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Khalid MY, Arif ZU, Noroozi R, Hossain M, Ramakrishna S, Umer R. 3D/4D printing of cellulose nanocrystals-based biomaterials: Additives for sustainable applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126287. [PMID: 37573913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have gained significant attraction from both industrial and academic sectors, thanks to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, and renewability with remarkable mechanical characteristics. Desirable mechanical characteristics of CNCs include high stiffness, high strength, excellent flexibility, and large surface-to-volume ratio. Additionally, the mechanical properties of CNCs can be tailored through chemical modifications for high-end applications including tissue engineering, actuating, and biomedical. Modern manufacturing methods including 3D/4D printing are highly advantageous for developing sophisticated and intricate geometries. This review highlights the major developments of additive manufactured CNCs, which promote sustainable solutions across a wide range of applications. Additionally, this contribution also presents current challenges and future research directions of CNC-based composites developed through 3D/4D printing techniques for myriad engineering sectors including tissue engineering, wound healing, wearable electronics, robotics, and anti-counterfeiting applications. Overall, this review will greatly help research scientists from chemistry, materials, biomedicine, and other disciplines to comprehend the underlying principles, mechanical properties, and applications of additively manufactured CNC-based structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir Khalid
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Zia Ullah Arif
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Management & Technology Lahore, Sialkot Campus, 51041, Pakistan.
| | - Reza Noroozi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mokarram Hossain
- Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data and AI, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, SA1 8EN Swansea, UK.
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Rehan Umer
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Celestino MF, Lima LR, Fontes M, Batista ITS, Mulinari DR, Dametto A, Rattes RA, Amaral AC, Assunção RMN, Ribeiro CA, Castro GR, Barud HS. 3D Filaments Based on Polyhydroxy Butyrate-Micronized Bacterial Cellulose for Tissue Engineering Applications. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:464. [PMID: 37754878 PMCID: PMC10531805 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14090464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, scaffolds based on poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and micronized bacterial cellulose (BC) were produced through 3D printing. Filaments for the printing were obtained by varying the percentage of micronized BC (0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00%) inserted in relation to the PHB matrix. Despite the varying concentrations of BC, the biocomposite filaments predominantly contained PHB functional groups, as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) demonstrated. Thermogravimetric analyses (i.e., TG and DTG) of the filaments showed that the peak temperature (Tpeak) of PHB degradation decreased as the concentration of BC increased, with the lowest being 248 °C, referring to the biocomposite filament PHB/2.0% BC, which has the highest concentration of BC. Although there was a variation in the thermal behavior of the filaments, it was not significant enough to make printing impossible, considering that the PHB melting temperature was 170 °C. Biological assays indicated the non-cytotoxicity of scaffolds and the provision of cell anchorage sites. The results obtained in this research open up new paths for the application of this innovation in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus F. Celestino
- Biopolymers and Biomaterials Group, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara 14801-320, SP, Brazil (I.T.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Lais R. Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil;
| | - Marina Fontes
- Biopolymers and Biomaterials Group, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara 14801-320, SP, Brazil (I.T.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Biosmart Nanotechnology LTDA, Araraquara 14808-162, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor T. S. Batista
- Biopolymers and Biomaterials Group, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara 14801-320, SP, Brazil (I.T.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Daniella R. Mulinari
- Department of Mechanics and Energy, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UEJR), Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Raphael A. Rattes
- Biopolymers and Biomaterials Group, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara 14801-320, SP, Brazil (I.T.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
| | - André C. Amaral
- Biopolymers and Biomaterials Group, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara 14801-320, SP, Brazil (I.T.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Rosana M. N. Assunção
- Faculty of Integrated Sciences of Pontal (FACIP), Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Pontal Campus, Ituiutaba 38304-402, MG, Brazil
| | - Clovis A. Ribeiro
