1
|
Petrova VV, Domnin AV, Porozov YB, Kuliaev PO, Solovev YV. Implementation of machine learning protocols to predict the hydrolysis reaction properties of organophosphorus substrates using descriptors of electron density topology. J Comput Chem 2023. [PMID: 37772443 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Prediction of catalytic reaction efficiency is one of the most intriguing and challenging applications of machine learning (ML) algorithms in chemistry. In this study, we demonstrated a strategy for utilizing ML protocols applied to Quantum Theory of Atoms In Molecules (QTAIM) parameters to predict the ability of the A17 L47K catalytic antibody to covalently capture organophosphate pesticides. We found that the novel "composite" DFT functional B97-3c could be effectively employed for fast and accurate initial geometry optimization, aligning well with the input dataset creation. QTAIM descriptors proved to be well-established in describing the examined dataset using density-based and hierarchical clustering algorithms. The obtained clusters exhibited correlations with the chemical classes of the input compounds. The precise physical interpretation of the QTAIM properties simplifies the explanation of feature impact for both supervised and unsupervised ML protocols. It also enables acceleration in the search for entries with desired properties within large databases. Furthermore, our findings indicated that Ridge Regression with Laplacian kernel and CatBoost Regressor algorithms demonstrated suitable performance in handling small datasets with non-trivial dependencies. They were able to predict the actual reaction barrier values with a high level of accuracy. Additionally, the CatBoost Classifier proved reliable in discriminating between "active" and "inactive" compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vlada V Petrova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A, Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Quantum Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton V Domnin
- Quantum Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yuri B Porozov
- St. Petersburg School of Physics, Mathematics, and Computer Science, HSE University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- The Center of Bio- and Chemoinformatics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel O Kuliaev
- Independent Researcher from Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yaroslav V Solovev
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A, Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hrvat NM, Kovarik Z. Counteracting poisoning with chemical warfare nerve agents. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 71:266-284. [PMID: 33410774 PMCID: PMC7968514 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphylation of the pivotal enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by nerve agents (NAs) leads to irreversible inhibition of the enzyme and accumulation of neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which induces cholinergic crisis, that is, overstimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic membrane receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system. In severe cases, subsequent desensitisation of the receptors results in hypoxia, vasodepression, and respiratory arrest, followed by death. Prompt action is therefore critical to improve the chances of victim's survival and recovery. Standard therapy of NA poisoning generally involves administration of anticholinergic atropine and an oxime reactivator of phosphylated AChE. Anticholinesterase compounds or NA bioscavengers can also be applied to preserve native AChE from inhibition. With this review of 70 years of research we aim to present current and potential approaches to counteracting NA poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zrinka Kovarik
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lomakin Y, Kudriaeva A, Kostin N, Terekhov S, Kaminskaya A, Chernov A, Zakharova M, Ivanova M, Simaniv T, Telegin G, Gabibov A, Belogurov A. Diagnostics of autoimmune neurodegeneration using fluorescent probing. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12679. [PMID: 30139963 PMCID: PMC6107501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30938-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of antibody-mediated catalysis was a breakthrough that showed antibody function is not limited to specific binding interactions, and that immunoglobulins (Igs) may also chemically transform their target antigens. Recently, so-called “natural catalytic antibodies” have been intimately linked with several pathologies, where they either protect the organism or contribute to the development of autoimmune abnormalities. Previously, we showed that myelin-reactive autoantibodies from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) exhibit the ability to recognize and hydrolyse distinct epitopes within myelin basic protein (MBP). Further, the antibody-mediated cleavage of encephalitogenic MBP peptide 81–103, flanked by two fluorescent proteins, can serve as a novel biomarker for MS. Here, we report the next generation of this biomarker, based on the antibody-mediated degradation of a novel chemically synthesized FRET substrate, comprising the fluorophore Cy5 and the quencher QXL680, interconnected by the MBP peptide 81–99: Cy5-MBP81–99-QXL680. This substrate is degraded upon incubation with either purified antibodies from MS patients but not healthy donors or purified antibodies and splenocytes from EAE but not from non-immunized mice. Data presented herein suggest the elaboration of potential specific, rapid, and sensitive diagnostic criteria of active progressive MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yakov Lomakin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Anna Kudriaeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita Kostin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav Terekhov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena Kaminskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Chernov
