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Hare MM, Feeney KE, Parent J. Longitudinal Pathways from Parent Internalizing Symptoms to Parent and Youth Emotion Functioning. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:1211-1224. [PMID: 36571648 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01482-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The current study utilized mediation analyses to examine how parental symptoms of depression and anxiety impact child emotion regulation (ER) and emotion stability (ES) through parent emotion functioning, parenting, and the coparent relationship. 564 parents of children between 3 and 17 years (Mage = 9.47; 54.4% male) were recruited via Amazon's Mechanical Turk across three time points: baseline (Wave 1), 4 months (Wave 2), 8 months (Wave 3). Mediation results demonstrated that symptoms of parent depression at Wave 1 predicted worse coparent relationships and decreases in parents' ability to identify their own emotions at Wave 2. Symptoms of parental anxiety at Wave 1 predicted decreases in positive parenting and an increased tendency to have negative secondary emotional responses, impulse-control difficulties, and difficulty accessing emotion-regulation strategies at Wave 2. Additionally, symptoms of parental anxiety at Wave 1 directly predicted lower child ER and ES at Wave 3. However, no significant indirect pathways were identified between parent symptoms and child ER and ES. Sensitivity analyses examined the effects of three youth developmental stages (i.e., early and middle childhood and adolescence), as well as parent gender (i.e., mother and father), and found no significant differences across groups. Thus, even at non-clinical levels, parental symptoms of anxiety and depression may negatively impact parenting, parent regulation, and the coparent relationship, while parental anxiety symptoms may contribute to lower child ER and ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Hare
- Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Kathleen E Feeney
- Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Justin Parent
- Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
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Luczejko AA, Werkmann NL, Hagelweide K, Stark R, Weigelt S, Christiansen H, Kieser M, Otto K, Reck C, Steinmayr R, Wirthwein L, Zietlow AL, Schwenck C. Transgenerational transmission of psychopathology: when are adaptive emotion regulation strategies protective in children? Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:96. [PMID: 39113085 PMCID: PMC11308581 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children of parents with a mental illness (COPMI) have multiple psychological and developmental risks, including an increased lifetime risk of developing a mental illness themselves. Emotion regulation (ER) has been identified as a potential underlying mechanism of the transgenerational transmission of mental disorders. This study compares ER strategies in parents with and without a mental illness and their children. Further, it aims to examine the relationship between parents and children's psychopathology with a focus on the role of parental and child ER. METHODS Participants were 96 COPMI (77% female) and 99 children of parents without mental illness (COPWMI, 83% female) aged 4-16 years and their parents. Psychopathology and ER strategies of parents and children were assessed with a series of questionnaires. RESULTS Both COPMI and their parents showed significantly more psychopathology and more maladaptive and adaptive ER strategies in comparison with COPWMI and their parents. Parent and child adaptive ER strategies mediated the relationship between the psychopathology of parents and children only when child maladaptive ER strategies were low. CONCLUSIONS The findings further our understanding of the processes by which parental psychopathology affects child outcomes. Our findings highlight the importance of implementing preventive programs that specifically target the reduction of maladaptive ER in children to interrupt the transgenerational transmission of psychopathological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arleta A Luczejko
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10, 35394, Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Naomi Leona Werkmann
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10, 35394, Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - K Hagelweide
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Stark
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - S Weigelt
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - H Christiansen
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - M Kieser
- Institute of Medical Biometry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Otto
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - C Reck
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - R Steinmayr
- Department of Psychology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - L Wirthwein
- Department of Psychology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A-L Zietlow
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - C Schwenck
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10, 35394, Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Bratman GN, Mehta A, Olvera-Alvarez H, Spink KM, Levy C, White MP, Kubzansky LD, Gross JJ. Associations of nature contact with emotional ill-being and well-being: the role of emotion regulation. Cogn Emot 2024; 38:748-767. [PMID: 38362747 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2316199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Nature contact has associations with emotional ill-being and well-being. However, the mechanisms underlying these associations are not fully understood. We hypothesised that increased adaptive and decreased maladaptive emotion regulation strategies would be a pathway linking nature contact to ill-being and well-being. Using data from a survey of 600 U.S.-based adults administered online in 2022, we conducted structural equation modelling to test our hypotheses. We found that (1) frequency of nature contact was significantly associated with lesser emotional ill-being and greater emotional well-being, (2) effective emotion regulation was significantly associated with lesser emotional ill-being and greater emotional well-being, and (3) the associations of higher frequency of nature contact with these benefits were partly explained via emotion regulation. Moreover, we found a nonlinear relationship for the associations of duration of nature contact with some outcomes, with a rise in benefits up to certain amounts of time, and a levelling off after these points. These findings support and extend previous work that demonstrates that the associations of nature contact with emotional ill-being and well-being may be partly explained by changes in emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N Bratman
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ashish Mehta
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Chaja Levy
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mathew P White
- Cognitive Science Hub, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James J Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Yu T, Hu J, Zhao J. Childhood emotional abuse and depression symptoms among Chinese adolescents: The sequential masking effect of ruminative thinking and deliberate rumination. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 154:106854. [PMID: 38823333 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study delves into the relationship between childhood trauma and adolescent depression symptoms, specifically examining the distinct roles of ruminative thinking and deliberate rumination in mediating this connection. The focus is on exploring whether these cognitive processes, namely ruminative thinking and deliberate rumination, operate differently and sequentially in mediating the impact of childhood emotional abuse (CEA) on the development of depression symptoms among Chinese adolescents. METHODS The study involved gathering data from 489 adolescents, with a relatively balanced gender distribution (44.79 % males and 55.21 % females). The average age of the participants was 16.92 years, with a standard deviation of 0.67. Data collection took place in two Chinese high schools, and participants were tasked with completing assessments related to CEA, ruminative thinking, deliberate rumination, and depression symptoms. The interplay among these variables was then examined using a serial mediation model. RESULTS The findings of the study indicate that CEA not only exhibited a direct association with adolescent depression symptoms but also exerted indirect effects through distinct mediating mechanisms involving ruminative thinking and deliberate rumination. Specifically, ruminative thinking was identified as a mediator, whereas deliberate rumination emerged as a buffer in the relationship between CEA and depression. Additionally, ruminative thinking and deliberate rumination partially masked the effect of CEA on adolescent depression symptoms in a sequential pattern. CONCLUSIONS Regarding the link from CEA to adolescent depression symptoms, ruminative thinking is an adverse mediator while deliberate rumination appears to play a benign role. Consequently, the promotion of a shift from ruminative thinking to deliberate rumination is proposed as a promising strategy for alleviating the detrimental effects of CEA on adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengxu Yu
- Department of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian City 116029, China.
| | - Jinsheng Hu
- Department of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian City 116029, China.
| | - Jiayin Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian City 116029, China.
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Simon E, Raats M, Erens B. Neglecting the impact of childhood neglect: A scoping review of the relation between child neglect and emotion regulation in adulthood. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 153:106802. [PMID: 38733836 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood neglect, a prevalent form of child abuse, has significant short-term and long-term consequences on mental health. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of existing evidence on childhood neglect in relation to emotion regulation in adulthood. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants were not individually evaluated but we provided future directions for research based on the overview of studies. METHODS A systematic search strategy was conducted, resulting in the analysis of 25 selected articles. We performed an inventory of existing evidence to identify knowledge gaps. RESULTS The review identified the need for future research to differentiate neglect from other forms of child abuse. Longitudinal studies tracking individuals from childhood to adulthood are recommended to understand developmental trajectories and continuity. Diverse samples, with various ages, genders, and (socio-economic) backgrounds, should be included for enhanced generalizability. Geographical representation should be expanded to capture cultural variations in the association between neglect and adult emotion regulation. Furthermore, investigating other psychopathologies beyond depression in relation to neglect and emotion regulation is suggested. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this scoping review highlights the limited knowledge regarding the link between childhood neglect and adult emotion regulation and provides valuable recommendations for advancing research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellin Simon
- Open University of the Netherlands, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Brenda Erens
- Open University of the Netherlands, the Netherlands