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Guillermo R. Castro
- Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil
| | - Hernane S. Barud
- Biopolymers and Biomaterials Group, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara 14801-320, SP, Brazil (I.T.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
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3
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Pahwa R, Ahuja M. Design and Development of Fluconazole-Loaded Nanocellulose-Eudragit Vaginal Drug Delivery System. J Pharm Innov 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Shah M, Ullah A, Azher K, Rehman AU, Juan W, Aktürk N, Tüfekci CS, Salamci MU. Vat photopolymerization-based 3D printing of polymer nanocomposites: current trends and applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1456-1496. [PMID: 36686959 PMCID: PMC9817086 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06522c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and manufacturing of polymer nanocomposites have garnered interest in recent research and development because of their superiority compared to traditionally employed industrial materials. Specifically, polymer nanocomposites offer higher strength, stronger resistance to corrosion or erosion, adaptable production techniques, and lower costs. The vat photopolymerization (VPP) process is a group of additive manufacturing (AM) techniques that provide the benefit of relatively low cost, maximum flexibility, high accuracy, and complexity of the printed parts. In the past few years, there has been a rapid increase in the understanding of VPP-based processes, such as high-resolution AM methods to print intricate polymer parts. The synergistic integration of nanocomposites and VPP-based 3D printing processes has opened a gateway to the future and is soon expected to surpass traditional manufacturing techniques. This review aims to provide a theoretical background and the engineering capabilities of VPP with a focus on the polymerization of nanocomposite polymer resins. Specifically, the configuration, classification, and factors affecting VPP are summarized in detail. Furthermore, different challenges in the preparation of polymer nanocomposites are discussed together with their pre- and post-processing, where several constraints and limitations that hinder their printability and photo curability are critically discussed. The main focus is the applications of printed polymer nanocomposites and the enhancement in their properties such as mechanical, biomedical, thermal, electrical, and magnetic properties. Recent literature, mainly in the past three years, is critically discussed and the main contributing results in terms of applications are summarized in the form of tables. The goal of this work is to provide researchers with a comprehensive and updated understanding of the underlying difficulties and potential benefits of VPP-based 3D printing of polymer nanocomposites. It will also help readers to systematically reveal the research problems, gaps, challenges, and promising future directions related to polymer nanocomposites and VPP processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mussadiq Shah
- Additive Manufacturing Technologies Application and Research Center-EKTAM Ankara Turkey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gazi University Ankara Turkey
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University P. R. China
| | - Abid Ullah
- Additive Manufacturing Technologies Application and Research Center-EKTAM Ankara Turkey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gazi University Ankara Turkey
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China P. R China
| | - Kashif Azher
- Additive Manufacturing Technologies Application and Research Center-EKTAM Ankara Turkey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gazi University Ankara Turkey
| | - Asif Ur Rehman
- Additive Manufacturing Technologies Application and Research Center-EKTAM Ankara Turkey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gazi University Ankara Turkey
- ERMAKSAN Bursa 16065 Turkey
| | - Wang Juan
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang P. R China
| | - Nizami Aktürk
- Additive Manufacturing Technologies Application and Research Center-EKTAM Ankara Turkey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gazi University Ankara Turkey
| | - Celal Sami Tüfekci
- Advanced Manufacturing Technologies Center of Excellence-URTEMM Ankara Turkey
| | - Metin U Salamci
- Additive Manufacturing Technologies Application and Research Center-EKTAM Ankara Turkey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gazi University Ankara Turkey
- Advanced Manufacturing Technologies Center of Excellence-URTEMM Ankara Turkey
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3D printing of bio-instructive materials: Toward directing the cell. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:292-327. [PMID: 35574057 PMCID: PMC9058956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Ong XR, Chen AX, Li N, Yang YY, Luo HK. Nanocellulose: Recent Advances Toward Biomedical Applications. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Ran Ong
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island Singapore 627833 Singapore
| | - Adrielle Xianwen Chen
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Way Singapore 138669 Singapore
| | - Ning Li
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Way Singapore 138669 Singapore
