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Kang HR, Han JH, Ng YC, Ryu S, Park JY, Chung WC, Song YJ, Chen ST, Brickey WJ, Ting JPY, Song MJ. Dynamic bidirectional regulation of NLRC3 and gammaherpesviruses during viral latency in B lymphocytes. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29504. [PMID: 38445794 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
While most NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are predominately expressed by innate immune cells, NLRC3, an inhibitory NLR of immune signaling, exhibits the highest expression in lymphocytes. The role of NLRC3 or any NLRs in B lymphocytes is completely unknown. Gammaherpesviruses, including human Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68), establish latent infection in B lymphocytes, which requires elevated NF-κB. This study shows that during latent EBV infection of human B cells, viral-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) decreases NLRC3 transcript. LMP1-induced-NF-κB activation suppresses the promoter activity of NLRC3 via p65 binding to the promoter. Conversely, NLRC3 inhibits NF-κB activation by promoting the degradation of LMP1 in a proteasome-dependent manner. In vivo, MHV-68 infection reduces Nlrc3 transcripts in splenocytes, and Nlrc3-deficient mice show greater viral latency than controls. These results reveal a bidirectional regulatory circuit in B lymphocytes, where viral latent protein LMP1 reduces NLRC3 expression, while NLRC3 disrupts gammaherpesvirus latency, which is an important step for tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ri Kang
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ho Han
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yee Ching Ng
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbo Ryu
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Park
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Chang Chung
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Jae Song
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, Kyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Szu-Ting Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for Translational Immunology and the Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W June Brickey
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for Translational Immunology and the Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jenny P-Y Ting
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for Translational Immunology and the Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Moon Jung Song
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Elgui De Oliveira D. Emerging insights on cancer viruses and viral cancers. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28910. [PMID: 37386899 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deilson Elgui De Oliveira
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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3
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Tang B, Wang Y, Zhu J, Song J, Fang S, Weng Q, Yang Y, Tu J, Zhao Z, Chen M, Xu M, Chen W, Ji J. TACE responser NDRG1 acts as a guardian against ferroptosis to drive tumorgenesis and metastasis in HCC. Biol Proced Online 2023; 25:13. [PMID: 37208604 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-023-00199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) varies widely between individuals. The aim of this study was to identify subtype landscapes and responser related to TACE, and further clarify the regulatory effect and corresponding mechanism of NDRG1 on HCC tumorgenesis and metastasis. METHODS The principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm was used to construct a TACE response scoring (TRscore) system. The random forest algorithm was applied to identify the TACE response-related core gene NDRG1 of HCC, and its role in the prognosis of HCC was explored. The role of NDRG1 in the progression and metastasis of HCC and functional mechanism were confirmed using several experimental methods. RESULTS Based on the GSE14520 and GSE104580 cohorts, we identified 2 TACE response-related molecular subtypes for HCC with significant differences in clinical features, and the TACE prognosis of Cluster A was significantly better than that of Cluster B (p < 0.0001). We then established the TRscore system and found that the low TRscore group showed a higher probability of survival and a lower rate of recurrence than the high TRscore group (p < 0.05) in both the HCC and TACE-treated HCC cohorts within the GSE14520 cohort. NDRG1 was determined to be the the hub gene associated with the TACE response of HCC and its high expression suggested a poor prognosis. Furthermore, The suppression of NDRG1 konckdown in tumorgenesis and metastasis of HCC was clarified in both vivo and vitro, which was importantly achieved through inducing ferroptosis in HCC cells, especially contributing to RLS3-induced ferroptosis. CONCLUSION The constructed TACE response-related molecular subtypes and TRscores can specifically and accurately predict TACE prognosis for HCC. In addition, the TACE response-related hub gene NDRG1 may act as a guardian against ferroptosis to drive tumorgenesis and metastasis in HCC, which laid a new foundation for the development of new potential targeted therapy strategies to improve disease prognosis in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bufu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, China
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Jinyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, China
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, China
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Shiji Fang
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, China
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Qiaoyou Weng
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, China
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, China
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Jianfei Tu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, China
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, China
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Minjiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, China
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, China
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Weiqian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, China.
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China.
| | - Jiansong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, China.
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China.
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Costanzo M, De Giglio MAR, Roviello GN. Deciphering the Relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097803. [PMID: 37175509 PMCID: PMC10178366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Some viruses are known to be associated with the onset of specific cancers. These microorganisms, oncogenic viruses or oncoviruses, can convert normal cells into cancer cells by modulating the central metabolic pathways or hampering genomic integrity mechanisms, consequently inhibiting the apoptotic machinery and/or enhancing cell proliferation. Seven oncogenic viruses are known to promote tumorigenesis in humans: human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV-1), Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Recent research indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 progression may predispose recovered patients to cancer onset and accelerate cancer development. This hypothesis is based on the growing evidence regarding the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to modulate oncogenic pathways, promoting chronic low-grade inflammation and causing tissue damage. Herein, we summarize the main relationships known to date between virus infection and cancer, providing a summary of the proposed biochemical mechanisms behind the cellular transformation. Mechanistically, DNA viruses (such as HPV, HBV, EBV, and MCPyV) encode their virus oncogenes. In contrast, RNA viruses (like HCV, HTLV-1) may encode oncogenes or trigger host oncogenes through cis-/-trans activation leading to different types of cancer. As for SARS-CoV-2, its role as an oncogenic virus seems to occur through the inhibition of oncosuppressors or controlling the metabolic and autophagy pathways in the infected cells. However, these effects could be significant in particular scenarios like those linked to severe COVID-19 or long COVID. On the other hand, looking at the SARS-CoV-2─cancer relationship from an opposite perspective, oncolytic effects and anti-tumor immune response were triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection in some cases. In summary, our work aims to recall comprehensive attention from the scientific community to elucidate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 and, more in general, β-coronavirus infection on cancer susceptibility for cancer prevention or supporting therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Costanzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore s.c.ar.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Nicola Roviello
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Italian National Council for Research (IBB-CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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5
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Stefańska K, Józkowiak M, Angelova Volponi A, Shibli JA, Golkar-Narenji A, Antosik P, Bukowska D, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Mozdziak P, Dzięgiel P, Podhorska-Okołów M, Zabel M, Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska M, Kempisty B. The Role of Exosomes in Human Carcinogenesis and Cancer Therapy-Recent Findings from Molecular and Clinical Research. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030356. [PMID: 36766698 PMCID: PMC9913699 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are biological nanoscale spherical lipid bilayer vesicles, 40-160 nm in diameter, produced by most mammalian cells in both physiological and pathological conditions. Exosomes are formed via the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT). The primary function of exosomes is mediating cell-to-cell communication. In terms of cancer, exosomes play important roles as mediators of intercellular communication, leading to tumor progression. Moreover, they can serve as biomarkers for cancer detection and progression. Therefore, their utilization in cancer therapies has been suggested, either as drug delivery carriers or as a diagnostic tool. However, exosomes were also reported to be involved in cancer drug resistance via transferring information of drug resistance to sensitive cells. It is important to consider the current knowledge regarding the role of exosomes in cancer, drug resistance, cancer therapies, and their clinical application in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Stefańska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