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Abdollahpour Ranjbar H, Bakhshesh-Boroujeni M, Farajpour-Niri S, Hekmati I, Habibi Asgarabad M, Eskin M. An examination of the mediating role of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in the complex relationship between interpersonal needs and suicidal behavior. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1301695. [PMID: 38911702 PMCID: PMC11190341 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1301695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that psychological factors, notably interpersonal needs and emotion regulation, play a significant role in suicidal behavior. Interpersonal needs are significant contextual components that affect emotion regulation and contribute to a wide range of dysfunctional behaviors, such as suicidal behavior. It has been postulated that emotion regulation mediates the associations between proximal and distal risk factors of suicidal behavior. Method The sample consisted of 340 community-dwelling individuals (62.5% women; SD = 0.48) with an age range of 18 through 55 (M = 30.23; SD = 8.54) who completed the interpersonal needs questionnaire, the suicide behaviors questionnaire-revised, and the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach was utilized to evaluate a mediation model. Results The findings indicate that interpersonal needs (i.e., perceived burdensomeness r = .55, p <.01 and thwarted belongingness r = .25, p <.01) and putatively maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (i.e., self-blame; r = .38, p <.01, catastrophizing; r = .55, p <.01, rumination; r = .40, p <.01, and other blame; r = .44, p <.01) have strong associations with suicidal behavior, and these strategies have a mediating effect on the association between interpersonal needs and suicidal behavior. Conclusions Our findings show that contextual-interpersonal needs, which underpin suicidal behavior, are significantly influenced by maladaptive emotional processes. Thus, therapeutic outcomes might be enhanced by focusing on the content of the associated cognitions and trying to reduce maladaptive regulatory processes like rumination and catastrophization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Issa Hekmati
- Department of Psychology, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | | | - Mehmet Eskin
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Kraiss JT, Vaessen T, Klooster PMT. Idiographic bidirectional associations of stressfulness of events and negative affect in daily life as indicators for mental health: An experience sampling study. Stress Health 2024:e3433. [PMID: 38817035 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that complex micro-dynamics occurring in daily life underly the development of mental distress. We aimed to (1) study the cross-lagged association between stressful events and negative affect (NA), (2) show that there is substantial between-person variability in idiographic associations and (3) show that idiographic associations are indicative of mental health. Experience sampling study assessing perceived stressfulness of events (PSE) and NA four times per day for 2 weeks in a non-clinical convenience sample (N = 70, mean age = 22.9, 61% female, 69% German). Bivariate vector autoregressive model implemented in dynamic structural equation modelling to model the associations between stressful events and NA and obtain idiographic associations. Stressfulness of events and NA were significantly reciprocally associated. Autocorrelations and cross-lagged associations from PSE to NA showed substantial variability and were significantly related with trait measures of depression, anxiety, well-being, and perceived stress. Contrary to expectations, cross-lagged associations from NA to stressfulness of events were not related to trait mental health. The approach outlined in this article is useful for studying idiographic dynamics in daily life. The findings increase our understanding of micro-dynamics underlying mental health and individual differences in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis T Kraiss
- Department of Psychology, Health, and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Vaessen
- Department of Psychology, Health, and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Ten Klooster
- Department of Psychology, Health, and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Beyazit U, Yurdakul Y, Ayhan AB. The mediating role of trait emotional intelligence in the relationship between parental neglect and cognitive emotion regulation strategies. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:314. [PMID: 38816746 PMCID: PMC11140952 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examining children's abilities to recognize and regulate their emotions in the context of parental neglect is of significant importance in order to comprehend the dynamics of and to support the development of emotional skills of children, particularly those at risk of neglect. From this point of view, the aim of the study was to examine the mediating role of trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) in the relationship between parental neglect and cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS) in children. METHOD The study group consisted of 265 children (135 girls and 130 boys) who were attending two separate primary schools in the city center of Antalya, Turkey. The mean age of the children was 10.27 ± 0.45. As the data gathering instruments, an "Individual Information Form" was administered to assess the socio-demographic information of the children, while the "Multidimensional Neglectful Behavior Scale-Child Report was administered to examine the level of neglect of children by the parents, the "Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Child Form" was administered to assess the trait emotional intelligence level, and the "Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies for Children Scale" was administered to assess the CERS of the children. RESULT It was found that trait EI played a full mediator role in the relationship between CERS and both maternal and paternal neglect (p < .05), except for the relationship between paternal neglect and maladaptive CERS (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS The results may suggest that neglected children use all emotion regulation skills, including both adaptive and maladaptive, to cope with their negative emotional experience, but may use adaptive CERS more if their trait EI is higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utku Beyazit
- Kumluca Health Sciences Faculty, Child Development Department, Akdeniz University, Temel Eğitim Mah. Spor Cad. No: 14, Kumluca, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Yeşim Yurdakul
- Kumluca Health Sciences Faculty, Child Development Department, Akdeniz University, Temel Eğitim Mah. Spor Cad. No: 14, Kumluca, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aynur Bütün Ayhan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Child Development Department, Ankara University, Tepebaşı, Fatih Cd. No:197/A, Keçiören, Ankara, PK: 06290, Turkey
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Trentini E, Dan-Glauser E. Which emotion regulation strategy is efficient for whom? Reappraisal and suppression efficiency for adaptive and maladaptive personality profiles. J Pers 2024. [PMID: 38801169 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the efficiency of different emotion regulation strategies, specifically reappraisal and suppression, in relation to adaptive and maladaptive personality profiles. BACKGROUND Personality conditions emotions and influences emotion regulation. Of the available regulation strategies, reappraisal (reinterpreting the situation) is described as an efficient strategy, whereas suppression (not displaying the experienced emotion) carries higher physiological and cognitive costs. Little is known, however, about the influence of personality on these efficiencies. METHOD We tested the personality structure of 102 participants (Meanage = 20.75, SDage = 2.15), based on the Five-Factor Model and the Maladaptive Personality Trait Model. Experience, expressivity, and physiological arousal were recorded during the viewing of emotionally charged positive and negative images while participants reappraised, suppressed, or viewed the images without regulating their emotions. RESULTS We identified two clusters for adaptive personality ("Adaptive Resilient" and "Anti-resilient") and two for maladaptive personality ("Maladaptive Resilient" and "Under-controlled"). The major finding was for emotional experience in maladaptive personalities, where reappraisal was efficient in the Maladaptive Resilient profile, while none of the strategies brought relief in the Under-controlled profile. CONCLUSION This study, which systematically contrasts personality and efficiency of emotion regulation strategies, is one of the first attempts to refine the understanding of how personality influences the emotional regulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Trentini
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elise Dan-Glauser
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Rogers AH, Smit T, Bakhshaie J, Zvolensky MJ. Momentary Emotion Regulation Strategies and Pain Experience Among Adults With Chronic Pain: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study. Clin J Pain 2024; 40:269-277. [PMID: 38345471 PMCID: PMC11015978 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000001206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The intention of this study was to characterize the real-time momentary relationship between emotion regulation strategies and the pain experience (ie intensity, interference, and negative affect) among adults with chronic pain. Chronic pain is a significant public health concern. Psychological treatments are effective for treating chronic pain, but long-term follow-up studies are limited, and treatment effect sizes are small. Identifying modifiable treatment targets, such as emotion regulation (ER), is critical to improve interventions. ER (ie, cognitive and attentional strategies to modulate or maintain emotional experience) has been linked to psychopathology and pain experience in adults. Yet, the existing work is limited and has largely focused on the relationship between emotional experience, not ER, and pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current study utilized ecological momentary assessment 53 adults with chronic pain. Participants completed ecological momentary assessments of pain experience and ER strategies 5 times a day for 7 days. Associations by specific strategy type were also examined, highlighting the importance of worry, experiential avoidance, rumination, and expressive suppression in pain experience. RESULTS Results of the current study provide evidence for the association between within-person maladaptive ER strategies and pain intensity ( b = 2.11, SE = 0.37, P < 0.001), pain interference ( b = 1.25, SE = 0.40, P = 0.002), and pain-related negative affect ( b = 2.20, SE = 0.41, P < 0.001). (77.4% females; M age = 27.10 y, SD = 5.16 y). DISCUSSION Given that ER is readily targeted in psychological treatments for chronic pain, the results from the current study provide initial evidence to target these ER strategies in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Rogers
- Department of Psychology
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Jafar Bakhshaie
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Wang X, Shao S, Cai Z, Ma C, Jia L, Blain SD, Tan Y. Reciprocal effects between negative affect and emotion regulation in daily life. Behav Res Ther 2024; 176:104518. [PMID: 38492548 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The extended process model of emotion regulation provides a framework for understanding how emotional experiences and emotion regulation (ER) mutually influence each other over time. To investigate this reciprocal relationship, 202 adults completed a ten-day experience-sampling survey capturing levels of negative affect (NA) experience and use of ten ER strategies in daily life. Residual dynamic structural equation models (DSEMs) were used to examine within-person cross-lagged and autoregressive effects of NA and ER (strategy use and between-strategy variability). Results showed that NA predicted lower between-strategy variability, lower subsequent use of acceptance and problem-solving, but higher subsequent use of rumination and worry. Moreover, reappraisal and between-strategy variability predicted lower subsequent NA levels, while expressive suppression and worry predicted higher subsequent NA levels. Stable autoregressive effects were found for NA and for maladaptive ER strategies (e.g., rumination and worry). Exploratory correlation analyses revealed positive associations between NA inertia and maladaptive ER strategies. Together, these findings provide evidence of a dynamic interplay between NA and ER. This work deepens how we understand the challenges of applying ER strategies in daily life. Future clinical and translational research should consider these dynamic perspectives on ER and affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China.
