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Lan X, Fu S, Song J, Leu S, Shen J, Kong Y, Kang S, Yuan X, Liu H. Structural changes of hemicellulose during pulping process and its interaction with nanocellulose. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:127772. [PMID: 37913887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
It is believed that hemicellulose plays a crucial role in binding cellulose and lignin in plant cells. It may provide significant implications through figuring out the interaction between hemicellulose and microfibers and gaining insights how the structure of hemicellulose affects its association with cellulose nanofibers. Herein, the hemicellulose and nanocellulose fractions from pulps obtained by controlling the H-factors of kraft pulping process were quantitatively evaluated for their adsorption behavior using QCM-D. The results showed that harsher cooking (corresponding to high H-factor) significantly affected the chemical composition of hemicellulose, leading to a decrease of its molecular weight and gradually turning it into a linear structure. Hemicellulose possesses a strong natural affinity for CNC-coated sensors. The hemicellulose from the pulp cooked by high H-factor process decreases its ability to adsorb onto nanocellulose, the adsorption rate also slows down, and the conformation of the adsorbed layer changes which makes the binding weak and reversible. In conclusion, the pulping process in high H-factor significantly changed the structure of hemicellulose, leading to a variation in the strength of its interaction with nanocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shiyu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Junlong Song
- Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shaoyuan Leu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Juanli Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shaomin Kang
- Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Wang Y, Alipoormazandarani N, Puumala LS, Gao W, Liu S, Kong F, Wang Q, Fatehi P. Amphiphilic Lignin Nanoparticles Made from Lignin-Acrylic Acid-Methyl Methacrylate Copolymers. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152612. [PMID: 35957040 PMCID: PMC9370363 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel amphiphilic KL-AA-MMA nanoparticle was prepared through the graft copolymerization of kraft lignin (KL) with acrylic acid (AA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA), using potassium persulfate as an initiator in a water/dimethyl sulfoxide solvent medium, which was followed by the nanoprecipitation technique using dimethylformamide as a solvent and deionized water as an antisolvent. The successful graft polymerization was verified by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 31P-NMR, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses; and the grafting yield of the generated KL-AA-MMA copolymer ranged from 68.2% to 96.5%. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation revealed the formation of amorphous KL-AA-MMA nanoparticles. Additionally, KL-AA-MMA9 nanoparticles with the highest yield exhibited the minimum hydrodynamic diameter and polydispersity of 261 nm and 0.153, respectively. Moreover, the amphiphilicity of KL-AA-MMA nanoparticles was significantly improved by the grafting of MMA monomers. Finally, the adsorption performance of KL-AA-MMA nanoparticles at the xylene interface was evaluated by a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). The results demonstrated that the most amphiphilic sample, KL-AA-MMA9 nanoparticles, with the smallest hydrodynamic size displayed the highest adsorption on the oil/water interface. This product provides a wide range of applications in oil/water emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Y.W.); (S.L.); (F.K.)
- Green Processes Research Centre, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (N.A.); (L.S.P.); (W.G.)
| | - Niloofar Alipoormazandarani
- Green Processes Research Centre, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (N.A.); (L.S.P.); (W.G.)
| | - Lauren Skye Puumala
- Green Processes Research Centre, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (N.A.); (L.S.P.); (W.G.)
| | - Weijue Gao
- Green Processes Research Centre, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (N.A.); (L.S.P.); (W.G.)
| | - Shanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Y.W.); (S.L.); (F.K.)
| | - Fangong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Y.W.); (S.L.); (F.K.)
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Y.W.); (S.L.); (F.K.)
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (P.F.); Tel.: +1-(807)-343-8697 (P.F.)
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Y.W.); (S.L.); (F.K.)
- Green Processes Research Centre, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (N.A.); (L.S.P.); (W.G.)
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (P.F.); Tel.: +1-(807)-343-8697 (P.F.)
