1
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Yang X, Ren H, Li Z, Peng X, Fu J. Combinations of radiotherapy with immunotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111094. [PMID: 37871379 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is currently based on concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The prognosis of early NPC is better, while the prognosis of advanced NPC is poor. Immunotherapy is becoming increasingly commonly employed in clinical practice as a new strategy for treating malignant tumors. It has shown promising results in the treatment of certain malignant tumors, making it a current clinical research hotspot. METHODS This review summarizes the current immunotherapy on NPC, highlighting the application of immunotherapy and radiotherapy in the treatment of NPC. RESULTS X-rays can either increase or suppress anti-tumor immune responses through various pathways and mechanisms. Immune checkpoint inhibitors can usually enhance X-ray-induced anti-tumor immune responses. Detecting the immune checkpoint markers and tumor mutation markers, and the functional status of effector cells in patients can aid in the development of individualized treatment that improves the treatment efficacy with reducing drug resistance and adverse reactions. The development of a multivalent vaccine for NPC will help improve the efficacy of the vaccine. Combining techniques that increase the tumor antigens release, such as radiotherapy and oncolytic virus vaccines, may enhance the ability of the immune response. CONCLUSIONS To shed further light on the application of immunotherapy in NPC, large pooled studies must accumulate sufficient cases with detailed exposure data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanru Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Peng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Heawchaiyaphum C, Malat P, Pientong C, Roytrakul S, Yingchutrakul Y, Aromseree S, Suebsasana S, Mahalapbutr P, Ekalaksananan T. The Dual Functions of Andrographolide in the Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Head-and-Neck Cancer Cells: The Inhibition of Lytic Reactivation of the Epstein-Barr Virus and the Induction of Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15867. [PMID: 37958849 PMCID: PMC10648111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Andrographolide, a medicinal compound, exhibits several pharmacological activities, including antiviral and anticancer properties. Previously, we reported that andrographolide inhibits Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic reactivation, which is associated with viral transmission and oncogenesis in epithelial cancers, including head-and-neck cancer (HNC) cells. However, the underlying mechanism through which andrographolide inhibits EBV lytic reactivation and affects HNC cells is poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated these mechanisms using EBV-positive HNC cells and the molecular modeling and docking simulation of protein. Based on the results, the expression of EBV lytic genes and viral production were significantly inhibited in andrographolide-treated EBV-positive HNC cells. Concurrently, there was a reduction in transcription factors (TFs), myocyte enhancer factor-2D (MEF2D), specificity protein (SP) 1, and SP3, which was significantly associated with a combination of andrographolide and sodium butyrate (NaB) treatment. Surprisingly, andrographolide treatment also significantly induced the expression of DNA Methyltransferase (DNMT) 1, DNMT3B, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) 5 in EBV-positive cells. Molecular modeling and docking simulation suggested that HDAC5 could directly interact with MEF2D, SP1, and SP3. In our in vitro study, andrographolide exhibited a stronger cytotoxic effect on EBV-positive cells than EBV-negative cells by inducing cell death. Interestingly, the proteome analysis revealed that the expression of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL, the key molecules for necroptosis, was significantly greater in andrographolide-treated cells. Taken together, it seems that andrographolide exhibits concurrent activities in HNC cells; it inhibits EBV lytic reactivation by interrupting the expression of TFs and induces cell death, probably via necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukkris Heawchaiyaphum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.H.); (P.M.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rangsit Center, Thammasart University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Praphatson Malat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.H.); (P.M.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom 48000, Thailand;
| | - Chamsai Pientong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.H.); (P.M.)
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.R.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yodying Yingchutrakul
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.R.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Sirinart Aromseree
- Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom 48000, Thailand;
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Suebsasana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rangsit Center, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Tipaya Ekalaksananan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.H.); (P.M.)
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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3
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Xiao L, Zhao Y, Yang M, Luan G, Du T, Deng S, Jia X. A promising nucleic acid therapy drug: DNAzymes and its delivery system. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1270101. [PMID: 37753371 PMCID: PMC10518456 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1270101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the development of nucleic acid therapeutic drugs, DNAzymes obtained through in vitro selection technology in 1994 are gradually being sought. DNAzymes are single-stranded DNA molecules with catalytic function, which specifically cleave RNA under the action of metal ions. Various in vivo and in vitro models have recently demonstrated that DNAzymes can target related genes in cancer, cardiovascular disease, bacterial and viral infection, and central nervous system disease. Compared with other nucleic acid therapy drugs, DNAzymes have gained more attention due to their excellent cutting efficiency, high stability, and low cost. Here, We first briefly reviewed the development and characteristics of DNAzymes, then discussed disease-targeting inhibition model of DNAzymes, hoping to provide new insights and ways for disease treatment. Finally, DNAzymes were still subject to some restrictions in practical applications, including low cell uptake efficiency, nuclease degradation and interference from other biological matrices. We discussed the latest delivery strategy of DNAzymes, among which lipid nanoparticles have recently received widespread attention due to the successful delivery of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, which provides the possibility for the subsequent clinical application of DNAzymes. In addition, the future development of DNAzymes was prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA and Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA and Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangxin Luan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA and Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA and Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shanshan Deng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA and Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA and Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Jia GD, Sun XS, Li XY, Liu SL, Yang JH, Chen QY, Yuan L, Mai HQ. Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors affecting survival after radical radiotherapy for early and late post-treatment metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:7. [PMID: 36597072 PMCID: PMC9811739 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We compared the clinical characteristics and survival outcomes after radical radiotherapy between nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with early and late metastases based on a relatively large cohort, which provides valuable data for the planning of clinical surveillance strategies. METHODS This was a single-center retrospective analysis of 10,566 patients who received radical radiotherapy in China from January 2000 to December 2016. Overall survival was the primary endpoint. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests were applied to investigate the association between early or late metastasis and the endpoints. The prognostic value of clinicopathological features was identified using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS The cutoff value for time to metastasis was based on ROC analysis. A total of 559 (5.3%) patients developed distant metastases, 297 (53.1%) of which developed early metastatic disease, with the rest (46.9%) developing late metastatic disease. The K-M analysis showed that the patients with late metastatic foci had significantly better post-metastatic OS (P = 0.0056). Multivariate analysis indicated that age, liver metastasis, the number of metastatic foci and time to metastasis (P = 0.013) are independent prognostic factors for OS. After analyzing the impact of different treatment methods, we found that local treatment was an independent protective factor for LM, while local treatment was not associated with a survival benefit for EM disease. CONCLUSIONS The time to metastasis after radical radiotherapy affected the prognosis of NPC patients and local treatment was an independent protective factor that could improve the survival of late metastatic NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Dong Jia
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Song Sun
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yun Li
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Sai-Lan Liu
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hao Yang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Yan Chen
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yuan
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Qiang Mai
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
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Yang XL, Zhang LL, Kou J, Zhou GQ, Wu CF, Sun Y, Lin L. Cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy improved the survival of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma after induction chemotherapy by reducing early treatment failure. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1230. [PMID: 36443685 PMCID: PMC9706941 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study focusing on Locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC) were mainly two-fold: on the one hand, to establish a cut-off value to differentiate early and late failure based on prognosis after recurrence or metastasis; and on the other hand, to investigate the duration of concurrent cisplatin benefit over follow-up time. The results of our study have the potential to guide clinical practice and follow-up. METHODS In total, 3123 patients with stage III-IVa NPC receiving Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent cisplatin or not were analysed. The cut-off value of treatment failure was calculated using the minimum P-value approach. Random survival forest (RSF) model was to simulate the cumulative probabilities of treatment failure (locoregional recurrence and /or distant metastasis) over-time, as well as the monthly time-specific, event-occurring probabilities, for patients at different treatment groups. RESULTS Based on subsequent prognosis, early locoregional failure (ELRF) should be defined as recurrence within 14 months (P = 1.47 × 10 - 3), and early distant failure (EDF) should be defined as recurrence within 20 months (P = 1.95 × 10 - 4). A cumulative cisplatin dose (CCD) > 200 mg/m2 independently reduced the risk of EDF (hazard ratio, 0.351; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.169-0.732; P = 0.005). Better failure-free survival (FFS) and overall survival (OS) were observed in concurrent chemotherapy settings ([0 mg/m2 vs. 1-200 mg/m2 vs. >200 mg/m2]: FFS: 70.4% vs. 74.4% vs. 82.6%, all P < 0.03; OS: 79.5% vs. 83.8% vs. 90.8%, all P < 0.01). In the monthly analysis, treatment failure mainly occurred during the first 4 years, and the risk of distant failure in patients treated with concurrent chemotherapy never exceeded that of patients without concurrent chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Locoregional failure that developed within 14 months and/or distant failure within 20 months had poorer subsequent survival. Concurrent chemotherapy provides a significant FFS benefit, primarily by reducing EDF, translating into a long-term OS benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Li Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Lu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Kou
- Department of Anaesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Qun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Fei Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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6
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DNAzymes, Novel Therapeutic Agents in Cancer Therapy: A Review of Concepts to Applications. J Nucleic Acids 2021; 2021:9365081. [PMID: 34760318 PMCID: PMC8575636 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9365081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed a rapid evolution in cancer drug research which is aimed at developing active biological interventions to regulate cancer-specific molecular targets. Nucleic acid-based therapeutics, including ribozymes, antisense oligonucleotides, small interference RNA (siRNA), aptamer, and DNAzymes, have emerged as promising candidates regulating cancer-specific genes at either the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level. Gene-specific catalytic DNA molecules, or DNAzymes, have shown promise as a therapeutic intervention against cancer in various in vitro and in vivo models, expediting towards clinical applications. DNAzymes are single-stranded catalytic DNA that has not been observed in nature, and they are synthesized through in vitro selection processes from a large pool of random DNA libraries. The intrinsic properties of DNAzymes like small molecular weight, higher stability, excellent programmability, diversity, and low cost have brought them to the forefront of the nucleic acid-based therapeutic arsenal available for cancers. In recent years, considerable efforts have been undertaken to assess a variety of DNAzymes against different cancers. However, their therapeutic application is constrained by the low delivery efficiency, cellular uptake, and target detection within the tumour microenvironment. Thus, there is a pursuit to identify efficient delivery methods in vivo before the full potential of DNAzymes in cancer therapy is realized. In this light, a review of the recent advances in the use of DNAzymes against cancers in preclinical and clinical settings is valuable to understand its potential as effective cancer therapy. We have thus sought to firstly provide a brief overview of construction and recent improvements in the design of DNAzymes. Secondly, this review stipulates the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of DNAzymes developed against major hallmarks of cancers tested in preclinical and clinical settings. Lastly, the recent advances in DNAzyme delivery systems along with the challenges and prospects for the clinical application of DNAzymes as cancer therapy are also discussed.