| | - Shiyu Shao
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China
| | - Zhouqu Cai
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chenyue Ma
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lei Jia
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China
| | - Scott D Blain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Yafei Tan
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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12
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Murray K, Dawel A, Batterham PJ, Gulliver A, Farrer LM, Rodney Harris RM, Shou Y, Calear AL. Cognitive reappraisal moderates the protective effect of body satisfaction on mental health and wellbeing in adults: A prospective study during COVID-19 lockdown. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:268-277. [PMID: 38290577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body satisfaction is associated with mental health and well-being in adults. However, prospective studies are needed to better understand its protective effects, and in whom these are most beneficial. This study investigated body satisfaction as a predictor of depressive symptoms, generalised anxiety, and well-being in a representative Australian sample collected during the initial COVID-19 lockdown. Two emotion regulation strategies - cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression - were also tested as moderating variables. METHODS The sample comprised 684 adults aged 19 to 87 years who completed three primary waves of data spanning two months [Wave 3 (W3), W4 and W7] from the Australian National COVID-19 Mental Health, Behaviour and Risk Communication Survey. RESULTS Hierarchical multiple regression models controlling for demographic and COVID-19 risk factors, as well as W3 for each outcome variable, indicated that W3 body satisfaction predicted greater W7 well-being, and fewer W7 depressive symptoms and greater W7 well-being in participants reporting low levels of W4 cognitive reappraisal. No moderation for W4 expressive suppression was observed, nor predictive relationships between W3 body satisfaction and W7 anxiety. LIMITATIONS The two-month follow-up period precludes conclusions relating to the longer-term protective effects of body satisfaction within and beyond the pandemic context. Examination of focal relationships in clinical samples, and inclusion of broader indices of body image, emotion regulation and mental health, is needed in future studies. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest body satisfaction warrants attention in community well-being promotion in adults, and may be particularly beneficial for those lack adaptive emotion regulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Murray
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, Building 39, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Amy Dawel
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, Building 39, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, 63 Eggleston Road, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Amelia Gulliver
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, 63 Eggleston Road, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Louise M Farrer
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, 63 Eggleston Road, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Rachael M Rodney Harris
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yiyun Shou
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, Building 39, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549; Lloyd's Register Foundation Institute for The Public Understanding of Risk, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117602
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, 63 Eggleston Road, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
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13
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Oliveira J, Pedras S, Inman RA, Ramalho SM. Latent profiles of emotion regulation among university students: links to repetitive negative thinking, internet addiction, and subjective wellbeing. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1272643. [PMID: 38659673 PMCID: PMC11040100 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1272643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen a deterioration in the mental health of university students and notable surge in the need for psychological support. Due to its links to psychopathology and high-risk behaviors, difficulty in emotion regulation frequently serves as a transdiagnostic dimension. This cross-sectional study used a person-centered analytical approach (latent profile analysis; LPA) to identify groups of Portuguese university students with similar profiles of emotion regulation difficulties (N = 261; Mage = 22.5 ± 1.2 years; n = 213 female) and describe how these groups differ in their presentation of repetitive negative thinking, internet addiction, and subjective wellbeing. The analyses identified four latent profiles: 14.5% of students showed global dysregulation (the Low Emotion Regulation Profile), 23% were moderately dysregulated with elevated problems in goal-directed behavior (the Moderate Emotion Regulation Profile), 8% showed specific difficulties with low emotional awareness and clarity (the Low Insight Profile), and 54.4% showed adaptive emotion regulation (the High Emotion Regulation Profile). As anticipated, the Low Emotion Regulation Profile had the lowest subjective wellbeing and the highest prevalence of repetitive negative thinking and internet addiction. Students with a Low Insight Profile also showed low subjective wellbeing, but less repetitive negative thinking compared to the Low Emotion Regulation Profile. Our findings suggest that interventions aimed at improving health and wellbeing among university students should consider each student's unique set of emotion regulation difficulties, rather than focusing on particular strategies. Further research may help determine whether emotion regulation profiles can serve as predictive indicators of varying mental health trajectories and subjective wellbeing in university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Oliveira
- Centro de Investigação em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento (CIPD) [The Psychology for Development Research Center], Instituto de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação (IPCE), Universidade Lusíada, Porto, Portugal
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14
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Srivastava AV, Brown R, Newport DJ, Rousseau JF, Wagner KD, Guzick A, Devargas C, Claassen C, Ugalde IT, Garrett A, Gushanas K, Liberzon I, Cisler JM, Nemeroff CB. The role of resilience in the development of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder after trauma in children and adolescents. Psychiatry Res 2024; 334:115772. [PMID: 38442477 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
This investigation, conducted within the Texas Childhood Trauma Research Network, investigated the prospective relationships between resiliency and emergent internalizing symptoms among trauma-exposed youth. The cohort encompassed 1262 youth, aged 8-20, from twelve health-related institutions across Texas, who completed assessments at baseline and one- and six-month follow-ups for resiliency, symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and other demographic and clinical characteristics. At baseline, greater resilience was positively associated with older age, male (vs female) sex assigned at birth, and history of mental health treatment. Unadjusted for covariates, higher baseline resilience was associated with greater prospective depression and PTSD symptoms but not anxiety symptoms. Upon adjusting for demographic and clinical factors, higher baseline resilience was no longer associated with depression, PTSD, or anxiety symptoms. Our analyses demonstrate that the predictive value of resilience on psychopathology is relatively small compared to more readily observable clinical and demographic factors. These data suggest a relatively minor prospective role of resilience in protecting against internalizing symptoms among trauma-exposed youth and highlight the importance of controlling for relevant youth characteristics when investigating a protective effect of resilience on internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun V Srivastava
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Health Discovery Building, 1601 Trinity Blvd, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Ryan Brown
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Health Discovery Building, 1601 Trinity Blvd, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - D Jeffrey Newport
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Health Discovery Building, 1601 Trinity Blvd, Austin, TX 78701, USA; Department of Women's Health, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Justin F Rousseau
- Department of Population Health, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Karen D Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Guzick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cecilia Devargas
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center - El Paso Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Cynthia Claassen
- Department of Psychiatry, JPS Health Network / University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Irma T Ugalde
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy Garrett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kim Gushanas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Josh M Cisler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Health Discovery Building, 1601 Trinity Blvd, Austin, TX 78701, USA.
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Health Discovery Building, 1601 Trinity Blvd, Austin, TX 78701, USA
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Prieto-Vila M, González-Blanch C, Estupiñá Puig FJ, Buckman JE, Saunders R, Muñoz-Navarro R, Moriana JA, Rodríguez-Ruiz P, Barrio-Martínez S, Carpallo-González M, Cano-Vindel A. Long-term depressive symptom trajectories and related baseline characteristics in primary care patients: Analysis of the PsicAP clinical trial. Eur Psychiatry 2024; 67:e32. [PMID: 38532731 PMCID: PMC11059253 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is heterogeneity in the long-term trajectories of depressive symptoms among patients. To date, there has been little effort to inform the long-term trajectory of symptom change and the factors associated with different trajectories. Such knowledge is key to treatment decision-making in primary care, where depression is a common reason for consultation. We aimed to identify distinct long-term trajectories of depressive symptoms and explore pre-treatment characteristics associated with them. METHODS A total of 483 patients from the PsicAP clinical trial were included. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify long-term distinct trajectories of depressive symptoms, and multinomial logistic regression models to explore associations between pre-treatment characteristics and trajectories. RESULTS Four trajectories were identified that best explained the observed response patterns: "recovery" (64.18%), "late recovery" (10.15%), "relapse" (13.67%), and "chronicity" (12%). There was a higher likelihood of following the recovery trajectory for patients who had received psychological treatment in addition to the treatment as usual. Chronicity was associated with higher depressive severity, comorbidity (generalized anxiety, panic, and somatic symptoms), taking antidepressants, higher emotional suppression, lower levels on life quality, and being older. Relapse was associated with higher depressive severity, somatic symptoms, and having basic education, and late recovery was associated with higher depressive severity, generalized anxiety symptoms, greater disability, and rumination. CONCLUSIONS There were different trajectories of depressive course and related prognostic factors among the patients. However, further research is needed before these findings can significantly influence care decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Prieto-Vila
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Logopedics, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - César González-Blanch
- Mental Health Centre, University Hospital “Marqués de Valdecilla” – IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Estupiñá Puig
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joshua E.J. Buckman
- Research Department of Clinical, Centre for Outcomes and Research Effectiveness, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL, London, UK
- iCope – Camden and Islington Psychological Therapies Services, Camden & Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rob Saunders
- Research Department of Clinical, Centre for Outcomes and Research Effectiveness, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Roger Muñoz-Navarro
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan A. Moriana
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Sara Barrio-Martínez
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Logopedics, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Mental Health Centre, University Hospital “Marqués de Valdecilla” – IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - María Carpallo-González
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Cano-Vindel
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Logopedics, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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16
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White VanBoxel JM, Miller DL, Morgan P, Iqbal N, Edwards C, Wittenborn AK. Exploring associations among baseline emotion regulation and change in relationship satisfaction among couples in a randomized controlled trial of emotionally focused therapy compared to usual care. FAMILY PROCESS 2024. [PMID: 38462780 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from a two-arm randomized controlled trial of emotionally focused therapy (EFT) compared to usual care were used to examine whether baseline emotion regulation influences relationship satisfaction for female and male partners. This is clinically relevant as clinicians have debated whether clients' initial emotion regulation skills predict positive outcomes in EFT. METHODS Dyadic multilevel modeling was used to determine whether baseline emotion regulation predicted both initial levels and change in relationship satisfaction and whether that relationship differed by treatment group (i.e., EFT or usual care). RESULTS Baseline emotion regulation difficulties were associated with lower initial relationship satisfaction. However, baseline emotion regulation difficulties were not associated with change in relationship satisfaction over the course of treatment and this relationship did not differ by treatment group. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate that partners with diverse presentations of emotion regulation at baseline may benefit from couple therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M White VanBoxel
- The Center for Applied Psychological and Family Studies, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Debra L Miller
- Community Mental Health for Central Michigan, Director of Family Services, Mt Pleasant, Michigan, USA
| | - Preston Morgan
- Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Nazia Iqbal
- Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Caitlin Edwards
- Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrea K Wittenborn
- Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
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17
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Tng GYQ, Yang H. Social anxiety and emotion regulation flexibility: a daily diary approach. Cogn Emot 2024; 38:199-216. [PMID: 37937802 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2279176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that social anxiety symptoms are maintained and intensified by inflexible emotion regulation (ER). Therefore, we examined whether trait-level social anxiety moderates ER flexibility operationalised at both between-person (covariation between variability in emotional intensity and variability in strategy use across occasions) and within-person (associations between emotional intensity and strategy use on a given day) levels. In a sample of healthy college-aged adults (N = 185, Mage = 21.89), we examined overall and emotion-specific intensities (shame, guilt, anxiety, anger, sadness) and regulatory strategies (i.e. experiential avoidance, expressive suppression, and rumination) in response to each day's most emotionally intense event over 6 days. During the study period, we found a positive association between variability in emotional intensity and variability of experiential avoidance in individuals with lower, rather than higher, levels of trait social anxiety after controlling for key covariates (i.e. gender, personality traits, and stress exposure). However, we did not find evidence for the moderating role of trait social anxiety in ER flexibility assessed at within-person levels. Our findings highlight the need to delineate dynamic ER flexibility across everyday events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germaine Y Q Tng
- School of Social Sciences, Management University, Singapore, SingaporeSingapore
| | - Hwajin Yang
- School of Social Sciences, Management University, Singapore, SingaporeSingapore
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18
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Novotný JS, Srt L, Stokin GB. Emotion regulation shows an age- and sex-specific moderating effect on the relationship between chronic stress and cognitive performance. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3028. [PMID: 38321166 PMCID: PMC10847168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive knowledge about the effects of chronic stress on cognition, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional moderation analysis on a population-based sample of 596 adults to examine the age- and sex-specific role of emotion regulation (ER) in the relationship between chronic stress and cognitive performance using validated self-report questionnaires. While women showed no direct or moderated relationship between stress and cognition, men displayed a distinct age-related pattern where stress was negatively associated with poorer cognitive performance at older ages, and the onset of this relationship was detected earlier in men with ER problems. These results showed that suppression of emotions and lack of executive control of ER amplify the negative consequences of chronic stress and suggest that there are sex-specific differences in the decline of ability to cope with long-term exposure to stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan S Novotný
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Luka Srt
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Gorazd B Stokin
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Department of Neurology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK.
