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Yao ZY, Gong JS, Jiang JY, Su C, Zhao WH, Xu ZH, Shi JS. Unraveling the intricacies of glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis: Decoding the molecular symphony in understanding complex polysaccharide assembly. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 75:108416. [PMID: 39033835 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are extensively utilized in clinical, cosmetic, and healthcare field, as well as in the treatment of thrombosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatism, and cancer. The biological production of GAGs is a strategy that has garnered significant attention due to its numerous advantages over traditional preparation methods. In this review, we embark on a journey to decode the intricate molecular symphony that orchestrates the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans. By unraveling the complex interplay of related enzymes and thorough excavation of the intricate metabolic cascades involved, GAGs chain aggregation and transportation, which efficiently and controllably modulate GAGs sulfation patterns involved in biosynthetic pathway, we endeavor to offer a thorough comprehension of how these remarkable GAGs are intricately assembled and pushes the boundaries of our understanding in GAGs biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, PR China.
| | - Jia-Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Chang Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, PR China
| | - Wen-Han Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, PR China; College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, PR China.
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2
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Zhao S, Zhang T, Kan Y, Li H, Li JP. Overview of the current procedures in synthesis of heparin saccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122220. [PMID: 38823902 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Natural heparin, a glycosaminoglycan consisting of repeating hexuronic acid and glucosamine linked by 1 → 4 glycosidic bonds, is the most widely used anticoagulant. To subvert the dependence on animal sourced heparin, alternative methods to produce heparin saccharides, i.e., either heterogenous sugar chains similar to natural heparin, or structurally defined oligosaccharides, are becoming hot subjects. Although the success by chemical synthesis of the pentasaccharide, fondaparinux, encourages to proceed through a chemical approach generating homogenous product, synthesizing larger oligos is still cumbersome and beyond reach so far. Alternatively, the chemoenzymatic pathway exhibited exquisite stereoselectivity of glycosylation and regioselectivity of modification, with the advantage to skip the tedious protection steps unavoidable in chemical synthesis. However, to a scale of drug production needed today is still not in sight. In comparison, a procedure of de novo biosynthesis in an organism could be an ultimate goal. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the current available/developing strategies and techniques, which is expected to provide a comprehensive picture for production of heparin saccharides to replenish or eventually to replace the animal derived products. In chemical and chemoenzymatic approaches, the methodologies are discussed according to the synthesis procedures: building block preparation, chain elongation, and backbone modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siran Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianji Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Kan
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
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3
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Frohnmeyer H, Verkade JMM, Spiertz M, Rentsch A, Hoffmann N, Sobota M, Schwede F, Tjeerdsma P, Elling L. Process Development for the Enzymatic Gram-Scale Production of the Unnatural Nucleotide Sugar UDP-6-Azido-GalNAc. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400311. [PMID: 38655621 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Azido sugars hold great promise as substrates in numerous click-chemistry applications. However, the synthesis of activated azido sugars is limited by cost and complexity. Conventional chemical activation methods are intricate and time-consuming. In response, we have developed a process for the large-scale production of UDP-6-azido-GalNAc through enzymatic nucleotide sugar synthesis on a gram scale. Our optimization strategies encompassed refining the process parameters of an enzyme cascade featuring NahK from Bifidobacterium longum and AGX1 from Homo sapiens. Using the repetitive-batch-mode technology, we synthesized up to 2.1 g of UDP-6-azido-GalNAc, achieving yields up to 97 % in five consecutive batch cycles using a single enzyme batch. The synthesis process demonstrated to have total turnover numbers (TTNs) between 4.4-4.8 g of product per gram of enzyme (gP/gE) and STYs ranging from 1.7-2.4 g per liter per hour (g*L-1*h-1). By purification of a product solution pool containing 2.6 g (4.1 mmol) UDP-6-azido-GalNAc, 2.1 g (2,122.1 mg) UDP-6-azido-GalNAc (sodium salt) with a purity of 99.96 % (HPLC) were obtained. The overall recovery after purification was 81 % (3.32 mmol). Our work establishes a robust production platform for the gram-scale synthesis of unnatural nucleotide sugars, opening new avenues for applications in glycan engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Frohnmeyer
