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Jia Y, Wang Z, Liang X, Tu C, Khalifa I, Wang C, Zhu Y, Chen H, Hu L, Li C. Unlocking the potential of persimmons: A comprehensive review on emerging technologies for post-harvest challenges, processing innovations, and prospective applications. Food Chem 2024; 459:140344. [PMID: 38991450 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Persimmons are widely acknowledged as a valuable source of both medicinal and nutritional components, providing a diverse spectrum of nutrients and phytochemicals. Despite these benefits, biases against persimmons persists due to their characteristic astringent flavor that sets them apart from other fruits. Although several studies have explored various aspects of persimmons, a comprehensive review that addresses post-harvest challenges, processing innovations, and potential applications is notably absent in the literature. This review aims to fill this gap by discussing a range of topics, including emerging preservation technologies, methods for detecting and eliminating astringency, identification of functional elements, health-promoting prospects, and advancements in processed persimmon products. The primary objective is to enhance the utilization of persimmons and promote the development of diverse, customized products, thereby fostering the emergence of functional and futuristic foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Jia
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xinhong Liang
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Cunjian Tu
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Ibrahim Khalifa
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, 13736, Egypt; Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chuang Wang
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yingheng Zhu
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Lanlan Hu
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Kurćubić VS, Stajić SB, Jakovljević V, Živković V, Stanišić N, Mašković PZ, Matejić V, Kurćubić LV. Contemporary Speculations and Insightful Thoughts on Buckwheat-A Functional Pseudocereal as a Smart Biologically Active Supplement. Foods 2024; 13:2491. [PMID: 39200418 PMCID: PMC11353853 DOI: 10.3390/foods13162491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Today, food scientists are interested in more rational use of crops that possess desirable nutritional properties, and buckwheat is one of the functional pseudocereals that represents a rich source of bioactive compounds (BACs) and nutrients, phytochemicals, antimicrobial (AM) agents and antioxidants (AOs), which can be effectively applied in the prevention of malnutrition and celiac disease and treatment of various important health problems. There is ample evidence of the high potential of buckwheat consumption in various forms (food, dietary supplements, home remedies or alone, or in synergy with pharmaceutical drugs) with concrete benefits for human health. Contamination as well as other side-effects of all the aforementioned forms for application in different ways in humans must be seriously considered. This review paper presents an overview of the most important recent research related to buckwheat bioactive compounds (BACs), highlighting their various functions and proven positive effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir S. Kurćubić
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Cara Dušana 34, 32102 Čačak, Serbia
| | - Slaviša B. Stajić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vladimir Jakovljević
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica St., 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (V.J.); (V.Ž.)
- Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Živković
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica St., 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (V.J.); (V.Ž.)
- Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikola Stanišić
- Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, Highway to Zagreb 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Pavle Z. Mašković
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Cara Dušana 34, 32000 Čačak, Serbia;
| | - Vesna Matejić
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Cara Dušana 34, 32000 Čačak, Serbia;
| | - Luka V. Kurćubić
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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Vieites-Álvarez Y, Reigosa MJ, Sánchez-Moreiras AM. A decade of advances in the study of buckwheat for organic farming and agroecology (2013-2023). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1354672. [PMID: 38510443 PMCID: PMC10950947 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1354672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
During the last decade, research has shown the environment and human health benefits of growing buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.). This comprehensive review aims to summarize the major advancements made in the study of buckwheat from 2013 to 2023, focusing on its agronomic characteristics, nutritional value, and potential applications in sustainable agriculture. The review examines the diverse applications of buckwheat in organic and agroecological farming systems, and discusses the ability of buckwheat to control weeds through allelopathy, competition, and other sustainable farming methods, such as crop rotation, intercropping and green manure, while improving soil health and biodiversity. The review also explores the nutritional value of buckwheat. It delves into the composition of buckwheat grains, emphasizing their high protein content, and the presence of essential amino acids and valuable micronutrients, which is linked to health benefits such as lowering cholesterol levels, controlling diabetes and acting against different types of cancer, among others. Finally, the review concludes by highlighting the gaps in current knowledge, and proposing future research directions to further optimize buckwheat production in organic or agroecological farming systems. It emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, and the integration of traditional knowledge with modern scientific approaches to unlock the full potential of buckwheat as a sustainable crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedra Vieites-Álvarez
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Vigo, Spain
- Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA), Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Manuel J. Reigosa
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Vigo, Spain
- Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA), Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Vigo, Spain
- Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA), Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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Hong C, Wang X, Xu J, Guo J, Peng H, Zhang Y. A Review: Pharmacological Effect of Natural Compounds in Diospyros kaki Leaves from the Perspective of Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2023; 29:215. [PMID: 38202798 PMCID: PMC10780463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant levels. Current research suggests that oxidative stress is one of the key factors in the development of many chronic diseases, and it has been a concern for many years. Many natural compounds have been studied for their special free-radical-scavenging properties. The major chemical constituents of the leaves of Diospyros kaki are flavonoids and triterpenoids, both of which are potential antioxidants that can prevent damage caused by reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species and ameliorate diseases associated with oxidative stress. In addition to the major constituents such as flavonoids and triterpenoids, the leaves of Diospyros kaki include compounds such as phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and terpenes. Studies have shown these compounds have certain antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. Experiments have shown that flavonoids or the extracts from the leaves of Diospyros kaki have a variety of good pharmacological activities, which could activate oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis, inhibit the proliferation of human prostate cancer cells and induce apoptosis. It also could achieve the effect of anti-cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis by regulating oxidative stress. The main chemical substance of the leaves of Diospyros kaki regulating oxidative stress may be these multi-hydroxyl structure compounds. These natural products exhibit significant antioxidant activity and are an important basis for the leaves of Diospyros kaki to treat human diseases by regulating oxidative stress. This review summarizes the structural types of natural products in the leaves of Diospyros kaki and elaborates the mechanism of the leaves of Diospyros kaki in neuroprotection, anti-diabetes, renal protection, retinal degenerative diseases, and anti-cancer from a new perspective of oxidative stress, including how it supplements other pharmacological effects. The chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of the leaves of Diospyros kaki are summarized in this paper. The relationship between the chemical components in the leaves of Diospyros kaki and their pharmacological effects is summarized from the perspective of oxidative stress. This review provides a reference for the study of natural anti-oxidative stress drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (C.H.); (J.X.); (J.G.); (H.P.)