- Translational Neuroscience and Aging Program, Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
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19
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Gu Y, Waters TEA, Zhu V, Jamieson B, Lim D, Schmitt G, Atkinson L. Attachment expectations moderate links between social support and maternal adjustment from 6 to 18 months postpartum. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38273665 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Significant links exist between one's perception of available social support and mental health outcomes, including during the transition to motherhood. Yet, attachment theory posits that individuals do not benefit equally from social support. As such, we examined the influence of attachment representations (i.e., secure base script knowledge) as they potentially moderate links between social support and psychological distress in a 1-year longitudinal study of an ethnically diverse (56% White) sample of infant-mother dyads. We hypothesized that higher social support would predict lower maternal psychological distress and this relation would be strongest in those with higher secure base script knowledge. Results indicated that maternal perceptions of social support were significantly negatively correlated with psychological distress. Analyses revealed that secure base script scores significantly moderated these associations. Interestingly, for those high in script knowledge, low social support predicted greater psychological distress. For those low in script knowledge, social support was unrelated to psychological distress. This pattern suggested that those who expect care (i.e., high secure base script knowledge) but receive minimal support (i.e., low perceived social support) find motherhood uniquely dysregulating. Practitioners may do well to examine individuals' attachment expectations in relation to their current social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Gu
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Applied Psychology, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theodore E A Waters
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Applied Psychology, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victoria Zhu
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Brittany Jamieson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle Lim
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Schmitt
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leslie Atkinson
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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Specker P, Nickerson A. Investigating the effectiveness of instructing emotion regulation flexibility to individuals with low and high anxiety. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024; 37:143-156. [PMID: 37120826 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2205641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Psychopathology has been associated with a deficit in emotion regulation (ER) flexibility - the ability to flexibly utilize ER strategies that are appropriate to situational demands. Yet, whether anxious individuals can be taught ER flexibility, or whether ER flexibility is effective in managing negative affect, remains unknown. We investigated the impact of instructed ER flexibility on emotional responding among individuals with differing levels of anxiety. DESIGN AND METHODS Participants (N = 109) were taught two ER strategies (reappraisal, distraction) and randomized to be instructed in either flexible or inflexible ER while viewing images that differed in negative emotional intensity. RESULTS When averaged over anxiety, or for participants with low anxiety, negative affect did not differ between conditions. However, among anxious participants, those in the flexible regulatory conditions - those who were instructed to flexibly switch between strategies - reported lower negative affect than those in the inflexible Reappraisal only condition, but not the Distraction only condition. The effectiveness of the two flexible conditions did not significantly differ. CONCLUSIONS Anxious individuals benefitted from being instructed in either ER flexibility or distraction. This finding supports literature on the adaptiveness of distraction and provides preliminary evidence linking instructed ER flexibility and improved emotional responding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Specker
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Angela Nickerson
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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21
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Reisi S, Ahmadi SM, Foroughi A, Bahrami R, Parvizifard A. Transdiagnostic therapy compared to progressive muscle relaxation on the emotional health of mothers with premature infants: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Psychiatry Med 2024; 59:112-130. [PMID: 37216682 DOI: 10.1177/00912174231177629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the effects of transdiagnostic therapy compared to progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on emotion regulation strategies, self-compassion, maternal role adaptation, and social and work adjustment in mothers of premature infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a randomized controlled trial with two groups and pre-test, post-test, and a two-month follow-up assessment. Included were 27 mothers randomly assigned to either the transdiagnostic therapy group or the PMR group (13 in the transdiagnostic group and 14 in the PMR group). The experimental group received eight sessions of transdiagnostic therapy while the control group received eight sessions of PMR. The participants completed the following scales: Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Self-Compassion Scale, Maternal Role Adaptation Scale, and Work and Social Adjustment Scale. RESULTS Transdiagnostic therapy was significantly more effective than PMR in improving emotion regulation strategies, self-compassion, maternal role adaptation, and social and work adjustment based on the between-group comparison conducted at post-test and follow-up (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Transdiagnostic therapy was shown to be effective in improving the emotional health of mothers with premature infants and was more effective than PMR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Reisi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Ahmadi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Foroughi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Bahrami
- Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Parvizifard
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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22
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Panayiotou G, Artemi TF, Theodorou M, Theodorou C, Neophytou K. Not “just for fun”: Gambling, substance use, and the transdiagnostic role of emotion regulation. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2023.2183677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Panayiotou
- Department of Psychology and Center for Applied Neuroscience, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Tonia-Flery Artemi
- Department of Psychology and Center for Applied Neuroscience, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marios Theodorou
- Department of Psychology and Center for Applied Neuroscience, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christiana Theodorou
- Department of Psychology and Center for Applied Neuroscience, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Klavdia Neophytou
- Department of Psychology and Center for Applied Neuroscience, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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23
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Höller I, Spangenberg L. Study protocol for a feasibility study of microinterventions in smartphone-based assessments to reduce depressive rumination. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e076031. [PMID: 38135315 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression as well as suicidal ideation and behaviours share several precipitating and maintaining factors and are subject to the influence of overlapping constructs. One of these transdiagnostic constructs is rumination. For the treatment of rumination, a variety of interventions are already available. However, not everyone with a need receives psychotherapeutic treatment. And even if they do: implementing learnt strategies alone at home can be challenging for patients. Therefore, this study aims to test the feasibility of delivering microinterventions for the reduction of rumination in a smartphone-based setting with the goal to make these interventions accessible to a larger number of people and support their use in everyday life. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study's design is an uncontrolled-within-group design. Participants with at least mild depressive symptoms and reported rumination will be included and recruited via outpatient clinics as well as in the general population. The aim is to recruit at least N=70 participants. Participants first undergo a short telephone screening, a baseline assessment, a 7-day smartphone-based assessment including microinterventions in case participants report rumination and a postassessment. For feasibility purposes, primary outcomes relate to participants' compliance, their evaluation of the smartphone-based assessment as well as the microinterventions delivered during the assessment. As a secondary goal, clinical utility will be examined. Clinical outcomes (eg, depressive symptoms, rumination) will be measured at baseline and postassessment. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The ethics committee of the institute of psychology of the university of Duisburg-Essen and University of Leipzig has approved the study. Study results will be disseminated to healthcare communities, in peer-reviewed science journals and at conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS00031743.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inken Höller
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Charlotte Fresenius Hochschule, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lena Spangenberg
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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24
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Mitchell E, Rosario-Williams B, Yeshchenko I, Miranda R. Cognitive emotion regulation strategies among emerging adults with different self-harm histories. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2023; 14:100638. [PMID: 38047209 PMCID: PMC10688498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Self-injurious behaviors have a high prevalence in emerging adulthood. People who engage in self-injury report more emotion regulation difficulties than their peers without self-injury. However, there is little research on how use of emotion regulation strategies varies over brief periods among emerging adults with differing self-harm histories. The current study examined variability in cognitive emotion regulation strategies between emerging adults with no self-harm, previous suicide attempts, or non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Methods Forty-one racially and ethnically diverse participants, ages 18-27, completed measures of cognitive emotion regulation once daily for one week. Results Data collected from 5 of these days were analyzed due to missing data on days 6 and 7. Growth curve analyses revealed differences in trajectories of rumination, acceptance, and catastrophizing, depending on self-harm histories. Specifically, participants with previous NSSI displayed increases in rumination, acceptance, and catastrophizing over time, compared to peers with a previous suicide attempt. Limitations The study design was limited by lack of assessment of self-harm during the daily diary, a limited assessment period of only one week, and distal time period of group classification. Conclusions These findings suggest that while emerging adults with NSSI histories use more emotion regulation strategies, they may need assistance in selecting when and how to use specific strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mitchell
- Hunter College, City University of New York, US
- Catholic University, US
| | | | | | - Regina Miranda
- Hunter College, City University of New York, US
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, US
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Bathe-Peters R, Priebe K, Schulte S, Meyer K, Schulte-Herbrüggen O, Ülsmann D, Bermpohl F, Schoofs N. The Affect Intolerance Scale (AIS), German version: A validation study in a student and clinical sample of patients with trauma-related disorders. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2023; 81:101841. [PMID: 36827946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The Affect Intolerance Scale (AIS) assesses two core concepts of emotion regulation: appraisals of negative emotions as threatening and proneness to emotional avoidance. Maladaptive emotion regulation is associated with various psychopathologies. We translated and validated the AIS in a German student and clinical sample of patients with trauma-related disorders. METHODS 340 patients, 161 with post-traumatic stress disorder and 179 with adjustment disorder, and 322 students were enrolled. We employed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in a cross-validation design to investigate construct validity, convergent and discriminant validity, and reliability. RESULTS We replicated the originally described two-factor structure in both samples. Cronbach's α was 0.947 in the student and 0.950 in the clinical sample. AIS subscales showed moderate to high correlations with convergent and low correlations with discriminant measures. AIS total scores were significantly larger in the clinical sample, controlled for gender and age. LIMITATIONS This study provides a unified cross-validation model in a clinical and a student sample at the cost of reduced sample sizes. CONCLUSIONS The AIS is a valid measure of affect intolerance with the discriminative ability to distinguish between patients with trauma-related disorders and students. Test redundancy within both sub-constructs of the AIS might lead to biased estimates but allows for increased test precision, rendering the AIS a tool suitable for individual treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouven Bathe-Peters
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kathlen Priebe
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Schulte
- Friedrich von Bodelschwingh Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Meyer
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Schulte-Herbrüggen
- Friedrich von Bodelschwingh Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Ülsmann
- Friedrich von Bodelschwingh Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Bermpohl
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikola Schoofs
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Berlin, Germany
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Mihailescu I, Efrim-Budisteanu M, Andrei LE, Buică AM, Moise M, Nicolau IG, Iotu AD, Grădilă AP, Costea T, Priseceanu AM, Rad F. Cognitive Coping Strategies among Inpatient Adolescents with Depression and Psychiatric Comorbidity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1870. [PMID: 38136072 PMCID: PMC10742032 DOI: 10.3390/children10121870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to describe and measure the cognitive emotion regulation strategies of inpatient adolescents with clinical depression, aged 13-18, and to analyse these coping strategies in relation to different comorbidities of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). METHODS There were 112 adolescents with MDD who were admitted to hospital and 78 healthy adolescents included in the study. The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) was used to assess nine specific cognitive coping strategies. A cognitive coping style model for depression in adolescents was described by analysing the differences between the two groups. The CERQ scores in MDD participants, grouped by comorbidity, were also assessed. RESULTS Adolescents with MDD had significantly higher scores for Self-Blame and Catastrophising strategies, and significantly lower scores for Positive Refocusing, Refocusing on Planning, and Positive Reappraisal. Adolescents with MDD and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) traits had significantly higher scores for Rumination, Catastrophising, and Blaming Others than adolescents with MDD and anxiety or with no comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS Clinical depression in adolescents is associated with a cognitive profile that consists of an increased use of maladaptive coping styles and low employment of adaptive strategies. Early identification can contribute to the development of specific, individualised prevention and intervention programmes, while further longitudinal studies are necessary to adequately measure the outcome of these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilinca Mihailescu
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.); (L.E.A.); (A.M.B.); (M.M.); (F.R.)