- RWTH Aachen University, Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jorge M M Verkade
- Synaffix BV, Pivot Park, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB, Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Spiertz
- SeSaM-Biotech GmbH, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Rentsch
- Biolog Life Science Institute GmbH & Co. KG, Flughafendamm 9a, 28199, Bremen, Germany
| | - Niels Hoffmann
- RWTH Aachen University, Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Milan Sobota
- SeSaM-Biotech GmbH, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Schwede
- Biolog Life Science Institute GmbH & Co. KG, Flughafendamm 9a, 28199, Bremen, Germany
| | - Peter Tjeerdsma
- Synaffix BV, Pivot Park, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB, Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Lothar Elling
- RWTH Aachen University, Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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4
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Dolan JP, Ahmadipour S, Wahart AJC, Cheallaigh AN, Sari S, Eurtivong C, Lima MA, Skidmore MA, Volcho KP, Reynisson J, Field RA, Miller GJ. Virtual screening, identification and in vitro validation of small molecule GDP-mannose dehydrogenase inhibitors. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:865-870. [PMID: 37920392 PMCID: PMC10619135 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon undergoing mucoid conversion within the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa synthesises copious quantities of the virulence factor and exopolysaccharide alginate. The enzyme guanosine diphosphate mannose dehydrogenase (GMD) catalyses the rate-limiting step and irreversible formation of the alginate sugar nucleotide building block, guanosine diphosphate mannuronic acid. Since there is no corresponding enzyme in humans, strategies that could prevent its mechanism of action could open a pathway for new and selective inhibitors to disrupt bacterial alginate production. Using virtual screening, a library of 1447 compounds within the Known Drug Space parameters were evaluated against the GMD active site using the Glide, FRED and GOLD algorithms. Compound hit evaluation with recombinant GMD refined the panel of 40 potential hits to 6 compounds which reduced NADH production in a time-dependent manner; of which, an usnic acid derivative demonstrated inhibition six-fold stronger than a previously established sugar nucleotide inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 17 μM. Further analysis by covalent docking and mass spectrometry confirm a single site of GMD alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Dolan
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Department of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Alice J C Wahart
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Aisling Ní Cheallaigh
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Suat Sari
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry 06100 Ankara Turkey
| | - Chatchakorn Eurtivong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University 447 Si Ayutthaya Road Ratchathewi Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Mark A Skidmore
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Konstantin P Volcho
- N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- Hornbeam Building, School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
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5
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Harnagel AP, Sheshova M, Zheng M, Zheng M, Skorupinska-Tudek K, Swiezewska E, Lupoli TJ. Preference of Bacterial Rhamnosyltransferases for 6-Deoxysugars Reveals a Strategy To Deplete O-Antigens. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37437030 PMCID: PMC10375533 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria synthesize hundreds of bacteria-specific or "rare" sugars that are absent in mammalian cells and enriched in 6-deoxy monosaccharides such as l-rhamnose (l-Rha). Across bacteria, l-Rha is incorporated into glycans by rhamnosyltransferases (RTs) that couple nucleotide sugar substrates (donors) to target biomolecules (acceptors). Since l-Rha is required for the biosynthesis of bacterial glycans involved in survival or host infection, RTs represent potential antibiotic or antivirulence targets. However, purified RTs and their unique bacterial sugar substrates have been difficult to obtain. Here, we use synthetic nucleotide rare sugar and glycolipid analogs to examine substrate recognition by three RTs that produce cell envelope components in diverse species, including a known pathogen. We find that bacterial RTs prefer pyrimidine nucleotide-linked 6-deoxysugars, not those containing a C6-hydroxyl, as donors. While glycolipid acceptors must contain a lipid, isoprenoid chain length, and stereochemistry can vary. Based on these observations, we demonstrate that a 6-deoxysugar transition state analog inhibits an RT in vitro and reduces levels of RT-dependent O-antigen polysaccharides in Gram-negative cells. As O-antigens are virulence factors, bacteria-specific sugar transferase inhibition represents a novel strategy to prevent bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa P Harnagel
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Mia Sheshova
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Meng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Maggie Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | | | - Ewa Swiezewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