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3
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Liu T, Wang P, Tian J, Guo J, Zhu W, Jin Y, Xiao H, Song J. Polystyrene sulfonate is effective for enhancing biomass enzymatic saccharification under green liquor pretreatment in bioenergy poplar. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:10. [PMID: 35418140 PMCID: PMC8783513 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water-soluble lignin (particularly lignosulfonate, LS) has been well documented for its significance on enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulose, though the promotion mechanism has not been fully understood. Much attention has been paid to natural lignin or its derivatives. The disadvantage of using natural lignin-based polymers as promoting agents lies in the difficulty in tailor-incorporating functional groups due to their complex 3D structures. To further improve our understanding on the promotion mechanism of water-soluble lignin in the bioconversion of lignocellulose and to pursue better alternatives with different skeleton structures other than natural lignin, herein we reported a synthetic soluble linear aromatic polymer, sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), to mimic LS for enhancing the efficiency of enzymatic saccharification. RESULTS The role of PSS in enzymatic saccharification of pure cellulose and green liquor-pretreated poplar (GL-P) was explored by analyzing substrate enzymatic digestibility (SED) under different addition dosages and various pH media, along with LS for comparison. At the cellulase loading of 13.3 FPU/g-glucan, the glucose yield of GL-P increased from 53% for the control to 81.5% with PSS addition of 0.1 g/g-substrate. It outperformed LS with the addition of 0.2 g/g-substrate by 6.3%. In the pH range from 4.5 to 6, PSS showed a positive effect on lignocellulose saccharification with the optimum pH at 4.8, where the most pronounced SED of GL-P was achieved. The underlying mechanism was unveiled by measuring zeta potential and using Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) and Multi-parametric Surface Plasmon Resonance (MP-SPR). The results confirmed that the complexes of cellulase and PSS were conjugated and the negatively supercharged complexes reduced non-productive binding effectively along with the improved saccharification efficiency. The thickness of PSS required to block the binding sites of cellulase film was less than half of that of LS, and the PSS adlayer on cellulase film is also more hydrated and with a much lower shear modulus than LS adlayer. CONCLUSIONS PSS as LS analogue is effective for enhancing the biomass enzymatic saccharification of GL-pretreated poplar. PSS exhibited a severer inhibition on the enzymatic saccharification of pure cellulose, while a more positive effect on bioconversion of lignocellulose (GL-P) than LS. In addition, a much lower dosage is required by PSS. The dynamic enzymatic hydrolysis indicated PSS could prolong the processive activity of cellulase. The valid data stemmed from QCM and SPR expressed that PSS bound to cellulases and the as-formed complexes reduced the non-productive adsorption of cellulase onto substrate lignin more efficiently than LS due to its flexible skeleton and highly hydrated structure. Therefore, PSS is a promising alternative promoting agent for lignocellulose saccharification. From another perspective, the synthetic lignin mimics with controllable structures enable us to reach an in-depth understanding of the promotion mechanism of soluble lignins on enzymatic saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jing Tian
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Wenyuan Zhu
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Junlong Song
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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4
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Adsorption and Conformation Behavior of Lysozyme on a Gold Surface Determined by QCM-D, MP-SPR, and FTIR. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031322. [PMID: 33525751 PMCID: PMC7865459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of protein layers at the solid–liquid interface are essential in many biological processes. This study aimed to link the structural analysis of adsorbed lysozyme at the water/gold surface at pH 7.5 in a wide range of concentrations. Particular attention was paid to the protein’s structural stability and the hydration of the protein layers formed at the interface. Complementary methods such as multi-parameter surface plasmon resonance (MP-SPR), quartz crystal microbalance with energy dissipation (QCM-D), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used for this purpose. The MP-SPR and QCM-D studies showed that, during the formation of a monolayer on the gold surface, the molecules’ orientation changes from side-on to end-on. In addition, bilayer formation is observed when adsorbing in the high-volume concentration range >500 ppm. The degree of hydration of the monolayer and bilayer varies depending on the degree of surface coverage. The hydration of the system decreases with filling the layer in both the monolayer and the bilayer. Hydration for the monolayer varies in the range of 50–70%, because the bilayer is much higher than 80%. The degree of hydration of the adsorption layer has a crucial influence on the protein layers’ viscoelastic properties. In general, an increase in the filling of a layer is characterized by a rise in its rigidity. The use of infrared spectroscopy allowed us to determine the changes taking place in the secondary structure of lysozyme due to its interaction with the gold surface. Upon adsorption, the content of II-structures corresponding to β-turn and random lysozyme structures increases, with a simultaneous decrease in the content of the β-sheet. The increase in the range of β-turn in the structure determines the lysozyme structure’s stability and prevents its aggregation.