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China;
| | - Jianjian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (C.H.); (J.X.); (J.G.); (H.P.)
- Lonch Group Wanrong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yuncheng 100176, China
| | - Jianxing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (C.H.); (J.X.); (J.G.); (H.P.)
| | - Houlin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (C.H.); (J.X.); (J.G.); (H.P.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (C.H.); (J.X.); (J.G.); (H.P.)
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Tian H, Ma Z, Yang H, Wang Y, Ren H, Zhao P, Fan W, Tian Y, Wang Y, Wang R. Fermentation of Persimmon Leaves Extract by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00859-z. [PMID: 37713067 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Persimmon leaves usually as agricultural and forestry waste were fermented by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Growth and metabolic performances of L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae, as well as the effect of fermentation on the antioxidant abilities of the extract was investigated, including the content of flavonoids, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical clearance rates. Growth of L. plantarum was limited, even though the acid production was sustainable, while S. cerevisiae was more suitable to inhabit in the persimmon leaves extract. A symbiotic relationship was observed between the two microbes, reflected in aspects of growth of S. cerevisiae, pH reduction, and ethanol production. The DPPH radical clearance rates of all groups decreased at the early period, and increased later. The co-culture group reached the second highest value of DPPH radical clearance rate only next to the single group of L. plantarum at 9 h. All groups showed an overall downward trend of the hydroxyl radical clearance rates during the 9 h-fermentation. These findings highlight the promising industrial application of fermentation of the plant-based materials with Lactiplantibacillus and Saccharomyces species to improve the biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tian
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Ma
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiwei Ren
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenguang Fan
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaqin Tian
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyun Wang
- Gansu Qimu Dairy Co., Ltd (Jiuquan Iron and Steel Group), Jiayuguan, 735100, Gansu, People's Republic of China
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Nainu F, Frediansyah A, Mamada SS, Permana AD, Salampe M, Chandran D, Emran TB, Simal-Gandara J. Natural products targeting inflammation-related metabolic disorders: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16919. [PMID: 37346355 PMCID: PMC10279840 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the incidence of metabolic disorders is increasing, setting a challenge to global health. With major advancement in the diagnostic tools and clinical procedures, much has been known in the etiology of metabolic disorders and their corresponding pathophysiologies. In addition, the use of in vitro and in vivo experimental models prior to clinical studies has promoted numerous biomedical breakthroughs, including in the discovery and development of drug candidates to treat metabolic disorders. Indeed, chemicals isolated from natural products have been extensively studied as prospective drug candidates to manage diabetes, obesity, heart-related diseases, and cancer, partly due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Continuous efforts have been made in parallel to improve their bioactivity and bioavailability using selected drug delivery approaches. Here, we provide insights on recent progress in the role of inflammatory-mediated responses on the initiation of metabolic disorders, with particular reference to diabetes mellitus, obesity, heart-related diseases, and cancer. In addition, we discussed the prospective role of natural products in the management of diabetes, obesity, heart-related diseases, and cancers and provide lists of potential biological targets for high throughput screening in drug discovery and development. Lastly, we discussed findings observed in the preclinical and clinical studies prior to identifying suitable approaches on the phytochemical drug delivery systems that are potential to be used in the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Andri Frediansyah
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing (PRTPP), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
| | - Sukamto S. Mamada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | | | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, India
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of Science, E32004 Ourense, Spain
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Wang R, Shi X, Li K, Bunker A, Li C. Activity and potential mechanisms of action of persimmon tannins according to their structures: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:125120. [PMID: 37263329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
One distinguishing feature of the persimmon, that differentiates it from other fruits, is its high proanthocyanidins content, known as persimmon tannin (PT). Despite the poor absorption of PT in the small intestine, results from animal studies demonstrate that PT has many health benefits. Our goal in this review is to summarize the literature that elucidates the relationship between PT structure and activity. In addition, we also summarize the potential mechanisms underlying the health benefits that result from PT consumption; this includes the hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiradiation, antibacterial and antiviral, detoxification effects on snake venom, and the absorption of heavy metals and dyes. Studies show that PT is a structurally distinct proanthocyanidins that exhibits a high degree of polymerization. It is galloylation-rich and possesses unique A-type interflavan linkages in addition to the more common B-type interflavan bonds. Thus, PT is converted into oligomeric proanthocyanidins by depolymerization strategies, including the nucleophilic substitution reaction, acid hydrolysis, and hydrogenolysis. In addition, multiple health benefits exerted by PT mainly involve the inactivation of lipogenic and intracellular inflammatory signaling pathways, activation of the fatty acid oxidation signaling pathway, regulation of gut microbiota, and highly absorptive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xin Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Kaikai Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Alex Bunker
