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Gray CJ, Migas LG, Barran PE, Pagel K, Seeberger PH, Eyers CE, Boons GJ, Pohl NLB, Compagnon I, Widmalm G, Flitsch SL. Advancing Solutions to the Carbohydrate Sequencing Challenge. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14463-14479. [PMID: 31403778 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates possess a variety of distinct features with stereochemistry playing a particularly important role in distinguishing their structure and function. Monosaccharide building blocks are defined by a high density of chiral centers. Additionally, the anomericity and regiochemistry of the glycosidic linkages carry important biological information. Any carbohydrate-sequencing method needs to be precise in determining all aspects of this stereodiversity. Recently, several advances have been made in developing fast and precise analytical techniques that have the potential to address the stereochemical complexity of carbohydrates. This perspective seeks to provide an overview of some of these emerging techniques, focusing on those that are based on NMR and MS-hybridized technologies including ion mobility spectrometry and IR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Gray
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , Manchester M1 7DN , U.K
| | - Lukasz G Migas
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , Manchester M1 7DN , U.K
| | - Perdita E Barran
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , Manchester M1 7DN , U.K
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustraße 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Biomolecular Systems Department , Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces , Am Muehlenberg 1 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany
| | - Claire E Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool L69 7ZB , U.K
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Nicola L B Pohl
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Isabelle Compagnon
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS , Université de Lyon , 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex , France.,Institut Universitaire de France IUF , 103 Blvd St Michel , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory , Stockholm University , S-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Sabine L Flitsch
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , Manchester M1 7DN , U.K
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2
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Bythell BJ, Rabus JM, Wagoner AR, Abutokaikah MT, Maître P. Sequence Ion Structures and Dissociation Chemistry of Deprotonated Sucrose Anions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:2380-2393. [PMID: 30284205 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the tandem mass spectrometry of regiospecifically labeled, deprotonated sucrose analytes. We utilize density functional theory calculations to model the pertinent gas-phase fragmentation chemistry of the prevalent glycosidic bond cleavages (B1-Y1 and C1-Z1 reactions) and compare these predictions to infrared spectroscopy experiments on the resulting B1 and C1 product anions. For the C1 anions, barriers to interconversion of the pyranose [α-glucose-H]-, C1 anions to entropically favorable ring-open aldehyde-terminated forms were modest (41 kJ mol-1) consistent with the observation of a band assigned to a carbonyl stretch at ~ 1680-1720 cm-1. For the B1 anions, our transition structure calculations predict the presence of both deprotonated 1,6-anhydroglucose and carbon 2-ketone ((4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)dihydro-2H-pyran-3(4H)-one) anion structures, with the latter predominating. This hypothesis is supported by our spectroscopic data which show diagnostic bands at 1600, 1674, and 1699 cm-1 (deprotonated carbon 2-ketone structures), and at ~ 1541 cm-1 (both types of structure) and RRKM rate calculations. The deprotonated carbon 2-ketone structures are also the lowest energy product B1 anions. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Bythell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA.
| | - Jordan M Rabus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Ashley R Wagoner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Maha T Abutokaikah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Philippe Maître
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique (UMR8000), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
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3
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Abutokaikah MT, Frye JW, Tschampel J, Rabus JM, Bythell BJ. Fragmentation Pathways of Lithiated Hexose Monosaccharides. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:1627-1637. [PMID: 29740760 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-1973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We characterize the primary fragmentation reactions of three isomeric lithiated D-hexose sugars (glucose, galactose, and mannose) utilizing tandem mass spectrometry, regiospecific labeling, and theory. We provide evidence that these three isomers populate similar fragmentation pathways to produce the abundant cross-ring cleavage peaks (0,2A1 and 0,3A1). These pathways are highly consistent with the prior literature (Hofmeister et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 5964-5970, 1991, Bythell et al. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 28, 688-703, 2017, Rabus et al. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19, 25643-25652, 2017) and the present labeling data. However, the structure-specific energetics and rate-determining steps of these reactions differ as a function of precursor sugar and anomeric configuration. The lowest energy water loss pathways involve loss of the anomeric oxygen to furnish B1 ions. For glucose and galactose, the lithiated α-anomers generate ketone structures at C2 in a concerted reaction involving a 1,2-migration of the C2-H to the anomeric carbon (C1). In contrast, the β-anomers are predicted to form 1,3-anhydroglucose/galactose B1 ion structures. Initiation of the water loss reactions from each anomeric configuration requires distinct reactive conformers, resulting in different product ion structures. Inversion of the stereochemistry at C2 has marked consequences. Both lithiated mannose forms expel water to form 1,2-anhydromannose B1 ions with the newly formed epoxide group above the ring. Additionally, provided water loss is not instantaneous, the α-anomer can also isomerize to generate a ketone structure at C2 in a concerted reaction involving a 1,2-migration of the C2-H to C1. This product is indistinguishable to that from α-glucose. The energetics and interplay of these pathways are discussed. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha T Abutokaikah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Joseph W Frye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - John Tschampel
- University City High School, 7401 Balson Ave, University City, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jordan M Rabus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Benjamin J Bythell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA.
