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Qian L, Deng P, Chen F, Cao Y, Sun H, Liao H. The exploration and utilization of functional substances in edible insects: a review. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-022-00090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEdible insects as food have been considered as a core future protein source. Not only are edible insects abundant in nutrient value, but also have numbers of functional substances, which could provide a multiple valuable benefits for humans. This review examines and summarizes the functional substances in edible insects and their special effects for people, as well as the use and prospects for these functional substances. There are many functional substances in edible insects, such as antimicrobial peptides, interferon, sex attractant hormones, cordycepin, active polysaccharides, microelement, chitin/chitosan, steroidal material, vitamin, lecithin, etc., which could provide multiple benefits for human beings. These special functional substances could help people enhance immunity, inhibit tumor, regulate intestinal function, relieve fatigue, anti oxidation, protect against colds, improve sleeping, promote the growth and development, as well as reducing blood sugar and blood pressure, among others. According to these valuable efficacies, the functional substances extracted from edible insects can be exploited mainly in three ways: edible insects are used to discover new medicines or health care products for people; and edible insects are applied in chemical, agricultural, food technology, pollutant treatment and textile sectors; as well as being consumed as animal feedstuff for livestock and other animals, which indirectly meet the different requirements for humans. Currently, edible insects have generated global interest to be developed as different forms of products and has promoted more research and development. However, pupae and larvae are still the main consumption ways in the market, which is unacceptable to most people. It is expected that the edible insect industry would be prosperous and sustainable by integrating the power of beneficial policies and regulations, huge consumer demand and proper strategies of promotion and production.
Graphical Abstract
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Wang C, Li M, Li L, Shen X, Liu Y, Wang S. Strongylocentrotus nudos Egg Polysaccharide induces autophagy and apoptosis in leukaemia cells by regulating mitochondrial function. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:272-283. [PMID: 33289295 PMCID: PMC7810953 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the ability of the Polysaccharide from the Eggs of Strongylocentrotus nudus (SEP) to regulate cellular autophagy and apoptosis in leukaemia cells. Human acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells (HL60) and murine AML cells (L1210) treated with SEP were used to assess viability using Cell Counting Kit‐8, cytotoxicity by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by DCFH‐DA staining. In addition, we utilized a mouse model of leukaemia in which L1210 cells were injected into DBA/2 mice by sub‐axillary injection. Treatment with SEP decreased cell viability, increased in cytotoxicity and increased the release of ROS in a dose‐dependent manner. SEP treatment was also associated with the activation of pro‐apoptotic proteins cleaved caspase‐3, cleaved caspase‐9 and cleaved poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP). Activation of the apoptotic pathway led to the release of cytochrome C (CytoC) into the cytosol of the cell resulting in decreased membrane potential. The effect of SEP treatment was depended on the activation of the nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) signalling pathway as SEP treatment led to an increase in NF‐κB phosphorylation, and inhibition of NF‐κB signalling using PDTC blocked SEP‐mediated activation of apoptosis. Treatment with SEP also prolonged survival time in our leukaemia mouse model and was associated with diminished tumour volume, increased leucocyte and lymphocyte proliferation, promoted pro‐inflammatory factor release in serum and enhanced immune function. Taken together, these data suggest that SEP inhibits the progression of leukaemia by initiating mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and apoptosis via the NF‐κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengya Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingling Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Shen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Immunomodulatory activity of a novel polysaccharide extracted from Huangshui on THP-1 cells through NO production and increased IL-6 and TNF-α expression. Food Chem 2020; 330:127257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Huo J, Wu J, Sun B, Zhao M, Sun W, Sun J, Huang M. Isolation, purification, structure characterization of a novel glucan from Huangshui, a byproduct of Chinese Baijiu, and its immunomodulatory activity in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:406-416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Huo J, Wu J, Huang M, Zhao M, Sun W, Sun X, Zheng F. Structural characterization and immuno-stimulating activities of a novel polysaccharide from Huangshui, a byproduct of Chinese Baijiu. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109493. [PMID: 32846574 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Huangshui (HS), a byproduct of Baijiu, has been widely studied for the utilization of aromatic compounds and microorganisms. However, there is little information on the bioactive polysaccharides in HS. In this study, a novel complex polysaccharide (HSP-2) composed of mannose, glucose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, and rhamnose at approximate percentages of 53.0, 29.6, 11.5, 2.7, 2.1, and 1.0, respectively, was successfully extracted and purified from HS. The results of FT-IR, methylation analysis, and NMR showed that the backbone of HSP-2 was → 2)-β-D-Manp-(1 → 2,6)-β-D-Manp-(1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → 3,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→. In addition, HSP-2 showed significant immuno-stimulating effects via increasing the ROS and NO generation, and enhancing the pinocytic and phagocytic capacities of THP-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, HSP-2 treatment increased IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β secretion through activating the expression of the related mRNAs and proteins. These results will provide a molecular basis for immuno-stimulating effects of HSP-2 and lay a foundation for the potential application of HS in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Huo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jihong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Mingquan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Weizheng Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaotao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Fuping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Dolmatova LS, Dolmatov IY. Different Macrophage Type Triggering as Target of the Action of Biologically Active Substances from Marine Invertebrates. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E37. [PMID: 31906518 PMCID: PMC7024355 DOI: 10.3390/md18010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a fundamental role in the immune system. Depending on the microenvironment stimuli, macrophages can acquire distinct phenotypes characterized with different sets of the markers of their functional activities. Polarization of macrophages towards M1 type (classical activation) is involved in inflammation and the related progression of diseases, while, in contrast, alternatively activated M2 macrophages are associated with the anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Reprogramming macrophages to switch their phenotypes could provide a new therapeutic strategy, and targeting the M1/M2 macrophage balance is a promising current trend in pharmacology. Marine invertebrates are a vast source of the variety of structurally diverse compounds with potent pharmacological activities. For years, a large number of studies concerning the immunomodulatory properties of the marine substances have been run with using some intracellular markers of immune stimulation or suppression irrespective of the possible application of marine compounds in reprogramming of macrophage activation, and only few reports clearly demonstrated the macrophage-polarizing activities of some marine compounds during the last decade. In this review, the data on the immunomodulating effects of the extracts and pure compounds of a variety of chemical structure from species of different classes of marine invertebrates are described with focus on their potential in shifting M1/M2 macrophage balance towards M1 or M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila S. Dolmatova
- V.I. Il‘ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Baltiyskaya 43, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Igor Yu. Dolmatov
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevsky 17, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia;
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Curdlan ( Alcaligenes faecalis) (1→3)-β-d-Glucan Oligosaccharides Drive M1 Phenotype Polarization in Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages via Activation of MAPKs and NF-κB Pathways. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234251. [PMID: 31766621 PMCID: PMC6930549 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional oligosaccharides, particularly curdlan (1→3)-β-d-glucan oligosaccharides (GOS), play important roles in modulating host immune responses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the immunostimulatory effects of GOS on macrophage polarization are not clear. In this work, GOS (5–1000 µg/mL) were non-toxic to bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with improved pinocytic and bactericidal capacities. Incubation with GOS (100 µg/mL) induced M1 phenotype polarization of BMDMs as evidenced by increased CD11c+/CD86+ (10.1%) and M1 gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin (IL)-1β, and chemokine C-C-motif ligand 2. Accordingly, the secretion of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as the nitrite release of BMDMs were increased by GOS (100 µg/mL). Expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) of phosphorylated (p)-c-Jun amino-terminal kinase, p-extracellular signal regulated kinase, and p-p38 in BMDMs were increased by GOS, as well as the p-Stat1. Moreover, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p-p65 expression in BMDMs was promoted by GOS while it suppressed IκBα expression. Receptor blocking with anti-CR3 (CD11b/CD18) and anti-toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 antibodies diminished GOS induced M1 phenotype polarization with reduced mRNA expression of M1 genes, decreased cytokine and nitrite releases, and suppressed signaling pathway activation. Thus, CR3 (CD11b/CD18) and TLR2 mediated activation of MAPKs and NF-κB pathways are responsible for GOS induced polarization of BMDMs.