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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Hossain A, Shahidi F. Persimmon Leaves: Nutritional, Pharmaceutical, and Industrial Potential-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:937. [PMID: 36840285 PMCID: PMC9965245 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Persimmon is a delicious fruit, and its leaves are considered a valuable ingredient in food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors. Traditionally, persimmon leaves (PL) are used as a functional tea in Asian culture to cure different ailments, and are also incorporated into various food and cosmeceutical products as a functional ingredient. PL mainly contain flavonoids, terpenoids, and polysaccharides, along with other constituents such as carotenoids, organic acids, chlorophylls, vitamin C, and minerals. The major phenolic compounds in PL are proanthocyanidins, quercetin, isoquercetin, catechin, flavonol glucosides, and kaempferol. Meanwhile, ursolic acid, rotungenic acid, barbinervic acid, and uvaol are the principal terpenoids. These compounds demonstrate a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-tyrosinase, antiallergic, and antiglaucoma properties. This review summarizes the latest information on PL, mainly distribution, traditional uses, industrial potential, and bioactive compounds, as well as their potential action mechanisms in exhibiting biological activities. In addition, the effect of seasonality and geographical locations on the content and function of these biomolecules are discussed.
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Fareed N, El-Kersh DM, Youssef FS, Labib RM. Unveiling major ethnopharmacological aspects of genus Diospyros in context to its chemical diversity: A comprehensive overview. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14413. [PMID: 36136087 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diospyros species (DS), "Ebenaceae," were known for their therapeutic uses in folk medicine since days of yore. Thereafter, scientific evidence related their health benefits to a myriad of chemical classes, for instance, naphthoquinones, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, norbergenin derivatives, sterols, secoiridoids, sesquiterpenes, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carotenoids. The available literature showed that more than 200 compounds were isolated and identified via spectroscopic techniques. Many pharmacological activities of DS have been previously described, such as antioxidant, neuroprotective, antibacterial, antiviral, antiprotozoal, antifungal, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and cosmeceutical, investigated, and confirmed through versatile in vitro and in vivo assays. Previous studies proved that genus Diospyros is a rich reservoir of valuable bioactive compounds. However, further comparative studies among its different species are recommended for more precise natural source-based drug discovery and clinical application. Accordingly, this review is to recall the chemical abundance and diversity among different members of genus Diospyros and their ethnopharmacological and pharmacological uses. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Practically, providing sufficient background on both secondary metabolites divergence and pharmacological properties of genus Diospyros has many fruitful aspects. As demonstrated below, extracts and many isolated compounds have significant curative properties, which can lead to the discovery of pharmaceutically relevant alternative substitutes to conventional medicine. Consequently, molecular docking on various receptors can be applied. On the grounds, Naoxinqing tablets, a standardized herbal product containing D. kaki leaves extract, have been patented and recorded in Chinese Pharmacopeia as an approved Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for the treatment of cerebro- and cardiovascular diseases, although the underlying mechanism remains under advisement. Moreover, the antimicrobial applications of DS are of considerable concern; since the widespread use of antibiotics resulted in different forms of bacterial resistance, hence, limiting and compromising effective treatment. In addition, as a result of contemporary rampant memory disorders, neuroprotective activities of different extracts of DS became of great emphasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Fareed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Dina M El-Kersh
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Fadia S Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Rola M Labib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
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Design, Synthesis, Characterization, Anti-Microbial, Anti-Oxidant, DNA, HSA, Cytotoxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Studies of Nitrogen-Substituted Chrysin Derivatives and Metal(II) Complexes. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-022-02372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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11
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Pandey P, Khan F, Qari HA, Oves M. Rutin (Bioflavonoid) as Cell Signaling Pathway Modulator: Prospects in Treatment and Chemoprevention. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1069. [PMID: 34832851 PMCID: PMC8621917 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex ailment orchestrated by numerous intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Recent research has displayed a deep interest in developing plant-based cancer therapeutics for better management of the disease and limited side effects. A wide range of plant-derived compounds have been reported for their anticancer potential in the quest of finding an effective therapeutic approach. Rutin (vitamin P) is a low-molecular weight flavonoid glycoside (polyphenolic compound), abundantly present in various vegetables, fruits (especially berries and citrus fruits), and medicinal herbs. Numerous studies have delineated several pharmacological properties of rutin such as its antiprotozoal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiviral, antiallergic, vasoactive, cytoprotective, antispasmodic, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive, and antiplatelet properties. Specifically, rutin-mediated anticancerous activities have been reported in several cancerous cell lines, but the most common scientific evidence, encompassing several molecular processes and interactions, including apoptosis pathway regulation, aberrant cell signaling pathways, and oncogenic genes, has not been thoroughly studied. In this direction, we attempted to project rutin-mediated oncogenic pathway regulation in various carcinomas. Additionally, we also incorporated advanced research that has uncovered the notable potential of rutin in the modulation of several key cellular functions via interaction with mRNAs, with major emphasis on elucidating direct miRNA targets of rutin as well as the process needed to transform these approaches for developing novel therapeutic interventions for the treatment of several cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida 201306, India;
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida 201306, India;
| | - Huda A. Qari
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Oves
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Subhawa S, Naiki-Ito A, Kato H, Naiki T, Komura M, Nagano-Matsuo A, Yeewa R, Inaguma S, Chewonarin T, Banjerdpongchai R, Takahashi S. Suppressive Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Extract against Prostate Carcinogenesis and Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143403. [PMID: 34298624 PMCID: PMC8306559 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study explored the chemopreventive effects of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (HCT) extracts against prostate carcinogenesis in both androgen-sensitive prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) using the Transgenic Rat for Adenocarcinoma of Prostate (TRAP) model, CRPC xenograft mice, and prostate cancer cell lines. HCT suppressed cell proliferation and stimulated apoptosis via inactivation of AKT/ERK/MAPK in both androgen-sensitive prostate cancer and CRPC cell lines. HCT also inhibited cell migration and EMT phenotypes through the STAT3/Snail/Twist pathway. One of the active compounds of HCT was identified as rutin. Consistent with in vitro study, the incidence of adenocarcinoma in the TRAP model and CRPC tumor growth in the xenograft model were suppressed by induction of apoptosis and inactivation of AKT/ERK/MAPK by HCT intake. Our data demonstrated that HCT attenuated androgen-sensitive prostate cancer and CRPC by mechanisms that may involve inhibition of cell growth and caspase-dependent apoptosis pathways. Abstract Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (HCT) is a well-known Asian medicinal plant with biological activities used in the treatment of many diseases including cancer. This study investigated the effects of HCT extract and its ethyl acetate fraction (EA) on prostate carcinogenesis and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). HCT and EA induced apoptosis in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) and CRPC cells (PCai1) through activation of caspases, down-regulation of androgen receptor, and inactivation of AKT/ERK/MAPK signaling. Rutin was found to be a major component in HCT (44.00 ± 5.61 mg/g) and EA (81.34 ± 5.21 mg/g) in a previous study. Rutin had similar effects to HCT/EA on LNCaP cells and was considered to be one of the active compounds. Moreover, HCT/EA inhibited cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotypes via STAT3/Snail/Twist pathways in LNCaP cells. The consumption of 1% HCT-mixed diet significantly decreased the incidence of adenocarcinoma in the lateral prostate lobe of the Transgenic rat for adenocarcinoma of prostate model. Similarly, tumor growth of PCai1 xenografts was significantly suppressed by 1% HCT treatment. HCT also induced caspase-dependent apoptosis via AKT inactivation in both in vivo models. Together, the results of in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that HCT has inhibitory effects against prostate carcinogenesis and CRPC. This plant therefore should receive more attention as a source for the future development of non-toxic chemopreventive agents against various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhawat Subhawa
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intravaroros Rd., Sripoom, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.-I.); (R.B.); Tel.: +81-52-853-8156 (A.N.-I.); +66-53-93-5325 (R.B.); Fax: +81-52-842-0817 (A.N.-I.); +66-53-894-031 (R.B.)
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Taku Naiki
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Masayuki Komura
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Aya Nagano-Matsuo
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Ranchana Yeewa
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intravaroros Rd., Sripoom, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Teera Chewonarin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intravaroros Rd., Sripoom, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Ratana Banjerdpongchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intravaroros Rd., Sripoom, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (A.N.-I.); (R.B.); Tel.: +81-52-853-8156 (A.N.-I.); +66-53-93-5325 (R.B.); Fax: +81-52-842-0817 (A.N.-I.); +66-53-894-031 (R.B.)
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.S.); (H.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.); (R.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
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Recent discovery of phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ inhibitors for the treatment of immune diseases and cancers. Future Med Chem 2020; 11:2151-2169. [PMID: 31538525 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, PI3Kγ, a vital kinase, which involved in numerous intracellular signaling pathways, has been considered as a promising drug target for the treatment of immune diseases and certain cancers. Before the 21st century, few selective PI3Kγ inhibitors were discovered because no non-conserved structure in the ATP binding sites of PI3Kγ had been found. Since the discovery of the non-ATP binding pocket, the reported structures of potent and selective PI3Kγ inhibitors have become more diverse, and one compound (IPI549) has entered Phase I clinical trial. This review centers on a general overview of PI3Kγ inhibitors in clinical and preclinical as well as further therapeutic applications in human diseases.