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4
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Rabus JM, Simmons DR, Maître P, Bythell BJ. Deprotonated carbohydrate anion fragmentation chemistry: structural evidence from tandem mass spectrometry, infra-red spectroscopy, and theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:27897-27909. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02620c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the gas-phase structures and fragmentation chemistry of deprotonated carbohydrate anions using combined tandem mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, regioselective labelling, and theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M. Rabus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Missouri-St. Louis
- St. Louis
- USA
| | - Daniel R. Simmons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Missouri-St. Louis
- St. Louis
- USA
| | - Philippe Maître
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique (UMR8000)
- CNRS
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Orsay
| | - Benjamin J. Bythell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Missouri-St. Louis
- St. Louis
- USA
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5
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El-Hawiet A, Chen Y, Shams-Ud-Doha K, Kitova EN, St-Pierre Y, Klassen JS. High-Throughput Label- and Immobilization-Free Screening of Human Milk Oligosaccharides Against Lectins. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8713-8722. [PMID: 28749685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The intense interest in the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of breast-feeding on infant health has created a significant need for analytical methods capable of rapidly identifying interactions between human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and their protein receptors. Currently, there are no established, high-throughput assays for the screening libraries of free (unmodified) HMOs against lectins. The present work describes a rapid and label- and immobilization-free assay, based on catch-and-release electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CaR-ESI-MS), capable of simultaneously screening mixtures of free HMOs of known concentration for binding to lectins in vitro. Ligand identification relies on the molecular weights (MWs), ion mobility separation arrival times, and collision-induced dissociation fingerprints of HMO anions released from the target protein in the gas phase. To establish the reliability of the assay, a library of 31 free HMOs, ranging in size from tri- to octasaccharide, was screened against three human galectin (hGal) proteins (a stable mutant of hGal1 (hGal-1), a C-terminal fragment of hGal-3 (hGal-3C) and hGal-7), with known HMO affinities. When implemented using an equimolar concentration library, the CaR-ESI-MS assay identified 100% of ligands with affinities >500 M-1 and ≥93% of all HMO ligands (hGal-1-31 of 31 ligands; hGal-3C-25 of 25; hGal-7-28 of 30); no false positives were detected. The assay also successfully identified the majority of the highest affinity HMO ligands (or isomer sets that contain the highest affinity ligands) in the library for each of the three hGal. Notably, for each lectin, CaR-ESI-MS screening required <1 h to complete and consumed <5 ng of each HMO and <0.5 μg of protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Hawiet
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2G2.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University , Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yajie Chen
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Km Shams-Ud-Doha
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Elena N Kitova
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Yves St-Pierre
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - John S Klassen
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2G2
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6
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Gray CJ, Schindler B, Migas LG, Pičmanová M, Allouche AR, Green AP, Mandal S, Motawia MS, Sánchez-Pérez R, Bjarnholt N, Møller BL, Rijs AM, Barran PE, Compagnon I, Eyers CE, Flitsch SL. Bottom-Up Elucidation of Glycosidic Bond Stereochemistry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4540-4549. [PMID: 28350444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The lack of robust, high-throughput, and sensitive analytical strategies that can conclusively map the structure of glycans has significantly hampered progress in fundamental and applied aspects of glycoscience. Resolution of the anomeric α/β glycan linkage within oligosaccharides remains a particular challenge. Here, we show that "memory" of anomeric configuration is retained following gas-phase glycosidic bond fragmentation during tandem mass spectrometry (MS2). These findings allow for integration of MS2 with ion mobility spectrometry (IM-MS2) and lead to a strategy to distinguish α- and β-linkages within natural underivatized carbohydrates. We have applied this fragment-based hyphenated MS technology to oligosaccharide standards and to de novo sequencing of purified plant metabolite glycoconjugates, showing that the anomeric signature is also observable in fragments derived from larger glycans. The discovery of the unexpected anomeric memory effect is further supported by IR-MS action spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. Quantum mechanical calculations provide candidate geometries for the distinct anomeric fragment ions, in turn shedding light on gas-phase dissociation mechanisms of glycosidic linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Gray
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Baptiste Schindler
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Lukasz G Migas
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Pičmanová
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Center for Synthetic Biology, University of Copenhagen , 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abdul R Allouche
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Anthony P Green
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Santanu Mandal