- Cellivia 3 S.A., 61-623 Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Józkowiak
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ana Angelova Volponi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Jamil Awad Shibli
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, University of Guarulhos, Guarulhos 07030-010, Brazil
| | - Afsaneh Golkar-Narenji
- Prestage Department of Poultry Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Prestage Department of Poultry Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marzenna Podhorska-Okołów
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Division of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Marta Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska
- Department of Biomaterials and Experimental Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Prestage Department of Poultry Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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6
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Li YS, Ren HC, Cao JH. Correlation of SARS‑CoV‑2 to cancer: Carcinogenic or anticancer? (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 60:42. [PMID: 35234272 PMCID: PMC8923649 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly infectious and pathogenic. Among patients with severe SARS-CoV-2-caused by corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), those complicated with malignant tumor are vulnerable to COVID-19 due to compromised immune function caused by tumor depletion, malnutrition and anti-tumor treatment. Cancer is closely related to the risk of severe illness and mortality in patients with COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 could promote tumor progression and stimulate metabolism switching in tumor cells to initiate tumor metabolic modes with higher productivity efficiency, such as glycolysis, for facilitating the massive replication of SARS-CoV-2. However, it has been shown that infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to a delay in tumor progression of patients with natural killer cell (NK cell) lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma, while SARS-CoV-2 elicited anti-tumor immune response may exert a potential oncolytic role in lymphoma patients. The present review briefly summarized potential carcinogenicity and oncolytic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 as well as strategies to protect patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Shuang Li
- Intravenous Drug Administration Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266041, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Cheng Ren
- Intravenous Drug Administration Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266041, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Cao
- Intravenous Drug Administration Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266041, P.R. China
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7
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Müller Coan BG, Cesarman E, Acencio ML, Elgui de Oliveira D. Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) from Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Strains M81 and B95.8 Modulate miRNA Expression When Expressed in Immortalized Human Nasopharyngeal Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:353. [PMID: 35205397 PMCID: PMC8871543 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous γ herpesvirus strongly associated with nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and the viral oncogenicity in part relies on cellular effects of the viral latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). It was previously described that EBV strains B95.8 and M81 differ in cell tropism and the activation of the lytic cycle. Nonetheless, it is unknown whether LMP1 from these strains have different effects when expressed in nasopharyngeal cells. Thus, herein we evaluated the effects of EBV LMP1 derived from viral strains B95.8 and M81 and expressed in immortalized nasopharyngeal cells NP69SV40T in the regulation of 91 selected cellular miRNAs. We found that cells expressing either LMP1 behave similarly in terms of NF-kB activation and cell migration. Nonetheless, the miRs 100-5p, 192-5p, and 574-3p were expressed at higher levels in cells expressing LMP1 B95.8 compared to M81. Additionally, results generated by in silico pathway enrichment analysis indicated that LMP1 M81 distinctly regulate genes involved in cell cycle (i.e., RB1), mRNA processing (i.e., NUP50), and mitochondrial biogenesis (i.e., ATF2). In conclusion, LMP1 M81 was found to distinctively regulate miRs 100-5p, 192-5p, and 574-3p, and the in silico analysis provided valuable clues to dissect the molecular effects of EBV LMP1 expressed in nasopharyngeal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara G. Müller Coan
- Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ethel Cesarman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Marcio Luis Acencio
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, L-4367 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
| | - Deilson Elgui de Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-687, Brazil
- ViriCan, Institute for Biotechnology (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18607-440, Brazil
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Niemeyer BF, Sanford B, Gibson JE, Berger JN, Oko LM, Medina E, Clambey ET, van Dyk LF. The gammaherpesvirus 68 viral cyclin facilitates expression of LANA. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010019. [PMID: 34780571 PMCID: PMC8629379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gammaherpesviruses establish life-long infections within their host and have been shown to be the causative agents of devastating malignancies. Chronic infection within the host is mediated through cycles of transcriptionally quiescent stages of latency with periods of reactivation into detectable lytic and productive infection. The mechanisms that regulate reactivation from latency remain poorly understood. Previously, we defined a critical role for the viral cyclin in promoting reactivation from latency. Disruption of the viral cyclin had no impact on the frequency of cells containing viral genome during latency, yet it remains unclear whether the viral cyclin influences latently infected cells in a qualitative manner. To define the impact of the viral cyclin on properties of latent infection, we utilized a viral cyclin deficient variant expressing a LANA-beta-lactamase fusion protein (LANA::βla), to enumerate both the cellular distribution and frequency of LANA gene expression. Disruption of the viral cyclin did not affect the cellular distribution of latently infected cells, but did result in a significant decrease in the frequency of cells that expressed LANA::βla across multiple tissues and in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient hosts. Strikingly, whereas the cyclin-deficient virus had a reactivation defect in bulk culture, sort purified cyclin-deficient LANA::βla expressing cells were fully capable of reactivation. These data emphasize that the γHV68 latent reservoir is comprised of at least two distinct stages of infection characterized by differential LANA expression, and that a primary function of the viral cyclin is to promote LANA expression during latency, a state associated with ex vivo reactivation competence. Gammaherpesviruses are ubiquitous viruses with oncogenic potential that establish latency for the life of the host. These viruses can emerge from latency through reactivation, a process that is controlled by the immune system. Control of viral latency and reactivation is thought to be critical to prevent γHV-associated disease. This study focuses on a virally-encoded cyclin that is required for reactivation from latency. By characterizing how the viral cyclin influences latent infection in pure cell populations, we find that the viral cyclin has a vital role in promoting viral gene expression during latency. This work provides new insight into the function of a virally encoded cyclin in promoting reactivation from latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian F. Niemeyer
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Bridget Sanford
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Joy E. Gibson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jennifer N. Berger
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lauren M. Oko
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Eva Medina
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Eric T. Clambey
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Linda F. van Dyk
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Identification of potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for LUAD based on TCGA and GEO databases. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228708. [PMID: 34017995 PMCID: PMC8182989 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that gene alterations play a crucial role in LUAD development, progression, and prognosis. The present study aimed to identify the hub genes associated with LUAD. In the present study, we used TCGA database to screen the hub genes. Then, we validated the results by GEO datasets. Finally, we used cBioPortal, UALCAN, qRT-PCR, HPA database, TCGA database, and Kaplan–Meier plotter database to estimate the gene mutation, gene transcription, protein expression, clinical features of hub genes in patients with LUAD. A total of 5930 DEGs were screened out in TCGA database. Enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were involved in the transcriptional misregulation in cancer, viral carcinogenesis, cAMP signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, and ECM–receptor interaction. The combining results of MCODE and CytoHubba showed that ADCY8, ADRB2, CALCA, GCG, GNGT1, and NPSR1 were hub genes. Then, we verified the above results by GSE118370, GSE136043, and GSE140797 datasets. Compared with normal lung tissues, the expression levels of ADCY8 and ADRB2 were lower in LUAD tissues, but the expression levels of CALCA, GCG, GNGT1, and NPSR1 were higher. In the prognosis analyses, the low expression of ADCY8 and ADRB2 and the high expression of CALCA, GCG, GNGT1, and NPSR1 were correlated with poor OS and poor PFS. The significant differences in the relationship of the expression of 6 hub genes and clinical features were observed. In conclusion, 6 hub genes will not only contribute to elucidating the pathogenesis of LUAD and may be potential therapeutic targets for LUAD.