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Almeida AA, Lima GDA, Simão MVRC, Moreira GA, Siqueira RP, Zanatta AC, Vilegas W, Machado‐Neves M, Bressan GC, Leite JPV. Screening of plants from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest led to the identification of Athenaea velutina (Solanaceae) as a novel source of antimetastatic agents. Int J Exp Pathol 2020; 101:106-121. [PMID: 32452573 PMCID: PMC7370850 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant biodiversity is a source of potential natural products for the treatment of many diseases. One of the ways of discovering new drugs is through the cytotoxic screening of extract libraries. The present study evaluated 196 extracts prepared by maceration of Brazilian Atlantic Forest trees with organic solvents and distilled water for cytotoxic and antimetastatic activity. The MTT assay was used to screen the extract activity in MCF-7, HepG2 and B16F10 cancer cells. The highest cytotoxic extract had antimetastatic activity, as determined in in vitro assays and melanoma murine model. The organic extract of the leaves of Athenaea velutina (EAv) significantly inhibited migration, adhesion, invasion and cell colony formation in B16F10 cells. The phenolic compounds and flavonoids in EAv were identified for the first time, using flow injection with electrospray negative ionization-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry analysis (FIA-ESI-IT-MSn ). EAv markedly suppressed the development of pulmonary melanomas following the intravenous injection of melanoma cells to C57BL/6 mice. Stereological analysis of the spleen cross-sections showed enlargement of the red pulp area after EAv treatment, which indicated the activation of the haematopoietic system. The treatment of melanoma-bearing mice with EAv did not result in liver damage. In conclusion, these findings suggest that A velutina is a source of natural products with potent antimetastatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson A. Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia MolecularUniversidade Federal de ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Graziela D. A. Lima
- Departamento de Biologia GeralUniversidade Federal de ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | | | - Gabriela A. Moreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia MolecularUniversidade Federal de ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Raoni P. Siqueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia MolecularUniversidade Federal de ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | | | | | | | - Gustavo C. Bressan
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia MolecularUniversidade Federal de ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - João P. V. Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia MolecularUniversidade Federal de ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
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Oono K, Ohtake K, Watanabe C, Shiba S, Sekiya T, Kasono K. Contribution of Pyk2 pathway and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to the anti-cancer effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in PC3 prostate cancer cells. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:15. [PMID: 32005121 PMCID: PMC6993438 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are thought to exert protective effects in cardiovascular diseases. In addition, n-3 PUFAs have demonstrated anti-cancer effects in vitro and in vivo. Objective We investigated the anti-cancer effects and mechanism of action of EPA on PC3 prostate cancer cells in vitro. Methods PC3 cells were treated with various concentrations of EPA, and cell survival and the abilities of migration and invasion were evaluated. The time course of the growth inhibitory effect of EPA on PC3 cells was also assessed. The mechanism underlying the anti-cancer effects of EPA was investigated by human phosphokinase and human apoptosis antibody arrays, and confirmed by western blot analysis. We also examined the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to the effects of EPA using the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl cysteine. Results EPA decreased the survival of PC3 cells in a dose-dependent manner within 3 h of application, with an effective concentration of 500 μmol/L. EPA inhibited proline-rich tyrosine kinase (Pyk)2 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation as determined by western blotting and the antibody arrays. The growth of PC3 cells was inhibited by EPA, which was dependent on ROS induction, while EPA inhibited Pyk2 phosphorylation independent of ROS production. Conclusions Inhibition of Pyk2 phosphorylation and ROS production contribute to the anticancer effects of EPA on PC3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Oono
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ohtake
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Chie Watanabe
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Sachiko Shiba
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Takashi Sekiya
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Keizo Kasono
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan.