| | - Tania J Lupoli
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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6
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Dolan JP, Cosgrove SC, Miller GJ. Biocatalytic Approaches to Building Blocks for Enzymatic and Chemical Glycan Synthesis. JACS AU 2023; 3:47-61. [PMID: 36711082 PMCID: PMC9875253 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
While the field of biocatalysis has bloomed over the past 20-30 years, advances in the understanding and improvement of carbohydrate-active enzymes, in particular, the sugar nucleotides involved in glycan building block biosynthesis, have progressed relatively more slowly. This perspective highlights the need for further insight into substrate promiscuity and the use of biocatalysis fundamentals (rational design, directed evolution, immobilization) to expand substrate scopes toward such carbohydrate building block syntheses and/or to improve enzyme stability, kinetics, or turnover. Further, it explores the growing premise of using biocatalysis to provide simple, cost-effective access to stereochemically defined carbohydrate materials, which can undergo late-stage chemical functionalization or automated glycan synthesis/polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Dolan
- School of Chemical and Physical
Sciences & Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian C. Cosgrove
- School of Chemical and Physical
Sciences & Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- School of Chemical and Physical
Sciences & Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
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7
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Du X, Chu X, Liu N, Jia X, Peng H, Xiao Y, Liu L, Yu H, Li F, He C. Structures of the NDP-pyranose mutase belonging to glycosyltransferase family 75 reveal residues important for Mn 2+ coordination and substrate binding. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102903. [PMID: 36642179 PMCID: PMC9937993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of glycosyltransferase family 75 (GT75) not only reversibly catalyze the autoglycosylation of a conserved arginine residue with specific NDP-sugars but also exhibit NDP-pyranose mutase activity that reversibly converts specific NDP-pyranose to NDP-furanose. The latter activity provides valuable NDP-furanosyl donors for glycosyltransferases and requires a divalent cation as a cofactor instead of FAD used by UDP-D-galactopyranose mutase. However, details of the mechanism for NDP-pyranose mutase activity are not clear. Here we report the first crystal structures of GT75 family NDP-pyranose mutases. The novel structures of GT75 member MtdL in complex with Mn2+ and GDP, GDP-D-glucopyranose, GDP-L-fucopyranose, GDP-L-fucofuranose, respectively, combined with site-directed mutagenesis studies, reveal key residues involved in Mn2+ coordination, substrate binding, and catalytic reactions. We also provide a possible catalytic mechanism for this unique type of NDP-pyranose mutase. Taken together, our results highlight key elements of an enzyme family important for furanose biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Du
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing and School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuan Chu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing and School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing and School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jia
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing and School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing and School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yazhong Xiao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing and School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing and School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Fudong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chao He
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing and School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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8
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Zheng M, Zheng M, Lupoli TJ. Expanding the Substrate Scope of a Bacterial Nucleotidyltransferase via Allosteric Mutations. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:2035-2044. [PMID: 36106727 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial glycoconjugates, such as cell surface polysaccharides and glycoproteins, play important roles in cellular interactions and survival. Enzymes called nucleotidyltransferases use sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) to produce nucleoside diphosphate sugars (NDP-sugars), which serve as building blocks for most glycoconjugates. Research spanning several decades has shown that some bacterial nucleotidyltransferases have broad substrate tolerance and can be exploited to produce a variety of NDP-sugars in vitro. While these enzymes are known to be allosterically regulated by NDP-sugars and their fragments, much work has focused on the effect of active site mutations alone. Here, we show that rational mutations in the allosteric site of the nucleotidyltransferase RmlA lead to expanded substrate tolerance and improvements in catalytic activity that can be explained by subtle changes in quaternary structure and interactions with ligands. These observations will help inform future studies on the directed biosynthesis of diverse bacterial NDP-sugars and downstream glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Meng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Tania J Lupoli
