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Wang J, Bi W, Lv R, Wang Z, Xin Q, Li K, Chen Y, Liu Q, Zhang X. SMEK1 promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression via EGFR tyrosine-kinase dependent pathway. Cancer Lett 2024; 601:217148. [PMID: 39098759 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Studying the mechanisms underlying clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common subtype of kidney cancer, may address an unmet need in ccRCC-targeted drug research. Growing evidences indicate that protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) plays an important role in cancer biology. Here, we characterized the upregulation of PP4 core component SMEK1 in ccRCC using tissue microarrays and revealed that its high expression is closely associated with reduced patient survival. We then conducted cell function experiments and animal experiments to prove the tumor-promoting effect of SMEK1. Next, RNA-seq was performed to explore its underlying mechanism, and the results revealed that SMEK1-regulated genes were extensively involved in cell motility, and the canonical tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR was one of its targets. Moreover, we verified the regulatory effect of SMEK1 on EGFR and its downstream MAPK and AKT pathway through molecular experiments, in which erlotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, can partially block this regulation, demonstrating that SMEK1 mediates its effects dependent on the tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR. Mechanistically, SMEK1 bond to PRMT5 and facilitated PRMT5-mediated histone methylation to promote the transcription of EGFR. Furthermore, we studied the upstream regulators of SMEK1 and demonstrated that the transcription factor E2F1 could directly bind to the SMEK1 promoter by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Functionally, E2F1 could also induce ccRCC progression by manipulating the expression of SMEK1. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the overexpression of SMEK1 in ccRCC, and reveal a novel E2F1/SMEK1/PRMT5/EGFR-tyrosine-kinase-dependent pathway for ccRCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China
| | - Wenhao Bi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Department of Urology, Zibo 148 Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, 255300, China
| | - Renguang Lv
- Department of Urology, Jinan Seventh People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 251400, China
| | - Zekun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qian Xin
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China
| | - Kailin Li
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China
| | - Qiji Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Institute of Reproductive Health, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, 451163, Henan, China.
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Yang C, Gong Y, Liu S, Sun C, Wang T, Chen X, Liu W, Zhang X, Yang Y, Zhang M. LincR-PPP2R5C deficiency enhancing the fungicidal activity of neutrophils in pulmonary cryptococcosis is linked to the upregulation of IL-4. mBio 2024:e0213024. [PMID: 39287443 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02130-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary cryptococcosis is a common complication in immunocompromised patients. In a mouse model of pulmonary cryptococcosis, Cryptococcus neoformans induces a type 2 immune response that is detrimental to host protection. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key players in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. However, the roles and mechanisms of lncRNAs in fungal infection are largely elusive. In the present study, we aimed to explore the roles of LincR-PPP2R5C in pulmonary cryptococcosis. We observed an increase in the level of LincR-PPP2R5C in the lung tissues of C57BL/6J mice after tracheal infection with C. neoformans. Subsequently, we intratracheally infected LincR-PPP2R5C knockout (KO) mice and wild-type mice with C. neoformans. LincR-PPP2R5C deficiency mitigates C. neoformans infection, which can be demonstrated by extending survival time and decreasing fungal burden in the lung. In the lung tissues of infected LincR-PPP2R5C KO mice, there was a notable increase in the levels of type 2 cytokines [interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5] and an increase in the number of neutrophils in both the lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Mechanistically, the lack of LincR-PPP2R5C results in increased protein phosphatase 2A phosphorylation, thereby enhancing the fungicidal activity of neutrophils against Cryptococcus neoformans, with IL-4 playing a synergistic role in this process. Overall, LincR-PPP2R5C deficiency mitigated pulmonary cryptococcosis by increasing the fungicidal activity of neutrophils, which was associated with increased IL-4 levels. Our study presented specific evidence of the role of host-derived lncRNAs in the regulation of C. neoformans infection. IMPORTANCE Pulmonary cryptococcosis is a human fungal disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, which is common not only in immunocompromised individuals but also in patients with normal immune function. Therefore, studying the control mechanisms of pulmonary cryptococcosis is highly important. Here, we demonstrated that the deletion of LincR-PPP2R5C leads to increased killing of C. neoformans by neutrophils, thereby reducing pulmonary cryptococcal infection. These findings will greatly enhance our understanding of the mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate the pathogenesis of C. neoformans, facilitating the use of lncRNAs in pulmonary cryptococcosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Department of Immunology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Department of Immunology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Immunology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunan Sun
- Department of Immunology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Immunology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Immunology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Immunology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonglin Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingshun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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3
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Singh D, Qiu Z, Jonathan SM, Fa P, Thomas H, Prasad CB, Cai S, Wang JJ, Yan C, Zhang X, Venere M, Li Z, Sizemore ST, Wang QE, Zhang J. PP2A B55α inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition via regulation of Slug expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217110. [PMID: 38986733 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
PP2A B55α, encoded by PPP2R2A, acts as a regulatory subunit of the serine/threonine phosphatase PP2A. Despite a frequent loss of heterozygosity of PPP2R2A in cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), research on PP2A B55α's functions remains limited and controversial. To investigate the biological roles of PP2A B55α, we conducted bulk RNA-sequencing to assess the impact of PPP2R2A knockdown using two shRNAs in a NSCLC cell line. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of the RNA-sequencing data revealed significant enrichment of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway, with SNAI2 (the gene encoding Slug) emerging as one of the top candidates. Our findings demonstrate that PP2A B55α suppresses EMT, as PPP2R2A deficiency through knockdown or homozygous or hemizygous depletion promotes EMT and metastatic behavior in NSCLC cells, as evidenced by changes in EMT biomarkers, invasion and migration abilities, as well as metastasis in a tail vein assay. Mechanistically, PP2A B55α inhibits EMT by downregulating SNAI2 expression via the GSK3β-β-catenin pathway. Importantly, PPP2R2A deficiency also slows cell proliferation by disrupting DNA replication, particularly in PPP2R2A-/- cells. Furthermore, PPP2R2A deficiency, especially PPP2R2A-/- cells, leads to an increase in the cancer stem cell population, which correlates with enhanced resistance to chemotherapy. Overall, the decrease in PP2A B55α levels due to hemizygous/homozygous depletion heightens EMT and the metastatic or stemness/drug resistance potential of NSCLC cells despite their proliferation disadvantage. Our study highlights the significance of PP2A B55α in EMT and metastasis and suggests that targeting EMT/stemness could be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating PPP2R2A-deficient NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Singh
- The Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zhaojun Qiu
- The Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Spehar M Jonathan
- The Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Pengyan Fa
- The Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hannah Thomas
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Chandra Bhushan Prasad
- The Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Shurui Cai
- The Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jing J Wang
- The Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Chunhong Yan
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, United States; Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, United States
| | - Monica Venere
- The Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States; The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zaibo Li
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Steven T Sizemore
- The Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Qi-En Wang
- The Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Junran Zhang
- The Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States; The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for Metabolism, United States.
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Yuan Q, Jia X, Wang M, Chen Z, Xu T, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang Z, Yang C, Zhang M, Zhang W, Huang M, Ji N. LincR-PPP2R5C Deficiency Alleviates Airway Remodeling by Inhibiting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Through the PP2A/TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway in Chronic Experimental Allergic Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2024; 16:422-433. [PMID: 39155740 PMCID: PMC11331192 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2024.16.4.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a key characteristic of allergic asthma. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by various factors, particularly transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, orchestrates airway remodeling. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), an important serine-threonine phosphatase, is involved in TGF-β1 production and EMT. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as novel players in regulating EMT. Here, we aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of action of lincR-PPP2R5C, a lncRNA that affects PP2A activity, on airway remodeling in a mouse model of chronic allergic asthma. LincR-PPP2R5C knockout (KO) alleviated inflammatory responses in house dust mite (HDM)-induced chronic allergic asthma. Moreover, airway remodeling and EMT were reduced in lung tissues of lincR-PPP2R5C KO mice. HDM extract induced EMT in airway epithelial cells, which was decreased following lincR-PPP2R5C KO. Mechanistically, lincR-PPP2R5C deficiency enhanced PP2A activity, which inhibited TGF-β1 production in epithelial cells. In conclusion, lincR-PPP2R5C deficiency prevented HDM-induced airway remodeling in mice by reversing EMT, which was mediated by the PP2A/TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Thus, lncRNAs, i.e., lincR-PPP2R5C, may be potential targets to prevent airway remodeling in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Jia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongqi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xijie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingshun Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ningfei Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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5
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Yao H, Zhang M, Wang D. The next decade of SET: from an oncoprotein to beyond. J Mol Cell Biol 2024; 16:mjad082. [PMID: 38157418 PMCID: PMC11267991 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This year marks the fourth decade of research into the protein SET, which was discovered in 1992. SET was initially identified as an oncoprotein but later shown to be a multifaceted protein involved in regulating numerous biological processes under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. SET dysfunction is closely associated with diseases, such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. With the increasing understanding of how SET works and how it is regulated in cells, targeting aberrant SET has emerged as a potential strategy for disease intervention. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the advancements in SET studies, encompassing its biological functions, regulatory networks, clinical implications, and pharmacological inhibitors. Furthermore, we provide insights into the future prospects of SET research, with a particular emphasis on its promising potential in the realm of immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases & Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases & Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Donglai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases & Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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Chrupcala ML, Moseley JB. PP2A-B56 regulates Mid1 protein levels for proper cytokinesis in fission yeast. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.28.601230. [PMID: 38979265 PMCID: PMC11230426 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.28.601230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation regulates many steps in the cell division process including cytokinesis. In the fission yeast S. pombe, the anillin-like protein Mid1 sets the cell division plane and is regulated by phosphorylation. Multiple protein kinases act on Mid1, but no protein phosphatases have been shown to regulate Mid1. Here, we discovered that the conserved protein phosphatase PP2A-B56 is required for proper cytokinesis by promoting Mid1 protein levels. We find that par1Δ cells lacking the primary B56 subunit divide asymmetrically due to the assembly of misplaced cytokinetic rings that slide toward cell tips. These par1Δ mutants have reduced whole-cell levels of Mid1 protein, leading to reduced Mid1 at the cytokinetic ring. Restoring proper Mid1 expression suppresses par1Δ cytokinesis defects. This work identifies a new PP2A-B56 pathway regulating cytokinesis through Mid1, with implications for control of cytokinesis in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline L. Chrupcala
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH
| | - James B. Moseley
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH
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Fonódi M, Nagy L, Boratkó A. Role of Protein Phosphatases in Tumor Angiogenesis: Assessing PP1, PP2A, PP2B and PTPs Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6868. [PMID: 38999976 PMCID: PMC11241275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels to support tumor growth and metastasis, is a complex process regulated by a multitude of signaling pathways. Dysregulation of signaling pathways involving protein kinases has been extensively studied, but the role of protein phosphatases in angiogenesis within the tumor microenvironment remains less explored. However, among angiogenic pathways, protein phosphatases play critical roles in modulating signaling cascades. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the involvement of protein phosphatases in tumor angiogenesis, highlighting their diverse functions and mechanisms of action. Protein phosphatases are key regulators of cellular signaling pathways by catalyzing the dephosphorylation of proteins, thereby modulating their activity and function. This review aims to assess the activity of the protein tyrosine phosphatases and serine/threonine phosphatases. These phosphatases exert their effects on angiogenic signaling pathways through various mechanisms, including direct dephosphorylation of angiogenic receptors and downstream signaling molecules. Moreover, protein phosphatases also crosstalk with other signaling pathways involved in angiogenesis, further emphasizing their significance in regulating tumor vascularization, including endothelial cell survival, sprouting, and vessel maturation. In conclusion, this review underscores the pivotal role of protein phosphatases in tumor angiogenesis and accentuate their potential as therapeutic targets for anti-angiogenic therapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anita Boratkó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.F.); (L.N.)