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Way Singapore 138669 Singapore
| | - He-Kuan Luo
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island Singapore 627833 Singapore
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Iravani S, Varma RS. Cellulose-Based Composites as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248830. [PMID: 36557963 PMCID: PMC9784432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Today, numerous studies have focused on the design of novel scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications; however, several challenges still exist in terms of biocompatibility/cytocompatibility, degradability, cell attachment/proliferation, nutrient diffusion, large-scale production, and clinical translation studies. Greener and safer technologies can help to produce scaffolds with the benefits of cost-effectiveness, high biocompatibility, and biorenewability/sustainability, reducing their toxicity and possible side effects. However, some challenges persist regarding their degradability, purity, having enough porosity, and possible immunogenicity. In this context, naturally derived cellulose-based scaffolds with high biocompatibility, ease of production, availability, sustainability/renewability, and environmentally benign attributes can be applied for designing scaffolds. These cellulose-based scaffolds have shown unique mechanical properties, improved cell attachment/proliferation, multifunctionality, and enhanced biocompatibility/cytocompatibility, which make them promising candidates for tissue engineering applications. Herein, the salient developments pertaining to cellulose-based scaffolds for neural, bone, cardiovascular, and skin tissue engineering are deliberated, focusing on the challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (R.S.V.)
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (R.S.V.)
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8
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Arif ZU, Khalid MY, Zolfagharian A, Bodaghi M. 4D bioprinting of smart polymers for biomedical applications: recent progress, challenges, and future perspectives. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Recent advances in 3D-printed polylactide and polycaprolactone-based biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:930-968. [PMID: 35896130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional printing (3DP) also known as the additive manufacturing (AM), a novel and futuristic technology that facilitates the printing of multiscale, biomimetic, intricate cytoarchitecture, function-structure hierarchy, multi-cellular tissues in the complicated micro-environment, patient-specific scaffolds, and medical devices. There is an increasing demand for developing 3D-printed products that can be utilized for organ transplantations due to the organ shortage. Nowadays, the 3DP has gained considerable interest in the tissue engineering (TE) field. Polylactide (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) are exemplary biomaterials with excellent physicochemical properties and biocompatibility, which have drawn notable attraction in tissue regeneration. Herein, the recent advancements in the PLA and PCL biodegradable polymer-based composites as well as their reinforcement with hydrogels and bio-ceramics scaffolds manufactured through 3DP are systematically summarized and the applications of bone, cardiac, neural, vascularized and skin tissue regeneration are thoroughly elucidated. The interaction between implanted biodegradable polymers, in-vivo and in-vitro testing models for possible evaluation of degradation and biological properties are also illustrated. The final section of this review incorporates the current challenges and future opportunities in the 3DP of PCL- and PLA-based composites that will prove helpful for biomedical engineers to fulfill the demands of the clinical field.
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10
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A Review of Properties of Nanocellulose, Its Synthesis, and Potential in Biomedical Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12147090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is the most venerable and essential natural polymer on the planet and is drawing greater attention in the form of nanocellulose, considered an innovative and influential material in the biomedical field. Because of its exceptional physicochemical characteristics, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and high mechanical strength, nanocellulose attracts considerable scientific attention. Plants, algae, and microorganisms are some of the familiar sources of nanocellulose and are usually grouped as cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), cellulose nanofibril (CNF), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). The current review briefly highlights nanocellulose classification and its attractive properties. Further functionalization or chemical modifications enhance the effectiveness and biodegradability of nanocellulose. Nanocellulose-based composites, printing methods, and their potential applications in the biomedical field have also been introduced herein. Finally, the study is summarized with future prospects and challenges associated with the nanocellulose-based materials to promote studies resolving the current issues related to nanocellulose for tissue engineering applications.
