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Jagtap A, Dastager SG. Bacterial nanocellulose: A versatile biopolymer production using a cost-effective wooden disc based rotary reactor. Biopolymers 2024; 115:e23577. [PMID: 38526043 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) has various unique qualities, including high mechanical strength, crystallinity, and high water-holding capacity, which makes it appropriate for a wide range of industrial applications. But its lower yield coupled with its high production cost creates a barrier to its usage. In this study, we have demonstrated the better yield of BNC from an indigenous strain Komagataeibacter rhaeticus MCC-0157 using a rotary disc bioreactor (RDB) having a wooden disc. The RDB was optimized based on the type of disc material, distance between the disc, and rotation speed to get the highest yield of 13.0 g/L dry material using Hestrin-Schramm (H-S) medium. Further, the bioreactor was compared for the BNC production using reported medium, which is used for static condition; the RDB showed up to fivefold increase in comparison with the static condition reported. Komagataeibacter rhaeticus MCC-0157 was previously reported to be one of the highest BNC producing stains, with 8.37 g/L of dry yield in static condition in 15 days incubation. The designed RDB demonstrated 13.0 g/L dry yield of BNC in just 5 days. Other characteristics of BNC remain same as compared with static BNC production, although the difference in the crystallinity index was observed in RDB (84.44%) in comparison with static (89.74%). For the first time, wooden disc was used for rotary bioreactor approach, which demonstrated higher yield of BNC in lesser time and can be further used for sustainable production of BNC at the industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Jagtap
- NCIM-Resource Center, Biochemical Science Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Syed G Dastager
- NCIM-Resource Center, Biochemical Science Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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2
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An Q, Ren J, Jia X, Qu S, Zhang N, Li X, Fan G, Pan S, Zhang Z, Wu K. Anisotropic materials based on carbohydrate polymers: A review of fabrication strategies, properties, and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 330:121801. [PMID: 38368095 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Anisotropic structures exist in almost all living organisms to endow them with superior properties and physiological functionalities. However, conventional artificial materials possess unordered isotropic structures, resulting in limited functions and applications. The development of anisotropic structures on carbohydrates is reported to have an impact on their properties and applications. In this review, various alignment strategies for carbohydrates (i.e., cellulose, chitin and alginate) from bottom-up to top-down strategies are discussed, including the rapidly developed innovative technologies such as shear-induced orientation through extrusion-based 3D/4D printing, magnetic-assisted alignment, and electric-induced alignment. The unique properties and wide applications of anisotropic carbohydrate materials across different fields, from biomedical, biosensors, smart actuators, soft conductive materials, to thermal management are also summarized. Finally, recommendations on the selection of fabrication strategies are given. The major challenge lies in the construction of long-range hierarchical alignment with high orientation degree and precise control over complicated architectures. With the future development of hierarchical alignment strategies, alignment control techniques, and alignment mechanism elucidation, the potential of anisotropic carbohydrate materials for scalable manufacture and clinical applications will be fully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi An
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingnan Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao Jia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shasha Qu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Nawei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gang Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Siyi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China; Ningxia Huaxinda Health Technology Co., Ltd., Lingwu 751400, China
| | - Kangning Wu
- Ningxia Huaxinda Health Technology Co., Ltd., Lingwu 751400, China
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3
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Hu G, Li G, Chen L, Hong FF. Production of novel elastic bacterial nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol conduits via mercerization and phase separation for small-caliber vascular grafts application. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124221. [PMID: 36990400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Size and properties of tubular bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) can be regulated by controllable mercerization with thinner tube walls, better mechanical properties, and improved biocompatibility. Although mercerized BNC (MBNC) conduits have considerable potential as small-caliber vascular grafts (<6 mm), poor suture retention and lack of compliance that cannot match natural blood vessels increase the difficulty of surgery and limit potential clinical application. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a kind of hydrophilic polymer with good biocompatibility and elasticity, which can precipitate in alkaline solutions. In this study, novel elastic mercerized BNC/PVA conduits (MBP) are manufactured combining mercerization of BNC tubes with precipitation and phase separation of PVA with thinner tube wall, improved suture retention, better elasticity, good hemocompatibility and great cytocompatibility. The MBP obtained with 12.5 % PVA is selected for transplantation in a rat abdominal aorta model. For 32 weeks, normal blood flow is observed using Doppler sonographic inspection, which demonstrates long-term patency. Immunofluorescence staining results also indicate the formation of endothelium and smooth muscle layers. The results indicate the introduction of PVA, and its phase separation into mercerization of tubular BNC can endow MBP conduits with better compliance and suture retention, making it a promising candidate for blood vessel replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoquan Hu