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Maria Zakharova
- Neurorehabilitation Department of the Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Ivanova
- Neurorehabilitation Department of the Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Taras Simaniv
- Neurorehabilitation Department of the Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy Telegin
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexander Gabibov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexey Belogurov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Masson P, Nachon F. Cholinesterase reactivators and bioscavengers for pre- and post-exposure treatments of organophosphorus poisoning. J Neurochem 2017; 142 Suppl 2:26-40. [PMID: 28542985 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus agents (OPs) irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) causing a major cholinergic syndrome. The medical counter-measures of OP poisoning have not evolved for the last 30 years with carbamates for pretreatment, pyridinium oximes-based AChE reactivators, antimuscarinic drugs and neuroprotective benzodiazepines for post-exposure treatment. These drugs ensure protection of peripheral nervous system and mitigate acute effects of OP lethal doses. However, they have significant limitations. Pyridostigmine and oximes do not protect/reactivate central AChE. Oximes poorly reactivate AChE inhibited by phosphoramidates. In addition, current neuroprotectants do not protect the central nervous system shortly after the onset of seizures when brain damage becomes irreversible. New therapeutic approaches for pre- and post-exposure treatments involve detoxification of OP molecules before they reach their molecular targets by administrating catalytic bioscavengers, among them phosphotriesterases are the most promising. Novel generation of broad spectrum reactivators are designed for crossing the blood-brain barrier and reactivate central AChE. This is an article for the special issue XVth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Masson
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Florian Nachon
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, Cédex, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Efremenko EN, Lyagin IV, Klyachko NL, Bronich T, Zavyalova NV, Jiang Y, Kabanov AV. A simple and highly effective catalytic nanozyme scavenger for organophosphorus neurotoxins. J Control Release 2016; 247:175-181. [PMID: 28043864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A simple and highly efficient catalytic scavenger of poisonous organophosphorus compounds, based on organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH, EC 3.1.8.1), is produced in aqueous solution by electrostatic coupling of the hexahistidine tagged OPH (His6-OPH) and poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(l-glutamic acid) diblock copolymer. The resulting polyion complex, termed nano-OPH, has a spherical morphology and a diameter from 25nm to 100nm. Incorporation of His6-OPH in nano-OPH preserves catalytic activity and increases stability of the enzyme allowing its storage in aqueous solution for over a year. It also decreases the immune and inflammatory responses to His6-OPH in vivo as determined by anti-OPH IgG and cytokines formation in Sprague Dawley rats and Balb/c mice, respectively. The nano-OPH pharmacokinetic parameters are improved compared to the naked enzyme suggesting longer blood circulation after intravenous (iv) administrations in rats. Moreover, nano-OPH is bioavailable after intramuscular (im), intraperitoneal (ip) and even transbuccal (tb) administration, and has shown ability to protect animals from exposure to a pesticide, paraoxon and a warfare agent, VX. In particular, a complete protection against the lethal doses of paraoxon was observed with nano-OPH administered iv and ip as much as 17h, im 5.5h and tb 2h before the intoxication. Further evaluation of nano-OPH as a catalytic bioscavenger countermeasure against organophosphorus chemical warfare agents and pesticides is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Efremenko
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Lenin Hills, Building 3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Ilya V Lyagin
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Lenin Hills, Building 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia L Klyachko
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Lenin Hills, Building 3, Moscow 119991, Russia; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7362, United States
| | - Tatiana Bronich
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Lenin Hills, Building 3, Moscow 119991, Russia; Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, S 42nd St. & Emile St., Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Natalia V Zavyalova
- 27th Scientific Center of Ministry of Defense, 13 Brigadirsky Pereulok, Moscow 105005, Russia
| | - Yuhang Jiang
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7362, United States