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, “Prof. Dr. Al. Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania; (I.G.N.); (A.D.I.); (A.P.G.)
| | - Magdalena Efrim-Budisteanu
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, “Prof. Dr. Al. Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania; (I.G.N.); (A.D.I.); (A.P.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 040441 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucia Emanuela Andrei
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.); (L.E.A.); (A.M.B.); (M.M.); (F.R.)
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, “Prof. Dr. Al. Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania; (I.G.N.); (A.D.I.); (A.P.G.)
| | - Alexandra Mariana Buică
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.); (L.E.A.); (A.M.B.); (M.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Mihaela Moise
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.); (L.E.A.); (A.M.B.); (M.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Ingrid Georgiana Nicolau
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, “Prof. Dr. Al. Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania; (I.G.N.); (A.D.I.); (A.P.G.)
| | - Alexandra Diana Iotu
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, “Prof. Dr. Al. Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania; (I.G.N.); (A.D.I.); (A.P.G.)
| | - Adriana Petruța Grădilă
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, “Prof. Dr. Al. Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania; (I.G.N.); (A.D.I.); (A.P.G.)
| | - Teodora Costea
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, “Prof. Dr. Al. Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania; (I.G.N.); (A.D.I.); (A.P.G.)
| | | | - Florina Rad
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.); (L.E.A.); (A.M.B.); (M.M.); (F.R.)
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, “Prof. Dr. Al. Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania; (I.G.N.); (A.D.I.); (A.P.G.)
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Khazraee H, Bakhtiari M, Kianimoghadam AS, Ghorbanikhah E. The effectiveness of mindful hypnotherapy on difficulties in emotion regulation, mindfulness, and mental health in patients with major depressive disorder. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:365. [PMID: 38144000 PMCID: PMC10743934 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1473_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 300 million people are affected by major depressive disorder, and despite advances in treatments over the past 50 years, this number is increasing worldwide. Due to the high prevalence and increasing numbers, along with problems in various aspects of the patient's life, new effective treatments are essential in this field. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a single-blinded randomized clinical trial. Thirty-four patients with major depressive disorder who were referred by clinical psychologists in the clinical psychology clinic of the Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to the intervention and wait-list control groups. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, and the Mental Health Continuum Short Form were administered during the baseline and post treatment. Analyses of covariance and the repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedure were performed to determine the difference between study groups. RESULTS The results of the analysis of covariance and repeated measures ANOVA showed a clinically significant decrease in difficulties in emotion regulation and a significant increase in mindfulness and mental health in the intervention group (P < 0.001). The mean score (standard deviation) of the difficulties in emotion regulation scores was 123.75 (21.10) in the experimental group at baseline and significantly decreased to 76.19 (26.45) and 68.00 (22.83) after the intervention and two-month follow-up, respectively (P < 0.001). Additionally, the mean scores (standard deviation) for mindfulness and mental health were 93.06 (8.23) and 19.63 (7.92), respectively, at baseline and significantly increased to 149.43 (16.99) and 51.62 (9.78), respectively, after the intervention and to 144.18 (20.55) and 48.50 (13.52) after a two-month follow-up (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results show that mindful hypnotherapy is an effective treatment for improving difficulties in emotion regulation, mindfulness, and mental health in patients with major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Khazraee
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Taleghani Hospital Research Development Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bakhtiari
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Taleghani Hospital Research Development Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sam Kianimoghadam
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Taleghani Hospital Research Development Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Ghorbanikhah
- Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Semnan Branch, Semnan, Iran
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Grases G, Colom MA, Sanchis P, Grases F. Relationship of depression with empathy, emotional intelligence, and symptoms of a weakened immune system. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1250636. [PMID: 37965661 PMCID: PMC10641773 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1250636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies have used different individual scales to examine the relationship of depression with emotional intelligence, empathy, and immune-based diseases. In this study, we used a combination of psychometric scales to examine the relationships of depression with emotional intelligence (intrapersonal and interpersonal), empathy (affective and cognitive), and symptoms of weakened immune system. Methods This cross-sectional prospective study examined 158 volunteers (39 males and 119 females). A score of 10 or more on the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was used to define depression. The Cognitive and Affective Empathy Test (TECA) was used to assess empathy, and the Profile of Emotional Competence (PEC) was used to assess the self-perception of intrapersonal and interpersonal competence. The symptoms of a weakened immune system (WIS) were assessed by measurements of permanent tiredness, frequent infections and colds, slow wound healing, persistent and recurrent diarrhea, recurring herpes, insomnia and difficulty sleeping, and dry eyes. Results The total PEC score and intrapersonal PEC score had negative correlations with depression, and the WIS score had a positive correlation with depression. The TECA score had no significant correlation with depression or the WIS score, but had positive correlations with the total PEC score, intrapersonal PEC score, and interpersonal PEC score. Conclusion The total PEC score, intrapersonal PEC score, and WIS score were significantly associated with depression. The TECA score was not significantly associated with depression or the WIS score. Our findings suggest that improving intrapersonal emotional skills may improve function of the immune system and reduce the symptoms of depression. We suggest that further studies examine the effect of targeted improvement of interpersonal skills (empathy) on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Grases
- Centro de Enseñanza Superior Alberta Gimenez (CESAG), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Sanchis
- University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS- IdisBa), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Felix Grases
- University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS- IdisBa), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Morello K, Schäfer SK, Kunzler AM, Priesterroth LS, Tüscher O, Kubiak T. Cognitive reappraisal in mHealth interventions to foster mental health in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Digit Health 2023; 5:1253390. [PMID: 37927578 PMCID: PMC10623449 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2023.1253390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing number of mHealth interventions aim to contribute to mental healthcare of which interventions that foster cognitive reappraisal may be particularly effective. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of mHealth interventions enhancing cognitive reappraisal to improve mental health in adult populations. Methods The literature search (four databases) yielded 30 eligible randomized controlled trials (comprising 3,904 participants). We performed a multi-level meta-analysis to examine differences between intervention and comparator conditions at post-intervention assessment. Moderator analyses were conducted for potential moderator variables (e.g., type of comparators). Results Most interventions were CBT-based with other training components in addition to cognitive reappraisal. We found preliminary evidence for a small to medium effect favouring mHealth interventions to enhance cognitive reappraisal over comparators, M(SMD) = 0.34, p = .002. When analysing single symptoms, there was evidence for a small to medium effect of mHealth interventions on anxiety and depressive symptoms, but not for psychological distress and well-being. All analyses showed substantial heterogeneity. Moderator analyses revealed evidence for more favourable effects in studies with passive comparators. There was an overall high risk of bias in most of the studies. Conclusions We found preliminary evidence for a small to medium effect of mHealth interventions including a cognitive reappraisal component to improve mental health. However, most of the interventions were complex (i.e., reappraisal was provided alongside other components), which prevents us from examining reappraisal-specific effects beyond general mental health promotion in mHealth. Dismantling studies examining the effects of single intervention components are warranted to corroborate these promising results. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=142149, identifier [CRD42019142149].
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Morello
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR) Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sarah K Schäfer
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR) Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Diagnostics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Angela M Kunzler
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR) Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Tüscher
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR) Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Kubiak
- Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Singh P, Mishra N. Exploration of a Psychological Defensive Syndrome Against Depressive Symptomatology in a Community Sample of Indian Women. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:2237-2265. [PMID: 35466799 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221092657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of depressive symptomatology in Indian women and the associated treatment gap are alarming and require interventions at a community level. Such interventions may succeed if the specific risk and protective factors are appropriately identified and addressed. Identifying such factors may suggest a Psychological Defensive Syndrome (PDS) against depressive symptomatology, and inculcating this PDS through specific interventions may help individuals manage depressive symptomatology. For evaluating the feasibility of such an idea, a two-phase research project was initiated, and the current paper presents findings of its first phase. The primary aim of the first phase was to explore the predictive relationship between depressive symptomatology and rumination, reappraisal, resilience, self-efficacy, neuroticism, and extraversion. A total of 671 women (Mage = 23.71) responded to standardized questionnaires in a semi-structured interview setting. The obtained data were subjected to correlational, regression, and path analysis. The findings support all the hypotheses; women, who reported less engagement in rumination and more in reappraisal, who scored low on neuroticism and high on extraversion, resilience and self-efficacy, showed less severe depressive symptoms than their counterparts. This pattern can be thought of as a PDS against depressive symptoms in Indian women. These results highlight the importance of addressing these factors in preventing and assuaging depressive symptomatology in Indian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parwinder Singh
- Department of Humanities and Social Science, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, India
| | - Navneet Mishra
- Department of Humanities and Social Science, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, India
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Tan WK, Chung MH. Problematic online anime (animation) use: It's relationship with viewers' satisfaction with life, emotions, and emotion regulation. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 240:104049. [PMID: 37793224 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there are numerous studies on problematic technology use, such as problematic video game use and problematic smartphone use, little is known about problematic online anime use. However, problematic online anime use warrants further examination because of anime's popularity and commercial importance. Furthermore, how emotion strategies and emotions (such as pleasure and arousal) invoked upon watching the online anime are associated with problematic online anime use is not examined in previous studies. To bridge these literature gaps and to contribute to the fields of emotion regulation and media psychology, this study adopts the emotion regulation theory and considers the relationships among viewers' satisfaction with life, feelings of pleasure and arousal arising from watching a particular online anime, cognitive emotion regulation strategies activated because of anime viewing, and potential to exhibit problematic behavior related to online anime use, which is operationalized as viewers' inability to control or reduce watching online anime. Data was collected from viewers who have watched the popular romantic comedy anime Kaguya-sama: Love Is War online via a major online discussion board in Taiwan through the purposive sampling method. Data analysis on the 190 online questionnaire returns (mostly from males and students) through the partial least squares analysis reveals that the emotion regulation theory can be used to examine viewers' perceptions of anime. In the online anime context, the emotion regulation strategy most likely to be invoked is positive refocusing (mean value of 3.68, measured through a 5-point Likert scale) which is in line with how people typically watch anime for immersion and escapism. Satisfaction with life demonstrates its robustness and flexibility in invoking the positive refocusing (path coefficient = 0.17) and refocus on planning (path coefficient = 0.13) strategies. It also lowers the adoption of the maladaptive strategy of catastrophizing (path coefficient = -0.18). While catastrophizing strategy (path coefficient = 0.31) and arousal (path coefficient = 0.24) add to problematic online anime use, pleasure (path coefficient = -0.27) lowers problematic online anime use. Thus, when viewers keep magnifying the severity of a bad situation they are in while watching online anime, instead of making them better, could lead them to the undesirable outcome of problematic online anime use. Although this study has provided several interesting insights, this study has only considered Kaguya-sama: Love Is War and used survey respondents' perception of their extent of problematic online anime use. To increase generalization, future studies could consider other types of anime and alternative means to measure problematic use, such as frequency of online anime viewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee-Kheng Tan