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5
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Lyu Y, Yu J, Guo M, Wang K, Yu Z, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Chen L. New insights into interaction of proteins in extracellular polymeric substances of activated sludge with ciprofloxacin using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128044. [PMID: 33297059 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Proteins in extracellular polymeric substances play a vital role in adsorbing organic contaminants in biological wastewater treatment processes, but there is still lack of a fast and effective approach to monitor their interaction. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) was used to investigate the binding and viscoelastic properties of ciprofloxacin (CIP) on extracellular proteins from activated sludge by a two-step sequential deposition method. A saturated viscoelastic monolayer of proteins was formed on the crystal by injecting 500 mg L-1 extracellular proteins. Binding of CIP with the extracellular proteins film followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation and Langmuir model, with the maximum binding capacity of 172.4 mg g-1. The binding mass, energy dissipation, and reaction rate constant increased with increasing CIP concentration. A strong binding was obtained at pH 5, suggesting electrostatic interactions as the dominating binding mechanism. Cations inhibited CIP binding with extracellular proteins, probably due to cations competition. Two binding periods were distinguished according to the viscoelastic properties of CIP layer: viscous binding in the initial period and elastic towards binding saturation. Results highlighted QCM-D as an effective and real-time technique to evaluate the role of extracellular proteins in contaminants removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lyu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Minhui Guo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zhenxun Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lingxiao Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
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6
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Ergün A, Tümer EH, Cengiz HY, Deligöz H. Monitoring the Salt Stability of Layer‐by‐Layer Self‐Assembled Films From Polyelectrolyte Blends by Quartz Crystal Microbalance‐Dissipation and Their Ion Separation Performances. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayça Ergün
- Chemical Engineeringİstanbul University‐Cerrahpaşa, Engineering Faculty 34320 Avcılar, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Eda Hazal Tümer
- Engineering Faculty, Chemical EngineeringGebze Technical University 41400 Gebze Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Hacer Yeşim Cengiz
- Chemical Engineeringİstanbul University‐Cerrahpaşa, Engineering Faculty 34320 Avcılar, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Deligöz
- Chemical Engineeringİstanbul University‐Cerrahpaşa, Engineering Faculty 34320 Avcılar, İstanbul Turkey
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7
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Biocompatibility of Plasma-Treated Polymeric Implants. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12020240. [PMID: 30642038 PMCID: PMC6356963 DOI: 10.3390/ma12020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the main causes of mortality in the modern world. Scientist all around the world are trying to improve medical treatment, but the success of the treatment significantly depends on the stage of disease progression. In the last phase of disease, the treatment is possible only by implantation of artificial graft. Most commonly used materials for artificial grafts are polymer materials. Despite different industrial procedures for graft fabrication, their properties are still not optimal. Grafts with small diameters (<6 mm) are the most problematic, because the platelets are more likely to re-adhere. This causes thrombus formation. Recent findings indicate that platelet adhesion is primarily influenced by blood plasma proteins that adsorb to the surface immediately after contact of a synthetic material with blood. Fibrinogen is a key blood protein responsible for the mechanisms of activation, adhesion and aggregation of platelets. Plasma treatment is considered as one of the promising methods for improving hemocompatibility of synthetic materials. Another method is endothelialization of materials with Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial cells, thus forming a uniform layer of endothelial cells on the surface. Extensive literature review led to the conclusion that in this area, despite numerous studies there are no available standardized methods for testing the hemocompatibility of biomaterials. In this review paper, the most promising methods to gain biocompatibility of synthetic materials are reported; several hypotheses to explain the improvement in hemocompatibility of plasma treated polymer surfaces are proposed.