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Zhang Y, Tian J, Qu C, Peng Y, Lei J, Sun L, Zong B, Liu S. A look into the link between centrosome amplification and breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110924. [PMID: 33128942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosome amplification (CA) is a common feature of human tumors, but it is not clear whether this is a cause or a consequence of cancer. The centrosome amplification observed in tumor cells may be explained by a series of events, such as failure of cell division, dysregulation of centrosome cycle checkpoints, and de novo centriole biogenesis disorder. The formation and progression of breast cancer are characterized by genomic abnormality. The centrosomes in breast cancer cells show characteristic structural aberrations, caused by centrosome amplification, which include: an increase in the number and volume of centrosomes, excessive increase of pericentriolar material (PCM), inappropriate phosphorylation of centrosomal molecular, and centrosome clustering formation induced by the dysregulation of important genes. The mechanism of intracellular centrosome amplification, the impact of which on breast cancer and the latest breast cancer target treatment options for centrosome amplification are exhaustively elaborated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Zhang
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Jiao Tian
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Chi Qu
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Jinwei Lei
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Beige Zong
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Shengchun Liu
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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11
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Pevzner AM, Tsyganov MM, Ibragimova MK, Litvyakov NV. [Viral co-infection with head and neck tumors]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2020; 85:67-72. [PMID: 32476395 DOI: 10.17116/otorino20208502167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The review is devoted to assessing the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in combination with other viral agents for head and neck tumors (HNT). HPV is recognized as an etiological factor in the development of cervical cancer, but there is evidence that it may be involved in carcinogenesis in other locations, in particular the upper respiratory tract. However, HPV is not the most important factor in tumor growth and progression. Recently, many researchers have reported the presence of concomitant co-infection, affecting tumor progression. Of all the studies analyzed, only 3 studies showed the absence or low rates of co-infection in HNT: from the Czech Republic (0%), China (0.6%) and Japan (3%). Most often, HPV infection was detected together with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) - from 12.5 to 34.1% of cases. In Russia, the prevailing combination of viral co-infection was a combination of EBV and cytomegalovirus (9.5%) and a combination of EBV and herpes simplex virus (6.7%). Thus, the degree of incidence of HPV in HNT varies greatly, and the mechanisms of coinfection are poorly understood, which raises the question of whether HPV and concomitant infection can be involved in tumor progression. This makes further research in this direction relevant and promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Pevzner
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Oncology Research Institute, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M M Tsyganov
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Oncology Research Institute, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M K Ibragimova
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Oncology Research Institute, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N V Litvyakov
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Oncology Research Institute, Tomsk, Russia
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Hildebrand JA, Fischbeck AJ, Hundsdoerfer B, Clanner-Engelshofen BM, Marsela E, Wollenberg A, Flaig M, French LE, Reinholz M. Retrospective analysis of alpha-human papillomavirus (HPV) types in tissue samples from anogenital dysplasias - introduction of the RICH (Risk of HPV-related Carcinoma in HIV +/- patients) score. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 34:377-384. [PMID: 31494974 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic viral infections caused by highly contagious human papillomaviruses (HPVs) from the alpha genus are a substantial risk factor for tumour diseases. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to compare the HPV infection pattern with histology in a patient group of immunocompromised HIV+ and non-immunocompromised patients with anal intraepithelial neoplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue samples (n = 210) from the anogenital area of 121 patients underwent retrospective histological and molecular examination for HPV DNA prevalence by chip analysis. The study was part of a cancer screening from the Dermatology Department of the LMU Munich, Germany. All data were collected and processed anonymously. RESULTS HPV 6 or 11 are more abundant in tissue samples from histologically diagnosed condylomata acuminata (47.7%) compared to grade 1, 2, and 3 intraepithelial neoplasias (IN 1-3). Detection of high-risk (hr) alpha-HPV DNA was significantly higher in tissue samples from IN 3 (67.5%) compared to IN 1 and 2 (12.9%), and compared to condylomata acuminata (29.5%). No HPV types were detected in histologically unremarkable tissue samples. There was a significant association between the prevalence of HPV 16 and the classifications IN 1 to IN 3 (χ2 (2) = 13.62, P = 0.001). We identified a significant correlation between the prevalence of high-risk and low-risk (lr) HPV types and HIV, especially mixed infections of different HPV types correlated with high-grade IN. Based on the present data, we suggest the risk of carcinoma in HIV+/- patients (RICH) score and test it in the 121 patients. CONCLUSIONS hr alpha-HPVs, mainly HPV 16, are associated with increased oncogenic potential of premalignant lesions (IN 1-3), especially in HIV+ patients. Based on the combination of HIV/HPV-testing and histological analysis, we identified correlations that could potentially forecast the risk of malignant transformation and summarized them in the form of RICH score.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hildebrand
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - A J Fischbeck
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - B Hundsdoerfer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - B M Clanner-Engelshofen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - E Marsela
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - A Wollenberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - M Flaig
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - L E French
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - M Reinholz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
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Young JM, Zine El Abidine A, Gómez-Martinez RA, Ozbun MA. The Known and Potential Intersections of Rab-GTPases in Human Papillomavirus Infections. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:139. [PMID: 31475144 PMCID: PMC6702953 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) were the first viruses recognized to cause tumors and cancers in mammalian hosts by Shope, nearly a century ago (Shope and Hurst, 1933). Over 40 years ago, zur Hausen (1976) first proposed that human papillomaviruses (HPVs) played a role in cervical cancer; in 2008, he shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his abundant contributions demonstrating the etiology of HPVs in genital cancers. Despite effective vaccines and screening, HPV infection and morbidity remain a significant worldwide burden, with HPV infections and HPV-related cancers expected increase through 2040. Although HPVs have long-recognized roles in tumorigenesis and cancers, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which these viruses interact with cells and usurp cellular processes to initiate infections and produce progeny virions is limited. This is due to longstanding challenges in both obtaining well-characterized infectious virus stocks and modeling tissue-based infection and the replicative cycles in vitro. In the last 20 years, the development of methods to produce virus-like particles (VLPs) and pseudovirions (PsV) along with more physiologically relevant cell- and tissue-based models has facilitated progress in this area. However, many questions regarding HPV infection remain difficult to address experimentally and are, thus, unanswered. Although an obligatory cellular uptake receptor has yet to be identified for any PV species, Rab-GTPases contribute to HPV uptake and transport of viral genomes toward the nucleus. Here, we provide a general overview of the current HPV infection paradigm, the epithelial differentiation-dependent HPV replicative cycle, and review the specifics of how HPVs usurp Rab-related functions during infectious entry. We also suggest other potential interactions based on how HPVs alter cellular activities to complete their replicative-cycle in differentiating epithelium. Understanding how HPVs interface with Rab functions during their complex replicative cycle may provide insight for the development of therapeutic interventions, as current viral counter-measures are solely prophylactic and therapies for HPV-positive individuals remain archaic and limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse M. Young
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Amira Zine El Abidine
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Ricardo A. Gómez-Martinez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Michelle A. Ozbun
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Chen F, Li Z, Zhou H. Identification of prognostic miRNA biomarkers for predicting overall survival of colon adenocarcinoma and bioinformatics analysis: A study based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9839-9849. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Zhe Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospatial of Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi China
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15
