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Seo HK, Lee SJ, Kwon WA, Jeong KC. Docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cells become sensitive to gemcitabine due to the upregulation of ABCB1. Prostate 2020; 80:453-462. [PMID: 32134535 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docetaxel is the preferred chemotherapeutic agent for hormone-refractory prostate cancer (PC) patients. However, patients eventually develop docetaxel resistance, and no effective treatment options are available for them. OBJECTIVE We aimed to establish docetaxel resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell lines (DU145/TXR, PC-3/TXR, and CWR22/TXR) and characterized transcriptional changes upon acquiring resistance to the docetaxel. METHODS Human PC cells (DU145, PC-3, CWR22) and all docetaxel-resistant cells were maintained in Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium (RPMI) 1640 media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. ABCB1 was detected by using both parental and docetaxel-resistant CRPCs prepared for flow cytometry. For the evaluation of tumor-suppressive effects under each chemotherapeutic agent, subcutaneous xenografts of DU145 or DU145/TXR were implanted at the mouse flank. RESULTS The P-glycoprotein-encoding gene ABCB1 was distinctively upregulated in the resistant cells, and its overexpression played an essential role in docetaxel resistance in CRPC. When tested for the cytotoxicity of gemcitabine, another option for chemotherapy, the docetaxel-resistant cells were shown to become sensitive to the drug, implying additional phenotypic transformation in the docetaxel-resistant cells. Studies using xenograft animal models demonstrated that the growth of tumors composed of both docetaxel-sensitive and docetaxel-resistant cells was deterred most profoundly when docetaxel and gemcitabine were administered together. CONCLUSION This study suggests that when a drug develops therapeutic resistance, sensitivity tests could be another option, ultimately providing insight into a novel alternative clinical strategy.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/biosynthesis
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- Animals
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Growth Processes/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Docetaxel/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- PC-3 Cells
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
- RNA, Small Interfering/administration & dosage
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Transcriptome
- Transfection
- Up-Regulation
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Gemcitabine
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Kyung Seo
- Department of Urology, Center for Urologic Cancer, Hospital Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Department of Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Whi-An Kwon
- Department of Urology, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chae Jeong
- Department of Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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2
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Duan Q, Zhao H, Zhang Z, Li H, Wu H, Shen Q, Wang C, Yin T. Mechanistic Evaluation and Translational Signature of Gemcitabine-induced Chemoresistance by Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Analysis with iTRAQ Labeling Mass Spectrometry. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12891. [PMID: 29018223 PMCID: PMC5634998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main causations of the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer is the lack of effective chemotherapies. Gemcitabine is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug, but limited therapeutic efficacy is achieved due to chemoresistance. Recent studies demonstrated that the presence of cancer stem cells may lead to the failure of chemotherapy. Moreover, gemcitabine can promote the stemness of pancreatic cancer cells. We detected the alterations in protein phosphorylation and signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer cells after gemcitabine treatment using iTRAQ labeling LC-MS/MS, because it was featured with the advantages of strong separation ability and analysis range. A total of 232 differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins were identified in this study. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that nuclear lumen, nuclear part and organelle lumen were enriched for cell components and protein binding, poly (A) RNA binding and RNA binding were enriched for molecular function. A variety of signaling pathways were enriched based on KEGG analysis. AMPK, mTOR and PI3K/Akt pathways were verified after gemcitabine exposure. Moreover, we found there were complex interactions of phosphorylated proteins in modulating cancer stemness induced by gemcitabine exposure based on PPIs map. Our experiments may identify potential targets and strategies for sensitizing pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingke Duan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hengqiang Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhengle Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hehe Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Heshui Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chunyou Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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The oncogenic receptor ErbB2 modulates gemcitabine and irinotecan/SN-38 chemoresistance of human pancreatic cancer cells via hCNT1 transporter and multidrug-resistance associated protein MRP-2. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10853-67. [PMID: 25890497 PMCID: PMC4484424 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most deadly cancers because of a lack of early diagnotic markers and efficient therapeutics. The fluorinated analog of deoxycytidine, gemcitabine and emerging FOLFIRINOX protocol (5-fluorouracil (5-FU), irinotecan/SN-38, oxaliplatin and leucovorin) are the main chemotherapies to treat PDAC. The ErbB2/HER2 oncogenic receptor is commonly overexpressed in PDAC. In this context, we aimed to decipher the ErbB2-mediated mechanisms of chemoresistance to the two main chemotherapy protocols used to treat PDAC. ErbB2 knocking down (KD) in CAPAN-1 and CAPAN-2 cells led to an increased sensitivity to gemcitabine and an increased resistance to irinotecan/SN-38 both in vitro and in vivo (subcuteanous xenografts) This was correlated to an increase of hCNT1 and hCNT3 transporters and ABCG2, MRP1 and MRP2 ATP-binding cassette transporters expression and resistance to cell death. We also show that MRP2 is repressed following activation of JNK, Erk1/2 and NF-κB pathways by ErbB2. Finally, in datasets of human PDAC samples, ErbB2 and MRP2 expression was conversely correlated. Altogether, we propose that ErbB2 mediates several intracellular mechanisms linked to PDAC cell chemoresistance that may represent potential targets in order to ameliorate chemotherapy response and allow stratification of patients eligible for either gemcitabine or FOLFIRINOX treatment.
