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Sacco P, Piazza F, Marsich E, Abrami M, Grassi M, Donati I. Ionic Strength Impacts the Physical Properties of Agarose Hydrogels. Gels 2024; 10:94. [PMID: 38391424 PMCID: PMC11154414 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Agarose is a natural polysaccharide known for its ability to form thermoreversible hydrogels. While the effects of curing temperature and polysaccharide concentration on mechanical properties have been discussed in the literature, the role of ionic strength has been less studied. In the present manuscript, we investigate the effects of supporting salt concentration and the role of cation (i.e. Na+ or Li+, neighbors in the Hofmeister series), on the setting and performance of agarose hydrogels. Compressive and rheological measurements show that the supporting salts reduce the immediate elastic response of agarose hydrogels, with Li+ showing a stronger effect than Na+ at high ionic strength, while they significantly increase the extent of linear stress-strain response (i.e., linear elasticity). The presence of increasing amounts of added supporting salt also leads to a reduction in hysteresis during mechanical deformation due to loading and unloading cycles, which is more pronounced with Li+ than with Na+. The combination of rheological measurements and NMR relaxometry shows a mesh size in agarose hydrogels in the order of 6-17 nm, with a thickness of the water layer bound to the biopolymer of about 3 nm. Of note, the different structuring of the water within the hydrogel network due to the different alkali seems to play a role for the final performance of the hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Sacco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (F.P.); (I.D.)
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (F.P.); (I.D.)
| | - Eleonora Marsich
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell’Ospitale 1, I-34129 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Michela Abrami
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 6/1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 6/1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Ivan Donati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (F.P.); (I.D.)
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2
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Panahi HKS, Dehhaghi M, Amiri H, Guillemin GJ, Gupta VK, Rajaei A, Yang Y, Peng W, Pan J, Aghbashlo M, Tabatabaei M. Current and emerging applications of saccharide-modified chitosan: a critical review. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 66:108172. [PMID: 37169103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Chitin, as the main component of the exoskeleton of Arthropoda, is a highly available natural polymer that can be processed into various value-added products. Its most important derivative, i.e., chitosan, comprising β-1,4-linked 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-d-glucose (deacetylated d-glucosamine) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine units, can be prepared via alkaline deacetylation process. Chitosan has been used as a biodegradable, biocompatible, non-antigenic, and nontoxic polymer in some in-vitro applications, but the recently found potentials of chitosan for in-vivo applications based on its biological activities, especially antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, have upgraded the chitosan roles in biomaterials. Chitosan approval, generally recognized as a safe compound by the United States Food and Drug Administration, has attracted much attention toward its possible applications in diverse fields, especially biomedicine and agriculture. Even with some favorable characteristics, the chitosan's structure should be customized for advanced applications, especially due to its drawbacks, such as low drug-load capacity, low solubility, high viscosity, lack of elastic properties, and pH sensitivity. In this context, derivatization with relatively inexpensive and highly available mono- and di-saccharides to soluble branched chitosan has been considered a "game changer". This review critically reviews the emerging technologies based on the synthesis and application of lactose- and galactose-modified chitosan as two important chitosan derivatives. Some characteristics of chitosan derivatives and biological activities have been detailed first to understand the value of these natural polymers. Second, the saccharide modification of chitosan has been discussed briefly. Finally, the applications of lactose- and galactose-modified chitosan have been scrutinized and compared to native chitosan to provide an insight into the current state-of-the research for stimulating new ideas with the potential of filling research gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kazemi Shariat Panahi
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Mona Dehhaghi
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Hamid Amiri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran; Environmental Research Institute, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Safe and Improved Food, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Ahmad Rajaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Yadong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Junting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600 077, India.
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Petroni S, Tagliaro I, Antonini C, D’Arienzo M, Orsini SF, Mano JF, Brancato V, Borges J, Cipolla L. Chitosan-Based Biomaterials: Insights into Chemistry, Properties, Devices, and Their Biomedical Applications. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030147. [PMID: 36976196 PMCID: PMC10059909 DOI: 10.3390/md21030147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a marine-origin polysaccharide obtained from the deacetylation of chitin, the main component of crustaceans’ exoskeleton, and the second most abundant in nature. Although this biopolymer has received limited attention for several decades right after its discovery, since the new millennium chitosan has emerged owing to its physicochemical, structural and biological properties, multifunctionalities and applications in several sectors. This review aims at providing an overview of chitosan properties, chemical functionalization, and the innovative biomaterials obtained thereof. Firstly, the chemical functionalization of chitosan backbone in the amino and hydroxyl groups will be addressed. Then, the review will focus on the bottom-up strategies to process a wide array of chitosan-based biomaterials. In particular, the preparation of chitosan-based hydrogels, organic–inorganic hybrids, layer-by-layer assemblies, (bio)inks and their use in the biomedical field will be covered aiming to elucidate and inspire the community to keep on exploring the unique features and properties imparted by chitosan to develop advanced biomedical devices. Given the wide body of literature that has appeared in past years, this review is far from being exhaustive. Selected works in the last 10 years will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Petroni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Irene Tagliaro
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Antonini
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Sara Fernanda Orsini
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - João F. Mano
- CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Virginia Brancato
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - João Borges
- CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (L.C.); Tel.: +351-234372585 (J.B.); +39-0264483460 (L.C.)