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8
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Xu H, Cai Y, Yang H, Li S, Chen P, Wei Z, Wang F, Wang Z, Zhang Y. PPP2R2A promotes Hu sheep pituitary cell proliferation and gonadotropin secretion associated with prolificacy. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 265:107457. [PMID: 38677100 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The anterior pituitary plays a critical role in the endocrine system, contains gonadotrophs, which regulate reproductive efficiency by secreting follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). PPP2R2A is a serine-threonine phosphatase that regulates reproductive functions in both females and males, its function in pituitary cells remain unclear. Hu sheep is a highly prolific breed, which makes it suitable for studying reproductive mechanisms. In this study, the relative abundances of PPP2R2A mRNA expression were higher in the pituitary of high-prolificacy (HF) Hu sheep compared to those of low-prolificacy (LF) Hu sheep. Additionally, we demonstrated that PPP2R2A promotes pituitary cell proliferation and gonadotropin secretion using the EdU assay and ELISA, respectively. Moreover, it inhibits pituitary cell apoptosis using flow cytometry. Furthermore, PPP2R2A may affect pituitary cell function by regulating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In summary, our findings suggest that PPP2R2A may play a role in regulating pituitary function and influencing the secretion of gonadotropins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shanglai Li
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peiyong Chen
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zongyou Wei
- Taicang Animal husbandry and veterinary station, Taicang 215400, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Liang X, Zhang H, Shang W, Wang M, Li J, Zhao Y, Fang C. PPP2CA Inhibition Promotes Ferroptosis Sensitivity Through AMPK/SCD1 Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:2083-2095. [PMID: 38637456 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a very common malignancy of the digestive system. Despite a variety of treatments including surgery, chemotherapeutic and targeted drugs, the prognosis for patients with CRC is still unsatisfactory and the mortality remains high. Protein phosphorylation plays an essential role in tumorigenesis and progression and is also crucial for protein to act with proper functions. Ferroptosis is found widely involved in various diseases especially tumors as a newly identified programmed cell death. METHODS In our study, we aimed at PPP2CA as a prospective target which may play a crucial role in CRC progression. In one hand, knockdown of PPP2CA significantly enhanced the malignant phenotype in HCT116. In the other hand, knockdown of PPP2CA significantly enhanced Erastin-induced ferroptosis as well. RESULTS Specifically, knockdown of PPP2CA in HCT116 significantly increased the relative level of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Fe2+, and decreased GSH/GSSG ratio after the treatment of certain concentration of Erastin. Besides, we found that the inhibition of PPP2CA further led to the suppression of SCD1 expression in CRC cells in a AMPK-dependent way. CONCLUSION Ultimately, we conclude that PPP2CA may regulate Erastin-induced ferroptosis through AMPK/SCD1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 169 Hushan Road, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 169 Hushan Road, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Weiwei Shang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 169 Hushan Road, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 169 Hushan Road, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 169 Hushan Road, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Yunzhao Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jinling Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 169 Hushan Road, Nanjing, 211100, China.
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10
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Luk IS, Bridgwater CM, Yu A, Boila LD, Yáñez-Bartolomé M, Lampano AE, Hulahan TS, Boukhali M, Kathiresan M, Macarulla T, Kenerson HL, Yamamoto N, Sokolov D, Engstrom IA, Sullivan LB, Lampe PD, Cooper JA, Yeung RS, Tian TV, Haas W, Saha SK, Kugel S. SRC inhibition enables formation of a growth suppressive MAGI1-PP2A complex in isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant cholangiocarcinoma. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadj7685. [PMID: 38748774 PMCID: PMC11218711 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adj7685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive bile duct malignancy that frequently exhibits isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1/IDH2) mutations. Mutant IDH (IDHm) ICC is dependent on SRC kinase for growth and survival and is hypersensitive to inhibition by dasatinib, but the molecular mechanism underlying this sensitivity is unclear. We found that dasatinib reduced p70 S6 kinase (S6K) and ribosomal protein S6 (S6), leading to substantial reductions in cell size and de novo protein synthesis. Using an unbiased phosphoproteomic screen, we identified membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW, and PDZ domain containing 1 (MAGI1) as an SRC substrate in IDHm ICC. Biochemical and functional assays further showed that SRC inhibits a latent tumor-suppressing function of the MAGI1-protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) complex to activate S6K/S6 signaling in IDHm ICC. Inhibiting SRC led to activation and increased access of PP2A to dephosphorylate S6K, resulting in cell death. Evidence from patient tissue and cell line models revealed that both intrinsic and extrinsic resistance to dasatinib is due to increased phospho-S6 (pS6). To block pS6, we paired dasatinib with the S6K/AKT inhibitor M2698, which led to a marked reduction in pS6 in IDHm ICC cell lines and patient-derived organoids in vitro and substantial growth inhibition in ICC patient-derived xenografts in vivo. Together, these results elucidated the mechanism of action of dasatinib in IDHm ICC, revealed a signaling complex regulating S6K phosphorylation independent of mTOR, suggested markers for dasatinib sensitivity, and described a combination therapy for IDHm ICC that may be actionable in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris S. Luk
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Angela Yu
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Liberalis D. Boila
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mariana Yáñez-Bartolomé
- Preclinical and Translational Research Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aaron E. Lampano
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Taylor S. Hulahan
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Myriam Boukhali
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Meena Kathiresan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Teresa Macarulla
- Preclinical and Translational Research Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Tumor Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Heidi L. Kenerson
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Naomi Yamamoto
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David Sokolov
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ian A. Engstrom
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lucas B. Sullivan
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Paul D. Lampe
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Cooper
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Raymond S. Yeung
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tian V. Tian
- Preclinical and Translational Research Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wilhelm Haas
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Supriya K. Saha
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sita Kugel
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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11
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Nwadozi E, Claesson-Welsh L. Hypersensitive blood vessels in Clarkson disease. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e180795. [PMID: 38747291 PMCID: PMC11093593 DOI: 10.1172/jci180795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome (ISCLS) is a rare, recurrent condition with dramatically increased blood vessel permeability and, therefore, induction of systemic edema, which may lead to organ damage and death. In this issue of the JCI, Ablooglu et al. showed that ISCLS vessels were hypersensitive to agents known to increase vascular permeability, using human biopsies, cell culture, and mouse models. Several endothelium-specific proteins that regulate endothelial junctions were dysregulated and thereby compromised the vascular barrier. These findings suggest that endothelium-intrinsic dysregulation underlies hyperpermeability and implicate the cytoplasmic serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as a potential drug target for the treatment of ISCLS.
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12
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Hassan M, Yasir M, Shahzadi S, Chun W, Kloczkowski A. Molecular Role of Protein Phosphatases in Alzheimer's and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1097. [PMID: 38791058 PMCID: PMC11117500 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is distinguished by the gradual loss of cognitive function, which is associated with neuronal loss and death. Accumulating evidence supports that protein phosphatases (PPs; PP1, PP2A, PP2B, PP4, PP5, PP6, and PP7) are directly linked with amyloid beta (Aβ) as well as the formation of the neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) causing AD. Published data reported lower PP1 and PP2A activity in both gray and white matters in AD brains than in the controls, which clearly shows that dysfunctional phosphatases play a significant role in AD. Moreover, PP2A is also a major causing factor of AD through the deregulation of the tau protein. Here, we review recent advances on the role of protein phosphatases in the pathology of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. A better understanding of this problem may lead to the development of phosphatase-targeted therapies for neurodegenerative disorders in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Hassan
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA;
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- Department of Pharmacology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (M.Y.); (W.C.)
| | - Saba Shahzadi
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA;
| | - Wanjoo Chun
- Department of Pharmacology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (M.Y.); (W.C.)