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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9
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Zheng J, Xu H, Fang J, Zhang X. Enzymatic and chemoenzymatic synthesis of human milk oligosaccharides and derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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10
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Miyagawa A, Kamikawa S, Miyazaki S, Kamiya T, Yamamura H. Synthesis of UDP-glucose with 1,2-trans glycoside in a one-step reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Cosgrove SC, Miller GJ. Advances in biocatalytic and chemoenzymatic synthesis of nucleoside analogues. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:355-364. [PMID: 35133222 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2039620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nucleoside analogues represent a cornerstone of achievement in drug discovery, rising to prominence particularly in the fields of antiviral and anticancer discovery over the last 60 years. Traditionally accessed using chemical synthesis, a paradigm shift to include the use of biocatalytic synthesis is now apparent. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors discuss the recent advances using this technology to access nucleoside analogues. Two key aspects are covered, the first surrounding methodology concepts, effectively using enzymes to access diverse nucleoside analogue space and also for producing key building blocks. The second focuses on the use of biocatalytic cascades for de novo syntheses of nucleoside analogue drugs. Finally, recent advances in technologies for effecting enzymatic nucleoside synthesis are considered, chiefly immobilization and flow. EXPERT OPINION Enzymatic synthesis of nucleoside analogues is maturing but has yet to usurp chemical synthesis as a first-hand synthesis technology, with scalability and substrate modification primary issues. Moving forward, tandem approaches that harness expertise across molecular microbiology and chemical synthesis will be vital to unlocking the potential of next generation nucleoside analogue drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C Cosgrove
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK.,Centre for Glycoscience Research, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK.,Centre for Glycoscience Research, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
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12
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13
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Ahmadipour S, Wahart AJC, Dolan JP, Beswick L, Hawes CS, Field RA, Miller GJ. Synthesis of C6-modified mannose 1-phosphates and evaluation of derived sugar nucleotides against GDP-mannose dehydrogenase. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1379-1384. [PMID: 36247981 PMCID: PMC9531554 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sufferers of cystic fibrosis are at significant risk of contracting chronic bacterial lung infections. The dominant pathogen in these cases is mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Such infections are characterised by overproduction of the exopolysaccharide alginate. We present herein the design and chemoenzymatic synthesis of sugar nucleotide tools to probe a critical enzyme within alginate biosynthesis, GDP-mannose dehydrogenase (GMD). We first synthesise C6-modified glycosyl 1-phosphates, incorporating 6-amino, 6-chloro and 6-sulfhydryl groups, followed by their evaluation as substrates for enzymatic pyrophosphorylative coupling. The development of this methodology enables access to GDP 6-chloro-6-deoxy-ᴅ-mannose and its evaluation against GMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Department of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Alice J C Wahart
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.,Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jonathan P Dolan
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.,Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Laura Beswick
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.,Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Chris S Hawes
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.,Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
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14
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Zheng M, Zheng M, Epstein S, Harnagel AP, Kim H, Lupoli TJ. Chemical Biology Tools for Modulating and Visualizing Gram-Negative Bacterial Surface Polysaccharides. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1841-1865. [PMID: 34569792 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cells present a wide diversity of saccharides that decorate the cell surface and help mediate interactions with the environment. Many Gram-negative cells express O-antigens, which are long sugar polymers that makeup the distal portion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that constitutes the surface of the outer membrane. This review highlights chemical biology tools that have been developed in recent years to facilitate the modulation of O-antigen synthesis and composition, as well as related bacterial polysaccharide pathways, and the detection of unique glycan sequences. Advances in the biochemistry and structural biology of O-antigen biosynthetic machinery are also described, which provide guidance for the design of novel chemical and biomolecular probes. Many of the tools noted here have not yet been utilized in biological systems and offer researchers the opportunity to investigate the complex sugar architecture of Gram-negative cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, 10003 New York, United States
