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Chigede N, Chikwambi Z, Mpofu IDT, Madzimure J. Isolation and characterization of biosurfactant-producing microbes isolated from the gastrointestinal system of broiler birds fed a commercial diet. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2263771. [PMID: 37814822 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2263771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial drug resistance (AMR) from improper use of antibiotics in various livestock products is a growing hazard for humans worldwide, with current death rate in excess of 700,000 per annum linked to the problem. Microorganisms are a rich source of structurally distinct bioactive compounds designed to protect the microbes and can offset AMR challenge. A study was conducted at Chinhoyi University of Technology to isolate, identify and characterize biosurfactant secreting microbes from broiler bird's gastrointestinal tract. Analysis of variance was performed in Genstat software. 16S rRNA technique was used to identify the DNA of isolates, annotated by similarity using BLASTn analysis against the NCBI nucleotide database. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the BLASTn outcome to have an appreciation of the evolutionary genetic relationships. Small intestine-derived samples had a wider hemolytic activity of 5.6 mm, with a 39% emulsification index. At 98.29% sequence similarity, the bacterium producing biosurfactants was identified as an Escherichia coli strain similar to the 7.1994/NIST 0056 strain. The biosurfactant substance is a derivative of decane with beta lactams, tetracyclines and sulfa drugs properties which were responsible for the observed antibacterial activity. We recommend endogenous biosurfactant production optimization experiments and in-vivo trials to evaluate the potential impacts of a biosurfactant based feed additive in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngavaite Chigede
- School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Department of Animal Production and Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
- Gary Magadzire School of Agriculture and Engineering, Department of Livestock, Wildlife and Fisheries, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
| | - Zedias Chikwambi
- School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Department of Animal Production and Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Irvin D T Mpofu
- School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Department of Animal Production and Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - James Madzimure
- School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Department of Animal Production and Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
- College of Health, Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Africa University, Mutare, Zimbabwe
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Kathiravan N, Rajesh A, Kim JW, Davoodbasha M. Isolation and Characterization of Biosurfactant-Producing Soil Fungus Penicillium sp. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:3234-3245. [PMID: 37642923 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a fungal species was isolated from rhizospheric soil and identified as Penicillium sp. by ITS sequencing. The Penicillium sp. has been screened for the biosurfactant production, viz., haemolytic activity, oil spreading assay and emulsification index. The biosurfactant from cell-free supernatant was extracted using acid precipitation followed by solvent-solvent extraction. The physiochemical properties of the extracted biosurfactant were analysed using FTIR; the major peaks that show at 1720 cm-1, 1531 cm-1, 1419 cm-1, 1251 cm-1 and 1010 cm-1 correspond to aliphatic chains, sugars and ester carbonyl groups. The fatty acids present in the extracted biosurfactant were analysed using GCMS, in which a molecular mass of 256 and 284 m/z showed the presence of n-hexadecenoic acid and octadecanoic acid respectively which indicate the presence of rhamnolipid, which is a major biosurfactant. The biosurfactant extracted from Penicllium sp. demonstrated antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In future perspectives, the biosurfactant extracted from the isolated species holds great potential as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent and could be utilized in various healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveenkumar Kathiravan
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 620048, India
- Aatreal Green Renewable Energy Pvt. Ltd., IITM Research Park, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Arjun Rajesh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jung-Wan Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - MubarakAli Davoodbasha
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 620048, India.
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
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Albasri HM, Almohammadi AA, Alhhazmi A, Bukhari DA, Waznah MS, Mawad AMM. Production and characterization of rhamnolipid biosurfactant from thermophilic Geobacillus stearothermophilus bacterium isolated from Uhud mountain. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1358175. [PMID: 38873141 PMCID: PMC11173098 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1358175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Biosurfactants have been given considerable attention as they are potential candidates for several biotechnological applications. Materials and methods In this study, a promising thermophilic biosurfactant-producing HA-2 was isolated from the volcanic and arid region of Uhud mountain, Madinah, Saudi Arabia. It was identified using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The biosurfactant production ability was screened using different methods such as the drop collapse test, oil spreading test, hemolytic activity test, CTAB test, and emulsification index. The ability of rhamnolipid production by the tested strain was confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of rhlAB. The affinity of thermophilic HA-2 to hydrophobic substrates was also investigated. Optimization of biosurfactant production was conducted. The biological activities of produced surfactant were investigated. Results and discussion The isolated HA-1 was identified as Geobacillus stearothermophilus strain OR911984. It could utilize waste sunflower frying oil (WSFF) oil as a low-cost carbon source. It showed high emulsification activity (52 ± 0.0%) and positive results toward other biosurfactant screening tests. The strain showed high cell adhesion to hexane with 41.2% cell surface hydrophobicity. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated the presence of hydrophobic chains that comprise lipids, sugars, and hydrophilic glycolipid components. The optimization results showed the optimal factors included potato peel as a carbon source with 68.8% emulsification activity, yeast extract as a nitrogen source with 60% emulsification activity, a pH of 9 (56.6%), and a temperature of 50° (72%). The kinetics showed that optimum biosurfactant production (572.4 mg/L) was recorded at 5 days of incubation. The produced rhamnolipid biosurfactant showed high antimicrobial activity against some human and plant pathogenic bacterial and fungal isolates and high antioxidant activity (90.4%). In addition, it enhanced wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth, with the greatest enhancement obtained with the 5% concentration. Therefore, thermophilic G. stearothermophilus is a promising rhamnolipid biosurfactant producer that utilizes many organic wastes. The produced biosurfactant could be applied as a promising emulsifier, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and plant growth promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hibah M. Albasri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa A. Almohammadi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej Alhhazmi
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Duaa A. Bukhari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moayad S. Waznah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M. M. Mawad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Amiri F, Habibi A. Handling the inhibitory role of product accumulation during sophorolipid fermentation in a bubble column reactor with an in situ foam recovery. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:381-392. [PMID: 38421396 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-02970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Sophorolipid (SL) production by Candida catenulata from sunflower fatty acids was studied in a bubble column reactor (BCR). The specific oxygen uptake rate was 0.021 mg gcell-1 min-1 which indicates the importance of aeration in SL biosynthesis. The measurement of oxygen transfer rate (OTR) in the BCR showed a satisfactory OTR value of about 0.093 min-1 in the system. However, further SL production was stopped after 30 h in the BCR mainly due to the product accumulation in the culture and its inhibitory effects on cell growth and SL synthesis. Since an extensive foam was generated in the BCR under the absence of an antifoam agent, the development of an in situ foam recovery system provided the integration of production and separation of SL to handle the problem. The application of the foam recovery system enhanced biomass and titer SL concentration by 38.5 and 28.2% in comparison with the conventional BCR, respectively. Further studies in the system were performed by monitoring the size of bubbles and their effects on the biomass and SL enrichment in the foam stream at different aeration rates where the SL enrichment varied from 900 to 100% at 12 and 50 h of the fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Amiri
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Habibi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Fernandes NAT, Rose AL, Simões LA, Dias DR. Chemical and biological evaluation of biosurfactant fractions from Wickerhamomyces anomalus CCMA 0358. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:7621-7633. [PMID: 37819395 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12811-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Biosurfactants (BS) are becoming a solution for today's world since they are considered a reasonable and eco-friendly option for use in products that require surfactants. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of purified fractions containing biosurfactants produced by the yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus CCMA 0358 using waste cooking oil (WCO) as substrate. Mixed fractions were separated and characterized by TLC, MPLC, GC-MS, LC-OMS, LC-SQMS, FTIR, 1H, 13C, DEPT 135, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC. The results confirmed the presence of palmitic acid and oleic acid fatty acids, derived from the core biosurfactant structure; however, the core could not be identified. The crude biosurfactant and its purified fractions were evaluated against pathogenic bacteria, and the purified fractions of the biosurfactant are more efficient at inhibitory and bactericidal activities than the crude biosurfactant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that evaluated the antimicrobial activity of purified fractions of biosurfactants produced by the species Wickerhamomyces anomalus. Therefore, the purification of biosurfactants can emerge as an interesting alternative to increase the bioactivity of the compounds and ensure greater efficiency and biotechnological employability. KEY POINTS: • Successful production of a biosurfactant using a renewed carbon source. • Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of purified fractions of BS. • Separated fractions of the BS are more efficient against bacteria than the crude BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Andrade Teixeira Fernandes
- Chemistry Department, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Biology Department, UFLA - Federal University of Lavras Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Ami Lin Rose
- Chemistry Department, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Luara Aparecida Simões
- Biology Department, UFLA - Federal University of Lavras Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, R. da Universidade, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Disney Ribeiro Dias
- Food Science Department, UFLA - Federal University of Lavras Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil.