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11
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Structural Strength Analyses for Low Brass Filler Biomaterial with Anti-Trauma Effects in Articular Cartilage Scaffold Design. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134446. [PMID: 35806568 PMCID: PMC9267688 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The existing harder biomaterial does not protect the tissue cells with blunt-force trauma effects, making it a poor choice for the articular cartilage scaffold design. Despite the traditional mechanical strengths, this study aims to discover alternative structural strengths for the scaffold supports. The metallic filler polymer reinforced method was used to fabricate the test specimen, either low brass (Cu80Zn20) or titanium dioxide filler, with composition weight percentages (wt.%) of 0, 2, 5, 15, and 30 in polyester urethane adhesive. The specimens were investigated for tensile, flexural, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests. The tensile and flexural test results increased with wt.%, but there were higher values for low brass filler specimens. The tensile strength curves were extended to discover an additional tensile strength occurring before 83% wt.%. The higher flexural stress was because of the Cu solvent and Zn solute substituting each other randomly. The FESEM micrograph showed a cubo-octahedron shaped structure that was similar to the AuCu3 structure class. The XRD pattern showed two prominent peaks of 2θ of 42.6° (110) and 49.7° (200) with d-spacings of 1.138 Å and 1.010 Å, respectively, that indicated the typical face-centred cubic superlattice structure with Cu and Zn atoms. Compared to the copper, zinc, and cart brass, the low brass indicated these superlattice structures had ordered–disordered transitional states. As a result, this additional strength was created by the superlattice structure and ordered–disordered transitional states. This innovative strength has the potential to develop into an anti-trauma biomaterial for osteoarthritic patients.
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12
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Ji SM, Kumar A. Cellulose-Derived Nanostructures as Sustainable Biomass for Supercapacitors: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:169. [PMID: 35012192 PMCID: PMC8747565 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable biomass has attracted a great attention in developing green renewable energy storage devices (e.g., supercapacitors) with low-cost, flexible and lightweight characteristics. Therefore, cellulose has been considered as a suitable candidate to meet the requirements of sustainable energy storage devices due to their most abundant nature, renewability, hydrophilicity, and biodegradability. Particularly, cellulose-derived nanostructures (CNS) are more promising due to their low-density, high surface area, high aspect ratio, and excellent mechanical properties. Recently, various research activities based on CNS and/or various conductive materials have been performed for supercapacitors. In addition, CNS-derived carbon nanofibers prepared by carbonization have also drawn considerable scientific interest because of their high conductivity and rational electrochemical properties. Therefore, CNS or carbonized-CNS based functional materials provide ample opportunities in structure and design engineering approaches for sustainable energy storage devices. In this review, we first provide the introduction and then discuss the fundamentals and technologies of supercapacitors and utilized materials (including cellulose). Next, the efficacy of CNS or carbonized-CNS based materials is discussed. Further, various types of CNS are described and compared. Then, the efficacy of these CNS or carbonized-CNS based materials in developing sustainable energy storage devices is highlighted. Finally, the conclusion and future perspectives are briefly conferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Min Ji
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea;
| | - Anuj Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
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Zhang C, Xie Q, Cha R, Ding L, Jia L, Mou L, Cheng S, Wang N, Li Z, Sun Y, Cui C, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou F, Jiang X. Anticoagulant Hydrogel Tubes with Poly(ɛ-Caprolactone) Sheaths for Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100839. [PMID: 34218526 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Small-diameter vascular grafts (inner diameter < 6 mm) are useful in treating cardiovascular diseases. The off-the-shelf small-diameter vascular grafts for clinical applications remain a great limitation owing to their thrombogenicity or intimal hyperplasia. Herein, bilayer anticoagulant hydrogel tubes with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) sheaths are prepared by freeze-thawing and electrospinning, which contain nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-heparin/poly-L-lysine nanoparticles tube as an inner layer and PCL sheath as an outer layer. The structure, anticoagulant property, and biocompatibility of the inner layer are studied. The effects of thickness of the outer layer on perfusion performance and mechanical property of hydrogel tubes with PCL sheaths (PCL-NFC/PVA-NPs tubes) are investigated. The effect of compliance of PCL-NFC/PVA-NPs tubes on their blood flow is studied by numerical simulation. The tissue compatibility and the patency of PCL-NFC/PVA-NPs tubes are evaluated by implantation in subcutaneous tissue of rats and carotid artery of rabbits. PCL-NFC/PVA-NPs tubes have prominent anticoagulation, sufficient burst pressure and good compliance similar to native arteries. PCL-NFC/PVA-NPs tubes facilitate infiltration of host cells and achieve active proliferation of recruited cells, which will be a promising candidate for small-diameter vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials School of Materials Science and Technology China University of Geosciences (Beijing) No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District Beijing 100083 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Qian Xie