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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13
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Wachter F, Nowak RP, Ficarro S, Marto J, Fischer ES. Structural characterization of methylation-independent PP2A assembly guides alphafold2Multimer prediction of family-wide PP2A complexes. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107268. [PMID: 38582449 PMCID: PMC11087950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of phosphorylation-dependent signaling is a hallmark of tumorigenesis. Protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) is an essential regulator of cell growth. One scaffold subunit (A) binds to a catalytic subunit (C) to form a core AC heterodimer, which together with one of many regulatory (B) subunits forms the active trimeric enzyme. The combinatorial number of distinct PP2A complexes is large, which results in diverse substrate specificity and subcellular localization. The detailed mechanism of PP2A assembly and regulation remains elusive and reports about an important role of methylation of the carboxy terminus of PP2A C are conflicting. A better understanding of the molecular underpinnings of PP2A assembly and regulation is critical to dissecting PP2A function in physiology and disease. Here, we combined biochemical reconstitution, mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography, and functional assays to characterize the assembly of trimeric PP2A. In vitro studies demonstrated that methylation of the carboxy-terminus of PP2A C was dispensable for PP2A assembly in vitro. To corroborate these findings, we determined the X-ray crystal structure of the unmethylated PP2A Aα-B56ε-Cα trimer complex to 3.1 Å resolution. The experimental structure superimposed well with an Alphafold2Multimer prediction of the PP2A trimer. We then predicted models of all canonical PP2A complexes providing a framework for structural analysis of PP2A. In conclusion, methylation was dispensable for trimeric PP2A assembly and integrative structural biology studies of PP2A offered predictive models for all canonical PP2A complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Wachter
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Radosław P Nowak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott Ficarro
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jarrod Marto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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14
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Pothuraju R, Khan I, Jain M, Bouvet M, Malafa M, Roy HK, Kumar S, Batra SK. Colorectal cancer murine models: Initiation to metastasis. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216704. [PMID: 38360138 PMCID: PMC11257378 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in prevention and treatment, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Animal models, including xenografts, syngeneic, and genetically engineered, have emerged as indispensable tools in cancer research. These models offer a valuable platform to address critical questions regarding molecular pathogenesis and test therapeutic interventions before moving on to clinical trials. Advancements in CRC animal models have also facilitated the advent of personalized and precision medicine. Patient-derived xenografts and genetically engineered mice that mirror features of human tumors allow for tailoring treatments to specific CRC subtypes, improving treatment outcomes and quality of life. To overcome the limitations of individual model systems, recent studies have employed a multi-modal approach, combining different animal models, 3D organoids, and in vitro studies. This integrative approach provides a comprehensive understanding of CRC biology, including the tumor microenvironment and therapeutic responses, driving the development of more effective and personalized therapeutic interventions. This review discusses the animal models used for CRC research, including recent advancements and limitations of these animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Pothuraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mokenge Malafa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Hemant K Roy
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX-77030, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA.
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA.
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15
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Avelar RA, Gupta R, Carvette G, da Veiga Leprevost F, Colina J, Teitel J, Nesvizhskii AI, O’Connor CM, Hatzoglou M, Shenolikar S, Arvan P, Narla G, DiFeo A. Integrated stress response plasticity governs normal cell adaptation to chronic stress via the PP2A-TFE3-ATF4 pathway. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4013396. [PMID: 38585734 PMCID: PMC10996823 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4013396/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) regulates cell fate during conditions of stress by leveraging the cell's capacity to endure sustainable and efficient adaptive stress responses. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity modulation has been shown to be successful in achieving both therapeutic efficacy and safety across various cancer models; however, the molecular mechanisms driving its selective antitumor effects remain unclear. Here, we show for the first time that ISR plasticity relies on PP2A activation to regulate drug response and dictate cellular fate under conditions of chronic stress. We demonstrate that genetic and chemical modulation of the PP2A leads to chronic proteolytic stress and triggers an ISR to dictate cell fate. More specifically, we uncovered that the PP2A-TFE3-ATF4 pathway governs ISR cell plasticity during endoplasmic reticular and cellular stress independent of the unfolded protein response. We further show that normal cells reprogram their genetic signatures to undergo ISR-mediated adaptation and homeostatic recovery thereby successfully avoiding toxicity following PP2A-mediated stress. Conversely, oncogenic specific cytotoxicity induced by chemical modulation of PP2A is achieved by activating chronic and irreversible ISR in cancer cells. Our findings propose that a differential response to chemical modulation of PP2A is determined by intrinsic ISR plasticity, providing a novel biological vulnerability to selectively induce cancer cell death and improve targeted therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita A. Avelar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Riya Gupta
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gracie Carvette
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Jose Colina
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jessica Teitel
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexey I. Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Caitlin M. O’Connor
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shirish Shenolikar
- Emeritus Professor, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Professor Emeritus, Duke University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Goutham Narla
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Analisa DiFeo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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16
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Mestareehi A, Abu-Farsakh N. Impact of Protein Phosphatase Expressions on the Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:10299-10331. [PMID: 38463290 PMCID: PMC10918787 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The study was conducted to unveil the significance of protein phosphatases in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and its related molecular biological attributes as well as to discover novel potential biomarkers for therapeutic significance and diagnostic purposes that may benefit clinical practice. Analyzing a data set from 159 HCC patients using high-throughput phosphoproteomics, we examined the dysregulated expression of protein phosphatases. Employing bioinformatic and pathway analyses, we explored differentially expressed genes linked to protein phosphatases. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins database. We quantified a total of 11,547 phosphorylation sites associated with 4043 phosphoproteins from HCC patients. Within this data set, we identified 105 identified phosphorylation sites associated with protein phosphatases; 28 genes were upregulated and 3 were downregulated in HCC. Enriched pathways using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis encompassed oocyte meiosis, proteoglycans in cancer, the oxytocin signaling pathway, the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, the vascular smooth muscle, and the cAMP signaling pathway. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis highlighted pathways like mitogen-activated protein kinase, AMPK, and PI3K-Akt, indicating potential involvement in HCC progression. Notably, the PPI network identified hub genes, emphasizing their interconnections and potential roles in HCC. In our study, we found significantly upregulated levels of CDC25C, PPP1R13L, and PPP1CA, which emerge as promising avenues. This significant expression could serve as potent diagnostic and prognostic markers to enhance the effectiveness of HCC cancer treatment, offering efficiency and accuracy in patient assessment. The findings regarding protein phosphatases reveal their elevated expression in HCC, correlating with unfavorable prognosis. Moreover, the outcomes of gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses suggest that protein phosphatases may influence liver cancer by engaging diverse targets and pathways, ultimately fostering the progression of HCC. These results underscore the substantial potential of protein phosphatases as key contributors to HCC's development and advancement. This insight holds promise for identifying therapeutic targets and charting research avenues to enhance the comprehension of the intricate molecular mechanisms underpinning HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aktham Mestareehi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, P.O. Box 22, Amman 11622, Jordan
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
- School
of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Noor Abu-Farsakh
- Department
of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Internal Medicine Department, Jordan University Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan
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17
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Nadel G, Yao Z, Hacohen-Lev-Ran A, Wainstein E, Maik-Rachline G, Ziv T, Naor Z, Admon A, Seger R. Phosphorylation of PP2Ac by PKC is a key regulatory step in the PP2A-switch-dependent AKT dephosphorylation that leads to apoptosis. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:154. [PMID: 38419089 PMCID: PMC10900696 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although GqPCR activation often leads to cell survival by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway, it was previously shown that in several cell types AKT activity is reduced and leads to JNK activation and apoptosis. The mechanism of AKT inactivation in these cells involves an IGBP1-coupled PP2Ac switch that induces the dephosphorylation and inactivation of both PI3K and AKT. However, the machinery involved in the initiation of PP2A switch is not known. METHODS We used phospho-mass spectrometry to identify the phosphorylation site of PP2Ac, and raised specific antibodies to follow the regulation of this phosphorylation. Other phosphorylations were monitored by commercial antibodies. In addition, we used coimmunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays to follow protein-protein interactions. Apoptosis was detected by a TUNEL assay as well as PARP1 cleavage using SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. RESULTS We identified Ser24 as a phosphorylation site in PP2Ac. The phosphorylation is mediated mainly by classical PKCs (PKCα and PKCβ) but not by novel PKCs (PKCδ and PKCε). By replacing the phosphorylated residue with either unphosphorylatable or phosphomimetic residues (S24A and S24E), we found that this phosphorylation event is necessary and sufficient to mediate the PP2A switch, which ultimately induces AKT inactivation, and a robust JNK-dependent apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our results show that the PP2A switch is induced by PKC-mediated phosphorylation of Ser24-PP2Ac and that this phosphorylation leads to apoptosis upon GqPCR induction of various cells. We propose that this mechanism may provide an unexpected way to treat some cancer types or problems in the endocrine machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Nadel
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zhong Yao
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avital Hacohen-Lev-Ran
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ehud Wainstein
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Galia Maik-Rachline
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tamar Ziv
- Smoler Proteomic Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zvi Naor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arie Admon
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rony Seger
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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18