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Sundarraj K, Raghunath A, Panneerselvam L, Perumal E. Fisetin, a phytopolyphenol, targets apoptotic and necroptotic cell death in HepG2 cells. Biofactors 2020; 46:118-135. [PMID: 31634424 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fisetin (3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone), a bioactive dietary flavonoid, intrigued scientists for its anticancer potential against various cancer types. We investigated the fisetin-induced inhibition of growth and survival of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Fisetin decreased cell viability and proliferation of HepG2 cells as revealed from MTT and clonogenicity assays. Cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase was observed. Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining followed by flow cytometry revealed that fisetin induced both apoptosis and necroptosis in HepG2 cells. Apoptotic cells were significantly increased on fisetin treatment as observed in morphological evaluations and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and Acridine orange staining. Flow cytometry, fluorescence imaging, and 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate analyses showed an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation on fisetin treatment. Pretreatment with N-acetyl cysteine inhibited ROS production and also rescued mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2 cells. The underlying mechanisms of apoptosis and necroptosis were determined by analysis of their respective signaling molecules using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Fisetin showed a marked increase in the expression of TNFα and IKκB with a decrease in NF-κB, pNF-κB and pIKκB expression. Fisetin reduced the expression of Bcl2, and elevated levels of Bax, caspase-3, and PARP and thus induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. zVAD suppressed the fisetin-induced expression of caspase-8, RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL as opposed to fisetin treatment. Nec-1 + fisetin could not completely block necroptosis, which warrants further investigation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the fisetin exhibited anti-proliferative effects on HepG2 cells through apoptosis and necroptosis via multiple signaling pathways. Fiestin has potential as a therapeutic agent against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruthika Sundarraj
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Azhwar Raghunath
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Lakshmikanthan Panneerselvam
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
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17
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Wang S, Xu X, Hu Y, Lei T, Liu T. Sotetsuflavone Induces Autophagy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Through Blocking PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Vivo and in Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1460. [PMID: 31920653 PMCID: PMC6915081 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a globally scaled disease with a high incidence and high associated mortality rate. Autophagy is one of the important physiological activities that helps to control cell survival, influences the dynamics of cell death, and which plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of NSCLC. Sotetsuflavone is a naturally derived and occurring flavonoid, and previous studies have demonstrated that sotetsuflavone possesses potential anti-cancer activities. However, whether or not sotetsuflavone induces autophagy, as well as has effects and influences cell death in NSCLC cells remains unclear. Thus, in our study, we examined and elucidated the roles and underlying mechanisms of sotetsuflavone upon the dynamics of autophagy in NSCLC in vivo and in vitro. The results indicated that sotetsuflavone was able to inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, sotetsuflavone was able to induce apoptosis by increasing the levels of expression of cytochrome C, cleaved-caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 9, and Bax, and contrastingly decreased levels of expression of Bcl-2. In addition, we also found that decreased levels of expression of cyclin D1 and CDK4 caused arrest of the G0/G1 phases of the cell cycle. Furthermore, we also found that sotetsuflavone could induce autophagy which in turn can play a cytoprotective effect on apoptosis in NSCLC. Sotetsuflavone-induced autophagy appeared related to the blocking of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Our in vivo study demonstrated that sotetsuflavone significantly inhibited the growth of xenograft model inoculated A549 tumor with high a degree of safety. Taken together, these findings suggest that sotetsuflavone induces autophagy in NSCLC cells through its effects upon blocking of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Our study may provide a theoretical basis for future clinical applications of sotetsuflavone and its use as a chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Minority of Education, Beijing, China.,Medical College, Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao, China.,School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanlan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Minority of Education, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tongxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Minority of Education, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
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Noh S, Choi E, Hwang CH, Jung JH, Kim SH, Kim B. Dietary Compounds for Targeting Prostate Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102401. [PMID: 31597327 PMCID: PMC6835786 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and the burden of the disease is increased. Although several chemotherapies have been used, concerns about the side effects have been raised, and development of alternative therapy is inevitable. The purpose of this study is to prove the efficacy of dietary substances as a source of anti-tumor drugs by identifying their carcinostatic activities in specific pathological mechanisms. According to numerous studies, dietary substances were effective through following five mechanisms; apoptosis, anti-angiogenesis, anti-metastasis, microRNA (miRNA) regulation, and anti-multi-drug-resistance (MDR). About seventy dietary substances showed the anti-prostate cancer activities. Most of the substances induced the apoptosis, especially acting on the mechanism of caspase and poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. These findings support that dietary compounds have potential to be used as anticancer agents as both food supplements and direct clinical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Noh
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Eunseok Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Cho-Hyun Hwang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