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed S Motawia
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Center for Synthetic Biology, University of Copenhagen , 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Pérez
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Center for Synthetic Biology, University of Copenhagen , 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Bjarnholt
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Center for Synthetic Biology, University of Copenhagen , 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birger L Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Center for Synthetic Biology, University of Copenhagen , 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anouk M Rijs
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Perdita E Barran
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom.,Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Compagnon
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.,Institut Universitaire de France IUF , 103 Boulevard St. Michel, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Claire E Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine L Flitsch
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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7
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Morrison KA, Bendiak BK, Clowers BH. Enhanced Mixture Separations of Metal Adducted Tetrasaccharides Using Frequency Encoded Ion Mobility Separations and Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:664-677. [PMID: 27796835 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Using five isomeric tetrasaccharides in combination with seven multivalent metals, the impact on mobility separations and resulting CID spectra were examined using a hybrid ion mobility atmospheric pressure drift tube system coupled with a linear ion trap. By enhancing the duty cycle of the drift tube system using a linearly chirped frequency, the collision-induced dissociation spectra were encoded in the mobility domain according to the drift times of each glycan isomer precursor. Differential fragmentation patterns correlated with precursor drift times ensured direct assignment of fragments with precursor structure whether as individual standards or in a mixture of isomers. In addition to certain metal ions providing higher degrees of separation than others, in select cases more than one arrival time distribution was observed for a single pure carbohydrate isomer. These observations suggest the existence of alternative coordination sites within a single monomeric species, but more interesting was the observation of different fragmentation ion yields for carbohydrate dimers formed through metal adduction. Positive-ion data were also compared with negative-ion species, where dimer formation did not occur and single peaks were observed for each isomeric tetrasaccharide-alditol. This enhanced analytical power has implications not only for carbohydrate molecules but also for a wide variety of complex mixtures of molecules where dissociation spectra may potentially be derived from combinations of monomeric, homodimeric, and heterodimeric species having identical nominal m/z values. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 644630, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Brad K Bendiak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Mail Stop 8108, 12801 E 17th Ave., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Brian H Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 644630, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
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8
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Tan Y, Zhao N, Liu J, Li P, Stedwell CN, Yu L, Polfer NC. Vibrational Signatures of Isomeric Lithiated N-acetyl-D-hexosamines by Gas-Phase Infrared Multiple-Photon Dissociation (IRMPD) Spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:539-550. [PMID: 28050874 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Three lithiated N-acetyl-D-hexosamine (HexNAc) isomers, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc), and N-acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc) are investigated as model monosaccharide derivatives by gas-phase infrared multiple-photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy. The hydrogen stretching region, which is attributed to OH and NH stretching modes, reveals some distinguishing spectral features of the lithium-adducted complexes that are useful in terms of differentiating these isomers. In order to understand the effect of lithium coordination on saccharide structure, and therefore anomericity, chair configuration, and hydrogen bonding networks, the conformational preferences of lithiated GlcNAc, GalNAc, and ManNAc are studied by comparing the experimental measurements with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The experimental results of lithiated GlcNAc and GalNAc show a good match to the theoretical spectra of low-energy structures adopting a 4 C 1 chair conformation, consistent with this motif being the dominant conformation in condensed-phase monosaccharides. The epimerization effect upon going to lithiated ManNAc is significant, as in this case the 1 C 4 chair conformers give a more compelling match with the experimental results, consistent with their lower calculated energies. A contrasting computational study of these monosaccharides in their neutral form suggests that the lithium cation coordination with Lewis base oxygens can play a key role in favoring particular structural motifs (e.g., a 4 C 1 versus 1 C 4 ) and disrupting hydrogen bond networks, thus exhibiting specific IR spectral features between these closely related lithium-chelated complexes. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglan Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Corey N Stedwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Long Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Nicolas C Polfer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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9