| | - Maggie Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, 10003 New York, United States
| | - Samuel Epstein
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, 10003 New York, United States
| | - Alexa P. Harnagel
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, 10003 New York, United States
| | - Hanee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, 10003 New York, United States
| | - Tania J. Lupoli
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, 10003 New York, United States
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15
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Gauttam R, Desiderato CK, Radoš D, Link H, Seibold GM, Eikmanns BJ. Metabolic Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for Production of UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:748510. [PMID: 34631687 PMCID: PMC8495162 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.748510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) is an acetylated amino sugar nucleotide that naturally serves as precursor in bacterial cell wall synthesis and is involved in prokaryotic and eukaryotic glycosylation reactions. UDP-GlcNAc finds application in various fields including the production of oligosaccharides and glycoproteins with therapeutic benefits. At present, nucleotide sugars are produced either chemically or in vitro by enzyme cascades. However, chemical synthesis is complex and non-economical, and in vitro synthesis requires costly substrates and often purified enzymes. A promising alternative is the microbial production of nucleotide sugars from cheap substrates. In this study, we aimed to engineer the non-pathogenic, Gram-positive soil bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum as a host for UDP-GlcNAc production. The native glmS, glmU, and glmM genes and glmM of Escherichia coli, encoding the enzymes for UDP-GlcNAc synthesis from fructose-6-phosphate, were over-expressed in different combinations and from different plasmids in C. glutamicum GRS43, which lacks the glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase gene (nagB) for glucosamine degradation. Over-expression of glmS, glmU and glmM, encoding glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase, the bifunctional glucosamine-1-phosphate acetyltransferase/N-acetyl glucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase and phosphoglucosamine mutase, respectively, was confirmed using activity assays or immunoblot analysis. While the reference strain C. glutamicum GlcNCg1 with an empty plasmid in the exponential growth phase contained intracellularly only about 0.25 mM UDP-GlcNAc, the best engineered strain GlcNCg4 accumulated about 14 mM UDP-GlcNAc. The extracellular UDP-GlcNAc concentrations in the exponential growth phase did not exceed 2 mg/L. In the stationary phase, about 60 mg UDP-GlcNAc/L was observed extracellularly with strain GlcNCg4, indicating the potential of C. glutamicum to produce and to release the activated sugar into the culture medium. To our knowledge, the observed UDP-GlcNAc levels are the highest obtained with microbial hosts, emphasizing the potential of C. glutamicum as a suitable platform for activated sugar production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gauttam
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Dušica Radoš
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Link
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerd M. Seibold
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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16
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Dimitriou E, Miller GJ. Chemical synthesis of C6-tetrazole ᴅ-mannose building blocks and access to a bioisostere of mannuronic acid 1-phosphate. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1527-1532. [PMID: 34290835 PMCID: PMC8275867 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate is a biocompatible and industrially relevant polysaccharide that derives many of its important properties from the charged carboxylate groups within its polyuronic acid backbone. The design and inclusion of isosteric replacements for these carboxylates would underpin provision of new oligo-/polysaccharide materials with alternate physicochemical properties. Presented herein is our synthesis of mannuronic acid building blocks, appropriately modified at the carboxylate C6 position with a bioisosteric tetrazole. Thioglycosides containing a protected C6-tetrazole are accessed from a C6-nitrile, through dipolar cycloaddition using NaN3 with n-Bu2SnO. We also demonstrate access to orthogonally C4-protected donors, suitable for iterative oligosaccharide synthesis. The development of these building blocks is showcased to access anomeric 3-aminopropyl- and 1-phosphate free sugars containing this non-native motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Dimitriou
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, U. K
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, U. K
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17