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7
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Lei F, Lei T, Huang Y, Yang M, Liao M, Huang W. Radio-Susceptibility of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Focus on Epstein- Barr Virus, MicroRNAs, Long Non-Coding RNAs and Circular RNAs. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 13:192-205. [PMID: 31880267 DOI: 10.2174/1874467213666191227104646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a type of head and neck cancer. As a neoplastic disorder, NPC is a highly malignant squamous cell carcinoma that is derived from the nasopharyngeal epithelium. NPC is radiosensitive; radiotherapy or radiotherapy combining with chemotherapy are the main treatment strategies. However, both modalities are usually accompanied by complications and acquired resistance to radiotherapy is a significant impediment to effective NPC therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover effective radio-sensitization and radio-resistance biomarkers for NPC. Recent studies have shown that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded products, microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), which share several common signaling pathways, can function in radio-related NPC cells or tissues. Understanding these interconnected regulatory networks will reveal the details of NPC radiation sensitivity and resistance. In this review, we discuss and summarize the specific molecular mechanisms of NPC radio-sensitization and radio-resistance, focusing on EBV-encoded products, miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs. This will provide a foundation for the discovery of more accurate, effective and specific markers related to NPC radiotherapy. EBVencoded products, miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs have emerged as crucial molecules mediating the radio-susceptibility of NPC. This understanding will improve the clinical application of markers and inform the development of novel therapeutics for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghong Lei
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (2016TP1015), Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tongda Lei
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (2016TP1015), Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mingxiu Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (2016TP1015), Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mingchu Liao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Weiguo Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (2016TP1015), Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
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8
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Cao Y, Xie L, Shi F, Tang M, Li Y, Hu J, Zhao L, Zhao L, Yu X, Luo X, Liao W, Bode AM. Targeting the signaling in Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases: mechanism, regulation, and clinical study. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:15. [PMID: 33436584 PMCID: PMC7801793 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus-associated diseases are important global health concerns. As a group I carcinogen, EBV accounts for 1.5% of human malignances, including both epithelial- and lymphatic-originated tumors. Moreover, EBV plays an etiological and pathogenic role in a number of non-neoplastic diseases, and is even involved in multiple autoimmune diseases (SADs). In this review, we summarize and discuss some recent exciting discoveries in EBV research area, which including DNA methylation alterations, metabolic reprogramming, the changes of mitochondria and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), oxidative stress and EBV lytic reactivation, variations in non-coding RNA (ncRNA), radiochemotherapy and immunotherapy. Understanding and learning from this advancement will further confirm the far-reaching and future value of therapeutic strategies in EBV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Research Center for Technologies of Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics Hunan Province, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Joint Engineering Research Center for Genetic Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.
| | - Longlong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yueshuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Jianmin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Luqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Xinfang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weihua Liao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
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9
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Li F, Chen FP, Chen YP, Chen Y, He XJ, Huang XD, Zheng ZQ, Zheng WH, Liu X, Sun Y, Zhou GQ. Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Early and Late Recurrence After Definitive Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1469. [PMID: 32983982 PMCID: PMC7479816 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and post-recurrence prognostic factors of early- and late-recurrence patients for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after definitive intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). This was a single-center retrospective analysis of patients in China from January 2010 to December 2015. The prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and post-recurrence OS of early- and late-recurrence patients were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Of the 9,468 patients included, 409 (4.3%), 325 (3.4%), and 182(1.9%) developed purely local recurrence, purely regional recurrence, and locoregional recurrence during follow-up, respectively. In the purely local recurrence group, 192 patients (46.9%) developed early local recurrence (ETR), and 217 patients (53.1%) developed late local recurrence (LTR). Of the 192 ETR patients, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that age and gender were independent risk factors of OS, and post-recurrence best supportive treatment (PRBST) was associated with poorer post-recurrence OS. Of the 217 LTR patients, the results revealed that baseline value of EBV-DNA was an independent risk factor for OS, while PRBST was associated with poorer post-recurrence OS. In the purely regional recurrence group, 183 patients (56.3%) developed early regional recurrence (ENR), and 142 patients (43.7%) developed late regional recurrence (LNR). Of the 183 ENR patients, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that alcohol abuse and TNM stage were independent risk factors of OS, while alcohol drinkers and PRBST were associated with poorer post-recurrence OS. Of the 142 LNR patients, PRBST was associated with poorer post-recurrence OS. In the locoregional recurrence group, 87 patients (47.8%) developed early locoregional recurrence (ELR), and 95 patients (52.2%) developed late locoregional recurrence (LLR). Of the 87 ELR patients, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that N stage and TNM stage were independent risk factors of OS, and N2/3 stage and PRBST were associated with poorer post-recurrence OS. Of the 95 LLR patients, the results revealed that T stage was an independent risk factor for OS, while T3/4 stage and PRBST were associated with poorer post-recurrence OS. Patients with LTR/LNR/LLR demonstrate significantly better OS compared with patients with ETR/ENR/ELR, Nevertheless, post-recurrence OS between patients with ETR/ENR/ELR and LTR/LNR/LLR was not significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fo-Ping Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Pei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jun He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Qi Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hong Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guan-Qun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Bridgewater HE, Date KL, O’Neil JD, Hu C, Arrand JR, Dawson CW, Young LS. The Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded EBNA1 Protein Activates the Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) Signalling Pathway to Promote Carcinoma Cell Migration. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9070594. [PMID: 32708289 PMCID: PMC7400503 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) protein is expressed in all virus-associated malignancies, where it performs an essential role in the maintenance, replication and transcription of the EBV genome. In recent years, it has become apparent that EBNA1 can also influence cellular gene transcription. Here, we demonstrate that EBNA1 is able to stimulate the expression of the Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily member, bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2), with consequential activation of the BMP signalling pathway in carcinoma cell lines. We show that BMP pathway activation is associated with an increase in the migratory capacity of carcinoma cells, an effect that can be ablated by the BMP antagonist, Noggin. Gene expression profiling of authentic EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumours revealed the consistent presence of BMP ligands, established BMP pathway effectors and putative target genes, constituting a prominent BMP “signature” in this virus-associated cancer. Our findings show that EBNA1 is the major viral-encoded protein responsible for activating the BMP signalling pathway in carcinoma cells and supports a role for this pathway in promoting cell migration and possibly, metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Bridgewater
- Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (H.E.B.); (C.W.D.)