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Zeng Z, Bernstein ER. Anionic fructose-related conformational and positional isomers assigned through PES experiments and DFT calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:23325-23344. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03492j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fructose− exists as an open chain structure with substrate dependent specific conformational isomers. (Fructose-H2O)− evidences two types of positional isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- Department of Chemistry
- NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology
- Colorado State University
- Fort Collins
- USA
| | - Elliot R. Bernstein
- Department of Chemistry
- NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology
- Colorado State University
- Fort Collins
- USA
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10
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Schindler B, Joshi J, Allouche AR, Simon D, Chambert S, Brites V, Gaigeot MP, Compagnon I. Distinguishing isobaric phosphated and sulfated carbohydrates by coupling of mass spectrometry with gas phase vibrational spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:22131-8. [PMID: 25211353 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02898h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An original application of the coupling of mass spectrometry with vibrational spectroscopy, used for the first time to discriminate isobaric bioactive saccharides with sulfate and phosphate functional modifications, is presented. Whereas their nominal masses and fragmentation patterns are undifferentiated by sole mass spectrometry, their distinctive OH stretching modes at 3595 cm(-1) and 3666 cm(-1), respectively, provide a reliable spectroscopic diagnostic for distinguishing their sulfate or phosphate functionalization. A detailed analysis of the 6-sulfated and 6-phosphated d-glucosamine conformations is presented, together with theoretical scaled harmonic spectra and anharmonic spectra (VPT2 and DFT-based molecular dynamics simulations). Strong anharmonic effects are observed in the case of the phosphated species, resulting in a dramatic enhancement of its phosphate diagnostic mode.
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11
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Pearson WL, Contreras C, Powell D, Berden G, Oomens J, Bendiak B, Eyler JR. Differentiation of Rubidiated Methyl-d-Glycoside Stereoisomers by Infrared Multiple-Photon Dissociation Spectroscopy in the O–H and C–H Stretching Regions. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:12970-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b06563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wright L. Pearson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Cesar Contreras
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - David Powell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Giel Berden
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and
Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and
Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- University of Amsterdam, Science
Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brad Bendiak
- Department
of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Structural Biology
and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - John R. Eyler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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Konda C, Londry FA, Bendiak B, Xia Y. Assignment of the stereochemistry and anomeric configuration of sugars within oligosaccharides via overlapping disaccharide ladders using MS(n). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:1441-1450. [PMID: 24722900 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A systematic approach is described that can pinpoint the stereo-structures (sugar identity, anomeric configuration, and location) of individual sugar units within linear oligosaccharides. Using a highly modified mass spectrometer, dissociation of linear oligosaccharides in the gas phase was optimized along multiple-stage tandem dissociation pathways (MS(n), n = 4 or 5). The instrument was a hybrid triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometer capable of high-efficiency bidirectional ion transfer between quadrupole arrays. Different types of collision-induced dissociation (CID), either on-resonance ion trap or beam-type CID could be utilized at any given stage of dissociation, enabling either glycosidic bond cleavages or cross-ring cleavages to be maximized when wanted. The approach first involves optimizing the isolation of disaccharide units as an ordered set of overlapping substructures via glycosidic bond cleavages during early stages of MS(n), with explicit intent to minimize cross-ring cleavages. Subsequently, cross-ring cleavages were optimized for individual disaccharides to yield key diagnostic product ions (m/z 221). Finally, fingerprint patterns that establish stereochemistry and anomeric configuration were obtained from the diagnostic ions via CID. Model linear oligosaccharides were derivatized at the reducing end, allowing overlapping ladders of disaccharides to be isolated from MS(n). High confidence stereo-structural determination was achieved by matching MS(n) CID of the diagnostic ions to synthetic standards via a spectral matching algorithm. Using this MS(n) (n = 4 or 5) approach, the stereo-structures, anomeric configurations, and locations of three individual sugar units within two pentasaccharides were successfully determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Konda
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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13
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Abstract
Although carbohydrates represent one of the most important families of biomolecules, they remain under-studied in comparison to the other biomolecular families (peptides, nucleobases). Beyond their best-known function of energy source in living systems, they act as mediator of molecular recognition processes, carrying molecular information in the so-called "sugar code," just to name one of their countless functions. Owing to their high conformational flexibility, they encode extremely rich information conveyed via the non-covalent hydrogen bonds within the carbohydrate and with other biomolecular assemblies, such as peptide subunits of proteins. Over the last decade there has been tremendous progress in the study of the conformational preferences of neutral oligosaccharides, and of the interactions between carbohydrates and various molecular partners (water, aromatic models, and peptide models), using vibrational spectroscopy as a sensitive probe. In parallel, other spectroscopic techniques have recently become available to the study of carbohydrates in the gas phase (microwave spectroscopy, IRMPD on charged species).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J Cocinero