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Beswick L, Dimitriou E, Ahmadipour S, Zafar A, Rejzek M, Reynisson J, Field RA, Miller GJ. Inhibition of the GDP-d-Mannose Dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using Targeted Sugar Nucleotide Probes. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:3086-3092. [PMID: 33237714 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sufferers of cystic fibrosis are at extremely high risk for contracting chronic lung infections. Over their lifetime, one bacterial strain in particular, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, becomes the dominant pathogen. Bacterial strains incur loss-of-function mutations in the mucA gene that lead to a mucoid conversion, resulting in copious secretion of the exopolysaccharide alginate. Strategies that stop the production of alginate in mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are therefore of paramount importance. To aid in this, a series of sugar nucleotide tools to probe an enzyme critical to alginate biosynthesis, guanosine diphosphate mannose dehydrogenase (GMD), have been developed. GMD catalyzes the irreversible formation of the alginate building block, guanosine diphosphate mannuronic acid. Using a chemoenzymatic strategy, we accessed a series of modified sugar nucleotides, identifying a C6-amide derivative of guanosine diphosphate mannose as a micromolar inhibitor of GMD. This discovery provides a framework for wider inhibition strategies against GMD to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beswick
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Dimitriou
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Ayesha Zafar
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Martin Rejzek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- Hornbeam Building, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
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18
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Mikkola S. Nucleotide Sugars in Chemistry and Biology. Molecules 2020; 25:E5755. [PMID: 33291296 PMCID: PMC7729866 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide sugars have essential roles in every living creature. They are the building blocks of the biosynthesis of carbohydrates and their conjugates. They are involved in processes that are targets for drug development, and their analogs are potential inhibitors of these processes. Drug development requires efficient methods for the synthesis of oligosaccharides and nucleotide sugar building blocks as well as of modified structures as potential inhibitors. It requires also understanding the details of biological and chemical processes as well as the reactivity and reactions under different conditions. This article addresses all these issues by giving a broad overview on nucleotide sugars in biological and chemical reactions. As the background for the topic, glycosylation reactions in mammalian and bacterial cells are briefly discussed. In the following sections, structures and biosynthetic routes for nucleotide sugars, as well as the mechanisms of action of nucleotide sugar-utilizing enzymes, are discussed. Chemical topics include the reactivity and chemical synthesis methods. Finally, the enzymatic in vitro synthesis of nucleotide sugars and the utilization of enzyme cascades in the synthesis of nucleotide sugars and oligosaccharides are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Mikkola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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19
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Li S, Wang H, Jin G, Chen Z, Gu G. Exploring the broad nucleotide triphosphate and sugar-1-phosphate specificity of thymidylyltransferase Cps23FL from Streptococcus pneumonia serotype 23F. RSC Adv 2020; 10:30110-30114. [PMID: 35518267 PMCID: PMC9056299 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05799a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase (Cps23FL) from Streptococcus pneumonia serotype 23F is the initial enzyme that catalyses the thymidylyl transfer reaction in prokaryotic deoxythymidine diphosphate-l-rhamnose (dTDP-Rha) biosynthetic pathway. In this study, the broad substrate specificity of Cps23FL towards six glucose-1-phosphates and nine nucleoside triphosphates as substrates was systematically explored, eventually providing access to nineteen sugar nucleotide analogs. The broad substrate specificities of thymidylyltransferase Cps23FL towards nucleotide triphosphates and sugar-1-phosphates were systemically investigated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqiang Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao 266237 China .,School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University 76 Kaiyuan Road Zhumadian 463000 China
| | - Hong Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Guoxia Jin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University 88 Wenhua Dong Lu Jinan 250014 China
| | - Zonggang Chen
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Guofeng Gu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao 266237 China
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20