| | - Kathryn L. Date
- Institute for Cancer & Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.L.D.); (J.D.O.); (C.H.); (J.R.A.)
| | - John D. O’Neil
- Institute for Cancer & Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.L.D.); (J.D.O.); (C.H.); (J.R.A.)
| | - Chunfang Hu
- Institute for Cancer & Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.L.D.); (J.D.O.); (C.H.); (J.R.A.)
| | - John R. Arrand
- Institute for Cancer & Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.L.D.); (J.D.O.); (C.H.); (J.R.A.)
| | - Christopher W. Dawson
- Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (H.E.B.); (C.W.D.)
| | - Lawrence S. Young
- Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (H.E.B.); (C.W.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-2476-752-38
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11
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Zhang P, Li X, He Q, Zhang L, Song K, Yang X, He Q, Wang Y, Hong X, Ma J, Liu N. TRIM21-SERPINB5 aids GMPS repression to protect nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells from radiation-induced apoptosis. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:30. [PMID: 32005234 PMCID: PMC6995195 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-0625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The main strategy against nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is radiotherapy. However, radioresistance mediated recurrence is a leading clinical bottleneck in NPC. Revealing the mechanism of NPC radioresistance will help improve the therapeutic effect. Methods In this study, the role of TRIM21 (tripartite motif–containing 21) in NPC receiving ionizing radiation was firstly examined both in vivo and in vitro. Mass spectrometry analysis was performed to identify the downstream targets of TRIM21. NPC cells with TRIM21 or SERPINB5 (serpin family B member 5) overexpression or knockout were used to determine the epistatic relationship among SERPINB5, GMPS (guanine monophosphate synthase) and TRIM21. Flow cytometry, co-immunoprecipitation, western blot and immunofluorescence were employed to strengthen the results. Finally, immunohistochemistry using 4 radiosensitive and 8 radioresistent NPC patient samples was perform to examine the association between SERPINB5 or GMPS expression and patient radio-sensitivity. Results As an E3 ligase, TRIM21 was highly expressed in NPC. After ionizing radiation, TRIM21 repressed TP53 expression by mediating GMPS ubiquitination and degradation. Overexpression of TRIM21 protected NPC cells from radiation mediated cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Further analysis revealed that TRIM21 mediated GMPS repression was dependent on SERPINB5, and SERPINB5 served as an adaptor which prevented GMPS from entering into the nucleus and introduced TRIM21 for GMPS ubiquitination. Moreover, the in vitro and in vivo results validated the finding that SERPINB5 promoted NPC cell radioresistance, and the radioresistant patients had higher SERPINB5 expression. Conclusions Overall, our data showed that TRIM21–SERPINB5-mediated GMPS degradation facilitated TP53 repression, which promoted the radioresistance of NPC cells. This novel working model related to TP53 suppression provided new insight into NPC radioresistence clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuping He
- Max-Planck Center for Tissue Stem cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510530, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keqing Song
- FireGen Biomedicals Co., LTD, Jiangsu, 215300, China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmei He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Nucleic acid-cleaving catalytic DNA for sensing and therapeutics. Talanta 2020; 211:120709. [PMID: 32070594 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DNAzymes with nucleic acid-cleaving catalytic activity are increasing in versatility through concerted efforts to discover new sequences with unique functions, and they are generating excitement in the sensing community as cheap, stable, amplifiable detection elements. This review provides a comprehensive list and detailed descriptions of the DNAzymes identified to date, classified by their associated small molecule or ion needed for catalysis; of note, this classification clarifies conserved regions of various DNAzymes that are not obvious in the literature. Furthermore, we detail the breadth of functionality of these DNA sequences as well as the range of reaction conditions under which they are useful. In addition, the utility of the DNAzymes in a variety of sensing and therapeutic applications is presented, detailing both their advantages and disadvantages.
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13
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Xie X, Ren Y, Wang K, Yi B. Molecular Prognostic Value of Circulating Epstein–Barr Viral DNA in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis of 27,235 Cases in the Endemic Area of Southeast Asia. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2019; 23:448-459. [PMID: 31199710 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2018.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xulin Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yupei Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
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14
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Li G, Ding L, Ma X, Cai Q, Ying T, Wei F. Establishment of Novel Monoclonal Fabs Specific for Epstein-Barr Virus Encoded Latent Membrane Protein 1. Virol Sin 2019; 34:467-470. [PMID: 30949961 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxin Li
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ling Ding
- MOE & MOH Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qiliang Cai
- MOE & MOH Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tianlei Ying
- MOE & MOH Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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15
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Wang W, Tan B, Zhang J, Qiu R, Liu X, Liu D, Li X, Wang J. Human nasopharyngeal carcinoma can be radiosensitized by trichosanthin via inhibition of the PI3K pathway. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4181-4186. [PMID: 30402158 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent tumor that affects the head and neck. Radiation therapy is typically used to treat NPC; however, poor prognoses and distant metastases are common due to radiation resistance. The antitumor activities of trichosanthin (TCS) have been reported in several types of tumors. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether TCS may serve as a potential radiosensitizer in the treatment of NPC tumors. In the present study, NPC cells were treated with radiation alone or together with TCS and radiosensitivity was compared. Clonogenic assay, flow cytometry and an animal study were performed to assess cell death in NPC. The clonogenic assay demonstrated that TCS had a significant radiosensitizing effect on NPC cells. Western blotting indicated that phosphorylated protein kinase B and signal-regulated kinase [phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway] were downregulated, and that cleaved caspase-3 was upregulated by combined treatment with TCS and radiation. Furthermore, TCS potently radiosensitized NPC xenografts in vivo. In conclusion, TCS radiosensitized NPC in vitro and in vivo via downregulation of PI3K pathways and the upregulation of cleaved caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Bo Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Xinju Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
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16
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Yang LL, Wu JB, Liu ZG, Liu L, Zeng MS, Yan SS, Chan HC, Xia YF. Preparation of anti-NYD-SP8 rabbit polyclonal antibody and its application in the analysis of NYD-SP8 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and clinical tissues. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 97:655-9. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161109700519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background NYD-SP8 is a recently identified protein, the biological characteristics of which are still unclear. The aim of this study was to prepare an anti-NYD-SP8 rabbit polyclonal antibody and investigate the expression of NYD-SP8 in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues. Methods The anti-NYD-SP8 rabbit polyclonal antibody was prepared and ELISA was performed to assess the antibody titer. With this antibody, the NYD-SP8 expression in four nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines, CNE1, CNE2, 5–8F and 6–10B, was examined by Western blot and its expression in clinical tissues was also assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results The anti-NYD-SP8 rabbit polyclonal antibody with a high titer was successfully prepared. Western blot showed higher NYD-SP8 expression in CNE2 and 6–10B cells and lower expression in CNE1 and 5–8F cells. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated overexpression of NYD-SP8 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue while the expression in normal nasopharyngeal tissue was negligible. Conclusions Our anti-NYD-SP8 rabbit polyclonal antibody can be used both for Western blot and immunohistochemistry, and can be a valuable tool to investigate the function and distribution of NYD-SP8. The different NYD-SP8 expression in various nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines indicated its complicated functions at different biological stages. The overexpression of NYD-SP8 in clinical nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue indicated that it could play an important role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong
- Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan
| | - Jing-Bo Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Shan-Shan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Hsiao-Chang Chan
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun-Fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong
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17
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Hu J, Li H, Luo X, Li Y, Bode A, Cao Y. The role of oxidative stress in EBV lytic reactivation, radioresistance and the potential preventive and therapeutic implications. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:1722-1729. [PMID: 28571118 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education; Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha China
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University; Changsha China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis; Chinese Ministry of Health; Changsha China
| | - Hongde Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education; Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha China
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University; Changsha China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis; Chinese Ministry of Health; Changsha China
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education; Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha China
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University; Changsha China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis; Chinese Ministry of Health; Changsha China
| | - Yueshuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education; Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha China
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University; Changsha China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis; Chinese Ministry of Health; Changsha China
| | - Ann Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota; Austin MN 55912
| | - Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education; Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha China
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University; Changsha China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis; Chinese Ministry of Health; Changsha China
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18
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EBV based cancer prevention and therapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. NPJ Precis Oncol 2017; 1:10. [PMID: 29872698 PMCID: PMC5871899 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-017-0018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus is an important cancer causing virus. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an infection-related cancer strongly driven by Epstein-Barr virus. In this cancer model, we identified the major host targets of latent membrane protein 1 which is a driving oncogene encoded by Epstein-Barr virus in latency infection. latent membrane protein 1 activates several oncogenic signaling axes causing multiple malignant phenotypes and therapeutic resistance. Also, Epstein-Barr virus up-regulates DNA methyltransferase 1 and mediates onco-epigenetic effects in the carcinogenesis. The collaborating pathways activated by latent membrane protein 1 constructs an oncogenic signaling network, which makes latent membrane protein 1 an important potential target for effective treatment or preventive intervention. In Epstein-Barr virus lytic phase, the plasma level of Epstein-Barr virus DNA is considered as a distinguishing marker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in subjects from healthy high-risk populations and is also a novel prognostic marker in Epstein-Barr virus-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Now the early detection and screening of the lytic proteins and Epstein-Barr virus DNA have been applied to clinical and high-risk population. The knowledge generated regarding Epstein-Barr virus can be used in Epstein-Barr virus based precision cancer prevention and therapy in the near future.