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Mohy Eldin A, Hossam N. Microbial surfactants: characteristics, production and broader application prospects in environment and industry. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:1013-1042. [PMID: 37651735 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2175364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Microbial surfactants are green molecules with high surface activities having the most promising advantages over chemical surfactants including their ability to efficiently reducing surface and interfacial tension, nontoxic emulsion-based formulations, biocompatibility, biodegradability, simplicity of preparation from low cost materials such as residual by-products and renewable resources at large scales, effectiveness and stabilization under extreme conditions and broad spectrum antagonism of pathogens to be part of the biocontrol strategy. Thus, biosurfactants are universal tools of great current interest. The present work describes the major types and microbial origin of surfactants and their production optimization from agro-industrial wastes in the batch shake-flasks and bioreactor systems through solid-state and submerged fermentation industries. Various downstream strategies that had been developed to extract and purify biosurfactants are discussed. Further, the physicochemical properties and functional characteristics of biosurfactants open new future prospects for the development of efficient and eco-friendly commercially successful biotechnological product compounds with diverse potential applications in environment, industry, biomedicine, nanotechnology and energy-saving technology as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohy Eldin
- Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environmental Research Institute (SWERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
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Chafale A, Das S, Kapley A. Valorization of oily sludge waste using biosurfactant-producing bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:316. [PMID: 37743461 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Oily sludge generated by the petroleum industry is not only an environmental hazard, but since it contains crude oil too, it is a valuable resource as well. This study demonstrates a methodology for the valorization of the oily sludge that allows the recovery of oil fractions by the action of microbes producing surface-active metabolites. Two bacterial isolates were used in the study that were producing different biosurfactants, identified via FTIR analysis as well as through genomic mapping of the biosurfactant pathways using RAST, ANTISMASH 7.0, STRING databases. Serratia spp. AKBS12, produced a mono-rhamnolipid, while Acinetobacter spp. AKBS16, produced emulsan. Although recovery efficiency of both biosurfactants was similar, the recovery profile with respect to the class of hydrocarbons differed. The rhamnolipid produced by Serratia spp. AKBS12 extracted mono-chained paraffins and linear alkanes, while emulsan, produced by Acinetobacter spp. AKBS16 could extract heavier paraffins. The extraction procedure is simple and involves mixing the biosurfactant with oily sludge at a temperature of 30 °C with an incubation of 9 days. Sulphuric acid precipitation releases the oil trapped in the oily sludge. The study is the first step in developing user-friendly, innovative technologies that can be linked to the concept of a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Chafale
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sera Das
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Analytical Instruments Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Atya Kapley
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Tenea GN, Anrango Cajas B, Carlosama Sanchez B. Inhibitory-like Substances Produced by Yeasts Isolated from Andean Blueberries: Prospective Food Antimicrobials. Foods 2023; 12:2435. [PMID: 37444173 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural agents from microorganisms have emerged as suitable options to replace chemical preservatives in foods. In this study, the antibacterial activity of cell-free supernatant (CFS) from five native yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lev6 and Lev30, C. pseudointermedia Lev8, Candida intermedia Lev9, C. parapsilosis Lev15) and the reference S. boulardi SSB, was evaluated against some indicator food pathogens. The generation of antimicrobials was reliant on strain-, and sugar-supplemented media, which supported yeast growth established at 30 °C and 200 rpm for 48 h. Treatment with proteinase K and catalase was unable to completely abolish the inhibitory effect, indicating that the active components are likely complex combinations of acids, proteins, hydrogen peroxide, and other metabolites. Although there was no impact on Listeria monocytogenes, exposure to CFS and extracellular fractions obtained through precipitation with methanol (PPm) at 120 °C for 60 min significantly (p < 0.05) increased the inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Kosakonia cowanii, and Staphylococcus aureus, indicating that the inhibitory activity was stimulated by heat. Likewise, a synergistic inhibitory action against Listeria was obtained following the pretreatment of PPm with EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). These activities were yeast strain-dependent, with Lev6, Lev8, and Lev30 showing the highest activity. In addition, a heat-stable low-molecular-mass molecule under 5 kDa was detected in Lev30. Further research is required to evaluate the mode of action and characterize the composition of the released molecules in the CFS in order to develop a novel biocontrol agent based on yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela N Tenea
- Biofood and Nutraceutics Research and Development Group (GIDIBAN), Faculty of Engineering in Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av. 17 de Julio s-21, Barrio El Olivo, Ibarra 100150, Ecuador
| | - Blanca Anrango Cajas
- Biofood and Nutraceutics Research and Development Group (GIDIBAN), Faculty of Engineering in Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av. 17 de Julio s-21, Barrio El Olivo, Ibarra 100150, Ecuador
| | - Bladimir Carlosama Sanchez
- Biofood and Nutraceutics Research and Development Group (GIDIBAN), Faculty of Engineering in Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av. 17 de Julio s-21, Barrio El Olivo, Ibarra 100150, Ecuador
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Al-Kashef AS, Nooman MU, Rashad MM, Hashem AH, Abdelraof M. Production and optimization of novel Sphorolipids from Candida parapsilosis grown on potato peel and frying oil wastes and their adverse effect on Mucorales fungal strains. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:79. [PMID: 37095542 PMCID: PMC10125861 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BRIEF INTRODUCTION Mucormycosis disease, which has recently expanded with the Covid 19 pandemic in many countries, endangers patients' lives, and treatment with common drugs is fraught with unfavorable side effects. AIM AND OBJECTIVES This study deals with the economic production of sophorolipids (SLs) from different eight fungal isolates strains utilizing potato peels waste (PPW) and frying oil waste (FOW). Then investigate their effect against mucormycetes fungi. RESULTS The screening of the isolates for SLs production revealed the highest yield (39 g/100 g substrate) with most efficiency was related to a yeast that have been identified genetically as Candida parapsilosis. Moreover, the characterizations studies of the produced SLs by FTIR, 1H NMR and LC-MS/MS proved the existence of both acidic and lactonic forms, while their surface activity was confirmed by the surface tension (ST) assessment. The SLs production was optimized utilizing Box-Behnken design resulting in the amelioration of yield by 30% (55.3 g/100 g substrate) and ST by 20.8% (38mN/m) with constant level of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) at 125 mg/L. The studies also revealed the high affinity toward soybean oil (E24 = 50%), in addition to maintaining the emulsions stability against broad range of pH (4-10) and temperature (10-100℃). Furthermore, the antifungal activity against Mucor racemosus, Rhizopus microsporus, and Syncephalastrum racemosum proved a high inhibition efficiency of the produced SLs. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrated the potential application of the SLs produced economically from agricultural waste as an effective and safer alternative for the treatment of infection caused by black fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr S Al-Kashef
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Mohamed U Nooman
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Mona M Rashad
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Amr H Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Abdelraof
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Dokki, Egypt.