| | - Alexander V Kabanov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Lenin Hills, Building 3, Moscow 119991, Russia; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7362, United States; Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, S 42nd St. & Emile St., Omaha, NE 68198, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Smirnov IV, Golovin AV, Chatziefthimiou SD, Stepanova AV, Peng Y, Zolotareva OI, Belogurov AA, Kurkova IN, Ponomarenko NA, Wilmanns M, Blackburn GM, Gabibov AG, Lerner RA. Robotic QM/MM-driven maturation of antibody combining sites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501695. [PMID: 27774510 PMCID: PMC5072179 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In vitro selection of antibodies from large repertoires of immunoglobulin (Ig) combining sites using combinatorial libraries is a powerful tool, with great potential for generating in vivo scavengers for toxins. However, addition of a maturation function is necessary to enable these selected antibodies to more closely mimic the full mammalian immune response. We approached this goal using quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations to achieve maturation in silico. We preselected A17, an Ig template, from a naïve library for its ability to disarm a toxic pesticide related to organophosphorus nerve agents. Virtual screening of 167,538 robotically generated mutants identified an optimum single point mutation, which experimentally boosted wild-type Ig scavenger performance by 170-fold. We validated the QM/MM predictions via kinetic analysis and crystal structures of mutant apo-A17 and covalently modified Ig, thereby identifying the displacement of one water molecule by an arginine as delivering this catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Smirnov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ulitsa Miklukho‐Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow V-437, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey V. Golovin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Spyros D. Chatziefthimiou
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, c/o German Synchrotron Research Center, Notkestrasse 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anastasiya V. Stepanova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ulitsa Miklukho‐Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow V-437, Russian Federation
| | - Yingjie Peng
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road MB-10, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Alexey A. Belogurov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ulitsa Miklukho‐Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow V-437, Russian Federation
| | - Inna N. Kurkova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ulitsa Miklukho‐Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow V-437, Russian Federation
| | - Natalie A. Ponomarenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ulitsa Miklukho‐Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow V-437, Russian Federation
| | - Matthias Wilmanns
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, c/o German Synchrotron Research Center, Notkestrasse 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Michael Blackburn
- Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Alexander G. Gabibov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ulitsa Miklukho‐Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow V-437, Russian Federation
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Richard A. Lerner
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road MB-10, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Masson P. Novel approaches in prophylaxis/pretreatment and treatment of organophosphorus poisoning. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2016.1211652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Masson
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Terekhov S, Smirnov I, Bobik T, Shamborant O, Zenkova M, Chernolovskaya E, Gladkikh D, Murashev A, Dyachenko I, Palikov V, Palikova Y, Knorre V, Belogurov A, Ponomarenko N, Blackburn GM, Masson P, Gabibov A. A novel expression cassette delivers efficient production of exclusively tetrameric human butyrylcholinesterase with improved pharmacokinetics for protection against organophosphate poisoning. Biochimie 2015; 118:51-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
9
|
Molecular mechanisms of growth and progression of malignant neoplasms. Mol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893315050179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
10
|
Deyev SM, Lebedenko EN, Petrovskaya LE, Dolgikh DA, Gabibov AG, Kirpichnikov MP. Man-made antibodies and immunoconjugates with desired properties: function optimization using structural engineering. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
11
|