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Zhang X, Sheng W, Li K, Rong Y, Wu Q, Meng Q, Kong Y, Chen M. Substrate specificity of the galactokinase from the human gut symbiont Akkermansia muciniphila ATCC BAA-835. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 139:109568. [PMID: 32732027 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Galactokinases, which catalyze the phosphorylation of galactose and possible other monosaccharides, can provide an activated sugar donor to synthesize sugar-containing molecules. In this study, a novel galactokinase from human gut symbiont Akkermansia muciniphila ATCC BAA-835 (GalKAmu) was expressed and characterized. GalKAmu displayed broad substrate tolerance, with catalytic activity towards Gal (100 %), GalN (100 %), GalA (20.2 %), Glc (52.5 %), GlcNAc (15.5 %), Xyl (<5%), ManNAc (58 %), ManF (37.4 %) and l-Glc (80 %). Most interestingly, this was the first GalK isoform which can tolerate ManNAc. Thus, our characterization of GalKAmu broadens the substrate selection of galactokinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunlian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Weihao Sheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Kun Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Yongheng Rong
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Qizheng Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Qingyun Meng
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Yun Kong
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
| | - Min Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
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21
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Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of structurally complex heteropolysaccharides composed of alternating hexosamine and uronic acid or galatose residue that include hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate, heparin and heparan sulfate, and keratan sulfate. GAGs display a range of critical biological functions, including regulating cell-cell interactions and cell proliferation, inhibiting enzymes, and activating growth factor receptors during various metabolic processes. Indeed, heparin is a widely used GAG-based anticoagulant drug. Unfortunately, naturally derived GAGs are highly heterogeneous, limiting studies of their structure-activity relationships and even resulting in safety concerns. For example, the heparin contamination crisis in 2007 reportedly killed more than a hundred people in the United States. Unfortunately, the chemical synthesis of GAGs, or their oligosaccharides, based on repetitive steps of protection, activation, coupling, and deprotection, is incredibly challenging. Recent advances in chemoenzymatic synthesis integrate the flexibility of chemical derivatization with enzyme-catalyzed reactions, mimicking the biosynthetic pathway of GAGs, and represent a promising strategy to solve many of these synthetic challenges. In this critical Account, we examine the recent progress made, in our laboratory and by others, in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of GAGs, focusing on heparan sulfate and heparin, a class of GAGs with profound physiological and pharmacological importance. A major challenge for the penetration of the heparin market by homogeneous heparin products is their cost-effective large-scale synthesis. In the past decade, we and our collaborators have systematically explored the key factors that impact this process, including better enzyme expression, improved biocatalysts using protein engineering and immobilization, low cost production of enzyme cofactors, optimization of the order of enzymatic transformations, as well as development of efficient technologies, such as using ultraviolet absorbing or fluorous tags, to detect and purify synthetic intermediates. These improvements have successfully resulted in multigram-scale synthesis of low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs), with some showing excellent anticoagulant activity and even resulting in more effective protamine reversal than commercial, animal-sourced LMWH drugs. Sophisticated structural analysis is another challenge for marketing heparins, since impurities and contaminants can be present that are difficult to distinguish from heparin drug products. The availability of the diverse library of structurally defined heparin oligosaccharides has facilitated the systematic analytical studies undertaken by our group, resulting in important information for characterizing diverse heparin products, safeguarding their quality. Recently, a series of chemically modified nucleotide sugars have been investigated in our laboratory and have been accepted by synthases to obtain novel GAGs and GAG oligosaccharides. These include fluoride and azido regioselectively functionalized sugars and stable isotope-enriched GAGs and GAG oligosaccharides, critical for better understanding the biological roles of these important biopolymers. We speculate that the repertoire of unnatural acceptors and nucleotide sugar donors will soon be expanded to afford many new GAG analogues with new biological and pharmacological properties including improved specificity and metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Lin
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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22
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Beswick L, Ahmadipour S, Hofman GJ, Wootton H, Dimitriou E, Reynisson J, Field RA, Linclau B, Miller GJ. Exploring anomeric glycosylation of phosphoric acid: Optimisation and scope for non-native substrates. Carbohydr Res 2020; 488:107896. [PMID: 31887633 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beswick
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Gert-Jan Hofman
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Wootton
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Dimitriou
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- Hornbeam Building, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom.