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Abstract
DNAzymes are catalytically active DNA molecules that are obtained via in vitro selection. RNA-cleaving DNAzymes have attracted significant attention for both therapeutic and diagnostic applications due to their excellent programmability, stability, and activity. They can be designed to cleave a specific mRNA to down-regulate gene expression. At the same time, DNAzymes can sense a broad range of analytes. By combining these two functions, theranostic DNAzymes are obtained. This review summarizes the progress of DNAzyme for theranostic applications. First, in vitro selection of DNAzymes is briefly introduced, and some representative DNAzymes related to biological applications are summarized. Then, the applications of DNAzyme for RNA cleaving are reviewed. DNAzymes have been used to cleave RNA for treating various diseases, such as viral infection, cancer, inflammation and atherosclerosis. Several formulations have entered clinical trials. Next, the use of DNAzymes for detecting metal ions, small molecules and nucleic acids related to disease diagnosis is summarized. Finally, the theranostic applications of DNAzyme are reviewed. The challenges to be addressed include poor DNAzyme activity under biological conditions, mRNA accessibility, delivery, and quantification of gene expression. Possible solutions to overcome these challenges are discussed, and future directions of the field are speculated.
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Prognostic impact of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-DNA copy number at diagnosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2135-42. [PMID: 26539641 PMCID: PMC4811522 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-DNA is detected in the blood of some persons with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) at diagnosis. Whether this is important in the development or progression of CLL is controversial. We interrogated associations between blood EBV-DNA copy number and biological and clinical variables in 243 new-diagnosed consecutive subjects with CLL. Quantification of EBV-DNA copies was done by real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR). All subjects had serological evidence of prior EBV-infection. However, only 24 subjects (10%) had a EBV-DNA-positive test at diagnosis. EBV-DNA-positive subjects at diagnosis had lower hemoglobin concentrations and platelet levels, higher thymidine kinase-1 and serum ferritin levels, un-mutated IGHV genes and a greater risk of Richter transformation compared with EBV-DNA-negative subjects. Percent CD20-, CD148- and ZAP70-positive cells and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of each cluster designation were also increased in EBV-DNA-positive subjects at diagnosis. EBV-DNA test positivity was associated with a briefer time-to-treatment interval (HR 1.85; [95% confidence interval, 1.13, 3.03]; P=0.014) and worse survival (HR 2.77; [1.18, 6.49]; P=0.019). Reduction in EBV copies was significantly associated with therapy-response. A positive blood EBV-DNA test at diagnosis and sequential testing of EBV copies during therapy were significantly associated with biological and clinical variables, time-to-treatment, therapy-response and survival. If validated these data may be added to CLL prognostic scoring systems.
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Wen X, Tang X, Li Y, Ren X, He Q, Yang X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Ma J, Liu N. Microarray Expression Profiling of Long Non-Coding RNAs Involved in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111956. [PMID: 27886062 PMCID: PMC5133950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated a significant role for long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumorigenesis. However, their functions in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metastasis remain largely unknown. In this study, a model comparing high and low metastatic NPC cell lines (5-8F vs. 6-10B and S18 vs. S26) was constructed to determine the expression profile of lncRNAs using the microarray analysis, and we found 167 lncRNAs and 209 mRNAs were differentially expressed. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the dysregulated mRNAs participated in important biological regulatory functions in NPC. Validation of 26 significantly dysregulated lncRNAs by qRT-PCR showed the expression patterns of 22 lncRNAs were in accordance with the microarray data. Furthermore, the expression level of ENST00000470135, which was the most upregulated lncRNA in high metastatic cell lines, was significantly higher in NPC cell lines and tissues with lymph node metastasis (LNM) and knocking down ENST00000470135 suppressed the migration, invasion and proliferation of NPC cells in vitro. In conclusion, our study revealed expression patterns of lncRNAs in NPC metastasis. The dysregulated lncRNAs may act as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Xinran Tang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Yingqin Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Xianyue Ren
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Qingmei He
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Na Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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Yang X, Li Z, Zhang L, He J, Sun LQ. Selection and antitumor activity of anti-Bcl-2 DNAzymes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:544-550. [PMID: 27666476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis pathway has become one of the important targets for therapeutic exploration for cancer therapy. The increased Bcl-2 protein level and phosphorylation is implicated in a decreased chemotherapeutic response in many cancers. BCL-2 inhibitors have been developed as direct inducers of apoptosis. However, resistance to BCL2 inhibitors has been emerging and thus considerable effort has been made to seek novel approaches to BCL2 suppression. In this report we describe an in vitro DNAzyme selection strategy resulting in molecules that are effective in suppressing expression of the target gene BCL-2 in vitro. A 3'-inverted modification was shown to significantly increase the DNAzyme stability in serum and the modified DNAzyme delivered by an osmotic pump chemosensitized human prostate cancer to Taxol in vivo. Thus this study provides an alternative strategy for potential BCL-2-targetd therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiang He
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lun-Quan Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, China.
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Fan H, Shao M, Huang S, Liu Y, Liu J, Wang Z, Diao J, Liu Y, Tong LI, Fan Q. MiR-593 mediates curcumin-induced radiosensitization of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via MDR1. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3729-3734. [PMID: 27313684 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (Cur) exhibits radiosensitization effects to a variety of malignant tumors. The present study investigates the radiosensitizing effect of Cur on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells and whether its mechanism is associated with microRNA-593 (miR-593) and multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1). A clonogenic assay was performed to measure the radiosensitizing effect. The expression of miR-593 and MDR1 was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or western blot assay. A transplanted tumor model was established to identify the radiosensitizing effect in vivo. A luciferase-based reporter was constructed to evaluate the effect of direct binding of miR-593 to the putative target site on the 3' UTR of MDR1. The clonogenic assay showed that Cur enhanced the radiosensitivity of cells. Cur (100 mg/kg) combined with 4 Gy irradiation inhibited the growth of a transplanted tumor model in vivo, resulting in the higher inhibition ratio compared with the radiotherapy-alone group. These results demonstrated that Cur had a radiosensitizing effect on NPC cells in vivo and in vitro; Cur-mediated upregulation of miR-593 resulted in reduced MDR1 expression, which may promote radiosensitivity of NPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoning Fan
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Meng Shao
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Diao
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yuanliang Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - L I Tong
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qin Fan
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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24
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Yang L, Liu L, Xu Z, Liao W, Feng D, Dong X, Xu S, Xiao L, Lu J, Luo X, Tang M, Bode AM, Dong Z, Sun L, Cao Y. EBV-LMP1 targeted DNAzyme enhances radiosensitivity by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis via the JNKs/HIF-1 pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5804-17. [PMID: 25714020 PMCID: PMC4467403 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