| | - Laura Cipolla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (L.C.); Tel.: +351-234372585 (J.B.); +39-0264483460 (L.C.)
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Pizzolitto C, Scognamiglio F, Sacco P, Lipari S, Romano M, Donati I, Marsich E. Immediate stress dissipation in dual cross-link hydrogels controls osteogenic commitment of mesenchymal stem cells. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120369. [PMID: 36604049 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation have been predominantly performed with non-physiologically elastic materials. Here we report the effect of different viscoplastic ECM mimics on the osteogenic engagement of MSCs in 2D. We have developed soft hydrogels, composed of a lactose-modified chitosan, using a combination of permanent and temporary cross-links. The presence of temporary cross-links has a minor effect on the shear modulus of the hydrogels, but causes an immediate relaxation (dissipation) of the applied stress. This material property leads to early osteogenic commitment of MSCs, as evidenced by gene expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), type 1 collagen (COL1A1), osteocalcin (OCN), alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity (ALP) and calcium deposit formation. In contrast, cells cultured on purely elastic hydrogels with only permanent cross-link begin to differentiate only after a longer period of time, indicating a dissipation-mediated mechano-sensing in the osteogenic commitment of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pizzolitto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, I-34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Scognamiglio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, I-34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Pasquale Sacco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, I-34129 Trieste, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; AREA Science Park, loc. Padriciano 99, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Sara Lipari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ivan Donati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Eleonora Marsich
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, I-34129 Trieste, Italy
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Camponogara F, Zanotti F, Trentini M, Tiengo E, Zanolla I, Pishavar E, Soliani E, Scatto M, Gargiulo P, Zambito Y, De Luca S, Ferroni L, Zavan B. Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine in Italy: Brief State of the Art of the Principal Research Centers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8245. [PMID: 35897825 PMCID: PMC9368060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is the branch of medicine that effectively uses stem cell therapy and tissue engineering strategies to guide the healing or replacement of damaged tissues or organs. A crucial element is undoubtedly the biomaterial that guides biological events to restore tissue continuity. The polymers, natural or synthetic, find wide application thanks to their great adaptability. In fact, they can be used as principal components, coatings or vehicles to functionalize several biomaterials. There are many leading centers for the research and development of biomaterials in Italy. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of the art on polymer research for regenerative medicine purposes. The last five years of scientific production of the main Italian research centers has been screened to analyze the current advancement in tissue engineering in order to highlight inputs for the development of novel biomaterials and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Camponogara
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Federica Zanotti
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Martina Trentini
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Elena Tiengo
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Ilaria Zanolla
- Medical Sciences Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Elham Pishavar
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Elisa Soliani
- Bioengineering Department, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK;
| | - Marco Scatto
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy;
| | - Paolo Gargiulo
- Institute for Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavík University, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland;
- Department of Science, Landspítali, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Chemical Department, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Stefano De Luca
- Unit of Naples, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Letizia Ferroni
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy;
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
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Liu Y, Lin SH, Chuang WT, Dai NT, Hsu SH. Biomimetic Strain-Stiffening in Chitosan Self-Healing Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:16032-16046. [PMID: 35321544 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The strain-stiffening and self-healing capabilities of biological tissues enable them to preserve the structures and functions from deformation and damage. However, biodegradable hydrogel materials with both of these biomimetic characteristics have not been explored. Here, a series of strain-stiffened, self-healing hydrogels are developed through dynamic imine crosslinking of semiflexible O-carboxymethyl chitosan (main chain) and flexible dibenzaldehyde-terminated telechelic poly(ethylene glycol) (crosslinker). The biomimetic hydrogels can be reversibly stiffened to resist the deformation and can even recover to their original state after repeated damages. The mechanical properties and stiffening responses of the hydrogels are tailored by varying the component contents (1-3%) and the crosslinker length (4 or 8 kDa). A combinatorial system of in situ coherent small-angle X-ray scattering with rheological testing is developed to investigate the network structures (in sizes 1.5-160 nm) of hydrogels under shear strains and reveals that the strain-stiffening originates from the fibrous chitosan network with poly(ethylene glycol) crosslinking fixation. The biomimetic hydrogels with biocompatibility and biodegradability promote wound healing. The study provides an insight into the nanoscale design of biomimetic strain-stiffening self-healing hydrogels for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Ho Lin
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Tsung Chuang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30076, R.O.C
| | - Niann-Tzyy Dai
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan 11490, R.O.C
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan 35053, R.O.C
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Contributions of Women in Recent Research on Biopolymer Science. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071420. [PMID: 35406293 PMCID: PMC9003506 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, biopolymers are playing a fundamental role in our society because of the environmental issues and concerns associated with synthetic polymers. The aim of this Special Issue entitled ‘Women in Polymer Science and Technology: Biopolymers’ is highlighting the work designed and developed by women on biopolymer science and technology. In this context, this short review aims to provide an introduction to this Special Issue by highlighting some recent contributions of women around the world on the particular topic of biopolymer science and technology during the last 20 years. In the first place, it highlights a selection of important works performed on a number of well-studied natural polymers, namely, agar, chitin, chitosan, cellulose, and collagen. Secondly, it gives an insight into the discovery of new polysaccharides and enzymes that have a role in their synthesis and in their degradation. These contributions will be paving the way for the next generation of female and male scientists on this topic.