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Ramírez-Briones E, Rodríguez Macías R, Casarrubias Castillo K, Del Río RE, Martínez-Gallardo N, Tiessen A, Ordaz-Ortiz J, Cervantes-Hernández F, Délano-Frier JP, Zañudo-Hernández J. Fruits of wild and semi-domesticated Diospyros tree species have contrasting phenological, metabolic, and antioxidant activity profiles. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:6020-6031. [PMID: 31226216 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to commercial Diospyros species, Mesoamerican fruit-producing species are scarcely known, particularly wild species that might harbor desirable traits suitable for breeding. Thus, metabolomic, chemical, and antioxidant profiles of fruits harvested from cultivated Diospyros digyna and wild Diospyros rekoi trees during consecutive winter seasons were obtained. Fruits were harvested in habitats having marked differences in soil quality, climate, and luminosity. RESULTS D. digyna fruits were larger and less acid than D. rekoi fruits, whereas antioxidant activity tended to be higher in D. rekoi fruits. Phenolic, flavonoid, and sugar contents also varied significantly between species. Metabolomic analysis allowed the pre-identification of 519 and 1665 metabolites in negative and positive electrospray ionization (ESI) modes, respectively. Principal component analysis of the positive ESI data explained 51.8% of the variance and indicated clear metabolomic differences between D. rekoi and D. digyna fruits that were confirmed by direct-injection ESI mass spectrometry profiles. Twenty-one discriminating metabolites were detected in fruits of both species; D. digyna fruits differentially accumulated lysophospholipids, whereas discriminating metabolites in D. rekoi fruits were chemically more diverse than those in D. digyna fruits. CONCLUSION Domesticated D. digyna fruits have improved physicochemical fruit traits compared with wild D. rekoi fruits, including larger size and lower acidity. The metabolomic and chemical composition of their respective fruits were also significantly different, which in D. rekoi was manifested as a notable season-dependent increase in antioxidant capacity. Therefore, wild D. rekoi can be considered as an important genetic resource for the improvement of commercial Diospyros fruit quality. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Ramírez-Briones
- Department of Ecology and Department of Botany and Zoology, Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Zapopan, México
| | - Ramón Rodríguez Macías
- Department of Ecology and Department of Botany and Zoology, Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Zapopan, México
| | - Kena Casarrubias Castillo
- Department of Ecology and Department of Botany and Zoology, Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Zapopan, México
| | - Rosa E Del Río
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Natural Products Laboratory, Morelia, México
| | - Norma Martínez-Gallardo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Axel Tiessen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - José Ordaz-Ortiz
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Guanajuato, México
| | - Felipe Cervantes-Hernández
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Guanajuato, México
| | - John Paul Délano-Frier
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Julia Zañudo-Hernández
- Department of Ecology and Department of Botany and Zoology, Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Zapopan, México
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20
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Zhou W, Liang X, Dai P, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Lu L, Jin C, Lin X. Alteration of Phenolic Composition in Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) by Reducing Nitrogen Supply Enhances its Anti-Proliferative Effects on Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4205. [PMID: 31466217 PMCID: PMC6747510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of vegetables rich in phenolic compounds has become a useful method to reduce the risk of developing several types of cancer. This study investigated the potential relationship between the alteration of phenolic compounds in lettuce induced by reduced nitrogen supply and its anti-proliferative effects on Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells. Our results showed that phenolic extracts from lettuce grown under low nitrogen conditions (LP) exhibited better anti-proliferative effects against Caco-2 cells, in part, by interfering with the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis, compared with those from lettuce supplied with adequate nitrogen. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and correlation analysis indicated that the better anticancer activity of LP may be not only related to the increased phenolic content, but also associated with the increased percentage contribution of quercetin to total phenolics. Taken together, alteration of phenolic composition by reduced nitrogen supply can be an effectively strategy for the development of healthy vegetables as anticancer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peibin Dai
- Department of Applied Engineering, Zhejiang Economic and Trade Polytechnic, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuxue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lingli Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chongwei Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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21
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Yi J, Li S, Wang C, Cao N, Qu H, Cheng C, Wang Z, Wang L, Zhou L. Potential applications of polyphenols on main ncRNAs regulations as novel therapeutic strategy for cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 113:108703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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22
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Stoll S, Bitencourt S, Laufer S, Inês Goettert M. Myricetin inhibits panel of kinases implicated in tumorigenesis. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 125:3-7. [PMID: 30624861 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Myricetin is a flavonoid with several biological properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory features. Its protective effect in chronic diseases may occur through the inhibition of protein kinases that trigger inflammation and carcinogenesis pathways. Considering the influence of kinases on such pathological disorders, it is crucial to study compounds that inhibit these proteins. This study aims to evaluate the inhibitory potential of 14 flavonoids on TNF-α release in human whole blood as well as the inhibitory potential of myricetin towards kinases involved in tumorigenesis. Our results showed that, out of all flavonoids, myricetin had the highest inhibitory effect on TNF-α level. In addition, myricetin showed potential as a multi-anti-kinase compound, reducing the activity of 7 kinases by >70% and of 9 kinases by >90%. Together these data demonstrate the great inhibitory activity of myricetin on tumorigenic kinases and potential for the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani Stoll
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Taquari Valley (Univates), Lajeado, Brazil
| | - Shanna Bitencourt
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Taquari Valley (Univates), Lajeado, Brazil
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Márcia Inês Goettert
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Taquari Valley (Univates), Lajeado, Brazil
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23