- Division of Nephrology Peking University Third Hospital No. 49 Huayuan Road North, Haidian District Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Ruitao Cha
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Fuwai Hospital State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District Beijing 100037 P. R. China
| | - Liujun Jia
- Animal Experimental Center Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District Beijing 100037 P. R. China
| | - Lei Mou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Nuoxin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Zulan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Pathology Fuwai Hospital State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District Beijing 100037 P. R. China
| | - Chuanjue Cui
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Fuwai Hospital State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District Beijing 100037 P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Fuwai Hospital State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District Beijing 100037 P. R. China
| | - Fengshan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials School of Materials Science and Technology China University of Geosciences (Beijing) No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
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Additive Manufacturing of Biopolymers for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: An Overview, Potential Applications, Advancements, and Trends. INT J POLYM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/4907027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a technique of producing fabric engineering scaffolds, three-dimensional (3D) printing has tremendous possibilities. 3D printing applications are restricted to a wide range of biomaterials in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Due to their biocompatibility, bioactiveness, and biodegradability, biopolymers such as collagen, alginate, silk fibroin, chitosan, alginate, cellulose, and starch are used in a variety of fields, including the food, biomedical, regeneration, agriculture, packaging, and pharmaceutical industries. The benefits of producing 3D-printed scaffolds are many, including the capacity to produce complicated geometries, porosity, and multicell coculture and to take growth factors into account. In particular, the additional production of biopolymers offers new options to produce 3D structures and materials with specialised patterns and properties. In the realm of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM), important progress has been accomplished; now, several state-of-the-art techniques are used to produce porous scaffolds for organ or tissue regeneration to be suited for tissue technology. Natural biopolymeric materials are often better suited for designing and manufacturing healing equipment than temporary implants and tissue regeneration materials owing to its appropriate properties and biocompatibility. The review focuses on the additive manufacturing of biopolymers with significant changes, advancements, trends, and developments in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering with potential applications.
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Kumar A, Han SS. Efficacy of Bacterial Nanocellulose in Hard Tissue Regeneration: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4777. [PMID: 34500866 PMCID: PMC8432490 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC, as exopolysaccharide) synthesized by some specific bacteria strains is a fascinating biopolymer composed of the three-dimensional pure cellulosic nanofibrous matrix without containing lignin, hemicellulose, pectin, and other impurities as in plant-based cellulose. Due to its excellent biocompatibility (in vitro and in vivo), high water-holding capacity, flexibility, high mechanical properties, and a large number of hydroxyl groups that are most similar characteristics of native tissues, BNC has shown great potential in tissue engineering applications. This review focuses on and discusses the efficacy of BNC- or BNC-based biomaterials for hard tissue regeneration. In this review, we provide brief information on the key aspects of synthesis and properties of BNC, including solubility, biodegradability, thermal stability, antimicrobial ability, toxicity, and cellular response. Further, modification approaches are discussed briefly to improve the properties of BNC or BNC-based structures. In addition, various biomaterials by using BNC (as sacrificial template or matrix) or BNC in conjugation with polymers and/or fillers are reviewed and discussed for dental and bone tissue engineering applications. Moreover, the conclusion with perspective for future research directions of using BNC for hard tissue regeneration is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