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23
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Singh M, Watkinson M, Scanlan EM, Miller GJ. Illuminating glycoscience: synthetic strategies for FRET-enabled carbohydrate active enzyme probes. RSC Chem Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00134a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are synthesised, refined and degraded by carbohydrate active enzymes. FRET is emerging as a powerful tool to monitor and quantify their activity as well as to test inhibitors as new drug candidates and monitor disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Singh
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Keele University
- Staffordshire
- UK
| | - Michael Watkinson
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Keele University
- Staffordshire
- UK
| | - Eoin M. Scanlan
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Keele University
- Staffordshire
- UK
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24
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Beswick L, Ahmadipour S, Dolan JP, Rejzek M, Field RA, Miller GJ. Chemical and enzymatic synthesis of the alginate sugar nucleotide building block: GDP-d-mannuronic acid. Carbohydr Res 2019; 485:107819. [PMID: 31557683 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beswick
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jonathan P Dolan
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Martin Rejzek
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
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25
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Cuffaro D, Landi M, D'Andrea F, Guazzelli L. Preparation of 1,6-di-deoxy-d-galacto and 1,6-di-deoxy-l-altro nojirimycin derivatives by aminocyclization of a 1,5-dicarbonyl derivative. Carbohydr Res 2019; 482:107744. [PMID: 31306898 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Iminosugars are known glycosidase inhibitors which are the subject of drug development efforts against several diseases. The access to structurally-related families of iminosugars is of primary importance for running structure-activity relationship studies. In this work, the double reductive amination (aminocyclization) reaction of a dicarbonyl derivative of the l-arabino series, in turn obtained from lactose, is reported. Different ratios of 1,6-di-deoxy-d-galacto and 1,6-di-deoxy-l-altro nojirimycin derivatives were obtained depending on the amine employed in this transformation which provided an insight into the effects of their structure on the outcome of the reaction. Of particular interest were the results obtained when two enantiomeric amino acids (d-Phe-OMe and l-Phe-OMe) were used, which resulted in the inversion of the reaction stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doretta Cuffaro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6/33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Landi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6/33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Felicia D'Andrea
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6/33, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6/33, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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26
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6R/S-deutero-α-d-mannopyranoside 1-phosphate. MOLBANK 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/m1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
6R/S-deutero-α-d-mannopyranoside 1-phosphate was synthesised from a C6 aldehydic mannose thioglycoside donor in four steps. Using NaBD4 as the reductant, isotopic enrichment at C6 was achieved and the resultant C6-deuterated material was converted through to the glycosyl 1-phosphate using a protection/glycosylation/deprotection sequence. The product was fully characterised by 1H, 13C, 31P and 2D NMR, alongside MS analysis.
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27
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Ahmadipour S, Pergolizzi G, Rejzek M, Field RA, Miller GJ. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of C6-Modified Sugar Nucleotides To Probe the GDP-d-Mannose Dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Org Lett 2019; 21:4415-4419. [PMID: 31144821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The chemoenzymatic synthesis of a series of C6-modified GDP-d-Man sugar nucleotides is described. This provides the first structure-function tools for the GDP-d-ManA producing GDP-d-mannose dehydrogenase (GMD) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using a common C6 aldehyde functionalization strategy, chemical synthesis introduces deuterium enrichment, alongside one-carbon homologation at C6 for a series of mannose 1-phosphates. These materials are shown to be substrates for the GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase from Salmonella enterica, delivering the required toolbox of modified GDP-d-Mans. C6-CH3 modified sugar-nucleotides are capable of reversibly preventing GDP-ManA production by GMD. The ketone product from oxidation of a C6-CH3 modified analogue is identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences , Keele University , Keele , Staffordshire ST5 5BG , United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Pergolizzi
- Department of Biological Chemistry , John Innes Centre , Norwich Research Park , Norwich , NR4 7UH , United Kingdom
| | - Martin Rejzek
- Department of Biological Chemistry , John Innes Centre , Norwich Research Park , Norwich , NR4 7UH , United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry , John Innes Centre , Norwich Research Park , Norwich , NR4 7UH , United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences , Keele University , Keele , Staffordshire ST5 5BG , United Kingdom
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