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Khanna A, Handa S, Rana S, Suttee A, Puri S, Chatterjee M. Biosurfactant from Candida: sources, classification, and emerging applications. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:149. [PMID: 36995448 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Biosurfactants are surface-active molecules that are synthesized by many microorganisms like fungi, bacteria, and yeast. These molecules are amphiphilic in nature, possessing emulsifying ability, detergency, foaming, and surface-activity like characteristics. Yeast species belongs to the genus Candida has gained globally enormous interest because of the diverse properties of biosurfactants produced by theme. In contrast to synthetic surfactants, biosurfactants are claimed to be biodegradable and non-toxic which labels them as a potent industrial compound. Biosurfactants produced by this genus are reported to possess certain biological activities, such as anticancer and antiviral activities. They also have potential industrial applications in bioremediation, oil recovery, agricultural, pharmaceutical, biomedical, food, and cosmetic industries. Various species of Candida have been recognized as biosurfactant producers, including Candida petrophilum, Candida bogoriensis, Candida antarctica, Candida lipolytica, Candida albicans, Candida batistae, Candida albicans, Candida sphaerica, etc. These species produce various forms of biosurfactants, such as glycolipids, lipopeptides, fatty acids, and polymeric biosurfactants, which are distinct according to their molecular weights. Herein, we provide a detailed overview of various types of biosurfactants produced by Candida sp., process optimization for better production, and the latest updates on the applications of these biosurfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archna Khanna
- Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Sector 25, South Campus, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Shristi Handa
- Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Sector 25, South Campus, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Samriti Rana
- Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Sector 25, South Campus, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ashish Suttee
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjeev Puri
- Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Sector 25, South Campus, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Mary Chatterjee
- Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Sector 25, South Campus, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Handa S, Aggarwal Y, Puri S, Chatterjee M. Pharmaceutical prospects of biosurfactants produced from fungal species. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:1307-1318. [PMID: 36257786 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel types of biogenic surface-active compounds is of greater interest for combating many diseases and infections. In this respect research and development of biosurfactant has gained immense importance. Substantially, biosurfactant is defined as a class of active amphiphilic chemical compounds that comprise hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties on their surfaces. It is generally known that many kinds of microorganisms can be used to produce these surfactants or surface-active compounds. Hosting interesting features such as biodegradability, emulsifying/de-emulsifying capacity, low toxicity, and antimicrobial activities; these amphiphilic compounds in recent years have flourished as an ideal replacement for the chemically synthesized surfactant, and also have various commercial attractions. Both bacteria and fungi are the producers of these amphiphilic molecules; however, the pathogenicity of certain bacterial strains has caused a shift in interest toward fungi. Therefore, various fungi species have been reported for the production of biosurfactants amongst which Candida species have been the most studied strains. Biosurfactants uphold desired properties like antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiadhesion, and anticancer activity which proves them an ideal candidate for the application in various fields like pharmaceutical, gene therapy, medical insertion safety, immunotherapy to fight against many chronic diseases, and so forth. Hence, this review article discusses the pharmaceutical prospects of biosurfactants produced from different fungal species, providing new directions toward the discovery and development of molecules with novel structures and diverse functions for advanced application in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shristi Handa
- Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yadu Aggarwal
- Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjeev Puri
- Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mary Chatterjee
- Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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What Is Candida Doing in My Food? A Review and Safety Alert on Its Use as Starter Cultures in Fermented Foods. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091855. [PMID: 36144457 PMCID: PMC9502980 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of yeasts as starter cultures was boosted with the emergence of large-scale fermentations in the 20th century. Since then, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been the most common and widely used microorganism in the food industry. However, Candida species have also been used as an adjuvant in cheese production or as starters for coffee, cocoa, vegetable, meat, beer, and wine fermentations. A thorough screening of candidate Candida is sometimes performed to obtain the best performing strains to enhance specific features. Some commonly selected species include C. pulcherrima (teleomorph Metschnikowia pulcherrima) (wine), C. parapsilosis (teleomorph Monilia parapsilosis) (coffee), C. famata (teleomorph Debaryomyces hansenii) (cheese), and C. zeylanoides (teleomorph Kurtzmaniella zeylanoides) and C. norvegensis (teleomorph Pichia norvegensis) (cocoa). These species are associated with the production of key metabolites (food aroma formation) and different enzymes. However, safety-associated selection criteria are often neglected. It is widely known that some Candida species are opportunistic human pathogens, with important clinical relevance. Here, the physiology and metabolism of Candida species are addressed, initially emphasizing their clinical aspects and potential pathogenicity. Then, Candida species used in food fermentations and their functional roles are reported. We recommended that Candida not be used as food cultures if safety assessments are not performed. Some safety features are highlighted to help researchers choose methods and selection criteria.