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4
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Huang CY, Chang YJ, Luo SD, Uyanga B, Lin FY, Tai CJ, Huang MT. Maspin mediates the gemcitabine sensitivity of hormone-independent prostate cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:4075-82. [PMID: 26490978 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy has constituted the main treatment for prostate cancer; however, tumors ultimately progress to hormone-independent prostate cancer (HIPC), and suitable therapeutic strategies for HIPC are not available. Maspin, which is also known as mammary serine protease inhibitor, has been suggested to be a valuable focus for targeted cancer therapy. Specifically, maspin has been shown to be upregulated after androgen ablation therapy. Gemcitabine is used as a first-line therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, but its disease control rate is low. Furthermore, the role of maspin in the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine for HIPC remains unclear. The expression levels of maspin in PC-3 and DU145 cells were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Furthermore, the expression of maspin was silenced using shRNA technology to generate maspin-KD cells. The cytotoxicity of gemcitabine to prostate cancer cells was assessed using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-3,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, whereas flow cytometry analyses and annexin V-propidium iodide (PI) apoptosis assays were used to assess the ability of gemcitabine to induce apoptosis in maspin-KD and control cells. Additionally, the expression patterns of anti-apoptosis proteins (myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)) and pro-apoptosis proteins (Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax)) were determined by Western blotting. In this study, PC-3 cells were more resistant to gemcitabine administration than DU145 cells, which correlated with the higher expression levels of maspin observed in PC-3 cells. Furthermore, maspin knockdown enhanced gemcitabine-induced cell death, as evidenced by the increased number of apoptotic cells. Gemcitabine treatment upregulated the levels of anti-apoptosis proteins (Mcl-2 and Bcl-2) in both scrambled control and maspin-KD cells; however, the fold changes in Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 expression were larger in gemcitabine-treated scrambled control cells than in maspin-KD cells. Finally, our findings indicate for the first time that maspin may mediate the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine in HIPC. Our results demonstrate that maspin knockdown enhanced the sensitivity of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells to gemcitabine. Therefore, combining gemcitabine with a drug that targets maspin might constitute a valuable strategy for prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Huang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jia Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Dean Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Batzorig Uyanga
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yen Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jeng Tai
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Te Huang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chou YW, Lin FF, Muniyan S, Lin FC, Chen CS, Wang J, Huang CC, Lin MF. Cellular prostatic acid phosphatase (cPAcP) serves as a useful biomarker of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in prostate cancer cell growth suppression. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:38. [PMID: 26185616 PMCID: PMC4504398 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed solid tumor and the second leading cancer death in the United States, and also one of the major cancer-related deaths in Chinese. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the first line treatment for metastatic PCa. PCa ultimately relapses with subsequent ADT treatment failure and becomes castrate-resistant (CR). It is important to develop effective therapies with a surrogate marker towards CR PCa. Method Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors were examined to determine their effects in androgen receptor (AR)/cellular prostatic acid phosphatase (cPAcP)-positive PCa cells, including LNCaP C-33, C-81, C4-2 and C4-2B and MDA PCa2b androgen-sensitive and androgen-independent cells, and AR/cPAcP-negative PCa cells, including PC-3 and DU 145 cells. Cell growth was determined by cell number counting. Western blot analyses were carried out to determine AR, cPAcP and PSA protein levels. Results cPAcP protein level was increased by HDAC inhibitor treatment. Valproic acid, a HDAC inhibitor, suppressed the growth of AR/cPAcP-positive PCa cells by over 50% in steroid-reduced conditions, higher than on AR/cPAcP-negative PCa cells. Further, HDAC inhibitor pretreatments increased androgen responsiveness as demonstrated by PSA protein level quantitation. Conclusion Our results clearly demonstrate that HDAC inhibitors can induce cPAcP protein level, increase androgen responsiveness, and exhibit higher inhibitory activities on AR/cPAcP-positive PCa cells than on AR/cPAcP-negative PCa cells. Upon HDAC inhibitor pretreatment, PSA level was greatly elevated by androgens. This data indicates the potential clinical importance of cPAcP serving as a useful biomarker in the identification of PCa patient sub-population suitable for HDAC inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Chou
- Tissue Bank and BioBank, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 123, Da-Pi Road, Niao-Song District, Kaohsiung, 833 Taiwan, ROC ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870 USA
| | - Fen-Fen Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870 USA
| | - Sakthivel Muniyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870 USA