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Chen L, Zhang YH, Pan X, Liu M, Wang S, Huang T, Cai YD. Tissue Expression Difference between mRNAs and lncRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113416. [PMID: 30384456 PMCID: PMC6274976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) are two main subgroups of RNAs participating in transcription regulation. With the development of next generation sequencing, increasing lncRNAs are identified. Many hidden functions of lncRNAs are also revealed. However, the differences in lncRNAs and mRNAs are still unclear. For example, we need to determine whether lncRNAs have stronger tissue specificity than mRNAs and which tissues have more lncRNAs expressed. To investigate such tissue expression difference between mRNAs and lncRNAs, we encoded 9339 lncRNAs and 14,294 mRNAs with 71 expression features, including 69 maximum expression features for 69 types of cells, one feature for the maximum expression in all cells, and one expression specificity feature that was measured as Chao-Shen-corrected Shannon's entropy. With advanced feature selection methods, such as maximum relevance minimum redundancy, incremental feature selection methods, and random forest algorithm, 13 features presented the dissimilarity of lncRNAs and mRNAs. The 11 cell subtype features indicated which cell types of the lncRNAs and mRNAs had the largest expression difference. Such cell subtypes may be the potential cell models for lncRNA identification and function investigation. The expression specificity feature suggested that the cell types to express mRNAs and lncRNAs were different. The maximum expression feature suggested that the maximum expression levels of mRNAs and lncRNAs were different. In addition, the rule learning algorithm, repeated incremental pruning to produce error reduction algorithm, was also employed to produce effective classification rules for classifying lncRNAs and mRNAs, which gave competitive results compared with random forest and could give a clearer picture of different expression patterns between lncRNAs and mRNAs. Results not only revealed the heterogeneous expression pattern of lncRNA and mRNA, but also gave rise to the development of a new tool to identify the potential biological functions of such RNA subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of PMMP, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Yu-Hang Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Pan
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Min Liu
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Müller-Coan BG, Caetano BFR, Pagano JS, Elgui de Oliveira D. Cancer Progression Goes Viral: The Role of Oncoviruses in Aggressiveness of Malignancies. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:485-498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Khanizadeh S, Hasanvand B, Esmaeil Lashgarian H, Almasian M, Goudarzi G. Interaction of viral oncogenic proteins with the Wnt signaling pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 21:651-659. [PMID: 30140402 PMCID: PMC6098952 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.28903.6982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that up to 20% of all types of human cancers worldwide are attributed to viruses. The genome of oncogenic viruses carries genes that have protein products that act as oncoproteins in cell proliferation and transformation. The modulation of cell cycle control mechanisms, cellular regulatory and signaling pathways by oncogenic viruses, plays an important role in viral carcinogenesis. Different signaling pathways play a part in the carcinogenesis that occurs in a cell. Among these pathways, the Wnt signaling pathway plays a predominant role in carcinogenesis and is known as a central cellular pathway in the development of tumors. There are three Wnt signaling pathways that are well identified, including the canonical or Wnt/β-catenin dependent pathway, the noncanonical or β-catenin-independent planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, and the noncanonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway. Most of the oncogenic viruses modulate the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. This review discusses the interaction between proteins of several human oncogenic viruses with the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyad Khanizadeh
- Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Hasanvand
- Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Almasian
- Department of English Language, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Analysis of microbial sequences in plasma cell-free DNA for early-onset breast cancer patients and healthy females. BMC Med Genomics 2018; 11:16. [PMID: 29504912 PMCID: PMC5836824 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell-free circulating DNA (cfDNA) is becoming a useful biopsy for noninvasive diagnosis of diseases. Microbial sequences in plasma cfDNA may provide important information to improve prognosis and treatment. We have developed a stringent method to identify microbial species via microbial cfDNA in the blood plasma of early-onset breast cancer (EOBC) patients and healthy females. Empirically, microbe-originated sequence reads were identified by mapping non-human PE reads in cfDNA libraries to microbial databases. Those mapped concordantly to unique microbial species were assembled into contigs, which were subsequently aligned to the same databases. Microbial species uniquely aligned were identified and compared across all individuals on MCRPM (Microbial CfDNA Reads Per Million quality PE reads) basis. Results The predominant microbial cfDNAs in all plasma samples examined are originated from bacteria and these bacteria were limited to only a few genera. Among those, Acinetobacter johnsonii XBB1 and low levels of Mycobacterium spp. were commonly found in all healthy females, but also present in an EOBC patient. Compared to those in healthy counterparts, bacterial species in EOBC patients are more diverse and more likely to present at high levels. Among these three EOBC patients tested, a patient who has record high titer (2,724 MCRPM) of Pseudomonas mendocina together with 8.82 MCRPM of Pannonibacter phragmitetus has passed away; another patient infected by multiple Sphingomonas species remains alive; while the third patient who has similar microbial species (Acinetobacter johnsonii XBB1) commonly seen in normal controls is having a normal life. Conclusions Our preliminary data on the profiles of microbial cfDNA sequences suggested that it may have some prognostic value in cancer patients. Validation in larger number of patients is warranted.
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Jiang X, Hu S, Liu Q, Qian C, Liu Z, Luo D. Exosomal microRNA remodels the tumor microenvironment. PeerJ 2017; 5:e4196. [PMID: 29302403 PMCID: PMC5742520 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor occurrence, progression and metastasis depend on the crosstalk between tumor cells and stromal cells and on extrinsic factors outside the tumor microenvironment. Exosomal microRNA (miRNA) not only is involved in communications within the tumor microenvironment but also mediates communications between the extrinsic environment and tumor microenvironment. However, most reviews have been limited to the role of endogenous exosomal miRNA in remodeling the tumor microenvironment. Hence, we herein review the role of endogenous exosomal miRNA in mediating intercellular crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment, inducing the formation of the premetastatic niche. To place our vision outside the microenvironment, we also summarize for the first time the most recent studies regarding how exogenous miRNA derived from milk, plants and microbes influences the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, to improve the value of exosomal miRNA in cancer research and clinical applications, we also provide some novel ideas for future research based on the comprehensive role of exosomal miRNA in remodeling the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Hu
- Queen Mary School, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Qian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Daya Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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20
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El-Naby NEH, Hassan Mohamed H, Mohamed Goda A, El Sayed Mohamed A. Epstein-Barr virus infection and breast invasive ductal carcinoma in Egyptian women: A single center experience. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2017; 29:77-82. [PMID: 28462850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnci.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A controversy of the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in breast carcinomas has been reported in the literature. OBJECTIVES We carried on this research to explore possible association between EBV infection and breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in Egyptian women attending our center. STUDY DESIGN This study carried out at Sohag university hospital on 84 paraffin embedded samples of breast tissue, of them 42 breast IDC as the case group and 42 breast fibroadenomas as the control group. Nested PCRand immunohistochemistry (IHC) done separately for all samples to identify the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) gene and EBV latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) respectively, in breast cancer cells and controls. RESULTS Specimen considered positive when both (EBNA-1) gene and LMP-1 were detected using PCR and IHC separately for the same sample, this was achieved by 10/42 (23.81%) of breast IDC (case group) and 6/42 (14.29%) of breast fibro-adenomas (control group) (P-value=0.4). Nodal involvement was the only parameter that demonstrated a significant statistical relationship with EBV presence in cancerous tissue with p-value=0.003. CONCLUSION Our research could not find a significant statistical association between EBV infection and breast IDC in Egyptian women attending our center, but, there might be an association between the existence of EBV and tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hameda Hassan Mohamed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa Mohamed Goda
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed El Sayed Mohamed
- Department of Clinical and Radiation Oncology, Sohag University, Faculty of Medicine, Egypt.