LMP1, which is encoded by the Epstein-Barr virus, is proposed to be one of the major oncogenic factors involved in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Previous studies demonstrated that down-regulation of LMP1 by LMP1-targeted DNAzyme (DZ1) increases the radiosensitivity of NPC. However, the mechanism by which DZ1 contributes to this radiosensitivity remains unclear. In this study, we determined whether a DZ1 blockade of LMP1 expression has an overall positive effect on the radiotherapy of NPCs by repressing HIF-1/VEGF activity and to investigate the mechanisms underlying LMP1-induced HIF-1 activation in NPC cells. The results showed that DZ1 inhibited the microtubule-forming ability of HUVECs co-cultured with NPC cells, which occurs with the down-regulation of VEGF expression and secretion. Moreover, LMP1 increases phosphorylated JNKs/c-Jun signaling, which is involved in the regulation of HIF-1/VEGF activity. After silencing LMP1 and decreasing phosphorylation of JNKs, NPC cells exhibited an enhanced radiosensitivity. Furthermore, in vivo experiments revealed a significant inhibition of tumor growth and a marked reduction of the Ktrans parameter, which reflects the condition of tumor micro-vascular permeability. Taken together, our data suggested that VEGF expression is increased by LMP1 through the JNKs/c-Jun signaling pathway and indicated that DZ1 enhances the radiosensitivity of NPC cells by inhibiting HIF-1/VEGF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyu Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weihua Liao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Deyun Feng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - San Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lanbo Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingchen Lu
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Tang
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya Cao
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Shi Y, Peng SL, Yang LF, Chen X, Tao YG, Cao Y. Co-infection of Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus in human tumorigenesis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2016; 35:16. [PMID: 26801987 PMCID: PMC4724123 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-016-0079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections contribute to approximately 12% of cancers worldwide, with the vast majority occurring in developing countries and areas. Two DNA viruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV), are associated with 38% of all virus-associated cancers. The probability of one patient infected with these two distinct types of viruses is increasing. Here, we summarize the co-infection of EBV and HPV in human malignancies and address the possible mechanisms for the co-infection of EBV and HPV during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Song-Ling Peng
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Fang Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Xue Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Yong-Guang Tao
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Ya Cao
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
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Anandharaj A, Ekshyyan O, Jia Y, Rong X, Harrison L, Shi R, Scott RS, Nathan CAO. EBV and not HPV sensitizes tobacco-associated head and neck cancer cell line FaDu to radiotherapy. Acta Otolaryngol 2015; 136:354-62. [PMID: 26635065 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2015.1114182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Conclusion EBV radiosensitized the p53 mutant tobacco associated head and neck cell line, FaDu. Objectives In the head and neck, HPV is a major risk factor associated with tonsil and base of tongue cancers, while a majority of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal cancers are positive for EBV. Clinically, head and neck tumors positive for HPV or EBV are more radiosensitive than tumors associated with tobacco and alcohol. This study aimed to evaluate whether viral infections can sensitize tobacco-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line that harbors multiple mutations, especially TP53, to radiotherapy. Method Four FaDu cell lines (vector control - FaDu-DN; FaDu expressing HPV16 E6/E7 - FaDu-HPV; FaDu infected with EBV - FaDu-EBV; and FaDu-HPV infected with EBV - FaDu-HE) were evaluated for their radiation sensitivity using clonogenic assay. Cell cycle, protein expression, apoptosis, and cellular senescence were analyzed. Results FaDu-EBV and FaDu-HE exhibited significantly increased radiosensitivity in comparison with the control cell line. Radiation-induced cell cycle arrest was altered in all cell lines expressing viral genes. The observed distribution of cells at G1 and S phases was associated with a significant increase in expression of p21 protein along with decreased levels of pAKT/AKT and pERK/ERK ratio (p < 0.05) and increased cellular senescence (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleksandr Ekshyyan
- a Department of Otolaryngology , Head and Neck Surgery
- b Feist-Weiller Cancer Center
| | - Yali Jia
- c Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Xiaohua Rong
- a Department of Otolaryngology , Head and Neck Surgery
- b Feist-Weiller Cancer Center
| | - Lynn Harrison
- d Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology , LSU Health - Shreveport , Shreveport , LA , USA
| | | | - Rona S Scott
- b Feist-Weiller Cancer Center
- c Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Cherie-Ann O Nathan
- a Department of Otolaryngology , Head and Neck Surgery
- b Feist-Weiller Cancer Center
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Abstract
Gene-silencing strategies based on catalytic nucleic acids have been rapidly developed in the past decades. Ribozymes, antisense oligonucleotides and RNA interference have been actively pursued for years due to their potential application in gene inactivation. Pioneered by Joyce et al., a new class of catalytic nucleic acid composed of deoxyribonucleotides has emerged via an in vitro selection system. The therapeutic potential of these RNA-cleaving DNAzymes have been shown both in vitro and in vivo. Although they rival the activity and stability of synthetic ribozymes, they are limited by inefficient delivery to the intracellular targets. Recent successes in clinical testing of the DNAzymes in cancer patients have revitalized the potential clinical utility of DNAzymes.
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Novel roles and therapeutic targets of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein 1-induced oncogenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Med 2015; 17:e15. [PMID: 26282825 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was first discovered 50 years ago as an oncogenic gamma-1 herpesvirus and infects more than 90% of the worldwide adult population. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) poses a serious health problem in southern China and is one of the most common cancers among the Chinese. There is now strong evidence supporting a role for EBV in the pathogenesis of NPC. Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), a primary oncoprotein encoded by EBV, alters several functional and oncogenic properties, including transformation, cell death and survival in epithelial cells in NPC. LMP1 may increase protein modification, such as phosphorylation, and initiate aberrant signalling via derailed activation of host adaptor molecules and transcription factors. Here, we summarise the novel features of different domains of LMP1 and several new LMP1-mediated signalling pathways in NPC. When then focus on the potential roles of LMP1 in cancer stem cells, metabolism reprogramming, epigenetic modifications and therapy strategies in NPC.
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Yu X, Yang L, Cairns MJ, Dass C, Saravolac E, Li X, Sun LQ. Chemosensitization of solid tumors by inhibition of Bcl-xL expression using DNAzyme. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9039-48. [PMID: 25344863 PMCID: PMC4253417 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNAzymes are a novel class of gene suppressors that selectively bind to an RNA substrate by Watson-Crick base pairing and cleave phosphodiester bonds. To explore the potential for therapeutic use of catalytic DNA molecules, active DNAzymes targeting the bcl-xL gene were generated through a multiplex in vitro selection. The DNAzyme-mediated down-regulation of the bcl-xL expression was demonstrated in various cancer cell lines by Western blots. Treatment of the cells with the active DNAzyme led to increases in percentage of apoptotic cells and cytochrome c release from mitochondria, a hall marker of apoptosis. When combined with chemotherapeutics such as Taxol, the DNAzyme significantly sensitised a panel of cancer cells to apoptosis as measured by cell survival assay. In Taxol-resistant cells, down-regulation of bcl-xL expression by the DNAzyme reversed the chemo-resistant phenotype of the cancer cells. In a xenograft mouse model, the DNAzyme was delivered into the tumors via an ALZET osmotic pump and shown to chemosensitize PC3 tumor when treating with Taxol. The results from the present study demonstrate that bcl-xL DNAzyme treatment facilitates apoptosis in solid tumors and suggest the potential use of bcl-xL DNAzyme in combination with chemotherapeutics for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Murray J Cairns
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Crispin Dass
- Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, WA, Australia
| | | | - Xiong Li
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lun-Quan Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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30