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Geli Li
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; National Advanced Functional Fiber Innovation Center, Wu Jiang, Su Zhou, China
| | - Feng F Hong
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; National Advanced Functional Fiber Innovation Center, Wu Jiang, Su Zhou, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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4
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Luo Y, Li G, Chen L, Hong FF. Preparation and Evaluation of Bacterial Nanocellulose/Hyaluronic Acid Composite Artificial Cornea for Application of Corneal Transplantation. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:201-212. [PMID: 36441906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The treatment for corneal damage requires donor corneal transplantation, but there is a serious scarcity of donor corneas worldwide. In this study, we aimed to design a new artificial cornea with good cytocompatibility, excellent optical properties and suture resistance, and great moisturizing properties. A new bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) membrane with anisotropic mechanical properties and high light transmission was produced in a horizontal rotary drum reactor. However, as a potential material for artificial keratoplasty, the transparency and mechanical properties of the new BNC membrane were not satisfactory. Thus, hyaluronic acid (HA) was introduced in the BNC to synthesize the BNC/HA composite membrane by using 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) as the chemical cross-linking agent. The micro-morphology, light transmittance, mechanical properties, water content, moisture retention ability, and cytocompatibility of the composite membranes were further evaluated. HA was fixed in the BNC network by the ether bond, and the composite membrane was found to have excellent light transmittance (up to 95.96%). The composite membrane showed excellent mechanical properties, for instance, its tensile strength exceeded the human normal intraocular pressure (IOP) (1.33-2.80 kPa), the maximum burst pressure was about 130 kPa, 46-97 times that of the normal IOP, and its suture force was close to that of the human amniotic membrane (0.1 N). Based on the three-dimensional network scaffold of BNC and the high water absorption characteristics of HA, the artificial cornea had high water content and high moisture retention ability. The rabbit corneal stromal cells cultured in vitro showed that the artificial cornea substitute had excellent cytocompatibility. BDDE is the most frequently used cross-linker in most HA products in the current cosmetic medicine industry owing to its long-term safety records for over 15 years. Therefore, the BNC/HA composite hydrogel cross-linked with BDDE has great potential in artificial keratoplasty or ocular surface repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Luo
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai201620, China.,National Advanced Functional Fiber Innovation Center, Wu Jiang, Su Zhou215200, China
| | - Geli Li
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai201620, China.,National Advanced Functional Fiber Innovation Center, Wu Jiang, Su Zhou215200, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai201620, China.,National Advanced Functional Fiber Innovation Center, Wu Jiang, Su Zhou215200, China
| | - Feng F Hong
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai201620, China.,National Advanced Functional Fiber Innovation Center, Wu Jiang, Su Zhou215200, China
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Chen G, Hong FF, Yuan J, Li L, Fang M, Wei W, Wang X, Wei Y. Super solvent of cellulose with extra high solubility for tunable cellulose structure with versatile application. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Rothe H, Rost J, Kramer F, Alkhatib Y, Petzold-Welcke K, Klemm D, Fischer D, Liefeith K. Bacterial nanocellulose: Reinforcement of compressive strength using an adapted Mobile Matrix Reservoir Technology and suitable post-modification strategies. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104978. [PMID: 34837799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a highly interesting biomaterial due to some outstanding properties especially when used in medical therapeutics and diagnostics. BNC is absolutely bioinert and is characterised by intrinsic properties such as high tensile stiffness and elasticity, high porosity, exceptional water uptake and swelling capacity. Furthermore, these properties can be adjusted in a very defined way by specifically changing the cultivation conditions or performing post-modifications such as crosslinking, functionalisation with additives, dehydration or drying. Especially the high tensile strength of the nanofibrillar material has been the subject of many investigations in the past couple of years. Nevertheless, the enormous tensile strength and elasticity of BNC is contrary to an almost purely viscous behaviour under compressive load. In the present study, different methods to influence the mechanical behaviour under compression with respect to load bearing applications of BNC are systematically investigated. The possibilities and limitations of the variable layer-by-layer