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Su EY, Chu YL, Chueh FS, Ma YS, Peng SF, Huang WW, Liao CL, Huang AC, Chung JG. Bufalin Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells through Mitochondrial ROS and TRAIL Pathways. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:237-257. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bufalin on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma NPC-TW 076 cells in vitro. Bufalin is a cardiotonic steroid and a key active ingredient of the Chinese medicine ChanSu. The extracts of Chansu are used for various cancer treatments in China. In the present study, bufalin induced cell morphological changes, decreased total cell viability and induced G2/M phase arrest of cell cycle in NPC-TW 076 cells. Results also indicated that bufalin induced chromatin condensation (cell apoptosis) and DNA damage by DAPI staining and comet assay, respectively. The induced apoptotic cell death was further confirmed by annexin-V/PI staining assay. In addition, bufalin also increased ROS and Ca[Formula: see text] production and decreased the levels of [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, the alterations of ROS, ER stress and apoptosis associated protein expressions were investigated by Western blotting. Results demonstrated that bufalin increased the expressions of ROS associated proteins, including SOD (Cu/Zn), SOD2 (Mn) and GST but decreased that of catalase. Bufalin increased ER stress associated proteins (GRP78, IRE-1[Formula: see text], IRE-1[Formula: see text], caspase-4, ATF-6[Formula: see text], Calpain 1, and GADD153). Bufalin increased the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, and apoptotic associated proteins (cytochrome c, caspase-3, -8 and -9, AIF and Endo G) but reduced anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in NPC-TW 076 cells. Furthermore, bufalin elevated the expressions of TRAIL-pathway associated proteins (TRAIL, DR4, DR5, and FADD). Based on these findings, we suggest bufalin induced apoptotic cell death via caspase-dependent, mitochondria-dependent and TRAIL pathways in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma NPC-TW 076 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Yun Su
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Lin Chu
- Department of Food Science, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Lung Liao
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary’s Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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24
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Zhang HW, Hu JJ, Fu RQ, Liu X, Zhang YH, Li J, Liu L, Li YN, Deng Q, Luo QS, Ouyang Q, Gao N. Flavonoids inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis and autophagy through downregulation of PI3Kγ mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K/ULK signaling pathway in human breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11255. [PMID: 30050147 PMCID: PMC6062549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer activities of flavonoids derived from Tephroseris kirilowii (Turcz.) Holub. were evaluated in human cancer cells. We isolated and identified, for the first time, eight flavonoids from T. kirilowii and found that three of them (IH: isorhamnetin, GN: genkwanin, and Aca: acacetin) inhibited cell proliferation in a variety of human cancer cell lines. These active flavonoids caused cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis and autophagy in human breast cancer cells. Molecular docking revealed that these flavonoids dock in the ATP binding pocket of PI3Kγ. Importantly, treatment with these flavonoids decreased the levels of PI3Kγ-p110, phospho-PI3K, phospho-AKT, phospho-mTOR, phospho-p70S6K, and phospho-ULK. Pretreatment with PI3Kγ specific inhibitor AS605240 potentiated flavonoids-mediated inactivation of AKT, mTOR, p70S6K, ULK, and apoptosis. Taken together, these findings represent a novel mechanism by which downregulation of PI3Kγ-p110 and consequent interruption of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K/ULK signaling pathway might play a critical functional role in these flavonoids-induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, apoptosis, and autophagy. Our studies provide novel insights into the anticancer activities of selected flavonoids and their potential uses in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, 3rd Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jin-Jiao Hu
- College of Pharmacy, 3rd Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ruo-Qiu Fu
- College of Pharmacy, 3rd Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, 3rd Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yan-Hao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, 3rd Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Pharmacy, 3rd Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, 3rd Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu-Nong Li
- College of Pharmacy, 3rd Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qin Deng
- College of Pharmacy, 3rd Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qing-Song Luo
- College of Pharmacy, 3rd Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy, 3rd Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ning Gao
- College of Pharmacy, 3rd Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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25
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Antitumor and immunomodulatory activities of total flavonoids extract from persimmon leaves in H 22 liver tumor-bearing mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10523. [PMID: 30002398 PMCID: PMC6043534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) leaves are commonly used in Asia as tea infusion and as an agent in traditional medicine. The present study aims to explore the antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of total flavonoids extract from persimmon leaves (PLF) in H22 liver tumor-bearing mice. We found that the PLF showed significant inhibition on the liver tumor growth in mice with a tumor inhibition rate of up to 49.35%. In contrast to the severe side effects of cyclophosphamide (CTX), the PLF exhibited anti-cachexia effect and showed no alternation in the body weight and food intake in mice. Moreover, compared with the vehicle control and CTX group, the PLF significantly enhanced the thymus and spleen indices, level of serum interleukin-18 (IL-18), monocyte/macrophage phagocytosis, level of serum hemolysin, and activity of natural killer (NK) cells. This study demonstrated that the PLF could effectively inhibit liver tumor growth in vivo via enhancement of the immune function in mice, and it displayed the potential to be a safe and effective anticancer agent or functional immune-enhancing agent.
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26
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Miyata Y, Matsuo T, Sagara Y, Ohba K, Ohyama K, Sakai H. A Mini-Review of Reactive Oxygen Species in Urological Cancer: Correlation with NADPH Oxidases, Angiogenesis, and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102214. [PMID: 29065504 PMCID: PMC5666894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress refers to elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and NADPH oxidases (NOXs), which are one of the most important sources of ROS. Oxidative stress plays important roles in the etiologies, pathological mechanisms, and treatment strategies of vascular diseases. Additionally, oxidative stress affects mechanisms of carcinogenesis, tumor growth, and prognosis in malignancies. Nearly all solid tumors show stimulation of neo-vascularity, termed angiogenesis, which is closely associated with malignant aggressiveness. Thus, cancers can be seen as a type of vascular disease. Oxidative stress-induced functions are regulated by complex endogenous mechanisms and exogenous factors, such as medication and diet. Although understanding these regulatory mechanisms is important for improving the prognosis of urothelial cancer, it is not sufficient, because there are controversial and conflicting opinions. Therefore, we believe that this knowledge is essential to discuss observations and treatment strategies in urothelial cancer. In this review, we describe the relationships between members of the NOX family and tumorigenesis, tumor growth, and pathological mechanisms in urological cancers including prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and urothelial cancer. In addition, we introduce natural compounds and chemical agents that are associated with ROS-induced angiogenesis or apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Matsuo
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuji Sagara
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kojiro Ohba
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kaname Ohyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
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