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV - EHU), Apartado 644, 48940, Bilbao, Spain,
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14
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Li H, Bendiak B, Siems WF, Gang DR, Hill HH. Ion mobility mass spectrometry analysis of isomeric disaccharide precursor, product and cluster ions. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:2699-709. [PMID: 24591031 PMCID: PMC4317727 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Carbohydrates are highly variable in structure owing to differences in their anomeric configurations, monomer stereochemistry, inter-residue linkage positions and general branching features. The separation of carbohydrate isomers poses a great challenge for current analytical techniques. METHODS The isomeric heterogeneity of disaccharide ions and monosaccharide-glycolaldehyde product ions was evaluated using electrospray traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (Synapt G2 high-definition mass spectrometer) in both positive and negative ion modes. RESULTS The separation of isomeric disaccharide ions was observed but not fully achieved based on their mobility profiles. The mobilities of isomeric product ions, the monosaccharide-glycolaldehydes, derived from different disaccharide isomers were measured. Multiple mobility peaks were observed for both monosaccharide-glycolaldehyde cations and anions, indicating that there was more than one structural configuration in the gas phase as verified by NMR in solution. More importantly, the mobility patterns for isomeric monosaccharide-glycolaldehyde product ions were different, which enabled partial characterization of their respective disaccharide ions. Abundant disaccharide cluster ions were also observed. The results showed that a majority of isomeric cluster ions had different drift times and, moreover, more than one mobility peak was detected for a number of specific cluster ions. CONCLUSIONS It is demonstrated that ion mobility mass spectrometry is an advantageous method to assess the isomeric heterogeneity of carbohydrate compounds. It is capable of differentiating different types of carbohydrate ions having identical m/z values as well as multiple structural configurations of single compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Li
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Brad Bendiak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - William F. Siems
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - David R. Gang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Herbert H. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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15
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Stedwell CN, Galindo JF, Roitberg AE, Polfer NC. Structures of biomolecular ions in the gas phase probed by infrared light sources. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2013; 6:267-285. [PMID: 23560933 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-062012-092700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy of biomolecular ions combines mass spectrometry's high sensitivity and ability to analyze complex mixtures with the enhanced structural information available from vibrational spectroscopy. IR spectroscopy is in principle well placed to distinguish isomers and allow chemical classification of unknown molecules. This review gives an outline of current instrumentation, spectroscopic approaches, and potential bottlenecks. We discuss the most promising applications in bioanalytical mass spectrometry in view of recent experimental results, as well as future applications based on bioinformatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey N Stedwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, USA.
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16
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Li H, Bendiak B, Siems WF, Gang DR, Hill HH. Carbohydrate structure characterization by tandem ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS)2. Anal Chem 2013; 85:2760-9. [PMID: 23330948 PMCID: PMC3633474 DOI: 10.1021/ac303273z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A high resolution ion mobility spectrometer was interfaced to a Synapt G2 high definition mass spectrometer (HDMS) to produce IMMS-IMMS analysis. The hybrid instrument contained an electrospray ionization source, two ion gates, an ambient pressure linear ion mobility drift tube, a quadrupole mass filter, a traveling wave ion mobility spectrometer (TWIMS), and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The dual gate drift tube ion mobility spectrometer (DTIMS) could be used to acquire traditional IMS spectra but also could selectively transfer specific mobility selected precursor ions to the Synapt G2 HDMS for mass filtration (quadrupole). The mobility and mass selected ions could then be introduced into a collision cell for fragmentation followed by mobility separation of the fragment ions with the traveling wave ion mobility spectrometer. These mobility separated fragment ions are finally mass analyzed using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. This results in an IMMS-IMMS analysis and provides a method to evaluate the isomeric heterogeneity of precursor ions by both DTIMS and TWIMS to acquire a mobility-selected and mass-filtered fragmentation pattern and to additionally obtain traveling wave ion mobility spectra of the corresponding product ions. This new IMMS(2) instrument enables the structural diversity of carbohydrates to be studied in greater detail. The physical separation of isomeric oligosaccharide mixtures was achieved by both DTIMS and TWIMS, with DTIMS demonstrating higher resolving power (70-80) than TWIMS (30-40). Mobility selected MS/MS spectra were obtained, and TWIMS evaluation of product ions showed that isomeric forms of fragment ions existed for identical m/z values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Li