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Wang X, Zhang L, Ding N, Yang X, Zhang J, He J, Li Z, Sun LQ. Identification and characterization of DNAzymes targeting DNA methyltransferase I for suppressing bladder cancer proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:329-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Fokina AA, Stetsenko DA, François JC. DNA enzymes as potential therapeutics: towards clinical application of 10-23 DNAzymes. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:689-711. [PMID: 25772532 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1025048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ongoing studies on the inhibition of gene expression at the mRNA level have identified several types of specific inhibitors such as antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNA, ribozymes and DNAzymes (Dz). After its discovery in 1997, the 10-23 Dz (which can cleave RNA efficiently and site-specifically, has flexible design, is independent from cell mechanisms, does not require expensive chemical modifications for effective use in vivo) has been employed to downregulate a range of therapeutically important genes. Recently, 10-23 Dzs have taken their first steps into clinical trials. AREAS COVERED This review focuses predominantly on Dz applications as potential antiviral, antibacterial, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory agents as well as for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and diseases of CNS, summarizing results of their clinical trials up to the present day. EXPERT OPINION In comparison with antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs, Dzs do not usually show off-target effects due to their high specificity and lack of immunogenicity in vivo. As more results of clinical trials carried out so far are gradually becoming available, Dzs may turn out to be safe and well-tolerated therapeutics in humans. Therefore, there is a good chance that we may witness a deoxyribozyme drug reaching the clinic in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesya A Fokina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia
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Wei J, Zhang J, Si Y, Kanada M, Zhang Z, Terakawa S, Watanabe H. Blockage of LMP1-modulated store-operated Ca(2+) entry reduces metastatic potential in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell. Cancer Lett 2015; 360:234-44. [PMID: 25697483 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane proteins (LMPs) expedite progression of EBV-relevant cancers. Of the full set of LMPs, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) was identified to uniquely augment store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE). Previously, we reported that the suppression of SOCE exhibited inhibitory effects on cell migration and the extravasation from vasculature in EBV-negative nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. In this follow-up study, we aimed to expand our understanding of the modulation of SOCE by LMP1 and test the possibility that blockage of LMP1-modulated SOCE affects the LMP1-promoted metastatic potential. Here we showed that suppressions of the LMP1-boosted SOCE blunted the LMP1-promoted cell migration, VEGF-mediated angiogenesis and permeabilization in vitro. Blockage of SOCE inhibited vasculature-invasion of circulating cells and distant metastatic colonization in vivo. Notably, utilizing VEGFR2-EGFP-tag zebrafish we revealed that the LMP1-expressing cells arrested in a small-caliber vessel mobilized surrounding endothelial cells to facilitate vasculature-invasion. Thus, the LMP1-boosted SOCE promotes metastatic potential of NPC cells by solidifying their collaborations with the nearby non-cancer cells through the manipulation of oncogenic Ca(2+) signaling. Our study highlights the advantage of using both conventional mammal and transgenic zebrafish for developing a novel therapeutic strategy targeting the multiple steps of invasion-metastasis cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhang Wei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Oncology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan; Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yongfeng Si
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Oncology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Masamitsu Kanada
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Clark Center E150, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Susumu Terakawa
- Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
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Liao WH, Yang LF, Liu XY, Zhou GF, Jiang WZ, Hou BL, Sun LQ, Cao Y, Wang XY. DCE-MRI assessment of the effect of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein-1 targeted DNAzyme on tumor vasculature in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomas. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:835. [PMID: 25407966 PMCID: PMC4246516 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (EBV-LMP1) is an important oncogenic protein for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and has been shown to engage a plethora of signaling pathways. Correspondingly, an LMP1-targeted DNAzyme was found to inhibit the growth of NPC cells both in vivo and in vitro by suppressing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. However, it remains unknown whether an LMP1-targeted DNAzyme would affect the vasculature of NPC. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been applied in the clinical trials of anti-angiogenic drugs for more than ten years, and Ktrans has been recommended as a primary endpoint. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to use DCE-MRI to longitudinally study the effect of an EBV-LMP1-targeted DNAzyme on the vasculature of patients with NPC. Methods Twenty-four patients were randomly divided into two groups: a combined treatment group (radiotherapy + LMP1-targeted DNAzyme) and a radiotherapy alone group (radiotherapy + normal saline). DCE-MRI scans were conducted 1 ~ 2 days before radiotherapy (Pre-RT), during radiotherapy (RT 50 Gy), upon completion of radiotherapy (RT 70 Gy), and three months after radiotherapy (3 months post-RT). Parameters of vascular permeability and intra- and extravascular volumes were subsequently obtained (e.g., Ktrans, kep, ve) using nordicICE software. Results Both Ktrans and kep values for NPC tumor tissues decreased for both groups after treatment. Moreover, a statistically significant difference in Ktrans values at the pre-therapy and post-therapy timepoints emerged earlier for the combined treatment group (RT 50 Gy, P =0.045) compared to the radiotherapy alone group (3 months post-RT, P = 0.032). For the kep values, the downward trend observed for both the combined treatment group and the radiotherapy alone group were similar. In contrast, ve values for all of the tumor tissues increased following therapy. Conclusions The EBV-LMP1-targeted DNAzyme that was tested was found to accelerate the decline of Ktrans values for patients with NPC. Correspondingly, the LMP1-targeted DNAzyme treatments were found to affect the angiogenesis and microvascular permeability of NPC. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01449942. Registered 6 October 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ya Cao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Therapeutic potential of siRNA and DNAzymes in cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9505-21. [PMID: 25149153 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, invasion, and metastasis and possess threat to humans worldwide. The scientific community is facing numerous challenges despite several efforts to cure cancer. Though a number of studies were done earlier, the molecular mechanism of cancer progression is not completely understood. Currently available treatments like surgery resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are not completely effective in curing all the cancers. Recent advances in the antisense technology provide a powerful tool to investigate various cancer pathways and target them. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) could be effective in downregulating the cancer-associated genes, but their in vivo delivery is the main obstacle. DNA enzymes (DNAzymes) have great potential in the treatment of cancer due to high selectivity and significant catalytic efficiency. In this review, we are focusing on antisense molecules such as siRNA and DNAzymes in cancer therapeutics development. This review also describes the challenges and approaches to overcome obstacles involved in using siRNA and DNAzymes in the treatment of cancers.
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Targeting Epstein-Barr virus oncoprotein LMP1-mediated glycolysis sensitizes nasopharyngeal carcinoma to radiation therapy. Oncogene 2014; 33:4568-78. [PMID: 24662831 PMCID: PMC4162460 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our goal in this work was to illustrate the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-modulated global biochemical profile and provide a novel metabolism-related target to improve the therapeutic regimen of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We used a metabolomics approach to investigate EBV-modulated metabolic changes, and found that the exogenous overexpression of the EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) significantly increased glycolysis. The deregulation of several glycolytic genes, including hexokinase 2 (HK2), was determined to be responsible for the reprogramming of LMP1-mediated glucose metabolism in NPC cells. The upregulation of HK2 elevated aerobic glycolysis and facilitated proliferation by blocking apoptosis. More importantly, HK2 was positively correlated with LMP1 in NPC biopsies, and high HK2 levels were significantly associated with poor overall survival of NPC patients following radiation therapy. Knockdown of HK2 effectively enhanced the sensitivity of LMP1-overexpressing NPC cells to irradiation. Finally, c-Myc was demonstrated to be required for LMP1-induced upregulation of HK2. The LMP1-mediated attenuation of the PI3-K/Akt-GSK3beta-FBW7 signaling axis resulted in the stabilization of c-Myc. These findings indicate a close relationship between EBV and glycolysis in NPC. Notably, LMP1 is the key regulator of the reprogramming of EBV-mediated glycolysis in NPC cells. Given the importance of EBV-mediated deregulation of glycolysis, anti-glycolytic therapy might represent a worthwhile avenue of exploration in the treatment of EBV-related cancers.