- National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hsien Chung
- National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
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Zsigo C, Sfärlea A, Lingl C, Piechaczek C, Schulte-Körne G, Feldmann L, Greimel E. Emotion Regulation Deficits in Adolescent Girls with Major Depression, Anorexia Nervosa and Comorbid Major Depression and Anorexia Nervosa. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:1476-1488. [PMID: 35412201 PMCID: PMC10435395 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01353-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In adolescence, both major depression (MD) and anorexia nervosa (AN) are associated with deficits in emotion regulation (ER). However, studies have yet to compare ER profiles within the disorders and the effect of comorbid MD+AN is unclear. This study examined the habitual use of ER in 229 girls, aged 12-18 years, with MD (n = 84), AN (n = 37), comorbid MD+AN (n = 25), and healthy girls (n = 83). Girls with MD, AN and MD+AN reported more maladaptive and less adaptive ER strategies than healthy girls. MD and MD+AN groups showed more frequent use of maladaptive ER compared to only AN, with no differences between only MD and MD+AN. This suggests that MD+AN is not necessarily associated with higher ER deficits, rather, an additional diagnosis of MD exacerbates impairments in AN. Identifying specific ER profiles can provide important targets in prevention and treatment for AN, MD and AN+MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Zsigo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Anca Sfärlea
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Lingl
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Charlotte Piechaczek
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Feldmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Ellen Greimel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Bemmouna D, Weiner L. Linehan's biosocial model applied to emotion dysregulation in autism: a narrative review of the literature and an illustrative case conceptualization. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1238116. [PMID: 37840783 PMCID: PMC10570453 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1238116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic difficulty prevalent in autism spectrum condition (ASC). Importantly, recent research has suggested that ED is involved in self-harm and suicidality. Pre-existing models on the etiology of ED in ASC focus mainly on biological factors to ASC features, such as sensory sensitivities, poor flexibility, and sensitivity to change. However, although psychosocial factors seem to play a role in the emergence of ED in ASC as well (e.g., childhood maltreatment and camouflaging), there is a lack of a comprehensive model conceptualizing biosocial factors involved in ED in autistic people. Linehan's biosocial model (1993) is one of the leading etiological models of ED in borderline personality disorder (BPD). It conceptualizes ED as emerging from transactions between a pre-existing emotional vulnerability in the child and an invalidating developmental environment. Beyond its clinical relevance, Linehan's model has gathered empirical evidence supporting its pertinence in BPD and in other psychiatric disorders. Although ASC and BPD are two distinct diagnoses, because they may share ED, Linehan's biosocial model might be useful for understanding the development of ED in ASC. Hence, this article aims to provide an application and extension of Linehan's model to conceptualize ED in ASC. To do so, we conducted a narrative review of the literature on ED and its underlying factors in ASC from a developmental perspective. To investigate the pertinence of the biosocial model applied to ED in autistic people, we were interested on data on (i) ED and its behavioral correlates in ASC, in relation to the biosocial model, (ii) the potential biological and psychosocial correlates of ED in ASC and (iii) the overlapping difficulties in ASC and BPD. Finally, to assess the pertinence of the model, we applied it to the case of an autistic woman presenting with ED and suicidal behaviors. Our review and application to the case of an autistic woman suggest that ED in ASC encompasses factors related to both biological and psychosocial risk factors as conceptualized in the BPD framework, although in both domains ASC-specific factors might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha Bemmouna
- Faculté de Psychologie, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Luisa Weiner
- Faculté de Psychologie, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Département de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Alsace, France
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Gerges S, Azzi V, Bianchi D, Laghi F, Pompili S, Malaeb D, Obeid S, Soufia M, Hallit S. Exploring the relationship between dysfunctional metacognitive processes and orthorexia nervosa: the moderating role of emotion regulation strategies. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:674. [PMID: 37715193 PMCID: PMC10504706 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunctional metacognitive processes and emotional dysregulation have been widely documented in the eating disorder literature. Despite numerous research and recent consensus suggesting the categorization of orthorexia nervosa as a form of eating disorder, no previous study has examined whether aberrant metacognitive processes also correlate with orthorexia nervosa tendencies. This paper investigates potential associations between symptoms of orthorexia nervosa and dysfunctional metacognitive processes while also exploring whether such relationships may be influenced by adaptive/maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in all Lebanese governorates. In total, 423 Lebanese adults completed an online questionnaire including the Teruel Orthorexia Scale, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale - 16 Item Version, and the Metacognitions Questionnaire - Short Form. RESULTS Higher physical activity, expressive suppression, emotion regulation difficulties, positive metacognitive beliefs about worry, and need to control thoughts were significantly associated with higher orthorexia nervosa. Additionally, the emotion regulation strategies moderated the relationships between two dysfunctional metacognitive processes and orthorexia nervosa. Specifically, cognitive self-consciousness was negatively related to orthorexia nervosa only in individuals with low (versus higher) emotion suppression (maladaptive emotion regulation strategy). In contrast, negative beliefs about worry uncontrollability and danger positively predicted orthorexia nervosa only in individuals with lower (versus high) cognitive reappraisal (adaptive emotion regulation strategy). Lower socio-economic status and having a university level of education compared to secondary level were significantly associated with lower orthorexia nervosa. CONCLUSION Our study provides the first empirical evidence for the existence of significant associations between dysfunctional metacognitive processes and orthorexia nervosa. It also highlights that these pathways are considerably modulated by individuals' ability to regulate their emotions adaptively versus maladaptively. Our findings thus suggest that therapies aimed at improving thought monitoring and emotional regulation may be beneficial for individuals with symptoms of orthorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gerges
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Vanessa Azzi
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Dora Bianchi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Pompili
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sahar Obeid
- School of Arts and Sciences, Social and Education Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Michel Soufia
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
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Int-Veen I, Fallgatter AJ, Ehlis AC, Rosenbaum D. Prefrontal hypoactivation induced via social stress is more strongly associated with state rumination than depressive symptomatology. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15147. [PMID: 37704652 PMCID: PMC10499935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have consistently shown a pattern of prefrontal hypoactivation in depressed patients (DP); however, it remains unclear whether this neural correlate is a consequence or concomitant feature of depression and/or whether ruminative thinking might be underlying. Using a sample comprising 65 healthy controls (HC) and 77 DP, we investigated the behavioral and neural correlates in response to stress and their association with depressive symptomatology, trait and state rumination. Fitting repeated-measurement MANOVAs including 21 fNIRS-channels covering the bilateral Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG), Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) and Somatosensory Association Cortex (SAC), we investigated the predictive value of diagnostic group (HC vs. DP) and state rumination. In DP, we observed significantly lower increases in cortical oxygenation under stress in channels of the right IFG and bilateral DLPFC. Participants reporting lower state rumination and no increases in state rumination under stress showed higher increases in cortical oxygenation compared to the other groups and in more channels compared to the analysis on diagnostic group. Re-running our fNIRS-analysis while correcting for performance resulted in time-dependent changes dependent on group (DP vs. HC) no longer yielding significance, however for the differentiation of state rumination groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Int-Veen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Sullivan EC, James E, Henderson LM, McCall C, Cairney SA. The influence of emotion regulation strategies and sleep quality on depression and anxiety. Cortex 2023; 166:286-305. [PMID: 37451185 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress is a major risk factor for a number of mental health disorders, including depression and pathological anxiety. Adaptive cognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategies (i.e. positively-focused thought processes) can help to prevent psychiatric disturbance when enduring unpleasant and stressful experiences, but little is known about the inter-individual factors that govern their success. Sleep plays an important role in mental health, and may moderate the effectiveness of adaptive CER strategies by maintaining the executive functions on which they rely. In this study, we carried out a secondary analysis of self-reported mental health and sleep data acquired during a protracted and naturally-occurring stressor - the COVID-19 pandemic - to firstly test the hypothesis that adaptive CER strategy use is associated with positive mental health outcomes and secondly, that the benefits of adaptive CER strategy use for mental health are contingent on high-quality sleep. Using established self-report tools, participants estimated their depression (N = 551) and anxiety (N = 590)2 levels, sleep quality and tendency to engage in adaptive and maladaptive CER strategies during the Spring and Autumn of 2020. Using a linear mixed modelling approach, we found that greater use of adaptive CER strategies and higher sleep quality were independently associated with lower self-reported depression and anxiety. However, adaptive CER strategy use was not a significant predictor of self-reported anxiety when accounting for sleep quality in our final model. The positive influence of adaptive CER strategy use on depression was observed at different levels of sleep quality. These findings highlight the importance of adaptive CER strategy use and good sleep quality in promoting resilience to depression and anxiety when experiencing chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Sullivan
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
| | - Emma James
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa-Marie Henderson
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Cade McCall
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Scott A Cairney
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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Kozubal M, Szuster A, Wielgopolan A. Emotional regulation strategies in daily life: the intensity of emotions and regulation choice. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1218694. [PMID: 37645071 PMCID: PMC10460911 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1218694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Emotion regulation is an adaptive ability affecting people's physical and mental health, quality of life and functioning. In the present study we focused on the influence of the intensity of experienced emotions on emotion regulation strategies (ERS) that are applied in everyday life. Methods For 7 days the participants kept an online diary where every day they described the situation which had aroused their strongest negative emotions. Next, they identified the emotions, their intensity and the type of applied strategies (acceptance vs. reappraisal vs. rumination vs. distraction vs. suppression). The study involved 88 people N = 88, which gives 538 observations. Results The obtained results indicate that the intensity of emotions affects the choice of regulation strategies. When the intensity increases, people are more likely to choose the rumination strategy and less likely to choose the reappraisal strategy. However, the expected relationship between the intensity and the number of regulation strategies was not confirmed. In turn, it was gender (male) that turned out to be associated with a greater number of strategies used. Conclusion The concern of this research was to look at making regulatory decisions in personally relevant and complex everyday situations. Although the emotions experienced in response to a difficult situation were varied, the intensity of the emotional experience was an important factor determining the choice of a regulation strategy. It indicates that this emotional dimension is a basic and determining aspect in people's regulatory capabilities. These results also indicate that perhaps men in a situation perceived as stressful and worthy of emotional involvement use more regulatory strategies than women. These findings may find an application in all kinds of psychological interventions (e.g., psychotherapy, anger management therapies).