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Kopplin G, Lervik A, Draget KI, Aachmann FL. Alginate gels crosslinked with chitosan oligomers - a systematic investigation into alginate block structure and chitosan oligomer interaction. RSC Adv 2021; 11:13780-13798. [PMID: 35423937 PMCID: PMC8697632 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01003d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three alginates with fundamentally different block structures, poly-M, poly-G, and poly-MG, have been investigated upon ionic crosslinking with chitosan oligosaccharides (CHOS), using circular dichroism (CD), rheology, and computer simulations, supporting the previously proposed gelling principle of poly-M forming zipper-like junction zones with chitosan (match in charge distance along the two polyelectrolytes) and revealing a unique high gel strength poly-MG chitosan gelling system. CD spectroscopy revealed an increased chiroptical activity exclusively for the poly-M chitosan gelling system, indicative of induced conformational changes and higher ordered structures. Rheological measurement revealed gel strengths (G' < 900 Pa) for poly-MG (1%) CHOS (0.3%) hydrogels, magnitudes of order greater than displayed by its poly-M analogue. Furthermore, the ionically crosslinked poly-MG chitosan hydrogel increased in gel strength upon the addition of salt (G' < 1600 at 50 mM NaCl), suggesting a stabilization of the junction zones through hydrophobic interactions and/or a phase separation. Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to further investigate these findings, comparing interaction energies, charge distances and chain alignments. These alginates are displaying high gel strengths, are known to be fully biocompatible and have revealed a broad range of tolerance to salt concentrations present in biological systems, proving high relevance for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Kopplin
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Anders Lervik
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Kurt I Draget
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Finn L Aachmann
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology 7491 Trondheim Norway
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9
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A hydrogel system based on a lactose-modified chitosan for viscosupplementation in osteoarthritis. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 248:116787. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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10
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Sacco P, Furlani F, Marfoglia A, Cok M, Pizzolitto C, Marsich E, Donati I. Temporary/Permanent Dual Cross‐Link Gels Formed of a Bioactive Lactose‐Modified Chitosan. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000236. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Sacco
- Department of Life Sciences University of Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 5 Trieste I‐34127 Italy
| | - Franco Furlani
- Department of Life Sciences University of Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 5 Trieste I‐34127 Italy
| | - Andrea Marfoglia
- Department of Life Sciences University of Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 5 Trieste I‐34127 Italy
| | - Michela Cok
- Department of Life Sciences University of Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 5 Trieste I‐34127 Italy
| | - Chiara Pizzolitto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences University of Trieste Piazza dell'Ospitale 1 Trieste I‐34129 Italy
| | - Eleonora Marsich
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences University of Trieste Piazza dell'Ospitale 1 Trieste I‐34129 Italy
| | - Ivan Donati
- Department of Life Sciences University of Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 5 Trieste I‐34127 Italy
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11
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Pizzolitto C, Cok M, Asaro F, Scognamiglio F, Marsich E, Lopez F, Donati I, Sacco P. On the Mechanism of Genipin Binding to Primary Amines in Lactose-Modified Chitosan at Neutral pH. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6831. [PMID: 32957651 PMCID: PMC7554727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The present manuscript deals with the elucidation of the mechanism of genipin binding by primary amines at neutral pH. UV-VIS and CD measurements both in the presence of oxygen and in oxygen-depleted conditions, combined with computational analyses, led to propose a novel mechanism for the formation of genipin derivatives. The indications collected with chiral and achiral primary amines allowed interpreting the genipin binding to a lactose-modified chitosan (CTL or Chitlac), which is soluble at all pH values. Two types of reaction and their kinetics were found in the presence of oxygen: (i) an interchain reticulation, which involves two genipin molecules and two polysaccharide chains, and (ii) a binding of one genipin molecule to the polymer chain without chain-chain reticulation. The latter evolves in additional interchain cross-links, leading to the formation of the well-known blue iridoid-derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pizzolitto
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, piazza dell’Ospitale 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (C.P.); (F.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Michela Cok
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.)