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21
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Jha HC, Sun Z, Upadhyay SK, El-Naccache DW, Singh RK, Sahu SK, Robertson ES. KSHV-Mediated Regulation of Par3 and SNAIL Contributes to B-Cell Proliferation. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005801. [PMID: 27463802 PMCID: PMC4963126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested that Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and transformation is an important step in progression to cancer. Par3 (partitioning-defective protein) is a crucial factor in regulating epithelial cell polarity. However, the mechanism by which the latency associated nuclear antigen (LANA) encoded by Kaposi's Sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) regulates Par3 and EMTs markers (Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition) during viral-mediated B-cell oncogenesis has not been fully explored. Moreover, several studies have demonstrated a crucial role for EMT markers during B-cell malignancies. In this study, we demonstrate that Par3 is significantly up-regulated in KSHV-infected primary B-cells. Further, Par3 interacted with LANA in KSHV positive and LANA expressing cells which led to translocation of Par3 from the cell periphery to a predominantly nuclear signal. Par3 knockdown led to reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptotic induction. Levels of SNAIL was elevated, and E-cadherin was reduced in the presence of LANA or Par3. Interestingly, KSHV infection in primary B-cells led to enhancement of SNAIL and down-regulation of E-cadherin in a temporal manner. Importantly, knockdown of SNAIL, a major EMT regulator, in KSHV cells resulted in reduced expression of LANA, Par3, and enhanced E-cadherin. Also, SNAIL bound to the promoter region of p21 and can regulate its activity. Further a SNAIL inhibitor diminished NF-kB signaling through upregulation of Caspase3 in KSHV positive cells in vitro. This was also supported by upregulation of SNAIL and Par3 in BC-3 transplanted NOD-SCID mice which has potential as a therapeutic target for KSHV-associated B-cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem C. Jha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, and Tumor Virology Program and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zhiguo Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, and Tumor Virology Program and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Santosh K. Upadhyay
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, and Tumor Virology Program and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Darine W. El-Naccache
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, and Tumor Virology Program and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rajnish K. Singh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, and Tumor Virology Program and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sushil K. Sahu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, and Tumor Virology Program and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Erle S. Robertson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, and Tumor Virology Program and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chen X, Bode AM, Dong Z, Cao Y. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is regulated by oncoviruses in cancer. FASEB J 2016; 30:3001-10. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600388r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and InvasionChinese Ministry of EducationXiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
- Cancer Research InstituteXiangya School of MedicineCentral South University Changsha China
- Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisChinese Ministry of Health Changsha China
- Hunan Cancer Hospital Changsha China
| | - Ann M. Bode
- The Hormel InstituteUniversity of Minnesota Austin Minnesota USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel InstituteUniversity of Minnesota Austin Minnesota USA
| | - Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and InvasionChinese Ministry of EducationXiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
- Cancer Research InstituteXiangya School of MedicineCentral South University Changsha China
- Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisChinese Ministry of Health Changsha China
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Mehrabani-Khasraghi S, Ameli M, Khalily F. Analysis of colorectal cancer and polyp for presence herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus DNA sequences by polymerase chain reaction. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL RESEARCH IN CLINICAL MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.15171/jarcm.2016.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Mehrabani-Khasraghi S, Ameli M, Khalily F. Demonstration of Herpes Simplex Virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr Virus in Colorectal Cancer. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 20:302-6. [PMID: 26975327 PMCID: PMC5075144 DOI: 10.22045/ibj.2016.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: The present study sought to investigate molecular evidence for association between the presence of herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in CRC and colorectal polyp by using the PCR method in Iran. Methods: In this analytical case-control study, we selected 15 patients with CRC, 20 patients with colorectal polyp, and 35 patients without malignancy as controls. After DNA extraction, PCR was used to determine HSV, CMV, and EBV genome by specific primers. Statistical analysis was performed using χ2 tests. Results: Our findings demonstrated that there is no direct molecular evidence to support the association between HSV, CMV, and EBV and human colorectal malignancies. Conclusion: The results from this study do not exclude a possible oncogenic role of these viruses in neoplastic development of colon cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitra Ameli
- Department of Medicine, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Farzad Khalily
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Karaj University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Alborz, Iran
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Elgui de Oliveira D, Müller-Coan BG, Pagano JS. Viral Carcinogenesis Beyond Malignant Transformation: EBV in the Progression of Human Cancers. Trends Microbiol 2016; 24:649-664. [PMID: 27068530 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression begins when malignant cells colonize adjacent sites, and it is characterized by increasing tumor heterogeneity, invasion and dissemination of cancer cells. Clinically, progression is the most relevant stage in the natural history of cancers. A given virus is usually regarded as oncogenic because of its ability to induce malignant transformation of cells. Nonetheless, oncogenic viruses may also be important for the progression of infection-associated cancers. Recently this hypothesis has been addressed because of studies on the contribution of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to the aggressiveness of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Several EBV products modulate cancer progression phenomena, such as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell motility, invasiveness, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In this regard, there are compelling data about the effects of EBV latent membrane proteins (LMPs) and EBV nuclear antigens (EBNAs), as well as nontranslated viral RNAs, such as the EBV-encoded small nonpolyadenylated RNAs (EBERs) and viral microRNAs, notably EBV miR-BARTs. The available data on the mechanisms and players involved in the contribution of EBV infection to the aggressiveness of NPC are discussed in this review. Overall, this conceptual framework may be valuable for the understanding of the contribution of some infectious agents in the progression of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deilson Elgui de Oliveira
- Viral Carcinogenesis and Cancer Biology Research Group (ViriCan) at Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil; Pathology Department at Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil.