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de Franchis V, Petrungaro S, Pizzichini E, Camerini S, Casella M, Somma F, Mandolini E, Carpino G, Overi D, Cardinale V, Facchiano A, Filippini A, Gaudio E, Fabrizi C, Giampietri C. Cholangiocarcinoma Malignant Traits Are Promoted by Schwann Cells through TGFβ Signaling in a Model of Perineural Invasion. Cells 2024; 13:366. [PMID: 38474330 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The term cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) defines a class of epithelial malignancies originating from bile ducts. Although it has been demonstrated that CCA patients with perineural invasion (PNI) have a worse prognosis, the biological features of this phenomenon are yet unclear. Our data show that in human intrahepatic CCA specimens with documented PNI, nerve-infiltrating CCA cells display positivity of the epithelial marker cytokeratin 7, lower with respect to the rest of the tumor mass. In an in vitro 3D model, CCA cells move towards a peripheral nerve explant allowing contact with Schwann cells (SCs) emerging from the nerve. Here, we show that SCs produce soluble factors that favor the migration, invasion, survival and proliferation of CCA cells in vitro. This effect is accompanied by a cadherin switch, suggestive of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The influence of SCs in promoting the ability of CCA cells to migrate and invade the extracellular matrix is hampered by a specific TGFβ receptor 1 (TGFBR1) antagonist. Differential proteomic data indicate that the exposure of CCA cells to SC secreted factors induces the upregulation of key oncogenes and the concomitant downregulation of some tumor suppressors. Taken together, these data concur in identifying SCs as possible promoters of a more aggressive CCA phenotype, ascribing a central role to TGFβ signaling in regulating this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio de Franchis
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Petrungaro
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Pizzichini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Camerini
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Somma
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Mandolini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Diletta Overi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Antonio Facchiano
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fabrizi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Giampietri
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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19
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Kundu S, Jaiswal M, Babu Mullapudi V, Guo J, Kamat M, Basso KB, Guo Z. Investigation of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-Plasma Membrane Interaction in Live Cells and the Influence of GPI Glycan Structure on the Interaction. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303047. [PMID: 37966101 PMCID: PMC10922586 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) need to interact with other components in the cell membrane to transduce transmembrane signals. A bifunctional GPI probe was employed for photoaffinity-based proximity labelling and identification of GPI-interacting proteins in the cell membrane. This probe contained the entire core structure of GPIs and was functionalized with photoreactive diazirine and clickable alkyne to facilitate its crosslinking with proteins and attachment of an affinity tag. It was disclosed that this probe was more selective than our previously reported probe containing only a part structure of the GPI core for cell membrane incorporation and an improved probe for studying GPI-cell membrane interaction. Eighty-eight unique membrane proteins, many of which are related to GPIs/GPI-anchored proteins, were identified utilizing this probe. The proteomics dataset is a valuable resource for further analyses and data mining to find new GPI-related proteins and signalling pathways. A comparison of these results with those of our previous probe provided direct evidence for the profound impact of GPI glycan structure on its interaction with the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Mohit Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Jiatong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Manasi Kamat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kari B Basso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- UF Health Cancer Centre, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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20
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Martini L, Baek SH, Lo I, Raby BA, Silverman E, Weiss S, Glass K, Halu A. Detecting and dissecting signaling crosstalk via the multilayer network integration of signaling and regulatory interactions. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:e5. [PMID: 37953325 PMCID: PMC10783515 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The versatility of cellular response arises from the communication, or crosstalk, of signaling pathways in a complex network of signaling and transcriptional regulatory interactions. Understanding the various mechanisms underlying crosstalk on a global scale requires untargeted computational approaches. We present a network-based statistical approach, MuXTalk, that uses high-dimensional edges called multilinks to model the unique ways in which signaling and regulatory interactions can interface. We demonstrate that the signaling-regulatory interface is located primarily in the intermediary region between signaling pathways where crosstalk occurs, and that multilinks can differentiate between distinct signaling-transcriptional mechanisms. Using statistically over-represented multilinks as proxies of crosstalk, we infer crosstalk among 60 signaling pathways, expanding currently available crosstalk databases by more than five-fold. MuXTalk surpasses existing methods in terms of model performance metrics, identifies additions to manual curation efforts, and pinpoints potential mediators of crosstalk. Moreover, it accommodates the inherent context-dependence of crosstalk, allowing future applications to cell type- and disease-specific crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Martini
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Seung Han Baek
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ian Lo
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin A Raby
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kimberly Glass
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Arda Halu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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21
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Johnson H, Narayan S, Sharma AK. Altering phosphorylation in cancer through PP2A modifiers. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:11. [PMID: 38184584 PMCID: PMC10770906 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine/threonine phosphatase integral to the regulation of many cellular processes. Due to the deregulation of PP2A in cancer, many of these processes are turned toward promoting tumor progression. Considerable research has been undertaken to discover molecules capable of modulating PP2A activity in cancer. Because PP2A is capable of immense substrate specificity across many cellular processes, the therapeutic targeting of PP2A in cancer can be completed through either enzyme inhibitors or activators. PP2A modulators likewise tend to be effective in drug-resistant cancers and work synergistically with other known cancer therapeutics. In this review, we will discuss the patterns of PP2A deregulation in cancer, and its known downstream signaling pathways important for cancer regulation, along with many activators and inhibitors of PP2A known to inhibit cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Satya Narayan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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22
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Li YM, He HW, Zhang N. Targeting Protein Phosphatases for the Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:171-189. [PMID: 38213163 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501278886231221092522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
There exists a huge number of patients suffering from chronic liver disease worldwide. As a disease with high incidence and mortality worldwide, strengthening the research on the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease and the development of novel drugs is an important issue related to the health of all human beings. Phosphorylation modification of proteins plays a crucial role in cellular signal transduction, and phosphatases are involved in the development of liver diseases. Therefore, this article summarized the important role of protein phosphatases in chronic liver disease with the aim of facilitating the development of drugs targeting protein phosphatases for the treatment of chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hong-Wei He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Na Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
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23
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Fujiwara R, Zhai SN, Liang D, Shah AP, Tracey M, Ma XK, Fields CJ, Mendoza-Figueroa MS, Meline MC, Tatomer DC, Yang L, Wilusz JE. IntS6 and the Integrator phosphatase module tune the efficiency of select premature transcription termination events. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4445-4460.e7. [PMID: 37995689 PMCID: PMC10841813 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The metazoan-specific Integrator complex catalyzes 3' end processing of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and premature termination that attenuates the transcription of many protein-coding genes. Integrator has RNA endonuclease and protein phosphatase activities, but it remains unclear if both are required for complex function. Here, we show IntS6 (Integrator subunit 6) over-expression blocks Integrator function at a subset of Drosophila protein-coding genes, although having no effect on snRNAs or attenuation of other loci. Over-expressed IntS6 titrates protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) subunits, thereby only affecting gene loci where phosphatase activity is necessary for Integrator function. IntS6 functions analogous to a PP2A regulatory B subunit as over-expression of canonical B subunits, which do not bind Integrator, is also sufficient to inhibit Integrator activity. These results show that the phosphatase module is critical at only a subset of Integrator-regulated genes and point to PP2A recruitment as a tunable step that modulates transcription termination efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Fujiwara
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Therapeutic Innovation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Si-Nan Zhai
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dongming Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aayushi P Shah
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Therapeutic Innovation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew Tracey
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xu-Kai Ma
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Christopher J Fields
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Therapeutic Innovation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - María Saraí Mendoza-Figueroa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michele C Meline
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Deirdre C Tatomer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Li Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jeremy E Wilusz
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Therapeutic Innovation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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24
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Ummethum H, Li J, Lisby M, Oestergaard V. Emerging roles of the CIP2A-TopBP1 complex in genome integrity. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcad052. [PMID: 37829116 PMCID: PMC10566317 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
CIP2A is an inhibitor of the tumour suppressor protein phosphatase 2A. Recently, CIP2A was identified as a synthetic lethal interactor of BRCA1 and BRCA2 and a driver of basal-like breast cancers. In addition, a joint role of TopBP1 (topoisomerase IIβ-binding protein 1) and CIP2A for maintaining genome integrity during mitosis was discovered. TopBP1 has multiple functions as it is a scaffold for proteins involved in DNA replication, transcriptional regulation, cell cycle regulation and DNA repair. Here, we briefly review details of the CIP2A-TopBP1 interaction, its role in maintaining genome integrity, its involvement in cancer and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Ummethum
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Michael Lisby
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Vibe H Oestergaard
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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25
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Dow LF, Case AM, Paustian MP, Pinkerton BR, Simeon P, Trippier PC. The evolution of small molecule enzyme activators. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2206-2230. [PMID: 37974956 PMCID: PMC10650962 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00399j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a myriad of enzymes within the body responsible for maintaining homeostasis by providing the means to convert substrates to products as and when required. Physiological enzymes are tightly controlled by many signaling pathways and their products subsequently control other pathways. Traditionally, most drug discovery efforts focus on identifying enzyme inhibitors, due to upregulation being prevalent in many diseases and the existence of endogenous substrates that can be modified to afford inhibitor compounds. As enzyme downregulation and reduction of endogenous activators are observed in multiple diseases, the identification of small molecules with the ability to activate enzymes has recently entered the medicinal chemistry toolbox to afford chemical probes and potential therapeutics as an alternative means to intervene in diseases. In this review we highlight the progress made in the identification and advancement of non-kinase enzyme activators and their potential in treating various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise F Dow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
| | - Alfie M Case
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
| | - Megan P Paustian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