| | - Frank C Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870 USA ; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Ching-Shih Chen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Jue Wang
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA ; University of Arizona Cancer Center, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Chao-Cheng Huang
- Tissue Bank and BioBank, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 123, Da-Pi Road, Niao-Song District, Kaohsiung, 833 Taiwan, ROC ; Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Fong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870 USA ; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA ; Department of Surgery/Urology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA ; School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
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6
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Sen A, O'Malley K, Wang Z, Raj GV, Defranco DB, Hammes SR. Paxillin regulates androgen- and epidermal growth factor-induced MAPK signaling and cell proliferation in prostate cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:28787-95. [PMID: 20628053 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.134064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although transcriptional effects of androgens have been extensively studied, mechanisms regulating transcription-independent (nongenomic) androgen actions are poorly understood. Previously, we have shown that paxillin, a multidomain adaptor protein, is a critical regulator of testosterone-induced MAPK-signaling during Xenopus oocyte maturation. Here we examine the nongenomic effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in prostate cancer cells, focusing on how paxillin mediates Erk signaling and downstream physiologic actions. We show that in LnCAP cells DHT functions as a growth factor that indirectly activates the EGF-receptor (EGFR) via androgen receptor binding and matrix metalloproteinase-mediated release of EGFR ligands. Interestingly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of paxillin expression in androgen-dependent LnCAP cells as well as in androgen-independent PC3 cells abrogates DHT- and/or EGF-induced Erk signaling. Furthermore, EGFR-induced Erk activation requires Src-mediated phosphorylation of paxillin on tyrosines 31/118. In contrast, paxillin is not required for PKC-induced Erk signaling. However, Erk-mediated phosphorylation of paxillin on serines 83/126/130 is still needed for both EGFR and PKC-mediated cellular proliferation. Thus, paxillin serves as a specific upstream regulator of Erk in response to receptor-tyrosine kinase signaling but as a general regulator of downstream Erk actions regardless of agonist. Importantly, Erk-mediated serine phosphorylation of paxillin is also required for DHT-induced prostate-specific antigen mRNA expression in LnCAP cells as well as EGF-induced cyclin D1 mRNA expression in PC3 cells, suggesting that paxillin may regulate prostate cancer proliferation by serving as a liaison between extra-nuclear kinase signaling and intra-nuclear transcriptional signals. Thus, paxillin may prove to be a novel diagnostic or therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritro Sen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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Chuang TD, Chen SJ, Lin FF, Veeramani S, Kumar S, Batra SK, Tu Y, Lin MF. Human prostatic acid phosphatase, an authentic tyrosine phosphatase, dephosphorylates ErbB-2 and regulates prostate cancer cell growth. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:23598-606. [PMID: 20498373 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.098301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular prostatic acid phosphatase (cPAcP), an authentic tyrosine phosphatase, is proposed to function as a negative growth regulator of prostate cancer (PCa) cells in part through its dephosphorylation of ErbB-2. Nevertheless, the direct interaction between cPAcP and ErbB-2 has not been shown nor the specific dephosphorylation site of ErbB-2 by cPAcP. In this report, our data show that the phosphorylation level of ErbB-2 primarily at Tyr(1221/2) correlates with the growth rate of both LNCaP and MDA PCa2b human PCa cells. Further, cPAcP reciprocally co-immunoprecipitated with ErbB-2 in a non-permissive growth condition. Expression of wild type cPAcP, but not inactive mutant, by cDNA in cPAcP-null LNCaP C-81 cells results in decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of ErbB-2 including Tyr(1221/2). Concurrently, Tyr(317) phosphorylation of p52(Shc), proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, and cell growth are decreased in these cells. Conversely, decreased cPAcP expression by short hairpin RNA in LNCaP C-33 cells was associated with elevated phosphorylation of ErbB-2 initially at Tyr(1221/2). Its downstream p52(Shc), ERK1/2, Akt, Src, STAT-3, and STAT-5 were activated, and cell proliferation, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and cyclin D1 expression were increased. Stable subclones of C-33 cells by small interfering PAcP had elevated Tyr(1221/2) phosphorylation of ErbB-2 and exhibited androgen-independent growth and increased tumorigenicity in xenograft female animals. In summary, our data together indicate that in prostate epithelia, cPAcP interacts with and dephosphorylates ErbB-2 primarily at Tyr(1221/2) and hence blocks downstream signaling, leading to reduced cell growth. In PCa cells, decreased cPAcP expression is associated with androgen-independent cell proliferation and tumorigenicity as seen in advanced hormone-refractory prostate carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Der Chuang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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