| | - Bárbara G Müller-Coan
- Viral Carcinogenesis and Cancer Biology Research Group (ViriCan) at Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
| | - Joseph S Pagano
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Shi Y, Peng SL, Yang LF, Chen X, Tao YG, Cao Y. Co-infection of Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus in human tumorigenesis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2016; 35:16. [PMID: 26801987 PMCID: PMC4724123 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-016-0079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections contribute to approximately 12% of cancers worldwide, with the vast majority occurring in developing countries and areas. Two DNA viruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV), are associated with 38% of all virus-associated cancers. The probability of one patient infected with these two distinct types of viruses is increasing. Here, we summarize the co-infection of EBV and HPV in human malignancies and address the possible mechanisms for the co-infection of EBV and HPV during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Song-Ling Peng
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Fang Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Xue Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Yong-Guang Tao
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Ya Cao
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
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Gupta S, Gupta S. Role of human papillomavirus in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders: A review of the literature. Indian J Dent 2015; 6:91-8. [PMID: 26097339 PMCID: PMC4455162 DOI: 10.4103/0975-962x.155877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are epitheliotropic viruses with an affinity for keratinocytes and are principally found in the anogenital tract, urethra, skin, larynx, tracheobronchial and oral mucosa. On the basis of high, but variable frequency of HPV in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), malignant potential of HPV infection has been hypothesized but not definitely confirmed. The aim of this review was to highlight the genomic structure and possible mechanism of infection and carcinogenesis by HPV in the oral mucosa and to review the frequency of HPV prevalence in OSCC and oral potentially malignant disorders. A computer database search was performed through the use of PubMed from 1994 to 2014. Search keywords used were: HPV and oral cancer, HPV and oral leukoplakia, HPV and oral lichen planus, HPV and OSCC, HPV and verrucous carcinoma, HPV and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, HPV and oral papilloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gupta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunita Gupta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Ferraz da Silva AP, Giron LB, Ramos da Silva S, Naime Barbosa A, Almeida RAMDB, Elgui de Oliveira D. Human gammaherpesviruses viraemia in HIV infected patients. J Clin Pathol 2015; 68:726-32. [PMID: 25979989 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are consistently associated with lymphoproliferative diseases and cancers in humans, notably in patients with HIV. AIMS Our aim was to evaluate whether EBV and/or KSHV viral loads regularly assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) correlate with clinical or laboratorial parameters retrieved for patients living with HIV. METHODS This was a longitudinal study with a cohort of 157 HIV positive patients attending an academic HIV outpatient clinic in São Paulo State, Brazil. For each patient, up to four blood samples were collected over a 1 year clinical follow-up: on enrolment into the study, and after 4, 8 and 12 months. Total DNA was extracted from PBMC, and EBV and KSHV viral loads were assessed by real time quantitative PCR. RESULTS Higher viral loads for EBV were significantly associated with high HIV viraemia, a greater number of circulating T CD8+ cells and lack of virological response to the antiretroviral treatment. KSHV viral load was undetectable in virtually all samples. CONCLUSIONS EBV viral load in PBMC correlated with the number of circulating T CD8+ lymphocytes and the response to the antiretroviral therapy in HIV infected patients. In contrast, KSHV was undetectable in PBMC, presumably an effect of the antiretroviral treatment. Therefore, either KSHV infection in the population studied was absent or viral load in PBMC was beyond the analytical limit of the assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Ferraz da Silva
- Pathology Department at Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Leila Bertoni Giron
- Pathology Department at Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Suzane Ramos da Silva
- Pathology Department at Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Naime Barbosa
- Tropical Diseases and Diagnostic Imaging Department at Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Deilson Elgui de Oliveira
- Pathology Department at Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Li YX, Zhang L, Simayi D, Zhang N, Tao L, Yang L, Zhao J, Chen YZ, Li F, Zhang WJ. Human papillomavirus infection correlates with inflammatory Stat3 signaling activity and IL-17 level in patients with colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118391. [PMID: 25706309 PMCID: PMC4338045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major burden of public health and healthcare worldwide. Microbiota has been suggested in promoting chronic inflammation in the intestine which, in turn, promotes tumor development. This study focuses on possible correlations of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with proinflammatory Stat3 signaling activities and the resulting levels of its downstream proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 in CRC patients. Methods HPV was examined using HPV Genotyping Chip technology and constitutively active Stat3 (p-Stat3) and IL-17 levels were tested using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in paraffin-embedded cancerous and adjacent normal tissues (ANT) from a cohort of 95 CRC patients. Correlation analyses were performed between HPV infection and clinicopathological characteristics, Stat3 activities and IL-17 levels among these CRC patients. Results Three major findings were observed: (1) HPV infection existed in a high rate of CRC cases (48.4%, 46/95), of which 45 cases (45/46, 97.8%) were high-risk HPV16-positive and only one case was HPV53-positive. (2) HPV infection correlated with poorer clinical stages (III+IV) of CRC. (3) HPV infection strongly correlated with both constitutively higher Stat3 activities (P<0.01) and higher IL-17 levels (P<0.01) only in CRC tissues but not in ANT tissues. Conclusions HPV infection is common in CRC patients suggesting potentially preventive effectiveness of HPV vaccination among high-risk young individuals. We have for the first time revealed a tri-lateral relationship among HPV infection, constitutive Stat3 activity and IL-17 level, whose collaborative act may orchestrate a proinflammatory microenvironment in the colorectum that, in turn, may promote carcinogenesis and possibly facilitate progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xin Li
- Department of Pathology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Changzhou Children’s Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dilixia Simayi
- Department of Pathology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Pathology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Pathology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pathology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Pathology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yun Zhao Chen
- Department of Pathology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wen Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- * E-mail:
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Lack of association between human papillomavirus infection and colorectal cancer. GASTROENTEROLOGY REVIEW 2014; 9:280-4. [PMID: 25396002 PMCID: PMC4223116 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2014.46163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with nearly one million new cases identified annually. Different factors might cause colorectal cancer, one of the most prevalent cancers among both men and women. Viral aetiology in cancerous malignancies is a very important issue and so far a number of viral strains have been identified as tumour oncogene viruses. Viral infections, such as human papillomavirus (HPV), have recently been suggested as a risk factor for colorectal cancer. However, the aetiology of the disease is still unknown. Aim To assessed the association between HPV infection and colorectal cancer. Material and methods In this study, 50 cancer tissue samples and 50 samples without colon cancer were studied in order to identify HPV through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of 42 adenocarcinomas, 10 were well differentiated, 30 moderated differentiated, and 2 were poorly differentiated. DNA extraction was verified by beta globin gene amplification; specific PCR was carried out based on HPV L1 consensus primers MY09/MY11. Results HPV DNA was not identified in any of the normal, adenocarcinoma, or adenoma samples. Conclusions In contrast with previous studies, the current research failed to establish a relationship between HPV infection and the incidence of colon cancer. Considering the existing inconsistencies, it is recommended that further studies be conducted with larger sample size.
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Chen H, Chen XZ, Waterboer T, Castro FA, Brenner H. Viral infections and colorectal cancer: a systematic review of epidemiological studies. Int J Cancer 2014; 137:12-24. [PMID: 25186851 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have found the presence of viral DNA in colorectal tumor tissues. However, whether viral infections contribute to the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is still under debate. We aimed to provide an overview of published epidemiological studies on the association between viral infections and CRC. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed to find relevant studies published until 8 May 2014. Information collected included study population, sample type, laboratory method and prevalence of viral infection in cancer or precancer patients and controls. We found 41 studies that fulfilled the selection criteria, all of which had cross-sectional or case-control designs, and most of which were of small to moderate size. Viral infections included human papillomaviruses (HPV), human polyomaviruses, human herpesviruses, human bocavirus and Inoue-Melnick virus. Inconsistent results were observed across studies. Many studies reported higher viral DNA prevalence in tumor tissues than in normal noncancerous tissues either in the same patients or in CRC-free controls. However, potential contamination or temporal sequence of the infection and cancer development were often unclear. Seroprevalence studies assessing antibody titers indicative of viral infections did not find statistically significant differences between CRC cases and healthy controls. Overall published evidence on the role of viral infections in CRC etiology remains limited. Given the potential importance of viral infections and their implication for prevention, there is a strong need for large, methodologically rigorous epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Chen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Tissue architecture, feedback regulation, and resilience to viral infection. J Theor Biol 2014; 340:131-8. [PMID: 24056215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis is one of the central requirements for the existence of multicellular organisms, and is maintained by complex feedback regulatory processes. Homeostasis can be disturbed by diseases such as viruses and tumors. Here, we use mathematical models to investigate how tissue architecture influences the ability to maintain tissue homeostasis during viral infections. In particular, two different tissue designs are considered. In the first scenario, stem cells secrete negative feedback factors that influence the balance between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. In the second scenario, those feedback factors are not produced by stem cells but by differentiated cells. The model shows a tradeoff. If feedback factors are produced by stem cells, then a viral infection will lead to a significant reduction in the number of differentiated cells leading to tissue pathology, but the number of stem cells is not affected at equilibrium. In contrast, if the feedback factors are produced by differentiated cells, a viral infection never reduces the number of tissue cells at equilibrium because the feedback mechanism compensates for virus-induced cells death. The number of stem cells, however, becomes elevated, which could increase the chance of these stem cells to accumulate mutations that can drive cancer. Interestingly, if the virus interferes with feedback factor production by cells, uncontrolled growth can occur in the presence of the virus even in the absence of genetic lesions in cells. Hence, the optimal design would be to produce feedback factors by both stem and differentiated cells in quantities that strike a balance between protecting against tissue destruction and stem cell elevation during infection.