| | - Braeden R Pinkerton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
| | - Princess Simeon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
- UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
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26
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Thapa R, Afzal O, Bhat AA, Goyal A, Alfawaz Altamimi AS, Almalki WH, Alzarea SI, Kazmi I, Singh SK, Dua K, Thangavelu L, Gupta G. New horizons in lung cancer management through ATR/CHK1 pathway modulation. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1807-1818. [PMID: 37877252 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Molecular profiling has contributed to a new classification of lung cancer, driving advancements in research and therapy. The ataxia telangiectasia and rad3/checkpoint kinase 1 (ATR/CHK1) pathway plays a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability, and its activation has been linked to the development of lung cancer, drug resistance and poor prognosis. Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated promising results in targeting this pathway. ATR and CHK1 are proteins that collaborate to repair DNA damage caused by radiation or chemotherapy. ATR/CHK1 inhibitors are currently under investigation in preclinical and clinical trials. This article explores the ATR/CHK1 pathway and its potential for treating lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, U.P., India
| | | | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo-NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun, 248007, India
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27
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Moghbeli M. MicroRNAs as the pivotal regulators of cisplatin resistance in osteosarcoma. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154743. [PMID: 37549518 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive bone tumor that originates from mesenchymal cells. It is considered as the eighth most frequent childhood cancer that mainly affects the tibia and femur among the teenagers and young adults. OS can be usually diagnosed by a combination of MRI and surgical biopsy. The intra-arterial cisplatin (CDDP) and Adriamycin is one of the methods of choices for the OS treatment. CDDP induces tumor cell death by disturbing the DNA replication. Although, CDDP has a critical role in improving the clinical complication in OS patients, a high ratio of CDDP resistance is observed among these patients. Prolonged CDDP administrations have also serious side effects in normal tissues and organs. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms of CDDP resistance should be clarified to define the novel therapeutic modalities in OS. Multidrug resistance (MDR) can be caused by various cellular and molecular processes such as drug efflux, detoxification, and signaling pathways. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the key regulators of CDDP response by the post transcriptional regulation of target genes involved in MDR. In the present review we have discussed all of the miRNAs associated with CDDP response in OS cells. It was observed that the majority of reported miRNAs increased CDDP sensitivity in OS cells through the regulation of signaling pathways, apoptosis, transporters, and autophagy. This review highlights the miRNAs as reliable non-invasive markers for the prediction of CDDP response in OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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28
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Alhajaj G, Lacroix C, Trakadis Y, Garfinkle J, Srour M. An in-frame deletion affecting the critical acid loop of PPP2R5D is associated with a neonatal lethal form of PPP2R5D-related neurodevelopmental disorder. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:2416-2421. [PMID: 37248744 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Heterozygous pathogenic variants in PPP2R5D gene are associated with PPP2R5D-related neurodevelopmental disorder, a rare autosomal dominant condition, characterized by neurodevelopmental impairment in childhood, macrocephaly/megalencephaly, hypotonia, epilepsy, and dysmorphic features. Up-to-date, only approximately 100 cases have been published in the literature and the full phenotypic and genotypic spectrum have not yet been fully described. PPP2R5D gene encodes the B56δ subunit of the PP2A enzyme complex. We describe a neonatal form of PPP2R5D-related disorder with early infantile death, caused by a novel in-frame deletion causing loss of 8 amino acids and insertion of serine at position 201 (p.Phe194_Pro201delinsSer) of the B56δ subunit. This deletion is predicted to disrupt a critical acidic loop of amino acids important for binding other subunits of the PP2A enzyme complex, and harbors many of the residues previously reported to cause a mild-moderate form of this condition. This report describes a neonatal lethal presentation of the PPP2R5D-related neurodevelopmental disorder and provides additional evidence that disruption of the acidic loop is an important pathomechanism underlying PPP2R5D-related disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadd Alhajaj
- Department of Pediatrics, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Lacroix
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yannis Trakadis
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jarred Garfinkle
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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29
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Zhang L, Jiao G, You Y, Li X, Liu J, Sun Z, Li Q, Dai Z, Ma J, Zhou H, Li G, Meng C, Chen Y. Arginine methylation of PPP1CA by CARM1 regulates glucose metabolism and affects osteogenic differentiation and osteoclastic differentiation. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1369. [PMID: 37649137 PMCID: PMC10468565 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The imbalance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts may lead to osteoporosis. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts have different energy requirements, with aerobic glycolysis being the prominent metabolic feature of osteoblasts, while osteoclast differentiation and fusion are driven by oxidative phosphorylation. METHODS By polymerase chain reaction as well as Western blotting, we assayed coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) expression in bone tissue, the mouse precranial osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 and the mouse monocyte macrophage leukaemia cell line RAW264.7, and expression of related genes during osteogenic differentiation and osteoclast differentiation. Using gene overexpression (lentivirus) and loss-of-function approach (CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout) in vitro, we examined whether CARM1 regulates osteogenic differentiation and osteoblast differentiation by metabolic regulation. Transcriptomic assays and metabolomic assays were used to find the mechanism of action of CARM1. Furthermore, in vitro methylation assays were applied to clarify the arginine methylation site of PPP1CA by CARM1. RESULTS We discovered that CARM1 reprogrammed glucose metabolism in osteoblasts and osteoclasts from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, thereby promoting osteogenic differentiation and inhibiting osteoclastic differentiation. In vivo experiments revealed that CARM1 significantly decreased bone loss in osteoporosis model mice. Mechanistically, CARM1 methylated R23 of PPP1CA, affected the dephosphorylation of AKT-T450 and AMPK-T172, and increased the activities of phosphofructokinase-1 and pructose-2,6-biphosphatase3, causing an up-regulation of glycolytic flux. At the same time, as a transcriptional coactivator, CARM1 regulated the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3, which resulted in the inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, leading to a subsequent decrease in the flux of oxidative phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal for the first time the mechanism by which CARM1 affects both osteogenesis and osteoclast differentiation through metabolic regulation, which may represent a new feasible treatment strategy for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Spine SurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Department of MicroorthopaedicsAffiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanShandongChina
- Department of Spine SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
| | - Guangjun Jiao
- Department of Spine SurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Yunhao You
- Department of Spine SurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Clinical College of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Spine SurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Clinical College of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Department of Spine SurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Clinical College of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Zhenqian Sun
- Department of Spine SurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Clinical College of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Qinghui Li
- Department of Spine SurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Clinical College of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Zihan Dai
- Department of Spine SurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Clinical College of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Jinlong Ma
- Department of Spine SurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Clinical College of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Hongming Zhou
- Department of Spine SurgeryShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Department of Spine SurgeryLinyi Central HospitalLinyiShandongChina
| | - Gang Li
- Department of MicroorthopaedicsAffiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanShandongChina
| | - Chunyang Meng
- Department of Spine SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
| | - Yunzhen Chen
- Department of Spine SurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
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Partscht P, Schiebel E. The diverging role of CDC14B: from mitotic exit in yeast to cell fate control in humans. EMBO J 2023; 42:e114364. [PMID: 37493185 PMCID: PMC10425841 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023114364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CDC14, originally identified as crucial mediator of mitotic exit in budding yeast, belongs to the family of dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) that are present in most eukaryotes. Contradicting data have sparked a contentious discussion whether a cell cycle role is conserved in the human paralogs CDC14A and CDC14B but possibly masked due to redundancy. Subsequent studies on CDC14A and CDC14B double knockouts in human and mouse demonstrated that CDC14 activity is dispensable for mitotic progression in higher eukaryotes and instead suggested functional specialization. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of how faithful cell division is linked to phosphorylation and dephosphorylation and compare functional similarities and divergences between the mitotic phosphatases CDC14, PP2A, and PP1 from yeast and higher eukaryotes. Furthermore, we review the latest discoveries on CDC14B, which identify this nuclear phosphatase as a key regulator of gene expression and reveal its role in neuronal development. Finally, we discuss CDC14B functions in meiosis and possible implications in other developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Partscht
- Zentrum für Molekulare BiologieUniversität Heidelberg, DKFZ‐ZMBH AllianzHeidelbergGermany
| | - Elmar Schiebel
- Zentrum für Molekulare BiologieUniversität Heidelberg, DKFZ‐ZMBH AllianzHeidelbergGermany
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31
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Gu W, Zheng H, Canessa CM. Phosphatases maintain low catalytic activity of SGK1: DNA damage resets the balance in favor of phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104941. [PMID: 37343701 PMCID: PMC10372406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1) promotes cell survival under stress conditions and facilitates the emergence of drug resistance in cancer. The underlying mechanisms of these observations are not fully understood. In this study, we found that SGK1 activity is suppressed by the action of the S/T phosphatases PP5 and PP2A, which constantly dephosphorylate SGK1. Using newly developed anti-phospho SGK1 antibodies and inhibitors of phosphatases, we determined that the high degree of dephosphorylation is caused by two factors: the tendency of SGK1 to unfold, which makes it dependent on Hsp90 chaperone complexes composed of four proteins, Hsp90/CDC37/PP5/SGK1, and where the phosphatase PP5 persistently dephosphorylates SGK1 within the complex. SGK1 binding to PP2A regulatory subunits B55γ and B55δ brings PP2A catalytic subunit close to exposed SGK1 phosphoresidues. A further association of phosphorylated pS37-FAM122A-an endogenous inhibitor of PP2A-to the holoenzyme diminishes dephosphorylation of SGK1 mediated by PP2A. Our study also reveals that genotoxic stress can reverse the dominant impact of phosphatases over kinases by activating the DNA-dependent protein kinase, which enhances mTORC2 activity directed to SGK1. Thus, our results provide insight into a molecular pathway that enables SGK1 to gain phosphorylation and catalytic activity and promote cell survival, potentially diminishing the efficacy of cancer treatments. As the DNA damage response operates in many cancer cells and is further induced by chemotherapies, the findings of this study could have significant implications for the development of novel cancer therapies targeting SGK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Gu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Zheng
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Cecilia M Canessa
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Cellular and Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA.