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, US
| | - Brad Bendiak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - William F. Siems
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, US
| | - David R. Gang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, US
| | - Herbert H. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, US
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17
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Zhu Z, Song L, Bartmess JE. Differentiation of underivatized monosaccharides by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:1320-1328. [PMID: 22555925 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Differentiation of underivatized monosaccharides is essential in the structural elucidation of oligosaccharides which are closely involved in many life processes. So far, such differentiation has been usually achieved by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). As an alternative to ESI-MS, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) should provide complementary results. METHODS A quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer with accurate mass measurement ability was used with an APCI heated nebulizer ion source because we believe that a recently published article using a single quadrupole mass spectrometer assigned incorrect identities for APCI ions from hexoses. Using APCI-QTOF, the MS(2) and pseudo-MS(3) mass spectra of 11 underivatized monosaccharides were obtained under various collision voltages. The mass spectra were carefully interpreted after accurate mass measurement. RESULTS Differentiation of three hexoses was achieved by different MS(2) spectra of their [M + NH(4)](+) and [M - H](-) ions. The MS(2) spectra of the [M + NH(4)](+) ions were also used to distinguish methyl α-D-glucose and methyl β-D-glucose, while the pseudo-MS(3) spectra of the [M + H](+) ions were utilized to differentiate the three hexosamine and N-acetylhexosamine stereoisomers. Unique [M + O(2)](-) ions were observed and their distinctive fragmentation patterns were utilized to differentiate the three hexosamine stereoisomers. CONCLUSIONS Although ESI coupled with single or triple quadrupole and ion trap mass spectrometers has been widely utilized in the differentiation of monosaccharides, this report demonstrated that APCI-QTOF-MS had its own advantages in achieving the same goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqian Zhu
- Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1600, USA
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18
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Konda C, Bendiak B, Xia Y. Differentiation of the stereochemistry and anomeric configuration for 1-3 linked disaccharides via tandem mass spectrometry and 18O-labeling. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:347-358. [PMID: 22095166 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of deprotonated hexose-containing disaccharides (m/z 341) with 1-2, 1-4, and 1-6 linkages yields product ions at m/z 221, which have been identified as glycosyl-glycolaldehyde anions. From disaccharides with these linkages, CID of m/z 221 ions produces distinct fragmentation patterns that enable the stereochemistries and anomeric configurations of the non-reducing sugar units to be determined. However, only trace quantities of m/z 221 ions can be generated for 1-3 linkages in Paul or linear ion traps, preventing further CID analysis. Here we demonstrate that high intensities of m/z 221 ions can be built up in the linear ion trap (Q3) from beam-type CID of a series of 1-3 linked disaccharides conducted on a triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometer. (18)O-labeling at the carbonyl position of the reducing sugar allowed mass-discrimination of the "sidedness" of dissociation events to either side of the glycosidic linkage. Under relatively low energy beam-type CID and ion trap CID, an m/z 223 product ion containing (18)O predominated. It was a structural isomer that fragmented quite differently than the glycosyl-glycolaldehydes and did not provide structural information about the non-reducing sugar. Under higher collision energy beam-type CID conditions, the formation of m/z 221 ions, which have the glycosyl-glycolaldehyde structures, were favored. Characteristic fragmentation patterns were observed for each m/z 221 ion from higher energy beam-type CID of 1-3 linked disaccharides and the stereochemistry of the non-reducing sugar, together with the anomeric configuration, were successfully identified both with and without (18)O-labeling of the reducing sugar carbonyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Konda
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1393, USA
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19
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Stefan SE, Ehsan M, Pearson WL, Aksenov A, Boginski V, Bendiak B, Eyler JR. Differentiation of Closely Related Isomers: Application of Data Mining Techniques in Conjunction with Variable Wavelength Infrared Multiple Photon Dissociation Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Glucose-Containing Disaccharide Ions. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8468-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2017103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Stefan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Mohammad Ehsan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Wright L. Pearson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Alexander Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Vladimir Boginski
- Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, University of Florida, 1350 North Poquito Road, Shalimar, Florida 32579-1163, United States
| | - Brad Bendiak
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology and Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - John R. Eyler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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