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8
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Ghavidel N, Fatehi P. Synergistic effect of lignin incorporation into polystyrene for producing sustainable superadsorbent. RSC Adv 2019; 9:17639-17652. [PMID: 35520539 PMCID: PMC9064571 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02526j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin has gained intensive interest as an excellent raw material for the generation of advanced green products. Polystyrene (PS) is known for its worldwide application in water purification processes. To induce a sustainable PS, kraft lignin (KL) and polystyrene were polymerized via free radical polymerization in a facile aqueous emulsion process. KL enhanced surface area and porosity of PS. The physicochemical properties of induced KL–PS were analyzed, and the fate of lignin in KL–PS was discussed fundamentally. Wettability and surface energy analyses were implemented to monitor the surface properties of KL, PS and KL–PS. Incorporation of KL in PS (40 wt%) boosted its surface energy and oxygen content, which led to KL–PS with better compatibility than PS with copper ions in aqueous systems. A quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) confirmed the noticeably higher adsorption performance of copper ion on KL–PS than on PS and KL. The sorption mechanism, which was revealed by FTIR studies, was primarily attributed to the coordination of Cu(ii) and hydroxyl group of KL–PS as well as the quadrupolar system of KL–PS. Lignin has gained intensive interest as an excellent raw material for the generation of advanced green products.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ghavidel
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department
- Lakehead University
- Thunder Bay
- Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department
- Lakehead University
- Thunder Bay
- Canada
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9
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Saftics A, Prósz GA, Türk B, Peter B, Kurunczi S, Horvath R. In situ viscoelastic properties and chain conformations of heavily hydrated carboxymethyl dextran layers: a comparative study using OWLS and QCM-I chips coated with waveguide material. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11840. [PMID: 30087383 PMCID: PMC6081421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydration, viscoelastic properties and dominant structure of thin polymer layers on the surface of waveguide material were evaluated using optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (OWLS) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) methods. The fundamentally different principles of the two applied label-free biosensors enable to examine analyte layers from complementary aspects, e.g. to determine the amount of bound water in hydrated layers. In this study, a new QCM instrument with impedance measurement (QCM-I) is introduced. Its specially designed sensor chips, covered by thin film of waveguide material, supply identical surface as used in OWLS sensors, thus enabling to perform parallel measurements on the same type of surface. Viscoelastic analysis of the measured data was performed by our evaluation code developed in MATLAB environment, using the Voinova's Voigt-based model. In situ deposition experiments on the ultrathin films of poly(L-lysine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) were conducted for instrumental and code validation. Additionally, a novel OWLS-QCM data evaluation methodology has been developed based on the concept of combining hydration and viscoelastic data with optical anisotropy results from OWLS measurements. This methodology provided insight into the time-dependent chain conformation of heavily hydrated nano-scaled layers, resulting in unprecedented structural, hydration and viscoelastic information on covalently grafted ultrathin carboxymethyl dextran (CMD) films. The measured mass values as well as hydration and viscoelastic properties were compared with the characteristics of PLL-g-PEG layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Saftics
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest, 1111, Hungary
| | - György Aurél Prósz
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - Barbara Türk
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest, 1111, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Peter
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kurunczi
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - Robert Horvath
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest, 1121, Hungary.