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32
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Roy S, Batra L. Protein Phosphatase 2A: Role in T Cells and Diseases. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:4522053. [PMID: 37234102 PMCID: PMC10208765 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4522053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine-threonine phosphatase that plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and signal transduction. The catalytic activity of PP2A is integral in the maintenance of physiological functions which gets severely impaired in its absence. PP2A plays an essential role in the activation, differentiation, and functions of T cells. PP2A suppresses Th1 cell differentiation while promoting Th2 cell differentiation. PP2A fosters Th17 cell differentiation which contributes to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by enhancing the transactivation of the Il17 gene. Genetic deletion of PP2A in Tregs disrupts Foxp3 expression due to hyperactivation of mTORC1 signaling which impairs the development and immunosuppressive functions of Tregs. PP2A is important in the induction of Th9 cells and promotes their antitumor functions. PP2A activation has shown to reduce neuroinflammation in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and is now used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) clinically. In this review, we will discuss the structure and functions of PP2A in T cell differentiation and diseases and therapeutic applications of PP2A-mediated immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyasha Roy
- Immuno-Biology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lalit Batra
- Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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33
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Nematullah M, Rashid F, Nimker S, Khan F. Protein Phosphatase 2A Regulates Phenotypic and Metabolic Alteration of Microglia Cells in HFD-Associated Vascular Dementia Mice via TNF-α/Arg-1 Axis. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4049-4063. [PMID: 37017907 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), the activity of which is dictated by the composition of its regulatory subunit, is strongly related to the progression of neurodegenerative disease. The potential role of PP2A on the phenotypic transition of microglial cells under obese conditions is poorly explored. An understanding of the role of PP2A and identification of regulatory subunits contributing to microglial phenotypic transitions in obese condition may serve as a therapeutic target for obesity-associated neurodegeneration. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to obese-associated vascular dementia conditions by performing unilateral common carotid artery occlusion on obese mice of microglial polarization and PP2A activity using flow cytometry, real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunoprecipitation enzymatic assay, followed identifications of PP2A regulatory subunits using LCMS and RT-PCR. Chronic HFD feeding significantly increased the populations of infiltrated macrophages, showing a high percentage of CD86+ in VaD mice, and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and we observed that PP2A modulates metabolic reprogramming of microglia by regulating OXPHOS/ECAR activity. Using Co-IP and LCMS, we identified the six specific regulatory subunits, namely PPP2R2A, PPP2R2D, PPP2R5B, PPP2R5C, PPP2R5D, and PPP2R5E, that are associated with microglial-activation during obesity-associated-VaD. Interestingly, pharmacological up-regulation of PP2A more significantly suppressed the expression of TNF-alpha than other pro-inflammatory-cytokines and increased the expression of Arginase-1, suggesting that PP2A modulates microglial-phenotypic transitions through TNF-α/Arg-1 axis. Our present findings demonstrate microglial polarization in HFD associated with VaD, and point towards a therapeutic target by providing specific PP2A regulatory-subunits implicated in microglial activation during obesity-related-vascular-dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nematullah
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Faraz Rashid
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Shwetanjali Nimker
- Application Scientist, BD Biosciences India Pvt. Ltd, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Farah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Arribas RL, Viejo L, Bravo I, Martínez M, Ramos E, Romero A, García-Frutos EM, Janssens V, Montiel C, de Los Ríos C. C-glycosides analogues of the okadaic acid central fragment exert neuroprotection via restoration of PP2A-phosphatase activity: A rational design of potential drugs for Alzheimer's disease targeting tauopathies. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 251:115245. [PMID: 36905916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is an important Ser/Thr phosphatase that participates in the regulation of multiple cellular processes. This implies that any deficient activity of PP2A is the responsible of severe pathologies. For instance, one of the main histopathological features of Alzheimer's disease is neurofibrillary tangles, which are mainly comprised by hyperphosphorylated forms of tau protein. This altered rate of tau phosphorylation has been correlated with PP2A depression AD patients. With the goal of preventing PP2A inactivation in neurodegeneration scenarios, we have aimed to design, synthesize and evaluate new ligands of PP2A capable of preventing its inhibition. To achieve this goal, the new PP2A ligands present structural similarities with the central fragment C19-C27 of the well-established PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid (OA). Indeed, this central moiety of OA does not exert inhibitory actions. Hence, these compounds lack PP2A-inhibiting structural motifs but, in contrast, compete with PP2A inhibitors, thus recovering phosphatase activity. Proving this hypothesis, most compounds showed a good neuroprotective profile in neurodegeneration models related to PP2A impairment, highlighting derivative 10, named ITH12711, as the most promising one. This compound (1) restored in vitro and cellular PP2A catalytic activity, measured on a phospho-peptide substrate and by western-blot analyses, (2) proved good brain penetration measured by PAMPA, and (3) prevented LPS-induced memory impairment of mice in the object recognition test. Thus, the promising outcomes of the compound 10 validate our rational approach to design new PP2A-activating drugs based on OA central fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel L Arribas
- Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Lucía Viejo
- Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/ Diego de León, 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaac Bravo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/ Diego de León, 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Minerva Martínez
- Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva M García-Frutos
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km.33,600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Veerle Janssens
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, KU Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium; LBI (KU Leuven Brain Institute), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Montiel
- Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristóbal de Los Ríos
- Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922, Alcorcón, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/ Diego de León, 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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35
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Welsh SA, Gardini A. Genomic regulation of transcription and RNA processing by the multitasking Integrator complex. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:204-220. [PMID: 36180603 PMCID: PMC9974566 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In higher eukaryotes, fine-tuned activation of protein-coding genes and many non-coding RNAs pivots around the regulated activity of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). The Integrator complex is the only Pol II-associated large multiprotein complex that is metazoan specific, and has therefore been understudied for years. Integrator comprises at least 14 subunits, which are grouped into distinct functional modules. The phosphodiesterase activity of the core catalytic module is co-transcriptionally directed against several RNA species, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), U small nuclear RNAs (U snRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), enhancer RNAs and nascent pre-mRNAs. Processing of non-coding RNAs by Integrator is essential for their biogenesis, and at protein-coding genes, Integrator is a key modulator of Pol II promoter-proximal pausing and transcript elongation. Recent studies have identified an Integrator-specific serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) module, which targets Pol II and other components of the basal transcription machinery. In this Review, we discuss how the activity of Integrator regulates transcription, RNA processing, chromatin landscape and DNA repair. We also discuss the diverse roles of Integrator in development and tumorigenesis.
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36
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Guo C, Meza-Sosa KF, Valle-Garcia D, Zhao G, Gao K, Yu L, Zhang H, Chen Y, Sun L, Rockowitz S, Wang S, Jiang S, Lieberman J. The SET oncoprotein promotes estrogen-induced transcription by facilitating establishment of active chromatin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2206878120. [PMID: 36791099 PMCID: PMC9974495 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206878120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
SET is a multifunctional histone-binding oncoprotein that regulates transcription by an unclear mechanism. Here we show that SET enhances estrogen-dependent transcription. SET knockdown abrogates transcription of estrogen-responsive genes and their enhancer RNAs. In response to 17β-estradiol (E2), SET binds to the estrogen receptor α (ERα) and is recruited to ERα-bound enhancers and promoters at estrogen response elements (EREs). SET functions as a histone H2 chaperone that dynamically associates with H2A.Z via its acidic C-terminal domain and promotes H2A.Z incorporation, ERα, MLL1, and KDM3A loading and modulates histone methylation at EREs. SET depletion diminishes recruitment of condensin complexes to EREs and impairs E2-dependent enhancer-promoter looping. Thus, SET boosts E2-induced gene expression by establishing an active chromatin structure at ERα-bound enhancers and promoters, which is essential for transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changying Guo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi830000, China
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Karla F. Meza-Sosa
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - David Valle-Garcia
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Epigenetics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Guomeng Zhao
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing211198, China
| | - Kun Gao
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing211198, China
| | - Liting Yu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing211198, China
| | | | - Yeqing Chen
- Ying Wu College of Computing, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ07102
| | - Liang Sun
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Shira Rockowitz
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing211198, China
| | - Judy Lieberman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
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37
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Simpson LM, Fulcher LJ, Sathe G, Brewer A, Zhao JF, Squair DR, Crooks J, Wightman M, Wood NT, Gourlay R, Varghese J, Soares RF, Sapkota GP. An affinity-directed phosphatase, AdPhosphatase, system for targeted protein dephosphorylation. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:188-202.e6. [PMID: 36720221 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation, catalyzed by protein kinases and phosphatases, is a fundamental process that controls protein function and intracellular signaling. Failure of phospho-control accounts for many human diseases. While a kinase phosphorylates multiple substrates, a substrate is often phosphorylated by multiple kinases. This renders phospho-control at the substrate level challenging, as it requires inhibition of multiple kinases, which would thus affect other kinase substrates. Here, we describe the development and application of the affinity-directed phosphatase (AdPhosphatase) system for targeted dephosphorylation of specific phospho-substrates. By deploying the Protein Phosphatase 1 or 2A catalytic subunits conjugated to an antigen-stabilized anti-GFP nanobody, we can promote the dephosphorylation of two independent phospho-proteins, FAM83D or ULK1, knocked in with GFP-tags using CRISPR-Cas9, with exquisite specificity. By redirecting protein phosphatases to neo-substrates through nanobody-mediated proximity, AdPhosphatase can alter the phospho-status and function of target proteins and thus, offers a new modality for potential drug discovery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke M Simpson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Luke J Fulcher
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Gajanan Sathe
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Abigail Brewer
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Jin-Feng Zhao
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Daniel R Squair
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Jennifer Crooks
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Melanie Wightman
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Nicola T Wood
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Robert Gourlay
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Joby Varghese
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Renata F Soares
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