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Dardouri M, Aljnadi IM, Deuermeier J, Santos C, Costa F, Martin V, Fernandes MH, Gonçalves L, Bettencourt A, Gomes PS, Ribeiro IA. Bonding antimicrobial rhamnolipids onto medical grade PDMS: A strategy to overcome multispecies vascular catheter-related infections. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Al-Otibi F, Al-Zahrani RM, Marraiki N. The crude oil biodegradation activity of Candida strains isolated from oil-reservoirs soils in Saudi Arabia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10708. [PMID: 35739163 PMCID: PMC9226172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Crude oil (petroleum) is a naturally occurring complex composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials. Bioremediation of crude oil-polluted sites is restricted by the biodiversity of indigenous microflora. They possess complementary substrates required for degrading the different hydrocarbons. In the current study, four yeast strains were isolated from different oil reservoirs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The oil-biodegradation ability of these isolates showed variable oxidation effects on multiple hydrocarbons. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed morphological changes in Candida isolates compared to the original structures. The drop-collapse and oil emulsification assays showed that yeast strains affected the physical properties of tested hydrocarbons. The content of biosurfactants produced by isolated strains was quantified in the presence of different hydrocarbons to confirm the oil displacement activity. The recovery assays included acid precipitation, solvent extraction, ammonium sulfate, and zinc sulfate precipitation methods. All these methods revealed that the amount of biosurfactants correlates to the type of tested hydrocarbons, where the highest amount was produced in crude oil contaminated samples. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of Candida isolated from contaminated soils for bioremediation of petroleum oil pollution. That raises the need for further analyses on the microbes/hydrocarbon degradation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Al-Otibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rasha M Al-Zahrani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najat Marraiki
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
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Wadhawan A, Singh J, Sharma H, Handa S, Singh G, Kumar R, Barnwal RP, Pal Kaur I, Chatterjee M. Anticancer Biosurfactant-Loaded PLA-PEG Nanoparticles Induce Apoptosis in Human MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:5231-5241. [PMID: 35187338 PMCID: PMC8851644 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite various advancements in cancer therapies, treating cancer efficiently without side effects is still a major concern for researchers. Anticancer drugs from natural sources need to be explored as a replacement for chemo drugs to overcome their limitations. In our previous studies, isolation, characterization, and anticancer properties of a novel biosurfactant from Candida parapsilosis were reported. In this study, we report the cytotoxicity of the polymeric nanoparticles of this novel biosurfactant toward breast cancer cells. Biosurfactant-encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles of polylactic acid-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA-PEG) copolymers were synthesized by the double emulsion solvent evaporation method. Folic acid (FA) was used as a targeting ligand to actively deliver the anticancer cargo to the cancer site. The encapsulation efficiency of nanoparticles was observed as 84.9%, and Fickian diffusion was observed as a kinetic model for the release of biosurfactant from nanoparticles. The controlled delivery of the biosurfactant was noticed when encapsulated in PLA-PEG copolymer nanoparticles. Additionally, it was observed that FA enhanced the uptake and cytotoxicity of biosurfactant-loaded nanoparticles in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells compared to biosurfactant-loaded plain nanoparticles. Induction of apoptosis was observed in cancer cells by these nanoparticles. We explore a potential anticancer agent that can be further analyzed for its efficiency and can be used as an alternative tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishani Wadhawan
- Biotechnology
Branch, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Joga Singh
- University
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab
University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Himani Sharma
- Department
of Zoology, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Shristi Handa
- Biotechnology
Branch, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Gurpal Singh
- University
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab
University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department
of Zoology, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ravi Pratap Barnwal
- Department
of Biophysics, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab
University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Mary Chatterjee
- Biotechnology