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10
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Pape AC, Ippel BD, Dankers PYW. Cell and Protein Fouling Properties of Polymeric Mixtures Containing Supramolecular Poly(ethylene glycol) Additives. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:4076-4082. [PMID: 28363017 PMCID: PMC5413964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fouling properties of new biomaterials are important for the performance of a material in a biological environment. Here, a set of three supramolecular polymeric additives consisting of ureidopyrimidinone (UPy)-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (UPyPEG) were formulated with UPy-modified polycaprolactone into thin supramolecular material films. The antifouling properties of these material films were determined by investigation of the relation of cell adhesion and protein adsorption on these materials films. The presence of the UPyPEG additives at the surface of the films was evident by an increased hydrophilicity. Adhesion of human epithelial and endothelial cells was strongly reduced for two of the UPyPEG-containing films. Analysis of adsorption of the first three proteins from the Vroman series, albumin, γ-globulin, and fibrinogen, using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation in combination with viscoelastic modeling, revealed that the surfaces containing the UPyPEG additives had a limited effect on adsorption of these proteins. Despite a limited reduction of protein adsorption, UPyPEG-containing mixtures were non-cell-adhesive, which shows that non-cell-adhesive properties of supramolecular polymer surfaces are not always directly correlated to protein adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C.
H. Pape
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory for Chemical Biology, and Laboratory for
Cell and Tissue Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan D. Ippel
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory for Chemical Biology, and Laboratory for
Cell and Tissue Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y. W. Dankers
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory for Chemical Biology, and Laboratory for
Cell and Tissue Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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11
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Recek N, Primc G, Vesel A, Mozetic M, Avila J, Razado-Colambo I, Asensio MC. Degradation of Albumin on Plasma-Treated Polystyrene by Soft X-ray Exposure. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8070244. [PMID: 30974519 PMCID: PMC6431894 DOI: 10.3390/polym8070244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thin films of human serum albumin (HSA) were immobilized on polystyrene (PS) substrates previously functionalized either with polar or nonpolar functional groups. The functionalization was performed by treatment with cold gaseous plasma created in pure oxygen and tetrafluoromethane (CF4) plasmas, respectively. Samples were examined with soft X-rays in the photon energy range of 520 to 710 eV in the ANTARES beam line at SOLEIL Synchrotron. NEXAFS spectra of O K-edge and F K-edge were collected at different spots of the sample, and measurements at each spot were repeated many times. A strong degradation of the HSA protein was observed. The weakly irradiated samples exhibited strong absorption at 531.5 eV associated with the O 1s→π*amide transitions, and a broad non distinctive peak at 540 eV was attributed to the O 1s→σ*C–O transitions. Both peaks decreased with increasing irradiation time until they were completely replaced by a broad non-distinctive peak at around 532 eV, indicating the destruction of the original protein conformation. The shortage of the amide groups indicated breakage of the peptide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Recek
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | - Gregor Primc
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | - Alenka Vesel
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | - Miran Mozetic
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | - José Avila
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL & Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Aubin, BP48, Gif sur Yvette Cedex F91192, France.
| | - Ivy Razado-Colambo
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL & Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Aubin, BP48, Gif sur Yvette Cedex F91192, France.
| | - Maria C Asensio
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL & Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Aubin, BP48, Gif sur Yvette Cedex F91192, France.