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Hu Z, Chen PH, Li W, Douglas T, Hines J, Liu Y, Crews CM. Targeted Dephosphorylation of Tau by Phosphorylation Targeting Chimeras (PhosTACs) as a Therapeutic Modality. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4045-4055. [PMID: 36753634 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein tau is essential for microtubule assembly and stabilization. Hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau plays an important pathological role in the development of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. In vivo studies using kinase inhibitors suggest that reducing tau phosphorylation levels has therapeutic potential; however, such approaches showed limited benefits. We sought to further develop our phosphorylation targeting chimera (PhosTAC) technology to specifically induce tau dephosphorylation. Herein, we use small molecule-based PhosTACs to recruit tau to PP2A, a native tau phosphatase. PhosTACs induced the formation of a stable ternary complex, leading to rapid, efficient, and sustained tau dephosphorylation, which also correlated with the enhanced downregulation of tau protein. Mass spectrometry data validated that PhosTACs downregulated multiple phosphorylation sites of tau. We believe that PhosTAC possesses several advantages over current strategies to modulate tau phosphorylation and represents a new avenue for disease-modifying therapies for tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Hu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Po-Han Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan city 701, Taiwan
| | - Wenxue Li
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Todd Douglas
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - John Hines
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Yansheng Liu
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Craig M Crews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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39
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Khalilimeybodi A, Fraley S, Rangamani P. Mechanisms underlying divergent relationships between Ca 2+ and YAP/TAZ signalling. J Physiol 2023; 601:483-515. [PMID: 36463416 PMCID: PMC10986318 DOI: 10.1113/jp283966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its homologue TAZ are transducers of several biochemical and biomechanical signals, integrating multiplexed inputs from the microenvironment into higher level cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation and migration. Emerging evidence suggests that Ca2+ is a key second messenger that connects microenvironmental input signals and YAP/TAZ regulation. However, studies that directly modulate Ca2+ have reported contradictory YAP/TAZ responses: in some studies, a reduction in Ca2+ influx increases the activity of YAP/TAZ, while in others, an increase in Ca2+ influx activates YAP/TAZ. Importantly, Ca2+ and YAP/TAZ exhibit distinct spatiotemporal dynamics, making it difficult to unravel their connections from a purely experimental approach. In this study, we developed a network model of Ca2+ -mediated YAP/TAZ signalling to investigate how temporal dynamics and crosstalk of signalling pathways interacting with Ca2+ can alter the YAP/TAZ response, as observed in experiments. By including six signalling modules (e.g. GPCR, IP3-Ca2+ , kinases, RhoA, F-actin and Hippo-YAP/TAZ) that interact with Ca2+ , we investigated both transient and steady-state cell response to angiotensin II and thapsigargin stimuli. The model predicts that stimuli, Ca2+ transients and frequency-dependent relationships between Ca2+ and YAP/TAZ are primarily mediated by cPKC, DAG, CaMKII and F-actin. Simulation results illustrate the role of Ca2+ dynamics and CaMKII bistable response in switching the direction of changes in Ca2+ -induced YAP/TAZ activity. A frequency-dependent YAP/TAZ response revealed the competition between upstream regulators of LATS1/2, leading to the YAP/TAZ non-monotonic response to periodic GPCR stimulation. This study provides new insights into underlying mechanisms responsible for the controversial Ca2+ -YAP/TAZ relationship observed in experiments. KEY POINTS: YAP/TAZ integrates biochemical and biomechanical inputs to regulate cellular functions, and Ca2+ acts as a key second messenger linking cellular inputs to YAP/TAZ. Studies have reported contradictory Ca2+ -YAP/TAZ relationships for different cell types and stimuli. A network model of Ca2+ -mediated YAP/TAZ signalling was developed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of divergent Ca2+ -YAP/TAZ relationships. The model predicts context-dependent Ca2+ transient, CaMKII bistable response and frequency-dependent activation of LATS1/2 upstream regulators as mechanisms governing the Ca2+ -YAP/TAZ relationship. This study provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms of the controversial Ca2+ -YAP/TAZ relationship to better understand the dynamics of cellular functions controlled by YAP/TAZ activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Khalilimeybodi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093
| | - S.I. Fraley
- Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093
| | - P. Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093
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40
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Brauer BL, Wiredu K, Gerber SA, Kettenbach AN. Evaluation of Quantification and Normalization Strategies for Phosphoprotein Phosphatase Affinity Proteomics: Application to Breast Cancer Signaling. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:47-61. [PMID: 36448918 PMCID: PMC10625046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Accurate quantification of proteomics data is essential for revealing and understanding biological signaling processes. We have recently developed a chemical proteomic strategy termed phosphatase inhibitor beads and mass spectrometry (PIB-MS) to investigate endogenous phosphoprotein phosphatase (PPP) dephosphorylation signaling. Here, we compare the robustness and reproducibility of status quo quantification methods for optimal performance and ease of implementation. We then apply PIB-MS to an array of breast cancer cell lines to determine differences in PPP signaling between subtypes. Breast cancer, a leading cause of cancer death in women, consists of three main subtypes: estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor two positive (HER2+), and triple-negative (TNBC). Although there are effective treatment strategies for ER+ and HER2+ subtypes, tumors become resistant and progress. Furthermore, TNBC has few targeted therapies. Therefore, there is a need to identify new approaches for treating breast cancers. Using PIB-MS, we distinguished TNBC from non-TNBC based on subtype-specific PPP holoenzyme composition. In addition, we identified an increase in PPP interactions with Hippo pathway proteins in TNBC. These interactions suggest that phosphatases in TNBC play an inhibitory role on the Hippo pathway and correlate with increased expression of YAP/TAZ target genes both in TNBC cell lines and in TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L. Brauer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Kwame Wiredu
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Scott A. Gerber
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Arminja N. Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
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Lei T, Zhen L, Yang X, Pan M, Fu F, Han J, Li L, Li D, Liao C. Prenatal Diagnosis of PPP2R1A-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders Using Whole Exome Sequencing: Clinical Report and Review of Literature. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14010126. [PMID: 36672867 PMCID: PMC9859089 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PPP2R1A-related neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) is expressed with autosomal dominant inheritance and is typically caused by a pathogenic de novo PPP2R1A mutation. It is characterized by the predominant features of hypotonia, developmental delay, moderate-to-severe intellectual disability, agenesis of corpus callosum (ACC), ventriculomegaly, and dysmorphic features; however, none of these anomalies have been diagnosed prenatally. We report on the prenatal diagnosis of PPP2R1A-related NDD in two fetuses by whole exome sequencing. Fetus 1 had partial ACC and severe lateral ventriculomegaly; the pathogenic heterozygous c.544C > T (p. Arg182Trp) de novo missense variant in PPP2R1A was detected. Fetus 2 had severe enlargement of the lateral and third ventricles and macrocephaly; they showed a heterozygous likely pathogenic mutation in PPP2R1A gene (c.547C > T, p. Arg183Trp). Both variants were de novo. This was the first study to use trio WES to prenatally analyze fetuses with PPP2R1A variants. Prenatal diagnosis will not only expand the fetal phenotype of this rare genetic condition but also allow for an appropriate counseling of prospective parents regarding pregnancy outcomes.
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Biregeya J, Anjago WM, Pan S, Zhang R, Yang Z, Chen M, Felix A, Xu H, Lin Y, Nkurikiyimfura O, Abubakar YS, Wang Z, Tang W. Type 2C Protein Phosphatases MoPtc5 and MoPtc7 Are Crucial for Multiple Stress Tolerance, Conidiogenesis and Pathogenesis of Magnaporthe oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:jof9010001. [PMID: 36675822 PMCID: PMC9863299 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases and phosphatases catalyze the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of their protein substrates, respectively, and these are important mechanisms in cellular signal transduction. The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae possesses 6 protein phosphatases of type 2C class, including MoPtc1, 2, 5, 6, 7 and 8. However, only very little is known about the roles of these phosphatases in filamentous fungi. Here in, we deployed genetics and molecular biology techniques to identify, characterize and establish the roles of MoPtc5 and MoPtc7 in M. oryzae development and pathogenicity. We found that during pathogen-host interaction, MoPTC7 is differentially expressed. Double deletion of MoPTC7 and MoPTC5 suppressed the fungal vegetative growth, altered its cell wall integrity and reduced its virulence. The two genes were found indispensable for stress tolerance in the phytopathogen. We also demonstrated that disruption of any of the two genes highly affected appressorium turgor generation and Mps1 and Osm1 phosphorylation levels. Lastly, we demonstrated that both MoPtc5 and MoPtc7 are localized to mitochondria of different cellular compartments in the blast fungus. Taken together, our study revealed synergistic coordination of M. oryzae development and pathogenesis by the type 2C protein phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Biregeya
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wilfred M. Anjago
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shu Pan
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ruina Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meilian Chen
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Abah Felix
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Huxiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yaqi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Oswald Nkurikiyimfura
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yakubu Saddeeq Abubakar
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810103, Nigeria
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (W.T.)
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (W.T.)
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Leprêtre M, Geffard O, Espeyte A, Faugere J, Ayciriex S, Salvador A, Delorme N, Chaumot A, Degli-Esposti D. Multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry for the discovery of environmentally modulated proteins in an aquatic invertebrate sentinel species, Gammarus fossarum. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120393. [PMID: 36223854 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry is emerging as a relevant tool for measuring customized molecular markers in freshwater sentinel species. While this technique is typically used for the validation of protein molecular markers preselected from shotgun experiments, recent gains of MRM multiplexing capacity offer new possibilities to conduct large-scale screening of animal proteomes. By combining the strength of active biomonitoring strategies and MRM technologies, this study aims to propose a new strategy for the discovery of candidate proteins that respond to environmental variability. For this purpose, 249 peptides derived from 147 proteins were monitored by MRM in 273 male gammarids caged in 56 environmental sites, representative of the diversity of French water bodies. A methodology is here proposed to identify a set of customized housekeeping peptides (HKPs) used to correct analytical batch effects and allow proper comparison of peptide levels in gammarids. A comparative analysis performed on HKPs-normalized data resulted in the identification of peptides highly modulated in the environment and derived from proteins likely involved in the environmental stress response. Overall, this study proposes a breakthrough approach to screen and identify potential proteins responding to relevant environmental conditions in sentinel species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Leprêtre
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Geffard
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anabelle Espeyte
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julien Faugere
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sophie Ayciriex
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Arnaud Salvador
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicolas Delorme
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Arnaud Chaumot
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France
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The Pivotal Role of Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in Brain Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415717. [PMID: 36555359 PMCID: PMC9779694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a highly complex heterotrimeric Ser/Thr phosphatase that regulates many cellular processes. PP2A is dysregulated in several human diseases, including oncological pathology; interestingly, PP2A appears to be essential for controlling cell growth and may be involved in cancer development. The role of PP2A as a tumor suppressor has been extensively studied and reviewed. To leverage the potential clinical utility of combination PP2A inhibition and radiotherapy treatment, it is vital that novel highly specific PP2A inhibitors be developed. In this review, the existing literature on the role of PP2A in brain tumors, especially in gliomas and glioblastoma (GBM), was analyzed. Interestingly, the review focused on the role of PP2A inhibitors, focusing on CIP2A inhibition, as CIP2A participated in tumor cell growth by stimulating cell-renewal survival, cellular proliferation, evasion of senescence and inhibition of apoptosis. This review suggested CIP2A inhibition as a promising strategy in oncology target therapy.
