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Othman MAK, Melo JB, Carreira IM, Rincic M, Alhourani E, Wilhelm K, Gruhn B, Glaser A, Liehr T. MLLT10 and IL3 rearrangement together with a complex four-way translocation and trisomy 4 in a patient with early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A case report. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:625-30. [PMID: 25435396 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic classification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is primarily based on numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities. In T-cell ALL (T-ALL), chromosomal rearrangements are identified in up to 70% of the patients while the remaining patients show a normal karyotype. In the present study, a 16-year-old male was diagnosed with T-precursor cell ALL and a normal karyotype after standard GTG-banding, was studied retrospectively (>10 years after diagnosis) in frame of a research project by molecular approaches. In addition to molecular cytogenetics, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and high resolution array-comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) were also applied. Thus, the following yet unrecognized balanced chromosomal aberrations were detected: der(3)t(3;5)(p23;q31.1), der(5)t(3;5)(p23;q35.3), der(5)t(5;10)(q31.1;p12.3) and der(10)t(5;10)(q35.3;p12.3). The oncogene MLLT10 was involved in this rearrangement as was the IL3 gene; in addition, trisomy 4 was present. All of these clonal aberrations were found in 40% of the cells. Even if this complex karyotype would have been identified at the time of diagnosis, most likely no other protocol of anticancer therapy (ALL-BFM 95) would have been applied. Three months after the end of a successful 2-year treatment, the patient suffered from isolated bone marrow relapse and died of sepsis during ALL-REZ-BFM protocol treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moneeb A K Othman
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany
| | - Joana B Melo
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel M Carreira
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Martina Rincic
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany
| | - Eyad Alhourani
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany
| | - Kathleen Wilhelm
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernd Gruhn
- Department of Pediatrics (Oncology and Hematology), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Anita Glaser
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany
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Wan TSK. Cancer cytogenetics: methodology revisited. Ann Lab Med 2014; 34:413-25. [PMID: 25368816 PMCID: PMC4215412 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2014.34.6.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Philadelphia chromosome was the first genetic abnormality discovered in cancer (in 1960), and it was found to be consistently associated with CML. The description of the Philadelphia chromosome ushered in a new era in the field of cancer cytogenetics. Accumulating genetic data have been shown to be intimately associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of neoplasms; thus, karyotyping is now considered a mandatory investigation for all newly diagnosed leukemias. The development of FISH in the 1980s overcame many of the drawbacks of assessing the genetic alterations in cancer cells by karyotyping. Karyotyping of cancer cells remains the gold standard since it provides a global analysis of the abnormalities in the entire genome of a single cell. However, subsequent methodological advances in molecular cytogenetics based on the principle of FISH that were initiated in the early 1990s have greatly enhanced the efficiency and accuracy of karyotype analysis by marrying conventional cytogenetics with molecular technologies. In this review, the development, current utilization, and technical pitfalls of both the conventional and molecular cytogenetics approaches used for cancer diagnosis over the past five decades will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S. K. Wan
- Haematology Division, Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Danjoh I, Shirota R, Hiroyama T, Nakamura Y. Dominant expansion of a cryptic subclone with an abnormal karyotype in B lymphoblastoid cell lines during culture. Cytogenet Genome Res 2012; 139:88-96. [PMID: 23128794 DOI: 10.1159/000343757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although B lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCLs) are thought to maintain their original genomic structures during long-term culture, there has been considerable disagreement on the actual genomic stability of these cells. This study was initiated to determine whether B-LCLs develop cell populations with abnormal genomes during culture and to search for factors important to the maintenance of the original genome. We established continuous cultures of B-LCLs for more than 6 months and analyzed the cells using array-based comparative genome hybridization (CGH) analysis, conventional karyotyping and analysis of V(D)J recombination in the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene. We found that one B-LCL acquired an extra chromosome 4 without any other genomic rearrangements at passage 16 of continuous culture. At the Ig light- and heavy-chain loci, analysis of the major cell population showed a difference between cultures at early and later passages. Another aneuploid line was detected among B-LCLs established elsewhere and deposited previously into the RIKEN Cell Bank. Our findings indicate that some of the genomic rearrangements in B-LCLs are not caused by gradual accumulation of mutations and rearrangements during the B-LCL establishment processes, but rather as a result of a change in the cell population from clones with a normal genome to clones with de novo rearrangements. It is therefore feasible to maintain B-LCLs with a normal genomic structure by cell cloning or similar treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Danjoh
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Japan
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Abstract
SUMMARY Cytogenetic analysis is now considered a mandatory investigation in the diagnostic work-up of hematologic malignancies. Recurring structural aberrations serve as powerful markers not only for diagnosis and prognosis of these conditions, but also guide the selection of targeted drugs for personalized oncology. The FISH approach is established as an indispensable tool to complement conventional cytogenetics, in addition to basic and clinical research applications. FISH is used to identify specific chromosomal aberrations through the detection of target DNA sequences by fluorescently labeled DNA probes. Multicolor FISH analysis allows the accurate identification of recurring translocations in neoplastic cells by means of genomic probes that flank the breakpoints. This review summarizes the panel of FISH probes for selection and the current utilization of these FISH techniques in unraveling chromosomal aberrations. The niche of FISH analysis is also highlighted. Variant signal patterns of the clinically useful FISH probes for hematologic oncology illustrated here provide useful interpretative reference for molecular pathology laboratories. In addition, the recent application of FISH tests in contributing information on drug targets at the genomic level to support personalized oncology will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas SK Wan
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edmond SK Ma
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Vezzoli P, Novara F, Fanoni D, Gambini D, Balice Y, Venegoni L, Paulli M, Crosti C, Berti E. Three cases of primary cutaneous lymphoblastic lymphoma: microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization and gene expression profiling studies with review of literature. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 53:1978-87. [PMID: 21879810 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.618233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) is a neoplasm of precursor B- or T-lymphocytes, and primary skin involvement is uncommon. The aim of the study was to review all reported primary cutaneous (PC)-LBLs and to examine three new cases to better characterize this neoplasm. Two of our patients showed a pre-B phenotype (PC-B-LBL) and one a never-reported pre-T phenotype (PC-T-LBL). The patient with PC-T-LBL showed an aggressive course, while those with PC-B-LBL showed a complete remission (CR) after polychemotherapy. Cytogenetic analysis and gene expression profiling (GEP) were performed on one case of PC-B-LBL and on that of PC-T-LBL. A specimen of PC-B-LBL and two specimens (early and late stage) of PC-T-LBL were investigated by microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). All specimens revealed trisomy of chromosome 4. PC-T-LBL showed a gain of 1p36.33-p22.1 in the early stage and multiple chromosome gains/losses in the late stage. Our data suggest that trisomy 4 could be detected early in LBL and gain of 1p36.33-p22.1 could be an interesting marker in PC-T-LBL. LBL is an aggressive disease but, only in B-LBL, the cutaneous presentation seems to be a favorable prognostic factor and polychemotherapy is the best therapeutic approach. We suggest that PC-LBL should be included as a provisional clinicopathologic entity in future cutaneous lymphoma classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Vezzoli
- UO Dermatologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dipartimento di Anestesiologia, Terapia Intensiva e Scienze Dermatologiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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