Branch, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Mendes RM, Francisco AP, Carvalho FA, Dardouri M, Costa B, Bettencourt AF, Costa J, Gonçalves L, Costa F, Ribeiro IAC. Fighting S. aureus catheter-related infections with sophorolipids: Electing an antiadhesive strategy or a release one? Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 208:112057. [PMID: 34464911 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus medical devices related-infections, such as blood stream catheter are of major concern. Their prevention is compulsory and strategies, not prone to the development of resistance, to prevent S. aureus biofilms on catheter surfaces (e.g. silicone) are needed. In this work two different approaches using sophorolipids were studied to prevent S. aureus biofilm formation on medical grade silicone: i) an antiadhesive strategy through covalent bond of sophorolipids to the surface; ii) and a release strategy using isolated most active sophorolipids. Sophorolipids produced by Starmerella bombicola, were characterized by UHPLC-MS and RMN, purified by automatic flash chromatography and tested for their antimicrobial activity towards S. aureus. Highest antimicrobial activity was observed for C18:0 and C18:1 diacetylated lactonic sophorolipids showing a MIC of 50 μg mL-1. Surface modification with acidic or lactonic sophorolipids when evaluating the anti-adhesive or release strategy, respectively, was confirmed by contact angle, FTIR-ATR and AFM analysis. When using a mixture of acidic sophorolipids covalently bonded to silicone surface as antiadhesive strategy cytocompatible surfaces were obtained and a reduction of 90 % on biofilm formation was observed. Nevertheless, if a release strategy is adopted with purified lactonic sophorolipids a higher effect is achieved. Most promising compound was C18:1 diacateylated lactonic sophorolipid that showed no cellular viability reduction when a concentration of 1.5 mg mL-1 was selected and a reduction on biofilm around 5 log units. Results reinforce the applicability of these antimicrobial biosurfactants on preventing biofilms and disclose that their antimicrobial effect is imperative when comparing to their antiadhesive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita M Mendes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana P Francisco
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filomena A Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maissa Dardouri
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruna Costa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana F Bettencourt
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Judite Costa
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lidia Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fabíola Costa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel A C Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.
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da Silva AF, Banat IM, Giachini AJ, Robl D. Fungal biosurfactants, from nature to biotechnological product: bioprospection, production and potential applications. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:2003-2034. [PMID: 34131819 PMCID: PMC8205652 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Biosurfactants are in demand by the global market as natural commodities that can be added to commercial products or use in environmental applications. These biomolecules reduce the surface/interfacial tension between fluid phases and exhibit superior stability to chemical surfactants under different physico-chemical conditions. Biotechnological production of biosurfactants is still emerging. Fungi are promising producers of these molecules with unique chemical structures, such as sophorolipids, mannosylerythritol lipids, cellobiose lipids, xylolipids, polyol lipids and hydrophobins. In this review, we aimed to contextualize concepts related to fungal biosurfactant production and its application in industry and the environment. Concepts related to the thermodynamic and physico-chemical properties of biosurfactants are presented, which allows detailed analysis of their structural and application. Promising niches for isolating biosurfactant-producing fungi are presented, as well as screening methodologies are discussed. Finally, strategies related to process parameters and variables, simultaneous production, process optimization through statistical and genetic tools, downstream processing and some aspects of commercial products formulations are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Felipe da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, TO, Brazil
| | - Ibrahim M Banat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Admir José Giachini
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Diogo Robl
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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A salt resistant biosurfactant produced by moderately halotolerant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (AHV-KH10) and its application for bioremediation of diesel-contaminated sediment in saline environment. Biodegradation 2021; 32:327-341. [PMID: 33860410 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-021-09941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A halotolerant bacterial strain was isolated from oily-contaminated sites of Persian Gulf, which characterized as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (AHV-KH10) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This strain was used for bioremediation of diesel-contaminated sediments. Biosurfactant production was initially screened by using oil displacement test and drop-collapse method, followed by measurement of surface tension (ST) of growth medium. Produced biosurfactant was a rhamnolipid type biosurfactant and lowered the ST to 33.4 mN/m at the given critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 75 mg/L. Addition of 3 CMC rhamnolipid, inoculums size of 15 mL, biodegradation in slurry phase and salinity level of 6% led totally to a diesel biodegradation rate of 70% for initial concentration of 1000 mg/kg after 35 days. The maximum diesel removal occurred at the salinity content of 6% indicating the moderately halo-tolerant characteristics of isolated strain. Evaluation of bacterial growth showed a biomass yield of 0.33 mg VSS/mg diesel in selected conditions. The field performance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AHV-KH10 was proved through the removal of the TPH content in unwashed sediment, which varied from 2390 to 1875 mg/kg within four months.