Tomin A, Dumych T, Tolstyak Y, Kril I, Mahorivska I, Bila E, Stoika R, Herrmann M, Kit Y, Bilyy R. Desialylation of dying cells with catalytically active antibodies possessing sialidase activity facilitate their clearance by human macrophages. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 179:17-23. [PMID: 24580640 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently we reported the first known incidence of antibodies possessing catalytic sialidase activity (sialidase abzymes) in the serum of patients with multiple myeloma and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). These antibodies desialylate biomolecules, such as glycoproteins, gangliosides and red blood cells. Desialylation of dying cells was demonstrated to facilitate apoptotic cell clearance. In this study we assessed the possibility to facilitate dying cell clearance with the use of F(ab)2 fragments of sialidase abzymes. Two sources of sialidase abzymes were used: (i) those isolated from sera of patients with SLE after preliminary screening of a cohort of patients for sialidase activity; and (ii) by creating an induced sialidase abzyme through immunization of a rabbit with synthetic hapten consisting of a non-hydrolysable analogue of sialidase reaction conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH). Antibodies were purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, protein-G affinity chromatography and size exclusion-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-SEC). Effect of desialylation on efferocytosis was studied using human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN), both viable and aged, as prey, and human monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMa). Treatment of apoptotic and viable prey with both disease-associated (purified from blood serum of SLE patients) and immunization-induced (obtained by immunization of rabbits) sialidase abzymes, its F(ab)2 fragment and bacterial neuraminidase (as positive control) have significantly enhanced the clearance of prey by macrophages. We conclude that sialidase abzyme can serve as a protective agent in autoimmune patients and that artificial abzymes may be of potential therapeutic value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Tomin
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fanlo-Virgós H, Alba ANR, Hamieh S, Colomb-Delsuc M, Otto S. Transient substrate-induced catalyst formation in a dynamic molecular network. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11346-50. [PMID: 25169198 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In biology enzyme concentrations are continuously regulated, yet for synthetic catalytic systems such regulatory mechanisms are underdeveloped. We now report how a substrate of a chemical reaction induces the formation of its own catalyst from a dynamic molecular network. After complete conversion of the substrate, the network disassembles the catalyst. These results open up new opportunities for controlling catalysis in synthetic chemical systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Fanlo-Virgós
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands) http://www.otto-lab.com
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fanlo-Virgós H, Alba ANR, Hamieh S, Colomb-Delsuc M, Otto S. Transient Substrate-Induced Catalyst Formation in a Dynamic Molecular Network. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
14
|
Pohanka M. Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase meet immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:9809-25. [PMID: 24893223 PMCID: PMC4100123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15069809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are widely used for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. More recent use is for myasthenia gravis. Many of these inhibitors interact with the second known cholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Further, evidence shows that acetylcholine plays a role in suppression of cytokine release through a “cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway” which raises questions about the role of these inhibitors in the immune system. This review covers research and discussion of the role of the inhibitors in modulating the immune response using as examples the commonly available drugs, donepezil, galantamine, huperzine, neostigmine and pyridostigmine. Major attention is given to the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, a well-described link between the central nervous system and terminal effector cells in the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove CZ-50001, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Podestà A, Rossi S, Massarelli I, Carpi S, Adinolfi B, Fogli S, Bianucci AM, Nieri P. Selection of a human butyrylcholinesterase-like antibody single-chain variable fragment resistant to AChE inhibitors from a phage library expressed in E. coli. MAbs 2014; 6:1084-93. [PMID: 24675419 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.28635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphates are potent poisoning agents that cause severe cholinergic toxicity. Current treatment has been reported to be unsatisfactory and novel antidotes are needed. In this study, we used a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) library to select a recombinant antibody fragment (WZ1-14.2.1) with butyrylcholinesterase-like catalytic activity by using an innovative method integrating genetic selection and the bait-and-switch strategy. Ellman assay demonstrated that WZ1-14.2.1 has Michaelis-Menten kinetics in the hydrolysis of all the three substrates used, acetylthiocholine, propionylthiocholine and butyrylthiocholine. Notably, the catalytic activity was resistant to the following acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: neostigmine, iso-OMPA, chlorpyrifos oxon, dichlorvos, and paraoxon ethyl. Otherwise, the enzymatic activity of WZ1-14.2.1 was inhibited by the selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor, ethopropazine, and by the Ser-blocking agent phenylmethanesuphonyl fluoride. A hypothetical 3D structure of the WZ1-14.2.1 catalytic site, compatible with functional results, is proposed on the basis of a molecular modeling analysis.
Collapse
|