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Arthur A, McDevitt M, Rooney RM, MacLeod A, Kane RT, Tonta K, McMillan K, Peckover J, Baughman N. Short-term effects of the "I Spy Feelings" program on emotion regulation in 5- to 6-year-old children. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1016521. [PMID: 37599750 PMCID: PMC10434767 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1016521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mental health difficulties in early childhood can have a debilitating and ongoing impact throughout an individual's life; emotion regulation can serve as a protective factor. Therefore, evidence-based prevention programs that teach children effective skills and strategies for emotion regulation are needed. Methods As part of the Aussie Optimism pilot study evaluating the "I Spy Feelings" program, this study aims to assess the short-term effects of the program on emotion regulation in pre-primary aged children after 2 months via a longitudinal cluster randomized controlled trial. Participants included parents (N = 73) of 5- to 6-year-old children attending four different Catholic primary schools. Children from two of the schools were allocated to the intervention group where they participated in the program (N = 33), while children from the other two schools were allocated to the control group where they did not (N = 40). At each time point, all parents completed abridged Children's Emotional Management Scales measuring how well parents believe their child is able to cope with anger, sadness and worry. Results A significant intervention effect 2 months after intervention was found for the outcome of anger coping such that parents whose children were in the intervention group reported significantly greater improvement in their children's ability to cope with anger compared to parents whose children were in the control group. No significant effect was found for the outcome of sadness, and results for the worry subscale were inconclusive due to unacceptable internal consistency. Discussion The present study provides insight into the benefit of programs designed to enhance the emotion regulation skills of very young children. Further follow-up is needed to assess whether the "I Spy Feelings" program has lasting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaliese Arthur
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Maryanne McDevitt
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Rosanna M. Rooney
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Amber MacLeod
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Robert T. Kane
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Kate Tonta
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Curtin enAble Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Kaitlin McMillan
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Jacob Peckover
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Natalie Baughman
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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Rosario-Williams B, Miranda R. Prospective Relation between Ruminative Subtypes and Suicide Ideation: Moderating Role of Problem Solving. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2023; 47:574-586. [PMID: 38152613 PMCID: PMC10751028 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10373-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Although reflection has been characterized as a more adaptive subtype of rumination than brooding, evidence suggests that reflection is associated with suicide ideation. The present longitudinal study investigated the mediating role of hopelessness and depressive symptoms and the moderating role of problem solving in explaining why reflection may lead to suicide ideation. Methods Two hundred ninety-four undergraduates participated in the study and were followed up every 6 months over 18 months. Participants completed measures of brooding and reflection, hopelessness, depressive symptoms, problem solving, and suicide ideation. Results Results revealed that after adjusting for baseline suicide ideation, the serial mediation path from brooding (but not reflection) to suicide ideation via hopelessness and depressive symptoms was significant. Baseline reflection predicted suicide ideation 18 months later through depressive symptoms at 12 months for people average in passive problem solving, and for those low or average in active problem solving. Brooding predicted suicide ideation through depressive symptoms, regardless of problem-solving. Conclusions Reflection may result in suicide ideation via depressive symptoms among people with poor problem-solving skills. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Regina Miranda
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York
- Hunter College, City University of New York
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40
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Nurius PS, Sefidgar YS, Kuehn KS, Jung J, Zhang H, Figueira O, Riskin EA, Dey AK, Mankoff JC. Distress among undergraduates: Marginality, stressors and resilience resources. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1445-1453. [PMID: 34232850 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1935969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study addresses mental health concerns among university students, examining cumulative stress exposure as well as resilience resources. Participants: Participants were 253 first- and second-year undergraduate students (age = 18.76; 49.80% male, 69% students of color) enrolled at a large western US university. Methods: Data were obtained from a cross-sectional online survey examining marginalized statuses and multiple stressors alongside coping responses, adaptive self-concept, and social support as predictors of stress, anxiety, and depression. Results: Multivariate regressions demonstrated significant associations between stress exposures and lower levels of resilience resources with each mental health indicator (with substantial R2 of.49-.60). Although stressor exposures accounted for significant increases in mental health concerns, their exploratory power was attenuated by resilience resources (e.g., beta decreases from.25 to.16). Conclusions: Better understanding cumulative adversity/resilience resource profiles, particularly among marginalized students, can help universities in prioritizing institutional support responses toward prevention and mitigating psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula S Nurius
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yasaman S Sefidgar
- Paul Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kevin S Kuehn
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jake Jung
- Paul Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Han Zhang
- Paul Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Olivia Figueira
- Grainger College of Engineering Computer Science, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, USA
| | - Eve A Riskin
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WashingtonUSA
| | - Anind K Dey
- Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer C Mankoff
- Paul Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Haver A, Krampe H, Danbolt LJ, Stålsett G, Schnell T. Emotion regulation moderates the association between COVID-19 stress and mental distress: findings on buffering, exacerbation, and gender differences in a cross-sectional study from Norway. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1121986. [PMID: 38427783 PMCID: PMC10325689 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1121986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Maintaining good mental health is important during a crisis. However, little attention has been given to how people achieve this, or how they evaluate emotions associated with stressors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to (1) investigate whether emotion regulation, in particular cognitive reappraisal and suppression, moderates the relationship between COVID-19 stress and general mental distress and (2) examine gender differences in the interrelations between COVID-19 stress, emotion regulation, and mental distress. Methods Data from a population in Norway (n = 1.225) were collected using a cross-sectional survey during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Emotion regulation was measured using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Scale (ERQ), COVID-19 stress with the COVID-19 Stress Scale, and mental distress with the Patient Health Questionnaire 4 (PHQ-4). Moderation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results There was a strong association between COVID-19 stress and general mental distress (r = 0.61). The moderation analyses showed substantial moderation effects of cognitive reappraisal and suppression on the relationship between COVID-19 stress and mental distress. Cognitive reappraisal served as a buffer (p = 0.001) and suppression (p = 0.002) exacerbated the relation between COVID-19 stress and mental distress. Men had higher scores of suppression (p < 0.001), and women had higher scores of cognitive reappraisal (p = 0.025). The buffering effect of cognitive reappraisal presented itself only in women (p < 0.001), while the exacerbation effect of suppression appeared only in men (p < 0.001). Conclusion The current study suggests that COVID-19 pandemic-related stress is easier to deal with for those who have the tendency to cognitively reappraise. In contrast, suppression is associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. The prevention of mental distress can be supported by guiding people about the importance of using healthy emotion regulation strategies, as well as helping them to become more aware of the way they interpret and regulate their emotions. Gender differences in emotion regulation suggest gender awareness, e.g., tailored programs for men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Haver
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Norwegian School of Hotel Management, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- School of Psychology, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences, and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Henning Krampe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Johan Danbolt
- MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychology of Religion, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Gry Stålsett
- MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway
- Modum Bad Psychiatric Center, Vikersund, Norway
| | - Tatjana Schnell
- MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway
- Existential Psychology Lab, Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
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Hernández-Posadas A, Lommen MJJ, de la Rosa Gómez A, Bouman TK, Mancilla-Díaz JM, del Palacio González A. Transdiagnostic factors in symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress: a systematic review. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37359653 PMCID: PMC10226442 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The current systematic review sought to identify quantitative empirical studies that focused on the transdiagnostic factors of intolerance of uncertainty, emotional dysregulation and rumination, and their relation with depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The overall research aim was to examine the relationship between these transdiagnostic factors and their relation with depression and PTSD symptoms. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Out of the 768 articles initially identified, 55 met the inclusion criteria for the current review. The results determined that intolerance of uncertainty is indirectly related to depression and PTSD symptoms, mainly through other factors including emotion dysregulation and rumination. Additionally, emotional dysregulation is a significant predictor of both depression and PTSD symptoms. Rumination is a robust factor related to depression and PTSD symptoms, this relationship was significant in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. This review provides evidence on the transdiagnostic factors of intolerance of uncertainty, emotional dysregulation and rumination in the relationship with depression and PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandrina Hernández-Posadas
- Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Higher Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. De los Barrios Núm. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Torre de Tutorías, 2do. Piso, Cubículo 22, Edo. de Mexico 54090 Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Miriam J. J. Lommen
- Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anabel de la Rosa Gómez
- Faculty of Higher Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. De los Barrios Núm. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Torre de Tutorías, 2do. Piso, Cubículo 22, Edo. de Mexico 54090 Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Theo K. Bouman
- Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Juan Manuel Mancilla-Díaz
- Faculty of Higher Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. De los Barrios Núm. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Torre de Tutorías, 2do. Piso, Cubículo 22, Edo. de Mexico 54090 Tlalnepantla, Mexico
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Zagaria A, Vacca M, Cerolini S, Terrasi M, Bacaro V, Ballesio A, Baglioni C, Spinhoven P, Lombardo C. Differential Associations of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies with Depression, Anxiety, and Insomnia in Adolescence and Early Adulthood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105857. [PMID: 37239583 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
While difficulties with emotion regulation (ER) are consistently linked to poor mental health in adulthood, findings in adolescence have been more mixed. Cognitive ER strategies, which involve the ability to manage emotions through mental processes, may be particularly important during different stages of development due to age-specific adjustments. We conducted two exploratory and cross-sectional studies to examine the relationships between cognitive ER strategies and mental health (i.e., depressive, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms) in two samples: 431 young adults (Mage = 20.66 ± 2.21; 70% women and 30% men) and 271 adolescents (Mage = 14.80 ± 0.0.59; 44.6% girls and 55.4% boys). The participants completed a group of questionnaires, including the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Youth Self Report. We employed hierarchical multiple regressions to assess the unique contribution of cognitive ER strategies to mental health outcomes. Maladaptive strategies (such as rumination and catastrophizing) were consistently associated with impaired mental health in both samples, while adaptive strategies (such as positive refocusing and positive reappraisal) were only associated with better mental health in young adults. These findings support the importance of cognitive ER strategies as potential risk factors for psychopathology and suggest that interventions aimed at improving emotion regulation may be beneficial. The age-specific differences in the relationship between cognitive ER strategies and mental health may reflect the refinement of emotion regulation abilities across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zagaria
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Cerolini
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Terrasi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Bacaro
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballesio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Baglioni
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Rome Guglielmo Marconi, 00193 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philip Spinhoven
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caterina Lombardo
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Tellez-Monnery K, Berghoff CR, McDermott MJ. Investigating the effects of emotion dysregulation and repetitive negative thinking on alcohol hangover anxiety and depression. Addict Behav 2023; 140:107619. [PMID: 36689889 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Underlying factors associated with alcohol hangover psychological symptoms, such as anxiety and depression, have not been identified. Emotion dysregulation and repetitive negative thinking (RNT) are transdiagnostic factors associated with psychopathology, including non-hangover anxiety and depression. The current study prospectively examined the role of emotion dysregulation on subsequent alcohol hangover anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as the moderating role of RNT on this relation among university students. METHODS One hundred thirty-six participants completed baseline assessments of emotion dysregulation (DERS-16) and non-hangover anxiety and depression (DASS-21). Thirty-nine participants reported experiencing alcohol hangover at 2-week follow up and completed assessments of RNT (PTQ) and hangover anxiety and depression (modified DASS-21). Two independent regression-based moderation analyses were conducted to examine the relation of baseline emotion dysregulation, 2-week follow-up RNT, and hangover anxiety and depression symptoms after accounting for baseline non-hangover anxiety and depression symptoms. RESULTS Among those experiencing alcohol hangover (n = 39), emotion dysregulation and RNT were not associated with hangover related anxiety beyond non-hangover anxiety. Emotion dysregulation significantly predicted hangover depression but was rendered non-significant by the addition of RNT, which was significantly associated with hangover depression. RNT moderated the emotion dysregulation-hangover depression relation such that emotion dysregulation was not associated with future hangover depression at low levels of RNT but was positively associated with hangover depression at moderate to high levels of RNT. CONCLUSION Results provide preliminary support for the role of emotion dysregulation and RNT in hangover depression severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher R Berghoff
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, United States
| | - Michael J McDermott
- Department of Psychology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, United States.