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Hao H, Fu M, Yan R, He B, Li M, Liu Q, Cai Y, Zhang X, Huang R. Chemical composition and immunostimulatory properties of green alga Caulerpa racemosa var peltata. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1646216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huili Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manqin Fu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baolin He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiabiao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yimian Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Ren Q, Chen J, Ding Y, Cheng J, Yang S, Ding Z, Dai Q, Ding Z. In vitro antioxidant and immunostimulating activities of polysaccharides from Ginkgo biloba leaves. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 124:972-980. [PMID: 30508541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBLs) are used as herbal dietary supplements and medicine worldwide. In this study, crude GBL polysaccharides (GBPSs) were extracted and further purified on a DEAE (diethylaminoethanol) Sepharose Fast Flow column to obtain GBPS-2 and GBPS-3. The molecular weights of GBPS-2 and GBPS-3 were 672 and 723 kDa, respectively. GBPS-2 and GBPS-3 were typical acidic heteropolysaccharides, composed of mannose (Man), rhamnose (Rha), glucuronic acid (GlcA), galacturonic acid (GalA), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), and arabinose (Ara) (molar ratio: 0.08:0.12:0.16:0.06:0.11:1.00:0.32) and Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Gal, and Ara (molar ratio: 0.92:1.00:0.83:0.11:0.42:0.23), respectively. GBPS-2 and GBPS-3 exhibited limited scavenging abilities for the hydroxyl and 2,2‑diphenyl‑1‑picrylhydrazyl radicals as well as noticeable scavenging effects on superoxide radicals and 2,2'‑azino‑bis(3‑ethylbenzothiazoline‑6‑sulphonic acid) radicals. Furthermore, GBPS-2 and GBPS-3 significantly increased the phagocytosis of macrophages and promoted the production of NO, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. Thus, GBPS-2 and GBPS-3 exhibit potential application as functional food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ren
- School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Anhui Institute of Product Quality Supervision and Inspection, Hefei 230051, China
| | - Yu Ding
- First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jianghua Cheng
- Agro-products Processing Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Song Yang
- Agro-products Processing Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhenhua Ding
- Anhui Institute of Product Quality Supervision and Inspection, Hefei 230051, China
| | - Qianying Dai
- School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Zhien Ding
- School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Zha Z, Wang SY, Chu W, Lv Y, Kan H, Chen Q, Zhong L, Yue L, Xiao J, Wang Y, Yin H. Isolation, purification, structural characterization and immunostimulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Lepidium meyenii. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 147:184-193. [PMID: 29353155 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble polysaccharide LMP-1 was isolated and purified by ion-exchange chromatography from maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.). LMP-1 has a molecular weight of 1.01 × 104 Da, and is composed of glucose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.03:1.08. Methylation and the 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy of LMP-1 revealed that it is mainly composed of →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, and β-D-Araf-(1→, with branching at O-6 of →4,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → . LMP-1 showed up-regulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). The upstream proteins of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (CD14 and MD2) and mRNA level of IL-1β also increased. Increased transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 was found in the nuclei and cytoplasm in LMP-1-treated RAW264.7 macrophages. These results indicated that LMP-1 activated RAW264.7 macrophages and elicited immunostimulatory activities via the TLRs/NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Zha
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Yan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Chu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lv
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjin Kan
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuli Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhong
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yue
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinna Xiao
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongping Yin
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Huang JQ, Qi RT, Pang MR, Liu C, Li GY, Zhang Y. Isolation, chemical characterization, and immunomodulatory activity of naturally acetylated hemicelluloses from bamboo shavings. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:138-151. [PMID: 28124842 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1500274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo shavings, the outer or intermediate layer of bamboo stems, are the bulk of by-products produced in bamboo processing. In this study we investigated the isolation, chemical characterization, and immunostimulatory activity in vitro of the hemicelluloses from bamboo shavings. Shavings were first pretreated by steam explosion. The optimal pretreatment was found to be steam explosion at 2.2 MPa for 1 min. Following this pretreatment, the yield of hemicelluloses reached (2.05±0.22)% (based on the dry dewaxed raw materials), which was 5.7-fold higher than that of untreated samples. Bamboo-shavings hemicellulose (BSH) was then prepared by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation from the steam-exploded shavings. Purification of BSH by anion-exchange chromatography of diethylaminoethanol (DEAE)-sepharose Fast Flow resulted in a neutral fraction (BSH-1, purity of 95.3%, yield of 1.06%) and an acidic fraction (BSH-2, purity of 92.5%, yield of 0.79%). The weight-average molecular weights (Mw) of BSH-1 and BSH-2 were 12 800 and 11 300 g/mol, respectively. Chemical and structural analyses by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1D (1H and 13C) and 2D (heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC)) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra revealed that BSH-1 was O-acetylated-arabinoxylan and BSH-2 was O-acetylated-(4-O-methylglucurono)-arabinoxylan. BSH-1 had a higher content of acetyl groups than BSH-2. For the immunomodulatory activity in vitro, BSH and BSH-2 significantly stimulated mouse splenocyte proliferation while BSH-1 had no effect; BSH, BSH-1, and BSH-2 markedly enhanced the phagocytosis activity and nitric oxide production of the murine macrophage RAW264.7 in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest that the water-extractable hemicelluloses from steam-exploded bamboo shavings are naturally acetylated and have immunostimulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Qing Huang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rui-Ting Qi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mei-Rong Pang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guang-Yu Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Zhang M, Liu Y, Li J, Ke M, Yu J, Dou J, Wang H, Zhou C. A polysaccharide component from Strongylocentrotus nudus eggs inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma in mice by activating T lymphocytes. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1847-1855. [PMID: 28454333 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A component purified from Strongylocentrotus nudus eggs on a diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 chromatography column and eluted using a NaCl solution gradient (SEP-S), is a homogeneous polysaccharide of α-D-glucan with a reduced molecular weight of 9.33×105 Da, compared with that of S. nudus egg polysaccharide (SEP). In an in vivo antitumor assay of histocompatibility-22 hepatocellular carcinoma in tumor-bearing mice, the inhibitory rates at SEP-S doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg/day were 38.8, 50.7 and 70.3%, respectively. In addition, the spleen and thymus indices and the percentages of cluster of differentiation (CD) 4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly increased, and the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes was notably enhanced, suggesting that the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity is mediated by boosting the immune system. In vitro experiments also demonstrated that splenocyte proliferation induced by SEP-S was inhibited by the toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 monoclonal antibodies. These data indicate that SEP-S is a polysaccharide component possessing high anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity and may be a potential immunotherapy candidate for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Mengyun Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jie Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Changlin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Zhang W, Huang J, Wang W, Li Q, Chen Y, Feng W, Zheng D, Zhao T, Mao G, Yang L, Wu X. Extraction, purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Cistanche tubulosa. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:448-458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Yuan Q, Zhao L, Cha Q, Sun Y, Ye H, Zeng X. Structural Characterization and Immunostimulatory Activity of a Homogeneous Polysaccharide from Sinonovacula constricta. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7986-7994. [PMID: 26317410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sinonovacula constricta has been widely used as a health food and medicine in China, Japan, and Korea. In the present study, a water-soluble polysaccharide fraction (SCP-1) was prepared from S. constricta by enzyme-assisted extraction and purification of chromatography with DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange column and Sephadex G-100 size exclusion column. On the basis of the analytical results of high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and NMR spectroscopy, SCP-1 was found to have an average molecular weight of 15.63 kDa and a linear backbone of (1→4)-linked α-D-Glcp residue with one branch, α-D-Glcp, attached to the main chain by a (1→6) glycosidic bond at every five α-D-Glcp units. Furthermore, it was found that SCP-1 could significantly increase the viability of macrophages, enhance the capability of macrophage phagocytosis, increase the activity of acid phosphatase, and promote the production of nitric oxide, mouse tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, mouse interferon (IFN)-γ, and mouse interleukin (IL)-1β. The results suggest that SCP-1 possesses potent immunomodulating effect and may be explored as a potential biological response modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Yuan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Longyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Cha
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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Zhao L, Hao X, Wu Y. Inhibitory effect of polysaccharide peptide (PSP) against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 75:474-8. [PMID: 25709019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are essential macromolecules present in all living organisms, and have many kinds of biological activities, such as anti-oxidation, hypoglycemic, enhancing immunity, anti-aging, anti-rheumatism, anti-cancer and so on. In this study, the antiviral activity of polysaccharide peptide (PSP) was tested, compared with Ningnanmycin, and firstly found it has a stronger antiviral activity by using half-leaf method and leaf disk method. Subsequently, the mechanism of antiviral activity of PSP was preliminarily studied. As a result, its antiviral effect was better than the commercial agent Ningnanmycin, despite of protective effect, curative effect and inactivation effect. On the other hand, PSP as a commercial anti-cancer drug could easily and rapidly get in large quantities by liquid fermentation, which makes the industrialized production feasible. Also PSP is less toxic, easily biodegradable and ecofriendly. All the results are suggesting that PSP has potential as a pesticide to be used for the control of plant virus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Xingan Hao
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Wu
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China.
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