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Javadi A, Pourmand MR, Hamedi J, Gharebaghi F, Baseri Z, Rahdar HA, Morovvati A, Mohammadzadeh R, Eshraghi SS. Production and Characterization of Biosurfactant by Nocardia Species Isolated Form Soil Samples in Tehran. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/tsd-2020-2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this work, we report the Nocardia species were initially screened and then tested for their ability to produce biosurfactant. The biosurfactant production from the Nocardia species was determined by qualitative standard methods. The selected bacterial strain had better oil spreading and emulsifying activity and surface tension reduction. The biosurfactant producer strain was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and comparative analysis, the biosurfactant structure could be detected. Oil spreading tests and blue agar plate tests confirmed the presence of biosurfactant and extracellular anionic glycolipids. The E24% assay using olive oil showed strong emulsifying characteristic of extracted biosurfactant with a 100%. The stability of the biosurfactant produced in different conditions was significant. Nocardia coubleae was identified by biochemical methods and molecular methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Javadi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Pourmand
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Javad Hamedi
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Gharebaghi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zohre Baseri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Rahdar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Abbas Morovvati
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Razieh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Seyyed Saeed Eshraghi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Abstract
In this study, a new formulation of low-cost, biodegradable, and non-toxic biosurfactant by Candida sphaerica UCP 0995 was investigated. The study was conducted in a bioreactor on an industrial waste-based medium, and a central composite rotatable design was used for optimization. The best results, namely a 25.22 mN/m reduction in surface tension, a biosurfactant yield of 10.0 g/L, and a critical micelle concentration of 0.2 g/L, were achieved in 132 h at an agitation speed of 175 rpm and an aeration rate of 1.5 vvm. Compositional and spectroscopic analyses of the purified biosurfactant by chemical methods, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance suggested that it is a glycolipid-type biosurfactant, and it showed no cytotoxicity in the MTT assay. The biosurfactant, submitted to different formulation methods as a commercial additive, remained stable for 120 days at room temperature. Tensioactive properties and stability were evaluated at different pH values, temperatures, and salt concentrations. The biosurfactant obtained with all formulation methods demonstrated good stability, with tolerance to wide ranges of pH, temperature and salinity, enabling application under extreme environmental conditions. Bioremediation tests were performed to check the efficacy of the isolated biosurfactant and the selected microbial species in removing oil from soil. The results demonstrated that the biosurfactant produced has promising properties as an agent for the bioremediation of contaminated soil.
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21
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Rana S, Singh J, Wadhawan A, Khanna A, Singh G, Chatterjee M. Evaluation of In Vivo toxicity of Novel Biosurfactant from Candida parapsilosis loaded in PLA-PEG Polymeric Nanoparticles. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:1727-1738. [PMID: 33450216 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicological profile of biosurfactant encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles of Polylactic acid-Polyethylene glycol (PLA-PEG) in mice. Hematological, biochemical and histopathological samples of rodents were evaluated. Mice were selected randomly and divided into 3 treatment groups and one control group. Group I mice served as a control group, Group II were administrated with biosurfactant, Group III were treated with Polymeric nanoparticles of PLA-PEG. Group IV mice were injected with biosurfactant loaded polymeric nanoparticles of PLA-PEG. The formulations were administered intravenously via tail vein with 20 μg/mL dose concentration of biosurfactant. The normal control group was injected with only PBS. Blood samples were collected on 7th, 14th and 21st day and hematological and biochemical assays were performed. After the blood collection, mice were sacrificed for histopathological examination. The results showed that there were no significant difference in hematology parameter between the control and treated group. Some minute, non-significant changes were found in biochemical parameters which were not considered. Histopathological result of selected vital organs revealed that the biosurfactant and/or PLA-PEG polymeric nanoparticles can be considered as safe as no toxicological features were observed in histopathology of tissues. Hence, it can be deliberated that the biosurfactant encapsulated in PLA-PEG copolymeric nanoparticles are non toxic and can provide a safe, suitable platform for biomedical applications in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samriti Rana
- Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sector 25, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Joga Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sector-14, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Aishani Wadhawan
- Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sector 25, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Archna Khanna
- Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sector 25, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Gurpal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sector-14, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Mary Chatterjee
- Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sector 25, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Luft L, Confortin TC, Todero I, Zabot GL, Mazutti MA. An overview of fungal biopolymers: bioemulsifiers and biosurfactants compounds production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:1059-1080. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1805405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Luft
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Tássia C. Confortin
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Izelmar Todero
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Giovani L. Zabot