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12
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Tanaka R, Saito T, Hänninen T, Ono Y, Hakalahti M, Tammelin T, Isogai A. Viscoelastic Properties of Core–Shell-Structured, Hemicellulose-Rich Nanofibrillated Cellulose in Dispersion and Wet-Film States. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2104-11. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reina Tanaka
- Department
of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tsuguyuki Saito
- Department
of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tuomas Hänninen
- Department
of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Yuko Ono
- Department
of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Minna Hakalahti
- High
Performance Fibre Products, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- High
Performance Fibre Products, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Akira Isogai
- Department
of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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13
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Utilisation of Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensors with Dissipation (QCM-D) for a Clauss Fibrinogen Assay in Comparison with Common Coagulation Reference Methods. SENSORS 2016; 16:282. [PMID: 26927107 PMCID: PMC4813857 DOI: 10.3390/s16030282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The determination of fibrinogen levels is one of the most important coagulation measurements in medicine. It plays a crucial part in diagnostic and therapeutic decisions, often associated with time-critical conditions. The commonly used measurement is the Clauss fibrinogen assay (CFA) where plasma is activated by thrombin reagent and which is conducted by mechanical/turbidimetric devices. As quartz crystal microbalance sensors with dissipation (QCM-D) based devices have a small footprint, can be operated easily and allow measurements independently from sample transportation time, laboratory location, availability and opening hours, they offer a great opportunity to complement laboratory CFA measurements. Therefore, the objective of the work was to (1) transfer the CFA to the QCM-D method; (2) develop an easy, time- and cost-effective procedure and (3) compare the results with references. Different sensor coatings (donor’s own plasma; gold surface) and different QCM-D parameters (frequency signal shift; its calculated turning point; dissipation signal shift) were sampled. The results demonstrate the suitability for a QCM-D-based CFA in physiological fibrinogen ranges. Results were obtained in less than 1 min and in very good agreement with a standardized reference (Merlin coagulometer). The results provide a good basis for further investigation and pave the way to a possible application of QCM-D in clinical and non-clinical routine in the medical field.
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14
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Protein-targeted corona phase molecular recognition. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10241. [PMID: 26742890 PMCID: PMC4729864 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Corona phase molecular recognition (CoPhMoRe) uses a heteropolymer adsorbed onto and templated by a nanoparticle surface to recognize a specific target analyte. This method has not yet been extended to macromolecular analytes, including proteins. Herein we develop a variant of a CoPhMoRe screening procedure of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and use it against a panel of human blood proteins, revealing a specific corona phase that recognizes fibrinogen with high selectivity. In response to fibrinogen binding, SWCNT fluorescence decreases by >80% at saturation. Sequential binding of the three fibrinogen nodules is suggested by selective fluorescence quenching by isolated sub-domains and validated by the quenching kinetics. The fibrinogen recognition also occurs in serum environment, at the clinically relevant fibrinogen concentrations in the human blood. These results open new avenues for synthetic, non-biological antibody analogues that recognize biological macromolecules, and hold great promise for medical and clinical applications. Corona phase molecular recognition (CoPhMoRe) involves the deposition of a heteropolymer onto a nanoparticle surface, providing a recognition site for a given analyte. Here, the authors show that CoPhMoRe can be used to selectively detect proteins (fibrinogen) with high selectivity, including in a complex serum environment.
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15
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Kubiak K, Adamczyk Z, Cieśla M. Fibrinogen adsorption mechanisms at the gold substrate revealed by QCM-D measurements and RSA modeling. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 139:123-31. [PMID: 26705826 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption kinetics of fibrinogen at a gold substrate at various pHs was thoroughly studied using the QCM-D method. The experimental were interpreted in terms of theoretical calculations performed according to the random sequential adsorption model (RSA). In this way, the hydration functions and water factors of fibrinogen monolayers were quantitatively evaluated at various pHs. It was revealed that for the lower range of fibrinogen coverage the hydration function were considerably lower than previously obtained for the silica sensor [33]. The lower hydration of fibrinogen monolayers on the gold sensor was attributed to its higher roughness. However, for higher fibrinogen coverage the hydration functions for both sensors became identical exhibiting an universal behavior. By using the hydration functions, the fibrinogen adsorption/desorption runs derived from QCM-D measurements were converted to the Γd vs. the time relationships. This allowed to precisely determine the maximum coverage that varied between 1.6mgm(-2) at pH 3.5 and 4.5mgm(-2) at pH 7.4 (for ionic strength of 0.15M). These results agree with theoretical eRSA modeling and previous experimental data derived by using ellipsometry, OWLS and TIRF. Various fibrinogen adsorption mechanisms were revealed by exploiting the maximum coverage data. These results allow one to develop a method for preparing fibrinogen monolayers of well-controlled coverage and molecule orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kubiak