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Rosales-Pérez S, Cano-Valdez AM, Flores-Balcázar CH, Guedea-Edo F, Lino-Silva LS, Lozano-Borbalas A, Navarro-Martín A, Poitevin-Chacón A. Expression of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein (LMP-1), p16 and p53 proteins in nonendemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC): a clinicopathological study. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:229-36. [PMID: 24606815 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although the latent membrane protein type 1 (LMP1) is frequently expressed in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) malignancies, its contribution to the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is not fully defined. LMP1 functions as a viral mimic of the TNFR family member engaging a number of signaling pathways that induce morphological and phenotypic alterations. This study aimed to investigate the LMP1 expression and EBV infection in relation to clinical outcome and survival in a series of Mexican NPC patients. We also studied expression of p16 and p53 proteins. METHODS We analyzed in 25 tumor specimens the expression of LMP1, p16 and p53 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and EBV presence by IHC/in situ hybridization. Differences in clinical outcome and survival in relation to protein expression were correlated through χ(2) statistics and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS Our results showed a rate of 92% (23/25) of EBV infection. The expressions of LMP-1, p16 and p53 proteins were 40.0, 44.0 and 40.0%, respectively. LMP-1 immunoexpression was more common in older patients (>50 vs. <50 years old, p = 0.02) and with parapharyngeal space invasion (p = 0.02). The presence of metastatic disease at diagnosis (p = 0.03), distant recurrence disease (p = 0.006) and shorter distance recurrence-free survival (p = 0.05) was associated with lack of p16. CONCLUSIONS In our series, EBV infection rates are particularly high for nonendemic NPC, although without a statistically significant difference in overall survival, LMP1 and p16 expression was correlated with poorer clinical prognosis. Probably, LMP1 and p16 detection identify a worse clinical prognosis in NPC patient subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Rosales-Pérez
- Radiation Oncology Department, Oncology Hospital, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI (IMSS), Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Ana M Cano-Valdez
- Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute of Mexico (INCan), Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | | | - Ferran Guedea-Edo
- Radiation Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-L'Hospitalet), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonardo S Lino-Silva
- Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute of Mexico (INCan), Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Alicia Lozano-Borbalas
- Radiation Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-L'Hospitalet), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arturo Navarro-Martín
- Radiation Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-L'Hospitalet), Barcelona, Spain
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Wang Q, Fan H, Liu Y, Yin Z, Cai H, Liu J, Wang Z, Shao M, Sun X, Diao J, Liu Y, Tong L, Fan Q. Curcumin enhances the radiosensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells involving the reversal of differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:858-64. [PMID: 24379026 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are aberrantly expressed and have important functions in pathological processes. The present study investigated the lncRNA profiles and the effects of curcumin (Cur) on the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. The lncRNA and mRNA profiles of each cell group were described by microarray analysis. Numerous differentially expressed genes were observed by microarrays in three cell groups. Cur significantly reversed the IR-induced lncRNA and mRNA expression signatures, shown by clustering analysis. Moreover, 116 of these IR-induced and Cur-reversed differentially expressed lncRNAs were obtained. Six lncRNAs (AF086415, AK095147, RP1-179N16.3, MUDENG, AK056098 and AK294004) were confirmed by qPCR. Furthermore, functional studies showed that lncRNA AK294004 exhibited a negative effect on cyclin D1 (CCND1), indicating that CCND1 might be a direct target of AK294004. IR-induced differentially expressed lncRNAs were reversed during Cur-enhanced radiosensitization in NPC cells, suggesting that lncRNAs have important functions in IR-induced radioresistance. Thus, Cur could serve as a good radiosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Haoning Fan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhixin Yin
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Hongbing Cai
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Meng Shao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xuegang Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Diao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yuanliang Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Li Tong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qin Fan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
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You X, Yang YC, Ke X, Hong SL, Hu GH. Fluorescence visualization screening for EBV-LMP1-targeted DNAzymes. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 150:251-8. [PMID: 24323909 DOI: 10.1177/0194599813514514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a novel screening method for DNAzymes targeting the LMP1 carboxy region. STUDY DESIGN To design a method to screen special DNAzymes toward the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated carcinoma before clinic use. SETTING Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education-Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases in Chongqing Medical University. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Four novel 10-23 DNAzymes (DZ509, DZ1037, DZ893, and DZ827) targeting the EBV-LMP1 gene were designed and evaluated by detecting enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) expression of LMP1 mRNA and the protein in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell line CNE2 transfected with the pEGFP-C1-LMP1c vector. The screened specific DNAzymes were then transfected into NPC cell lines C666-1 while a mutant oligonucleotide mutDZ509 and an antisense oligonucleotide ASODN509 were designed as positive and negative controls. Cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, LMP1 mRNA, and the protein were assessed using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Annexin V-fluorescence isothiocyanate (FITC), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blots. RESULTS The inhibition rates of fluorescence expression of the DNAzymes DZ509, DZ1037, DZ893, and DZ827 were 91.25%, 65.84%, 49.02%, and 44.56%, respectively. The results were in accordance with the inhibition effects of mRNA and protein expression. The screened DZ509 could effectively knock down endogenous LMP1 expression in C666-1 cells, inhibit cell proliferation, and induce cell apoptosis compared with mutDZ509 and ASODN509. CONCLUSION LMP1 could present a potential target for DNAzymes toward the EBV-associated carcinoma, and the EGFP expression vector could be a visible method for screening special DNAzymes before clinic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi You
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Cao Y, Yang L, Jiang W, Wang X, Liao W, Tan G, Liao Y, Qiu Y, Feng D, Tang F, Hou BL, Zhang L, Fu J, He F, Liu X, Jiang W, Yang T, Sun LQ. Therapeutic evaluation of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein-1 targeted DNAzyme for treating of nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Mol Ther 2013; 22:371-377. [PMID: 24322331 PMCID: PMC3916047 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of the 10–23 DNAzyme to specifically cleave RNA with high efficiency has fuelled expectation that this agent may have useful applications for targeted therapy. Here, we, for the first time, investigated the antitumor and radiosensitizing effects of a DNAzyme (DZ1) targeted to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-LMP1 mRNA of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in patients. Preclinical studies indicated that the DNAzyme was safe and well tolerated. A randomized and double-blind clinical study was conducted in 40 NPC patients who received DZ1 or saline intratumorally, in conjunction with radiation therapy. Tumor regression, patient survival, EBV DNA copy number and tumor microvascular permeability were assessed in a 3-month follow-up. The mean tumor regression rate at week 12 was significantly higher in DZ1 treated group than in the saline control group. Molecular imaging analysis showed that DZ1 impacted on tumor microvascular permeability as evidenced by a faster decline of the Ktrans in DZ1-treated patients. The percentage of the samples with undetectable level of EBV DNA copy in the DZ1 group was significantly higher than that in the control group. No adverse events that could be attributed to the DZ1 injection were observed in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Cao
- Cancer Research Institute and Key laboratory of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Lifang Yang
- Cancer Research Institute and Key laboratory of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wuzhong Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weihua Liao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guolin Tan
- Department of ENT, Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuping Liao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanzheng Qiu
- Department of ENT, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Deyun Feng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Faqing Tang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bob L Hou
- Department of Radiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Fu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fengjiao He
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjuan Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tubao Yang
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lun-Quan Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Yang L, Xu Z, Liu L, Luo X, Lu J, Sun L, Cao Y. Targeting EBV-LMP1 DNAzyme enhances radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by inhibiting telomerase activity. Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 15:61-8. [PMID: 24145206 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.26606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), which is encoded by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), has been suggested to be one of the major oncogenic factors in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In previous studies, we experimentally demonstrated that downregulation of LMP1 expression by targeting EBV-LMP1 DNAzyme (Dz1) could increase the radiosensitivity of NPC. However, how Dz1 contributes to the radiosensitivity in NPC is still not clear. In the present study, we confirmed that Dz1 decreases LMP1 expression and downregulates the expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase (hTERT), both at the protein and mRNA levels (P<0.01), and therefore, consequently inhibits telomerase activity (P<0.05) in LMP1-positive NPC cells. We also observed that LMP1 mediated Akt phosphorylation is involved in the regulation of hTERT expression and phosphorylation. After LMP1 and hTERT expression was silenced by Dz1 and hTERT-targeted siRNA, respectively, the radiosensitivity increased in CNE1-LMP1 cells (P<0.05). The inhibition was more significant after Dz1 treatment was combined with siRNA (P<0.01). We concluded that hTERT expression and phosphorylation could be regulated by LMP1 through the Akt pathway, and Dz1 enhances radiosensitivity of LMP1-positive NPC cells by inhibiting telomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Yang
- Cancer Research Institute; Xiangya School of Medicine; Central South University; Changsha, PR China; Center for Molecular Medicine; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha, PR China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Cancer Research Institute; Xiangya School of Medicine; Central South University; Changsha, PR China
| | - Liyu Liu
- Cancer Research Institute; Xiangya School of Medicine; Central South University; Changsha, PR China
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Cancer Research Institute; Xiangya School of Medicine; Central South University; Changsha, PR China
| | - Jingchen Lu
- Cancer Research Institute; Xiangya School of Medicine; Central South University; Changsha, PR China
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha, PR China
| | - Ya Cao
- Cancer Research Institute; Xiangya School of Medicine; Central South University; Changsha, PR China