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria, Cachoeira do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcio A. Mazutti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Ribeiro BG, Guerra JMC, Sarubbo LA. Potential Food Application of a Biosurfactant Produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae URM 6670. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:434. [PMID: 32457894 PMCID: PMC7221129 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants have aroused considerable interest due to the possibility of acquiring useful products that are tolerant to processing techniques used in industries. Some yeasts synthesize biosurfactants that offer antioxidant activity and thermal resistance and have no risk of toxicity or pathogenicity, demonstrating potential use in food formulations. The aim of the present study was to assess the use of a biosurfactant produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae URM 6670 to replace egg yolk in a cookie formulation. The yeast was grown in a medium containing 1% waste soybean oil and 1% corn steep liquor. The biosurfactant was isolated using a novel method and was structurally characterized using FT-IR, NMR, and GC/FID. Thermal stability was determined using thermogravimetry (TG)/differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and antioxidant activity was investigated using three methods. Cytotoxicity tests were performed using the MTT assay with mouse fibroblast and macrophage lines. In the final step, the biosurfactant was incorporated into the formulation of a cookie dough replacing egg yolk. The physical properties and texture profile were analyzed before and after baking. The surface and interfacial tensions of the culture medium after the production process were 26.64 ± 0.06 and 9.12 ± 0.04 mN/m, respectively, and the biosurfactant concentration was 5.84 ± 0.17 g/L after isolation. In the structural characterization by NMR and FT-IR, the biosurfactant from S. cerevisiae exhibited a glycolipid structure, with the fatty acid profile revealing a high percentage of linoleic acid (50.58%). The thermal analysis demonstrated stability at the industrial application temperature, with the negligible loss of mass at temperatures of up to 200°C. The biosurfactant was non-toxic to the fibroblast and macrophage cell lines, with cell inhibition less than 15%. The incorporation of the biosurfactant into the cookie dough did not alter the physical or physicochemical properties of the product after baking. In the analysis of the texture profile before baking, the substitution of egg yolk with the biosurfactant did not alter the properties of firmness, cohesiveness, or elasticity compared to the standard formulation. Therefore, the biosurfactant produced by S. cerevisiae URM 6670 has potential applications in the food industry as a replacement for egg yolk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leonie Asfora Sarubbo
- Center of Sciences and Technology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Advanced Institute of Technology and Innovation, Recife, Brazil
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A Multifunctional Biosurfactant Extract Obtained from Corn Steep Water as Bactericide for Agrifood Industry. Foods 2019; 8:foods8090410. [PMID: 31547439 PMCID: PMC6769998 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase of crop production along with stricter requirements on food security have augmented the demand of new and eco-friendly bactericides. Most of the bactericides used at the moment consist of persistent organic substances, representing a risk for environmental and human health. For instance, agriculture bactericides used for crop protection includes copper-based, dithiocarbamate and amide bactericides, which are not biodegradable, resulting in the necessity of further research about the production of new active principles that attack microorganisms without producing any harmful effect on human health or environment. The biosurfactant extract evaluated in this work as a bactericide, is obtained from corn steep water, a residual stream of corn wet milling industry, which is fermented spontaneously by probiotic lactic acid bacteria that possess the capacity to produce biosurfactants. In previous works, it has been demonstrated that this biosurfactant extract is able to promote the growth of Lactobacillus casei in drinkable yogurts, though its antimicrobial activity against pathogenic strains has not been evaluated at the moment. The results obtained in this work have proved that this biosurfactant extract is effective as bactericide against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, at concentrations of 1 mg/mL, opening the door to its use in agrifood formulations for reducing the use of chemical pesticides and preservatives.
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25
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Bansal S, Singh J, Kumari U, Kaur IP, Barnwal RP, Kumar R, Singh S, Singh G, Chatterjee M. Development of biosurfactant-based graphene quantum dot conjugate as a novel and fluorescent theranostic tool for cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:809-818. [PMID: 30774335 PMCID: PMC6354693 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s188552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biosurfactants are amphipathic molecules of microbial origin that reduce surface and interfacial tension at gas-liquid-solid interfaces. Earlier, the biosurfactant was isolated and characterized in our laboratory from Candida parapsilosis. The property of the biosurfactant is further explored in this study by using quantum dots (QDs) as nanocarrier. MATERIALS AND METHODS Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were synthesized by bottom-up approach through pyrolysis of citric acid. GQDs were conjugated with both biosurfactant and folic acid (FA) using carbodiimide chemistry. The prepared GQD bioconjugate was studied for diagnostic and therapeutic effects against cancer cells. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Photoluminescence quantum yield (QY) of plain GQDs was measured as 12.8%. QY for biosurfactant conjugated GQDs and FA-biosurfactant conjugated GQDs was measured as 10.4% and 9.02%, respectively, and it was sufficient for targeting cancer cells. MTT assay showed that more than 90% of cells remained viable at concentration of 1 mg/mL, hence GQDs seemed to be non-toxic to cells. Biosurfactant conjugated GQDs caused 50% reduction in cellular viability within 24 hours. FA conjugation further increased the specificity of bioconjugated GQDs toward tumor cells, which is clearly evident from the drug internalization studies using confocal laser scanning microscopy. A higher amount of drug uptake was observed when bioconjugated GQDs were decorated with FA. CONCLUSION The ability of GQD bioconjugate could be used as a theranostic tool for cancer. It is foreseen that in near future cancer can be detected and/or treated at an early stage by utilizing biosurfactant conjugated GQDs. Therefore, the proposed study would provide a stepping stone to improve the life of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Bansal
- Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India,
| | - Joga Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India,
| | - Uma Kumari
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India,
| | | | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Suman Singh
- Department of Agronomics, Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gurpal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India,
| | - Mary Chatterjee
- Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India,
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