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Jiang H, Li AM, Ye J. The magic bullet: Niclosamide. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1004978. [PMID: 36479072 PMCID: PMC9720275 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1004978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The term 'magic bullet' is a scientific concept proposed by the German Nobel laureate Paul Ehrlich in 1907, describing a medicine that could specifically and efficiently target a disease without harming the body. Oncologists have been looking for a magic bullet for cancer therapy ever since. However, the current therapies for cancers-including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy-pose either pan-cytotoxicity or only single-target efficacy, precluding their ability to function as a magic bullet. Intriguingly, niclosamide, an FDA-approved drug for treating tapeworm infections with an excellent safety profile, displays broad anti-cancer activity in a variety of contexts. In particular, niclosamide inhibits multiple oncogenic pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Ras, Stat3, Notch, E2F-Myc, NF-κB, and mTOR and activates tumor suppressor signaling pathways such as p53, PP2A, and AMPK. Moreover, niclosamide potentially improves immunotherapy by modulating pathways such as PD-1/PDL-1. We recently discovered that niclosamide ethanolamine (NEN) reprograms cellular metabolism through its uncoupler function, consequently remodeling the cellular epigenetic landscape to promote differentiation. Inspired by the promising results from the pre-clinical studies, several clinical trials are ongoing to assess the therapeutic effect of niclosamide in cancer patients. This current review summarizes the functions, mechanism of action, and potential applications of niclosamide in cancer therapy as a magic bullet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Albert M. Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jiangbin Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Suryawan A, Rudar M, Naberhuis JK, Fiorotto ML, Davis TA. Preterm birth alters the feeding-induced activation of Akt signaling in the muscle of neonatal piglets. Pediatr Res 2022:10.1038/s41390-022-02382-4. [PMID: 36402914 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postnatal lean mass accretion is commonly reduced in preterm infants. This study investigated mechanisms involved in the blunted feeding-induced activation of Akt in the skeletal muscle of preterm pigs that contributes to lower protein synthesis rates. METHODS On day 3 following cesarean section, preterm and term piglets were fasted or fed an enteral meal. Activation of Akt signaling pathways in skeletal muscle was determined. RESULTS Akt1 and Akt2, but not Akt3, phosphorylation were lower in the skeletal muscle of preterm than in term pigs (P < 0.05). Activation of Akt-positive regulators, PDK1 and mTORC2, but not FAK, were lower in preterm than in term (P < 0.05). The formation of Akt complexes with GAPDH and Hsp90 and the abundance of Ubl4A were lower in preterm than in term (P < 0.05). The abundance of Akt inhibitors, PHLPP and SHIP2, but not PTEN and IP6K1, were higher in preterm than in term pigs (P < 0.05). PP2A activation was inhibited by feeding in term but not in preterm pigs (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that preterm birth impairs regulatory components involved in Akt activation, thereby limiting the anabolic response to feeding. This anabolic resistance likely contributes to the reduced lean accretion following preterm birth. IMPACT The Akt-mTORC1 pathway plays an important role in the regulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis in neonates. This is the first evidence to demonstrate that, following preterm birth, the postprandial activation of positive regulators of Akt in the skeletal muscle is reduced, whereas the activation of negative regulators of Akt is enhanced. This anabolic resistance of Akt signaling in response to feeding likely contributes to the reduced accretion of lean mass in premature infants. These results may provide potential novel molecular targets for intervention to enhance lean growth in preterm neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agus Suryawan
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marko Rudar
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Jane K Naberhuis
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marta L Fiorotto
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Teresa A Davis
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Prodigiosin inhibits the proliferation of glioblastoma by regulating the KIAA1524/PP2A signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18527. [PMID: 36323805 PMCID: PMC9630538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23186-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodigiosin (PG), a member of a family of natural red pigments produced by a variety of bacteria, was first discovered in Serratia marcescens. PG has been reported to have an apoptosis-inducing effect in many cancers, such as lymphoma, colon cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. For this study, we used three glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines (LN229, U251 and A172) to explore the effect of prodigiosin on GBM cells. A CCK8 assay was used to evaluate cell viability. We determinedthe cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry and measured proliferation by an EdU incorporation assay. The expression of different molecules was investigated by western blotting and RT-PCR. We further confirmed our results by plasmid transfection and lentiviral transduction. The LN229 xenograft model was used to study the effect of prodigiosin in vivo. We confirmed that prodigiosin played an anticancer role in several GBM cell lines through the KIAA1524/PP2A/Akt signalling pathway. Prodigiosin inhibited the protein expression of KIAA1524 by suppressing its transcription, which led to activation of PP2A. Afterward, PP2A inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, thereby inducing increased expression of p53/p21. Furthermore, it was verified that prodigiosin inhibited the KIAA1524/PP2A/Akt axis in vivo in the LN229 xenograft model. These data improve the understanding of the anticancer effects of prodigiosin and further highlight the potential of prodigiosin for the development of anti-glioma drugs.
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Ronk H, Rosenblum JS, Kung T, Zhuang Z. Targeting PP2A for cancer therapeutic modulation. Cancer Biol Med 2022; 19:1428-1439. [PMID: 36342229 PMCID: PMC9630519 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatases play essential roles as negative regulators of kinases and signaling cascades involved in cytoskeletal organization. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is highly conserved and is the predominant serine/threonine phosphatase in the nervous system, constituting more than 70% of all neuronal phosphatases. PP2A is involved in diverse regulatory functions, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and DNA repair. Although PP2A has historically been identified as a tumor suppressor, inhibition of PP2A has paradoxically demonstrated potential as a therapeutic target for various cancers. LB100, a water-soluble, small-molecule competitive inhibitor of PP2A, has shown particular promise as a chemo- and radio-sensitizing agent. Preclinical success has led to a profusion of clinical trials on LB100 adjuvant therapies, including a phase I trial in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer, a phase I/II trial in myelodysplastic syndrome, a phase II trial in recurrent glioblastoma, and a completed phase I trial assessing the safety of LB100 and docetaxel in various relapsed solid tumors. Herein, we review the development of LB100, the role of PP2A in cancer biology, and recent advances in targeting PP2A inhibition in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halle Ronk
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jared S. Rosenblum
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Timothy Kung
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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49
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Baker EK, Solivio B, Pode-Shakked B, Cross LA, Sullivan B, Raas-Rothschild A, Chorin O, Barel O, Bar-Yosef O, Husami A, Hopkin RJ, Prada CE, Stottmann RW, Weaver KN. PPP2R1A neurodevelopmental disorder is associated with congenital heart defects. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:3262-3277. [PMID: 36209351 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a heterotrimeric serine/threonine phosphatase that regulates numerous biological processes. PPP2R1A encodes the scaffolding "Aα" subunit of PP2A. To date, nearly 40 patients have been previously reported with 19 different pathogenic PPP2R1A variants, with phenotypes including intellectual disability, developmental delay, epilepsy, infant agenesis/dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, and dysmorphic features. Apart from a single case, severe congenital heart defects (CHD) have not been described. We report four new unrelated individuals with pathogenic heterozygous PPP2R1A variants and CHD and model the crystal structure of several variants to investigate mechanisms of phenotype disparity. Individuals 1 and 2 have a previously described variant (c.548G>A, p.R183Q) and similar phenotypes with severe ventriculomegaly, agenesis/dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, and severe CHD. Individual 3 also has a recurrent variant (c.544C>T, p.R182W) and presented with agenesis of corpus callosum, ventriculomegaly, mild pulmonic stenosis, and small patent foramen ovale. Individual 4 has a novel variant (c.536C>A, p.P179H), ventriculomegaly, and atrial septal defect. To conclude, we propose expansion of the phenotype of PPP2R1A neurodevelopmental disorder to include CHD. Further, the R183Q variant has now been described in three individuals, all with severe neurologic abnormalities, severe CHD, and early death suggesting that this variant may be particularly deleterious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Baker
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Beulah Solivio
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Steve & Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ben Pode-Shakked
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Laura Ann Cross
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Bonnie Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Annick Raas-Rothschild
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Odelia Chorin
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ortal Barel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Genomic Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Omer Bar-Yosef
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ammar Husami
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert J Hopkin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Carlos E Prada
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rolf W Stottmann
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Steve & Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kathryn Nicole Weaver
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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50
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Kokot T, Köhn M. Emerging insights into serine/threonine-specific phosphoprotein phosphatase function and selectivity. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:277104. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Protein phosphorylation on serine and threonine residues is a widely distributed post-translational modification on proteins that acts to regulate their function. Phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPPs) contribute significantly to a plethora of cellular functions through the accurate dephosphorylation of phosphorylated residues. Most PPPs accomplish their purpose through the formation of complex holoenzymes composed of a catalytic subunit with various regulatory subunits. PPP holoenzymes then bind and dephosphorylate substrates in a highly specific manner. Despite the high prevalence of PPPs and their important role for cellular function, their mechanisms of action in the cell are still not well understood. Nevertheless, substantial experimental advancements in (phospho-)proteomics, structural and computational biology have contributed significantly to a better understanding of PPP biology in recent years. This Review focuses on recent approaches and provides an overview of substantial new insights into the complex mechanism of PPP holoenzyme regulation and substrate selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kokot
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg 1 , Freiburg 79104 , Germany
- University of Freiburg, 2 Faculty of Biology , Freiburg 79104 , Germany
| | - Maja Köhn
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg 1 , Freiburg 79104 , Germany
- University of Freiburg, 2 Faculty of Biology , Freiburg 79104 , Germany
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