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Čuljak N, Bellich B, Pedroni A, Butorac K, Pavunc AL, Novak J, Banić M, Šušković J, Cescutti P, Kos B. Limosilactobacillus fermentum strains MC1 and D12: Functional properties and exopolysaccharides characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133215. [PMID: 38897515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce a broad spectrum of exopolysaccharides (EPSs), commonly used as texturizers in food products. Due to their potential contribution to LAB probiotic properties, like adhesion to human epithelial cells and competitive exclusion of pathogens from human intestinal epithelial cells, this study was focussed on the structural and functional characterization of the EPSs produced by two Limosilactobacillus fermentum strains - MC1, originating from mother's milk, and D12, autochthonous from Croatian smoked fresh cheese. Whole-genome sequencing and functional annotation of both L. fermentum strains by RAST server revealed the genes involved in EPS production and transport, with some differences in functionally related genes. EPSs were extracted from the cell surface of both bacterial strains and purified by size-exclusion chromatography. Structural characterization of the EPSs, achieved by chemical analyses and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, showed that both strains produce an identical mixture of three different EPSs containing galactofuranose and glucopyranose residues. However, a comparison of the functional properties showed that the MC1 strain adhered better to the Caco-2 cell line and exhibited stronger antimicrobial effect against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium FP1 than the D12 strain, which may be attributed to the potential bacteriocin activity of the MC1 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Čuljak
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Bellich
- Department of Advanced Translational Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alice Pedroni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Katarina Butorac
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Leboš Pavunc
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Novak
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Banić
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jagoda Šušković
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Blaženka Kos
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Han J, Zhao X, Zhao X, Li P, Gu Q. Insight into the structure, biosynthesis, isolation method and biological function of teichoic acid in different gram-positive microorganisms: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126825. [PMID: 37696369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Teichoic acid (TA) is a weakly anionic polymer present in the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria. It can be classified into wall teichoic acid (WTA) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) based on its localization in the cell wall. The structure and biosynthetic pathway of TAs are strain-specific and have a significant role in maintaining cell wall stability. TAs have various beneficial functions, such as immunomodulatory, anticancer and antioxidant activities. However, the purity and yield of TAs are generally not high, and different isolation methods may even affect their structural integrity, which limits the research progress on the probiotic functions of TA. This paper reviews an overview of the structure and biosynthetic pathway of TAs in different strains, as well as the research progress of the isolation and purification methods of TAs. Furthermore, this review also highlights the current research status on the biological functions of TAs. Through a comprehensive understanding of this review, it is expected to pave the way for advancements in isolating and purifying high-quality TAs and, in turn, lay a foundation for contributing to the development of targeted probiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarun Han
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilian Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang F, Graham J, Zhai T, Liu Y, Huang Z. Discovery of MurA Inhibitors as Novel Antimicrobials through an Integrated Computational and Experimental Approach. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040528. [PMID: 35453279 PMCID: PMC9031695 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial cell wall is essential for protecting bacteria from the surrounding environment and maintaining the integrity of bacteria cells. The MurA enzyme, which is an essential enzyme involved in bacterial cell wall synthesis, could be a good drug target for antibiotics. Although fosfomycin is used clinically as a MurA inhibitor, resistance to this antibiotic is a concern. Here we used molecular docking-based virtual screening approaches to identify potential MurA inhibitors from 1.412 million compounds from three databases. Thirty-three top compounds from virtual screening were experimentally tested in Listeria innocua (Gram-positive bacterium) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacterium). Compound 2-Amino-5-bromobenzimidazole (S17) showed growth inhibition effect in both L. innocua and E. coli, with the same Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of 0.5 mg/mL. Compound 2-[4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene]-n-nitrohydrazinecarboximidamide (C1) had growth inhibition effect only in L. innocua, with a MIC value of 0.5 mg/mL. Two FDA-approved drugs, albendazole (S4) and diflunisal (S8), had a growth inhibition effect only in E. coli, with a MIC value of 0.0625 mg/mL. The identified MurA inhibitors could be potential novel antibiotics. Furthermore, they could be potential fosfomycin substitutes for the fosfomycin-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA; (F.Z.); (J.G.); (T.Z.)
| | - Joshua Graham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA; (F.Z.); (J.G.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tianhua Zhai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA; (F.Z.); (J.G.); (T.Z.)
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Z.H.); Tel.: +1-215-233-6587 (Y.L.); +1-610-519-4848 (Z.H.)
| | - Zuyi Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA; (F.Z.); (J.G.); (T.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Z.H.); Tel.: +1-215-233-6587 (Y.L.); +1-610-519-4848 (Z.H.)
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