cultivation known as Mobile Matrix Reservoir Technology (MMR-Tech) as well as the effect of different post-modification strategies of BNC are thoroughly investigated. Beside of commonly used indentation tests for characterising the mechanical properties of BNC, we introduce a novel evaluation methodology based on mechanical relaxation measurements and an evolutionary regression algorithm for the derivation of a viscoelastic material law, which for the first time allows standardised, comparative viscoelastic investigations of soft-matter biomaterials to be performed independently of the measurement setup. Using this methodology, we are able to show, that cultivation conditions for BNC and suitable post-modifications can result in different effects on the viscoelastic behaviour of the fabricated composites. We show that the cultivation conditions for BNC primarily affect the height of dispersion and the frequency of the relaxation centre which corresponds roughly to the mean value of the logarithmic distributed relaxation times, and that these effects could be enhanced by post-modifications. However, we also identify parameters, such as the width of the relaxation region, which corresponds roughly to the standard deviation of the logarithmic distributed relaxation times, on which the type of cultivation obviously shows no influence but which can be influenced exclusively by post-modifications. Our methodology enables for the first time a clear identification of those parameters which represent a significant factor of influence to the viscoelastic material behaviour, which should enable a more targeted and application-relevant development of BNC composites in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Rothe
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurements Techniques e.V., Department of Biomaterials, Rosenhof, 37308, Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Rost
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurements Techniques e.V., Department of Biomaterials, Rosenhof, 37308, Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany.
| | | | - Yaser Alkhatib
- Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Lessingstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | | | - Dieter Klemm
- Polymet Jena e.V., Wildenbruchstr. 15, 07745, Jena, Germany; KKF-Gesellschaft, Hans-Knöll-Str. 6, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Fischer
- Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Lessingstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Klaus Liefeith
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurements Techniques e.V., Department of Biomaterials, Rosenhof, 37308, Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany.
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Wu Z, Xie S, Kang Y, Shan X, Li Q, Cai Z. Biocompatibility evaluation of a 3D-bioprinted alginate-GelMA-bacteria nanocellulose (BNC) scaffold laden with oriented-growth RSC96 cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 129:112393. [PMID: 34579912 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury can cause various degrees of damage to the morphological structure and physiological function of the peripheral nerve. At present, compared with "gold standard" autologous nerve transplantation, tissue engineering has certain potential for regeneration and growth; however, achieving oriented guidance is still a challenge. In this study, we used 3D bioprinting to construct a nerve scaffold of RSC96 cells wrapped in sodium alginate/gelatin methacrylate (GelMA)/bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) hydrogel. The 5% sodium alginate+5% GelMA+0.3% BNC group had the thinnest lines among all groups after printing, indicating that the inherent shape of the scaffold could be maintained after adding BNC. Physical and chemical property testing (Fourier transform infrared, rheometer, conductivity, and compression modulus) showed that the 5% alginate+5% GelMA+0.3% BNC group had better mechanical and rheological properties. Live/dead cell staining showed that no mass cell death was observed on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after printing. In the 5% alginate+5% GelMA group, the cells grew and formed linear connections in the scaffold. This phenomenon was more obvious in the 5% alginate+5% GelMA+0.3% BNC group. In the 5% alginate+5% GelMA+0.3% BNC group, S-100β immunofluorescence staining and cytoskeleton staining showed oriented growth. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array results showed that mRNA levels of related neurofactors ASCL1, POU3F3, NEUROG1, DLL1, NOTCH1 and ERBB2 in the 5%GelMA+0.3%BNC group were higher than those of other groups. Four weeks after implantation in nude mice, RSC96 cells grew and proliferated well, blood vessels grew, and S-100β immunofluorescence was positive. These results indicate that a 3D-bioprinted sodium alginate/GelMA/BNC composite scaffold can improve cell-oriented growth, adhesion and the expression of related factors. This 3D-bioprinted composite scaffold has good biocompatibility and is expected to become a new type of scaffold material in the field of neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxi Wu
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shang Xie
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Kang
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China; Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhigang Cai
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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Li J, Jia X, Yin L. Hydrogel: Diversity of Structures and Applications in Food Science. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1858313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Jia
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Yin
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
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