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Cracow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Adamczyk
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Michał Cieśla
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
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16
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Jiang L, Han J, Yang L, Ma H, Huang B. Interactions of hyaluronan grafted on protein surfaces studied using a quartz crystal microbalance and a surface force balance. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:7276-7287. [PMID: 26274046 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vocal folds are complex and multilayer-structured where the main layer is widely composed of hyaluronan (HA). The viscoelasticity of HA is key to voice production in the vocal fold as it affects the initiation and maintenance of phonation. In this study a simple layer-structured surface model was set up to mimic the structure of the vocal folds. The interactions between two opposing surfaces bearing HA were measured and characterised to analyse HA's response to the normal and shear compression at a stress level similar to that in the vocal fold. From the measurements of the quartz crystal microbalance, atomic force microscopy and the surface force balance, the osmotic pressure, normal interactions, elasticity change, volume fraction, refractive index and friction of both HA and the supporting protein layer were obtained. These findings may shed light on the physical mechanism of HA function in the vocal fold and the specific role of HA as an important component in the effective treatment of the vocal fold disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum, 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China.
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17
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de Guzman RC, Tsuda SM, Ton MTN, Zhang X, Esker AR, Van Dyke ME. Binding Interactions of Keratin-Based Hair Fiber Extract to Gold, Keratin, and BMP-2. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137233. [PMID: 26317522 PMCID: PMC4552821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair-derived keratin biomaterials composed mostly of reduced keratin proteins (kerateines) have demonstrated their utility as carriers of biologics and drugs for tissue engineering. Electrostatic forces between negatively-charged keratins and biologic macromolecules allow for effective drug retention; attraction to positively-charged growth factors like bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) has been used as a strategy for osteoinduction. In this study, the intermolecular surface and bulk interaction properties of kerateines were investigated. Thiol-rich kerateines were chemisorbed onto gold substrates to form an irreversible 2-nm rigid layer for surface plasmon resonance analysis. Kerateine-to-kerateine cohesion was observed in pH-neutral water with an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 1.8 × 10(-4) M, indicating that non-coulombic attractive forces (i.e. hydrophobic and van der Waals) were at work. The association of BMP-2 to kerateine was found to be greater (KD = 1.1 × 10(-7) M), within the range of specific binding. Addition of salts (phosphate-buffered saline; PBS) shortened the Debye length or the electrostatic field influence which weakened the kerateine-BMP-2 binding (KD = 3.2 × 10(-5) M). BMP-2 in bulk kerateine gels provided a limited release in PBS (~ 10% dissociation in 4 weeks), suggesting that electrostatic intermolecular attraction was significant to retain BMP-2 within the keratin matrix. Complete dissociation between kerateine and BMP-2 occurred when the PBS pH was lowered (to 4.5), below the keratin isoelectric point of 5.3. This phenomenon can be attributed to the protonation of keratin at a lower pH, leading to positive-positive repulsion. Therefore, the dynamics of kerateine-BMP-2 binding is highly dependent on pH and salt concentration, as well as on BMP-2 solubility at different pH and molarity. The study findings may contribute to our understanding of the release kinetics of drugs from keratin biomaterials and allow for the development of better, more clinically relevant BMP-2-conjugated systems for bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roche C. de Guzman
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Shanel M. Tsuda
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Minh-Thi N. Ton
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Alan R. Esker
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mark E. Van Dyke
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
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18