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Sensitive detection of viral transcripts in human tumor transcriptomes. PLoS Comput Biol 2013; 9:e1003228. [PMID: 24098097 PMCID: PMC3789765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In excess of % of human cancer incidents have a viral cofactor. Epidemiological studies of idiopathic human cancers indicate that additional tumor viruses remain to be discovered. Recent advances in sequencing technology have enabled systematic screenings of human tumor transcriptomes for viral transcripts. However, technical problems such as low abundances of viral transcripts in large volumes of sequencing data, viral sequence divergence, and homology between viral and human factors significantly confound identification of tumor viruses. We have developed a novel computational approach for detecting viral transcripts in human cancers that takes the aforementioned confounding factors into account and is applicable to a wide variety of viruses and tumors. We apply the approach to conducting the first systematic search for viruses in neuroblastoma, the most common cancer in infancy. The diverse clinical progression of this disease as well as related epidemiological and virological findings are highly suggestive of a pathogenic cofactor. However, a viral etiology of neuroblastoma is currently contested. We mapped transcriptomes of neuroblastoma as well as positive and negative controls to the human and all known viral genomes in order to detect both known and unknown viruses. Analysis of controls, comparisons with related methods, and statistical estimates demonstrate the high sensitivity of our approach. Detailed investigation of putative viral transcripts within neuroblastoma samples did not provide evidence for the existence of any known human viruses. Likewise, de-novo assembly and analysis of chimeric transcripts did not result in expression signatures associated with novel human pathogens. While confounding factors such as sample dilution or viral clearance in progressed tumors may mask viral cofactors in the data, in principle, this is rendered less likely by the high sensitivity of our approach and the number of biological replicates analyzed. Therefore, our results suggest that frequent viral cofactors of metastatic neuroblastoma are unlikely. Many human cancers are caused by infections with tumor viruses and identification of these pathogens is considered a critical contribution to cancer prevention. Deep sequencing enables us to systematically investigate viral nucleotide signatures in order to either verify or exclude the existence of viruses in idiopathic human cancers. We have developed Virana, a novel computational approach for identifying tumor viruses in human cancers that is applicable to a wide variety of tumors and viruses. Virana firstly addresses several important biological confounding factors that may hinder successful detection of these pathogens. We applied our approach in the first systematic search for cancer-causing viruses in metastatic neuroblastoma, the most common form of cancer in infancy. Although the heterogeneous clinical progression of this disease as well as epidemiological and virological findings are suggestive of a pathogenic cofactor, the viral etiology of neuroblastoma is currently contested. We conducted an analysis of experimental controls, comparisons with related approaches, as well as statistical analyses in order to validate our method. In spite of the high sensitivity of our approach, analyses of neuroblastoma transcriptomes did not provide evidence for the existence of any known or unknown human viruses. Our results therefore suggest that frequent viral cofactors of metastatic neuroblastoma are unlikely.
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Cornall AM, Roberts JM, Garland SM, Hillman RJ, Grulich AE, Tabrizi SN. Anal and perianal squamous carcinomas and high-grade intraepithelial lesions exclusively associated with “low-risk” HPV genotypes 6 and 11. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:2253-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard J. Hillman
- The Western Sydney Sexual Health Centre; University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital; Westmead; NSW; Australia
| | - Andrew E. Grulich
- HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Program; The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales; Sydney; NSW; Australia
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Wang RYL, Kuo RL, Ma WC, Huang HI, Yu JS, Yen SM, Huang CR, Shih SR. Heat shock protein-90-beta facilitates enterovirus 71 viral particles assembly. Virology 2013; 443:236-47. [PMID: 23711381 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are reported to be crucial for virus propagation, but are not yet addressed in Human Enterovirus 71 (EV71). Here we describe the specific association of heat shock protein-90-beta (Hsp90β), but not alpha form (Hsp90α), with EV71 viral particles by the co-purification with virions using sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, and by the colocalization with viral particles, as assessed by immunogold electron microscopy. The reduction of the Hsp90β protein using RNA interference decreased the correct assembly of viral particles, without affecting EV71 replication levels. Tracking ectopically expressed Hsp90β protein associated with EV71 virions revealed that Hsp90β protein was transmitted to new host cells through its direct association with infectious viral particles. Our findings suggest a new antiviral strategy in which extracellular Hsp90β protein is targeted to decrease the infectivity of EV71 and other enteroviruses, without affecting the broader functions of this constitutively expressed molecular chaperone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Y L Wang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan.