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MA XIAOQIAN, XU ZHIJIE, YANG LIFANG, XIAO LANBO, TANG MIN, LU JINGCHEN, XU SAN, TANG YIPING, WEN XINXIAN, DENG XINGMING, SUN LUNQUAN, CAO YA. EBV-LMP1-targeted DNAzyme induces DNA damage and causes cell cycle arrest in LMP1-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1541-8. [PMID: 24042231 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Chen Y, Yang L, Huang S, Li Z, Zhang L, He J, Xu Z, Liu L, Cao Y, Sun L. Delivery system for DNAzymes using arginine-modified hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for therapeutic application in a nasopharyngeal carcinoma model. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:3107-18. [PMID: 23983464 PMCID: PMC3747848 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s48321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DNAzymes are synthetic, single-stranded, catalytic nucleic acids that bind and cleave target mRNA in a sequence-specific manner, and have been explored for genotherapeutics. One bottleneck restricting their application is the lack of an efficient delivery system. As an inorganic nanomaterial with potentially wide application, nano-hydroxyapatite particles (nHAP) have attracted increasing attention as new candidates for nonviral vectors. In this study, we developed an nHAP-based delivery system and explored its cellular uptake mechanisms, intracellular localization, and biological effects. Absorption of arginine-modified nanohydroxyapatite particles (Arg-nHAP) and DZ1 (latent membrane protein 1 [LMP1]-targeted) reached nearly 100% efficiency under in vitro conditions. Using specific inhibitors, cellular uptake of the Arg-nHAP/DZ1 complex was shown to be mediated by the energy-dependent endocytosis pathway. Further, effective intracellular delivery and nuclear localization of the complex was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Biologically, the complex successfully downregulated the expression of LMP1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. In a mouse tumor xenograft model, the complex was shown to be delivered efficiently to tumor tissue, downregulating expression of LMP1 and suppressing tumor growth. These results suggest that Arg-nHAP may be an efficient vector for nucleic acid-based drugs with potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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Zhang L, Yang L, Li JJ, Sun L. Potential use of nucleic acid-based agents in the sensitization of nasopharyngeal carcinoma to radiotherapy. Cancer Lett 2012; 323:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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45
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Zhang B, Qu JQ, Xiao L, Yi H, Zhang PF, Li MY, Hu R, Wan XX, He QY, Li JH, Ye X, Xiao ZQ, Feng XP. Identification of heat shock protein 27 as a radioresistance-related protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 138:2117-25. [PMID: 22847231 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the proteins involved in radioresistance in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) cells. METHODS Sublethal ionizing radiation was applied to establish a radioresistant NPC cell line from its parental NPC cell line CNE1. Clonogenic survival assay, cell growth assay and flow cytometry analysis were used to examine the difference of radiosensitivity in the radioresistant CNE1 cells (CNE1-IR) and control CNE1 cells. Comparative proteomics was performed to identify the differential proteins in the two cell lines. Association of HSP27, one of upregulated proteins in CNE1-IR cells, with NPC cell radioresistance was selected for further investigation using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), clonogenic survival assay, Hoechst 33258 staining of apoptotic cells and MTT assay of cell viability. RESULTS Radioresistant NPC cell line CNE1-IR derived from its parental cell line CNE1 was established. Thirteen differential proteins in the CNE1-IR and CNE1 cells were identified by proteomics, and differential expression of HSP27, one of identified proteins, was selectively confirmed by western blot. Inhibition of HSP27 expression by HSP27 ASOs decreased clonogenic survival and cell viability and increased cell apoptosis of CNE1-IR cells after irradiation, that is, enhanced radiosensitivity of CNE1-IR cells. CONCLUSION The data suggest that HSP27 is a radioresistant protein in NPC cells, and its upregulation may be involved in the NPC radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
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A novel LMP1 antibody synergizes with mitomycin C to inhibit nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth in vivo through inducing apoptosis and downregulating vascular endothelial growth factor. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:2208-2218. [PMID: 22408448 PMCID: PMC3292017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13022208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined therapy emerges as an attractive strategy for cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of mitomycin C (MMC) combined with a novel antibody fragment (Fab) targeting latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) xenograft nude mice. The inhibitory rates of MMC (2 mg/kg), Fab (4 mg/kg), MMC (2 mg/kg) + Fab (4 mg/kg), and MMC (1 mg/kg) + Fab (4 mg/kg) were 20.1%, 7.3%, 42.5% and 40.5%, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the apoptotic rate of xenograft tumor cells in the MMC and Fab combination group was 28 ± 4.12%, significantly higher than the MMC (2 mg/kg) group (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemical staining showed that VEGF expression in NPC xenografts was significantly inhibited in the combination group compared to the Fab (4 mg/kg) group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, both MMC and Fab could inhibit NPC xenograft tumor growth in vivo and combination therapy showed apparent synergistic anti-tumor effects, which may be due to the induction of tumor cell apoptosis and the downregulation of VEGF expression. These results suggest that the novel combined therapy utilizing traditional chemotherapeutics and antibody-targeted therapy could be a promising strategy for the treatment of NPC.
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Ma X, Yang L, Xiao L, Tang M, Liu L, Li Z, Deng M, Sun L, Cao Y. Down-regulation of EBV-LMP1 radio-sensitizes nasal pharyngeal carcinoma cells via NF-κB regulated ATM expression. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24647. [PMID: 22096476 PMCID: PMC3212510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) encoded by EBV is expressed in the majority of EBV-associated human malignancies and has been suggested to be one of the major oncogenic factors in EBV-mediated carcinogenesis. In previous studies we experimentally demonstrated that down-regulation of LMP1 expression by DNAzymes could increase radiosensitivity both in cells and in a xenograft NPC model in mice. Results In this study we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the radiosensitization caused by the down-regulation of LMP1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It was confirmed that LMP1 could up-regulate ATM expression in NPCs. Bioinformatic analysis of the ATM ptomoter region revealed three tentative binding sites for NF-κB. By using a specific inhibitor of NF-κB signaling and the dominant negative mutant of IkappaB, it was shown that the ATM expression in CNE1-LMP1 cells could be efficiently suppressed. Inhibition of LMP1 expression by the DNAzyme led to attenuation of the NF-κB DNA binding activity. We further showed that the silence of ATM expression by ATM-targeted siRNA could enhance the radiosensitivity in LMP1 positive NPC cells. Conclusions Together, our results indicate that ATM expression can be regulated by LMP1 via the NF-κB pathways through direct promoter binding, which resulted in the change of radiosensitivity in NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Ma
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Central South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Lanbo Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Tang
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyu Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengyao Deng
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Central South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Central South University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail: (LQS); (YC)
| | - Ya Cao
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Central South University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail: (LQS); (YC)
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Ke X, Yang YC, Hong SL. EBV-LMP1-targeted DNAzyme restrains nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth in a mouse C666-1 xenograft model. Med Oncol 2010; 28 Suppl 1:S326-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yang L, Lu Z, Ma X, Cao Y, Sun LQ. A therapeutic approach to nasopharyngeal carcinomas by DNAzymes targeting EBV LMP-1 gene. Molecules 2010; 15:6127-39. [PMID: 20877211 PMCID: PMC6257677 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15096127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) has been known to have oncogenic properties during latent infection in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Genetic manipulation of LMP1 expression may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of NPC. DNAzymes are synthetic, single-stranded DNA catalysts that can be engineered to bind and cleave the target mRNA of a disease-causing gene. By targeting the LMP1 mRNA, we successfully obtained a phosphorothioate-modified ‘‘10–23’’ DNAzyme namely DZ1, through screening a series of DNAzymes. DZ1 could significantly down-regulate the expression of LMP1 in NPC cells, inhibit cell proliferation, metastasis, promote apoptosis and enhance radiosensitivity of NPC through interfering signal pathways which are abnormally activated by LMP1, including NF-κB, AP-1 and STAT3 signal pathways. Together, interfering LMP1 signaling pathway could be a promising strategy to target the malignant phenotypes of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; E-Mail: yanglifang99@hotmail (L.Y.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Zhongxin Lu
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; E-Mail: yanglifang99@hotmail (L.Y.)
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; E-Mail: yanglifang99@hotmail (L.Y.)
| | - Ya Cao
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; E-Mail: yanglifang99@hotmail (L.Y.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: (L.Q.S.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +61-2-98886288 (L.Q.S.); +86-731-4805448 (Y.C.); Fax: +61-2-98886288 (L.Q.S.); +86-731-4470589 (Y.C.)
| | - Lun-Quan Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: (L.Q.S.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +61-2-98886288 (L.Q.S.); +86-731-4805448 (Y.C.); Fax: +61-2-98886288 (L.Q.S.); +86-731-4470589 (Y.C.)
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Tarrand JJ, Keating MJ, Tsimberidou AM, O'Brien S, LaSala RP, Han XY, Bueso-Ramos CE. Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 mRNA is expressed in a significant proportion of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer 2010; 116:880-7. [PMID: 20052729 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been associated with Richter transformation in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). METHODS A direct isothermal mRNA amplification method was developed for detection of EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) mRNA transcriptional activity in the peripheral blood of 135 chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients and 98 hematologically healthy control subjects. RESULTS EBV LMP1 mRNA transcripts were found in 19 of 135 (14%) of the CLL cases, but only 1% of the healthy controls (P < .0001). In contrast, 23 solid tumor patients tested negative for EBV LMP1 transcripts. In a later cohort of patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 4 of 7 patients with Hodgkin lymphoma or Burkitt lymphoma had EBV LMP1 detected. In a preliminary analysis, outcome data were available for 88 of the 135 patients with CLL. EBV LMP1 mRNA positivity was associated with a significantly increased degree of histologically demonstrated bone marrow involvement by CLL (P = .003, Mann-Whitney U test). CONCLUSIONS EBV LMP1 mRNA transcriptional activity was observed in a significant proportion of CLL patients. Transcription of the EBV LMP1, a late gene with known transforming potential in vitro, suggests that EBV activation plays a role in CLL disease progression. Thus, EBV LMP1 expression in CLL patients may be a factor involved in the genesis of refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Tarrand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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