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Li Y. Role of coping strategies in mediating the effects of behavioral inhibition and activation systems on anger rumination and expression in patients with borderline personality disorder: A 12-month longitudinal study. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2023.112091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Strakeljahn F, Lincoln TM, Hennig T, Schlier B. The use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies in people with attenuated psychotic symptoms - Results from a two-week diary study. Schizophr Res 2023; 255:233-238. [PMID: 37028204 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has shown that negative emotion constitutes a trigger for psychosis. This effect is further amplified by using maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. In contrast, the role of adaptive emotion regulation strategies is less clear despite its potential for informing interventions and prevention efforts. In this study, we investigated whether the decreased use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies in daily life is associated with an elevated risk of psychosis. METHODS Participants reporting a lifetime prevalence of attenuated psychotic symptoms (AS; n = 43) and comparison participants without attenuated psychotic symptoms (n = 40) completed a 14-day diary study with one daily assessment of adaptive emotion regulation (ER) strategies ranging from tolerance-based ER-strategies (e.g., understanding, constructively directing attention) to change-focused ER-strategies (e.g., modification, effective self-support). We tested for group differences in adaptive ER-strategies use with multilevel models. RESULTS AS used multiple tolerance-based adaptive ER-strategies (acceptance, understanding, clarity, directing attention) less frequently in daily life. However, only a single change-focused adaptive ER-strategy (modification) showed consistently lower utilization rates in AS. CONCLUSION People with an elevated risk of psychosis use various adaptive ER-strategies focusing on comprehending and accepting negative emotions less frequently. Fostering these strategies with targeted interventions could promote resilience against transitioning into psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Strakeljahn
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Movement Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tania M Lincoln
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Movement Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timo Hennig
- Inclusive Education, Faculty of Human Sciences, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Björn Schlier
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Movement Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Rosan C, Dijk KAV, Darwin Z, Babalis D, Cornelius V, Phillips R, Richards L, Wright H, Pilling S, Fearon P, Pizzo E, Fonagy P. The COSI trial: a study protocol for a multi-centre, randomised controlled trial to explore the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the Circle of Security-Parenting Intervention in community perinatal mental health services in England. Trials 2023; 24:188. [PMID: 36915170 PMCID: PMC10012495 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal mental health difficulties affect up to 27% of birthing parents during pregnancy and the first postnatal year, and if untreated are associated with difficulties in bonding and long-term adverse outcomes to children. There are large evidence gaps related to psychological treatment, particularly in group therapy approaches and parent-infant interventions. One intervention showing preliminary efficacious findings and user acceptability is Circle of Security-Parenting (COS-P), which is a brief, weekly, group programme. However, these studies were underpowered and predominantly non-randomised, and there has never been a research trial in England or with birthing parents experiencing severe and complex perinatal mental health difficulties. The aim of the research is to conduct a randomised control trial to test whether COS-P will reduce perinatal mental health symptoms in birthing parents accessing NHS perinatal mental health services, compared to treatment as usual (TAU). Secondary objectives include exploring whether the intervention improves parenting sensitivity, emotion regulation skills, attachment security and infant development. Additionally, the project aims to examine whether the intervention is acceptable to parents and NHS staff, and whether it is cost-effective. METHODS COSI is an individually randomised, single-blind parallel arm controlled trial with an embedded internal pilot aiming to recruit 369 participants in a 2:1 ratio (intervention: TAU). Participants will be recruited from ten NHS community perinatal mental health services in England and screened based on clinical levels of both mental health symptoms (average CORE-OM score ≥ 1.1) and postnatal bonding difficulties (total PBQ score ≥ 12). This trial has 90% power to detect a MCID of 5 points on the CORE-OM. Primary and secondary outcomes will be measured at baseline, 3, 7 and 12 months after baseline. Service use and quality of life measures will also be collected alongside a process evaluation of parents' and interveners' views and experiences. DISCUSSION This will be the first large pragmatic trial to test whether COS-P is effective for birthing parents with severe and complex perinatal mental health difficulties in improving their mental health symptoms. If shown to be effective, the intervention could be delivered widely across the NHS and other similar services globally. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN, ISRCTN18308962. Registered 18 February 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Rosan
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK. .,Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, 4-8 Rodney St, London, N1 9JH, UK.
| | | | - Zoe Darwin
- University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Daphne Babalis
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Cornelius
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Phillips
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lani Richards
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, 4-8 Rodney St, London, N1 9JH, UK
| | - Hannah Wright
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.,Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, 4-8 Rodney St, London, N1 9JH, UK
| | - Steve Pilling
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pasco Fearon
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elena Pizzo
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.,Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, 4-8 Rodney St, London, N1 9JH, UK
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Igra L, Shilon S, Kivity Y, Atzil-Slonim D, Lavi-Rotenberg A, Hasson-Ohayon I. Examining the associations between difficulties in emotion regulation and symptomatic outcome measures among individuals with different mental disorders. Front Psychol 2023; 14:944457. [PMID: 36998365 PMCID: PMC10043222 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.944457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDifficulties in emotion regulation (ER) abilities have been found to play a central role in different psychiatric disorders. However, researchers rarely compare ER across different diagnostic groups. In the current study, we examined ER and its relation to functional and symptomatic outcome among three distinct diagnostic groups: people with schizophrenia (SCZ), people with emotional disorders (EDs; i.e., depression and/or anxiety), and individuals without any psychiatric diagnosis (controls).MethodsParticipants in this study comprised 108 adults who requested psychotherapy at a community clinic in the year 2015 and between 2017 and 2019. Clients were interviewed and filled out questionnaires measuring depression, distress, and difficulties in ER abilities.ResultsResults showed that individuals with psychiatric diagnoses reported higher levels of difficulties in ER abilities than did controls. Moreover, there were very few differences in levels of ER difficulty between SCZ and EDs. Further, the associations between maladaptive ER and psychological outcomes were significant in each diagnostic group, and especially for SCZ.ConclusionOur study indicates that difficulties in ER abilities partially have a transdiagnostic nature, and that these difficulties are associated with psychological outcomes among both clinical populations and controls. There were very few differences in levels of ER ability difficulties between SCZ and EDs, suggesting that the two groups share difficulties in relating and responding to emotional distress. The associations between difficulties in ER abilities and outcome were more robust and stronger among SCZ than the other groups, highlighting the potential contribution of targeting ER abilities in the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Bud S, Nechita D, Szentagotai Tatar A. Emotion regulation strategies in borderline personality disorder: a meta-analysis. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/13284207.2022.2152668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bud
- Evidence-Based Assessment and Psychological Interventions Doctoral School, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Nechita
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aurora Szentagotai Tatar
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Koay JM, Van Meter A. The Effect of Emotion Regulation on Executive Function. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 35:315-329. [PMID: 37791006 PMCID: PMC10544783 DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2023.2172417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Emotion regulation and executive function are associated: adaptive regulatory strategies are linked to better executive functioning while maladaptive strategies correspond with worse executive functioning. However, if - and how - these two processes affect one another has not previously been explored; most studies have employed a correlational approach, leaving the direction of influence unknown. We aim to address this gap by using an experimental design to explore the impact of emotion regulation on executive functioning. Adult participants (N=31) completed an executive functioning task (Computerized Task-Switching Test) under four induced emotion regulation conditions (1) neutral/baseline, (2) positive mood-maintain, (3) negative mood-maintain, (4) negative mood-reduce (conditions 2-4 were randomized). Relative to baseline, participants demonstrated better set-shifting performance across regulation conditions. In contrast, inhibitory control performance was slower, despite anticipated improvement due to practice effects. This suggests that inhibitory control may be more involved in the emotion regulation process than set-shifting when participants have a specific emotion regulation goal to achieve. The present study provides preliminary evidence that individuals' ability to perform executive function tasks may be affected by concurrent emotion regulation demands; additional experiments are necessary to further probe the complexity of the association between these two processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Min Koay
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Anna Van Meter
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Institute for Behavioral Science
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell
- The Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY
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