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Bai H, Xu J, Zhang Y, Liu X, Rojas OJ. Dynamics of cyclodimerization and viscoelasticity of photo-crosslinkable PVA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Jing Xu
- Patent Examination Cooperation Jiangsu Centre of the Patent Office; State Intellectual Property Office; Suzhou Jiangsu 215011 China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Department of Forest Products Technology; School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University; P.O. Box 16300 00076 Aalto
- Department of Forest Biomaterials; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department of Forest Products Technology; School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University; P.O. Box 16300 00076 Aalto
- Department of Forest Biomaterials; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695
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19
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Sasahara K, Morigaki K, Shinya K. Amyloid aggregation and deposition of human islet amyloid polypeptide at membrane interfaces. FEBS J 2014; 281:2597-612. [PMID: 24702784 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid deposition of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) within the islets of Langerhans is a pathological feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Substantial evidence indicates that the membrane-mediated aggregation and subsequent deposition of hIAPP are linked to dysfunction and death of pancreatic β-cells, but the molecular processes of hIAPP deposition are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the membrane-mediated aggregation and deposition of hIAPP at supported planar lipid bilayers with and without raft components (i.e. cholesterol and sphingomyelin) to provide insight into hIAPP-induced membrane dysfunction. The adsorption of hIAPP onto the bilayers was studied using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, which showed enhanced accumulation of the peptide onto the bilayer containing raft components. Microscope observations demonstrated the growth of the aggregates formed from the membrane-adsorbed hIAPP. The examination of the membrane interfaces revealed that hIAPP aggregates retained the ability to associate with the membranes during the aggregation process, resulting in insertion of the aggregates into the bilayers. We also report the inhibitory effect of insulin on the hIAPP deposition. These findings demonstrate the aggregation of hIAPP at the membrane interfaces leading to amyloid deposits associated with the membrane and suggest a role for insulin in hIAPP deposition. A presumed mechanism regulating hIAPP deposition at the membrane interfaces is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sasahara
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Japan
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20
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Protein adsorption on various plasma-treated polyethylene terephthalate substrates. Molecules 2013; 18:12441-63. [PMID: 24152668 PMCID: PMC6270017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181012441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein adhesion and cell response to plasma-treated polymer surfaces were studied. The polymer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was treated in either an oxygen plasma to make the surface hydrophilic, or a tetrafluoromethane CF4 plasma to make the surface hydrophobic. The plasma source was radiofrequency (RF) discharge. The adsorption of albumin and other proteins from a cell-culture medium onto these surfaces was studied using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The cellular response to plasma-treated surfaces was studied as well using an MTT assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The fastest adsorption rate was found on the hydrophilic oxygen plasma-treated sample, and the lowest was found on the pristine untreated sample. Additionally, the amount of adsorbed proteins was higher for the oxygen-plasma-treated surface, and the adsorbed layer was more viscoelastic. In addition, cell adhesion studies support this finding because the best cell adhesion was observed on oxygen-plasma-treated substrates.
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21
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Jaganjac M, Vesel A, Milkovic L, Recek N, Kolar M, Zarkovic N, Latiff A, Kleinschek KS, Mozetic M. Oxygen-rich coating promotes binding of proteins and endothelialization of polyethylene terephthalate polymers. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:2305-14. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morana Jaganjac
- Toxicology and Multipurpose; Anti Doping Lab Qatar; Doha State of Qatar
- Divison Molecular Medicine; Rudjer Boskovic Institute; 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Alenka Vesel
- Plasma Laboratory; Jozef Stefan Institute; 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Lidija Milkovic
- Divison Molecular Medicine; Rudjer Boskovic Institute; 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Nina Recek
- Plasma Laboratory; Jozef Stefan Institute; 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Metod Kolar
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor; 2000 Maribor Slovenia
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Divison Molecular Medicine; Rudjer Boskovic Institute; 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Aishah Latiff
- Toxicology and Multipurpose; Anti Doping Lab Qatar; Doha State of Qatar
| | | | - Miran Mozetic
- Plasma Laboratory; Jozef Stefan Institute; 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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