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Findri-Guštek Š, Petek MJ, Sarajlija H, Mršić G, Džepina AM, Oreščanin V. The correlation of the lifestyle and medical conditions with the vaginal infections and production of 2-phenylethanol. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 286:671-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-012-2346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ueda K, Ohsaki E, Nakano K, Zheng X. Characterization of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Related Lymphomas by DNA Microarray Analysis. LEUKEMIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2011; 2011:726964. [PMID: 23213546 PMCID: PMC3504204 DOI: 10.4061/2011/726964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Among herpesviruses, γ-herpesviruses are supposed to have typical oncogenic activities. Two human γ-herpesviruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), are putative etiologic agents for Burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and some cases of gastric cancers, and Kaposi's sarcoma, multicentric Castleman's disease, and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) especially in AIDS setting for the latter case, respectively. Since such two viruses mentioned above are highly species specific, it has been quite difficult to prove their oncogenic activities in animal models. Nevertheless, the viral oncogenesis is epidemiologically and/or in vitro experimentally evident. This time, we investigated gene expression profiles of KSHV-oriented lymphoma cell lines, EBV-oriented lymphoma cell lines, and T-cell leukemia cell lines. Both KSHV and EBV cause a B-cell-originated lymphoma, but the gene expression profiles were typically classified. Furthermore, KSHV could govern gene expression profiles, although PELs are usually coinfected with KSHV and EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Ueda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Ines Manci L, Carrascal E, Mario Tama O, Garcia F, Vaccarella S, Gheit T, Tommasino M. Role of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Upper Aerodigestive Tracts in Colombian Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijcr.2011.222.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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39
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Ramos da Silva S, Elgui de Oliveira D. HIV, EBV and KSHV: Viral cooperation in the pathogenesis of human malignancies. Cancer Lett 2011; 305:175-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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40
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41
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Poreba E, Broniarczyk JK, Gozdzicka-Jozefiak A. Epigenetic mechanisms in virus-induced tumorigenesis. Clin Epigenetics 2011; 2:233-47. [PMID: 22704339 PMCID: PMC3365383 DOI: 10.1007/s13148-011-0026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
About 15–20% of human cancers worldwide have viral etiology. Emerging data clearly indicate that several human DNA and RNA viruses, such as human papillomavirus, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human T-cell lymphotropic virus, contribute to cancer development. Human tumor-associated viruses have evolved multiple molecular mechanisms to disrupt specific cellular pathways to facilitate aberrant replication. Although oncogenic viruses belong to different families, their strategies in human cancer development show many similarities and involve viral-encoded oncoproteins targeting the key cellular proteins that regulate cell growth. Recent studies show that virus and host interactions also occur at the epigenetic level. In this review, we summarize the published information related to the interactions between viral proteins and epigenetic machinery which lead to alterations in the epigenetic landscape of the cell contributing to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Poreba
- Department of Molecular Virology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
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42
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Feller L, Wood NH, Khammissa RAG, Lemmer J. Human papillomavirus-mediated carcinogenesis and HPV-associated oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Part 1: human papillomavirus-mediated carcinogenesis. Head Face Med 2010; 6:14. [PMID: 20633287 PMCID: PMC2912877 DOI: 10.1186/1746-160x-6-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 oncoproteins are essential factors for HPV-induced carcinogenesis, and for the maintenance of the consequent neoplastic growth. Cellular transformation is achieved by complex interaction of these oncogenes with several cellular factors of cell cycle regulation including p53, Rb, cyclin-CDK complexes, p21 and p27. Both persistent infection with high-risk HPV genotypes and immune dysregulation are associated with increased risk of HPV-induced squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liviu Feller
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, South Africa.
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43
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Jalouli J, Ibrahim SO, Sapkota D, Jalouli MM, Vasstrand EN, Hirsch JM, Larsson PA. Presence of human papilloma virus, herpes simplex virus and Epstein-Barr virus DNA in oral biopsies from Sudanese patients with regard to toombak use. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39:599-604. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00910.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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44
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NF-κB signaling modulation by EBV and KSHV. Trends Microbiol 2010; 18:248-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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45
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Bergonzini V, Salata C, Calistri A, Parolin C, Palù G. View and review on viral oncology research. Infect Agent Cancer 2010; 5:11. [PMID: 20497566 PMCID: PMC2881002 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-5-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, almost one and a half million cases of cancer are diagnosed every year in the US and nearly 560,000 Americans are expected to die of cancer in the current year, more than 1,500 people a day (data from the American Cancer Society at http://www.cancer.org/). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), roughly 20% of all cancers worldwide results from chronic infections; in particular, up to 15% of human cancers is characterized by a viral aetiology with higher incidence in Developing Countries. The link between viruses and cancer was one of the pivotal discoveries in cancer research during the past Century. Indeed, the infectious nature of specific tumors has important implications in terms of their prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. In the 21st Century, the research on viral oncology field continues to be vigorous, with new significant and original studies on viral oncogenesis and translational research from basic virology to treatment of cancer. This review will cover different viral oncology aspects, starting from the history of viral oncology and moving to the peculiar features of oncogenic RNA and DNA viruses, with a special focus on human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bergonzini
- Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Microbiology and Virology, University of Padova, Via A Gabelli 63, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Cristiano Salata
- Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Microbiology and Virology, University of Padova, Via A Gabelli 63, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Arianna Calistri
- Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Microbiology and Virology, University of Padova, Via A Gabelli 63, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Cristina Parolin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58B, Padova 35123, Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Microbiology and Virology, University of Padova, Via A Gabelli 63, Padova 35121, Italy
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46
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Yavuzer D, Karadayi N, Salepci T, Baloglu H, Bilici A, Sakirahmet D. Role of human papillomavirus in the development of urothelial carcinoma. Med Oncol 2010; 28:919-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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47
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The presence of JC virus in gastric carcinomas correlates with patient's age, intestinal histological type and aberrant methylation of tumor suppressor genes. Mod Pathol 2010; 23:522-30. [PMID: 20081806 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2009.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
JC virus (JCV) is a neurotropic polyomavirus and the causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. A role for JCV in gastrointestinal malignancies has been recently suggested. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of polyomaviruses including JCV, BKV and SV40 in gastric cancers in Tunisia and to determine the clinicopathological characteristics of virus-associated gastric carcinomas. The presence of polyomaviruses DNA sequences was surveyed in 61 cases of primary gastric carcinomas and in 53 paired non-tumor gastric mucosa by PCR. Findings were correlated to clinicopathological parameters, p53 expression and methylation status of 11 tumor-related genes. Using PCR assays, JCV T-antigen sequence was more frequently detected in gastric carcinomas than in non-tumor gastric mucosa (26 vs 6%, P=0.03), while those of SV40 and BKV were not detected in any cases. Correlation analysis showed that JCV had higher frequency in patients older than 55 years (P=0.034) and in the intestinal histological type (P=0.04). With regard to methylation status, P16 and P14 showed significantly higher methylation frequencies in JCV-positive gastric carcinomas than in JCV-negative cases (P=0.007 and P=0.003, respectively). Moreover, the mean of the methylation index was significantly higher in JCV-positive than in JCV-negative cases (P=0.024). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, age of patients and the methylation index are only the two independent factors associated with JCV infection. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a trend toward better survival for JCV-associated gastric carcinomas patients (log-rank, P=0.11). Our study suggests a role of JCV as cofactor in the pathogenesis of the intestinal type of gastric carcinomas in older persons.
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Li W, Deng XM, Wang CX, Zhang X, Zheng GX, Zhang J, Feng JB. Down-Regulation of HLA Class I Antigen in Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7 Expressing HaCaT Cells. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2010; 20:227-32. [DOI: 10.1111/igc.0b013e3181cceec5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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49
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Abstract
Viruses are associated with 15-20% of human cancers worldwide. In the last century, many studies were directed towards elucidating the molecular mechanisms and genetic alterations by which viruses cause cancer. The importance of epigenetics in the regulation of gene expression has prompted the investigation of virus and host interactions not only at the genetic level but also at the epigenetic level. In this study, we summarize the published epigenetic information relating to the genomes of viruses directly or indirectly associated with the establishment of tumorigenic processes. We also review aspects such as viral replication and latency associated with epigenetic changes and summarize what is known about epigenetic alterations in host genomes and the implications of these for the tumoral process. The advances made in characterizing epigenetic features in cancer-causing viruses have improved our understanding of their functional mechanisms. Knowledge of the epigenetic changes that occur in the genome of these viruses should provide us with markers for following cancer progression, as well as new tools for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Fernandez
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08907 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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50
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Yavuzer D, Karadayi N, Salepci T, Baloglu H, Dabak R, Bayramicli OU. Investigation of human papillomavirus DNA in colorectal carcinomas and adenomas. Med Oncol 2010; 28:127-32. [PMID: 20082157 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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