| | - Fioretta Asaro
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Francesca Scognamiglio
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, piazza dell’Ospitale 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (C.P.); (F.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Eleonora Marsich
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, piazza dell’Ospitale 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (C.P.); (F.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Francesco Lopez
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences (DiAAA), University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Ivan Donati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.)
| | - Pasquale Sacco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.)
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12
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Scognamiglio F, Travan A, Borgogna M, Donati I, Marsich E. Development of biodegradable membranes for the delivery of a bioactive chitosan‐derivative on cartilage defects: A preliminary investigation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1534-1545. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scognamiglio
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Trieste Trieste Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health SciencesUniversity of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | | | | | - Ivan Donati
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Eleonora Marsich
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health SciencesUniversity of Trieste Trieste Italy
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Sacco P, Cok M, Scognamiglio F, Pizzolitto C, Vecchies F, Marfoglia A, Marsich E, Donati I. Glycosylated-Chitosan Derivatives: A Systematic Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E1534. [PMID: 32230971 PMCID: PMC7180478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan derivatives, and more specifically, glycosylated derivatives, are nowadays attracting much attention within the scientific community due to the fact that this set of engineered polysaccharides finds application in different sectors, spanning from food to the biomedical field. Overcoming chitosan (physical) limitations or grafting biological relevant molecules, to mention a few, represent two cardinal strategies to modify parent biopolymer; thereby, synthetizing high added value polysaccharides. The present review is focused on the introduction of oligosaccharide side chains on the backbone of chitosan. The synthetic aspects and the effect on physical-chemical properties of such modifications are discussed. Finally, examples of potential applications in biomaterials design and drug delivery of these novel modified chitosans are disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Sacco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (P.S.); (M.C.); (F.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Michela Cok
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (P.S.); (M.C.); (F.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Francesca Scognamiglio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell’Ospitale 1, I-34129 Trieste, Italy; (F.S.); (C.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Chiara Pizzolitto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell’Ospitale 1, I-34129 Trieste, Italy; (F.S.); (C.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Federica Vecchies
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (P.S.); (M.C.); (F.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Marfoglia
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (P.S.); (M.C.); (F.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Eleonora Marsich
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell’Ospitale 1, I-34129 Trieste, Italy; (F.S.); (C.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Ivan Donati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (P.S.); (M.C.); (F.V.); (A.M.)
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N-isopropyl chitosan. A pH- and thermo-responsive polysaccharide for gel formation. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 230:115641. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Furlani F, Sacco P, Cok M, de Marzo G, Marsich E, Paoletti S, Donati I. Biomimetic, Multiresponsive, and Self-Healing Lactose-Modified Chitosan (CTL)-Based Gels Formed via Competitor-Assisted Mechanism. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5539-5547. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Furlani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Pasquale Sacco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Cok
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gaia de Marzo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Eleonora Marsich
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell’Ospitale 1, I-34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sergio Paoletti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ivan Donati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
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The thiolated chitosan: Synthesis, gelling and antibacterial capability. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:521-530. [PMID: 31377297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan-1-(mercaptomethyl)-cyclopropane acetic acid (CS-MCA) copolymer was synthesized by amino linkage. The obtained copolymer was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM. Porous and reticulate morphologies were found on the CS-MCA surface. The effects of pH on the rheological properties of CS-MCA were investigated. On the one hand, the apparent viscosity of CS-MCA indicated a shear-thinning behavior. The graft of MCA enhanced the moduli and the maximum elastic properties were observed at pH = 7.00. The addition of dithiothreitol reduced the viscosity and modulus of CS-MCA hydrogel, and the gelation time, temperature and frequency were obtained in dynamic oscillatory tests. The antibacterial effect of CS-MCA against E. coli was investigated for the inhibition zone and bacterial growth curve. These results showed that CS-MCA had better antibacterial ability than chitosan without modification. Therefore, the rheological behavior and functional activities can be applied for the hydrocolloid gels in food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Sacco P, Furlani F, Paoletti S, Donati I. pH-Assisted Gelation of Lactose-Modified Chitosan. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3070-3075. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Sacco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Franco Furlani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sergio Paoletti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ivan Donati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
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