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Szustak M, Gendaszewska-Darmach E. Nanocellulose-Based Scaffolds for Chondrogenic Differentiation and Expansion. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:736213. [PMID: 34485266 PMCID: PMC8415884 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.736213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose deserves special attention among the large group of biocompatible biomaterials. It exhibits good mechanical properties, which qualifies it for potential use as a scaffold imitating cartilage. However, the reconstruction of cartilage is a big challenge due to this tissue's limited regenerative capacity resulting from its lack of vascularization, innervations, and sparsely distributed chondrocytes. This feature restricts the infiltration of progenitor cells into damaged sites. Unfortunately, differentiated chondrocytes are challenging to obtain, and mesenchymal stem cells have become an alternative approach to promote chondrogenesis. Importantly, nanocellulose scaffolds induce the differentiation of stem cells into chondrocyte phenotypes. In this review, we present the recent progress of nanocellulose-based scaffolds promoting the development of cartilage tissue, especially within the emphasis on chondrogenic differentiation and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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Monfared V, Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, Ramakrishna S, Razzaghi M, Berto F. A Brief Review on Additive Manufacturing of Polymeric Composites and Nanocomposites. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12060704. [PMID: 34208605 PMCID: PMC8234982 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this research article, a mini-review study is performed on the additive manufacturing (AM) of the polymeric matrix composites (PMCs) and nanocomposites. In this regard, some methods for manufacturing and important and applied results are briefly introduced and presented. AM of polymeric matrix composites and nanocomposites has attracted great attention and is emerging as it can make extensively customized parts with appreciably modified and improved mechanical properties compared to the unreinforced polymer materials. However, some matters must be addressed containing reduced bonding of reinforcement and matrix, the slip between reinforcement and matrix, lower creep strength, void configurations, high-speed crack propagation, obstruction because of filler inclusion, enhanced curing time, simulation and modeling, and the cost of manufacturing. In this review, some selected and significant results regarding AM or three-dimensional (3D) printing of polymeric matrix composites and nanocomposites are summarized and discuss. In addition, this article discusses the difficulties in preparing composite feedstock filaments and printing issues with nanocomposites and short and continuous fiber composites. It is discussed how to print various thermoplastic composites ranging from amorphous to crystalline polymers. In addition, the analytical and numerical models used for simulating AM, including the Fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing process and estimating the mechanical properties of printed parts, are explained in detail. Particle, fiber, and nanomaterial-reinforced polymer composites are highlighted for their performance. Finally, key limitations are identified in order to stimulate further 3D printing research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Monfared
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (H.R.B.-R.); (F.B.)
| | - Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran;
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (H.R.B.-R.); (F.B.)
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore;
| | - Mahmood Razzaghi
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran;
| | - Filippo Berto
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (H.R.B.-R.); (F.B.)
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Ee LY, Yau Li SF. Recent advances in 3D printing of nanocellulose: structure, preparation, and application prospects. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1167-1208. [PMID: 36132876 PMCID: PMC9418582 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00408a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging cellulose nanomaterials extracted from agricultural biomasses have recently received extensive attention due to diminishing fossil resources. To further reduce the carbon footprints and wastage of valuable resources, additive manufacturing techniques of new nanocellulosic materials have been developed. Studies on the preparation and characterization of 3D-printable functional nanocellulosic materials have facilitated a deeper understanding into their desirable attributes such as high surface area, biocompatibility, and ease of functionalization. In this critical review, we compare and highlight the different methods of extracting nanocellulose from biorenewable resources and the strategies for transforming the obtained nanocellulose into nanocomposites with high 3D printability. Optimistic technical applications of 3D-printed nanocellulose in biomedical, electronics, and environmental fields are finally described and evaluated for future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ying Ee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore Lower Kent Ridge Road, Science Drive 4, S5-02-03 Singapore 117549
| | - Sam Fong Yau Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore Lower Kent Ridge Road, Science Drive 4, S5-02-03 Singapore 117549
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