1
|
de Souza WM, Weaver SC. Effects of climate change and human activities on vector-borne diseases. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:476-491. [PMID: 38486116 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases are transmitted by haematophagous arthropods (for example, mosquitoes, ticks and sandflies) to humans and wild and domestic animals, with the largest burden on global public health disproportionately affecting people in tropical and subtropical areas. Because vectors are ectothermic, climate and weather alterations (for example, temperature, rainfall and humidity) can affect their reproduction, survival, geographic distribution and, consequently, ability to transmit pathogens. However, the effects of climate change on vector-borne diseases can be multifaceted and complex, sometimes with ambiguous consequences. In this Review, we discuss the potential effects of climate change, weather and other anthropogenic factors, including land use, human mobility and behaviour, as possible contributors to the redistribution of vectors and spread of vector-borne diseases worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William M de Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Scott C Weaver
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Noh BE, Kim GH, Lee HS, Kim H, Lee HI. The Diel Activity Pattern of Haemaphysalis longicornis and Its Relationship with Climatic Factors. INSECTS 2024; 15:568. [PMID: 39194773 DOI: 10.3390/insects15080568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Haemaphysalis longicornis is one of the most medically important carriers of various pathogens. Although H. longicornis is an important vector, only basic ecological and biological information has been obtained, primarily focusing on its abundance and distribution. This study determined the most active time and meteorological conditions for the diel activity of H. longicornis. The diel activity pattern of H. longicornis was the highest between 10:00 and 14:00, and the lowest between 22:00 and 02:00. The major activity temperature of H. longicornis was between 25 °C and 40 °C, with the highest activity at 35 °C. The relative humidity was between 30% and 70% during the active period. Temperature had the highest correlation with diel activity (R = 0.679), followed by humidity (R = -0.649) and light intensity (R = 0.572). Our results provide basic information for the development of tick-borne disease vector control programs and tick surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Eon Noh
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Hun Kim
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Seon Lee
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Il Lee
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Benoit JB, Ajayi OM, Webster A, Grieshop K, Lewis D, Talbott H, Bose J, Polak M. Shifted levels of sleep and activity under darkness as mechanisms underlying ectoparasite resistance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.30.564749. [PMID: 37961082 PMCID: PMC10634994 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.30.564749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Parasites harm host fitness and are pervasive agents of natural selection to evolve host defense strategies Host defensive traits in natural populations typically show genetic variation, which may be maintained when parasite resistance imposes fitness costs on the host in the absence of parasites. Previously we demonstrated significant evolutionary responses to artificial selection for increasing behavioral immunity to Gamasodes queenslandicus mites in replicate lines of Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we report transcriptional shifts in metabolic processes between selected and control fly lines based on RNA-seq analyses. We also show decreased starvation resistance and increased use of nutrient reserves in flies from mite-resistant lines. Additionally, mite-resistant lines exhibited increased behavioral activity, such as, reduced sleep and elevated oxygen consumption under conditions of darkness. The link between resistance and sleep was confirmed in an independent panel of D. melanogaster genetic lines exhibiting variable sleep durations, showing a positive correlation between mite resistance and reduced sleep. Experimentally restraining the activity of artificially selected mite-resistant flies during exposure to parasites under dark conditions reduced their resistance advantage relative to control flies. The results suggest that ectoparasite resistance in this system involves increased dark-condition activity and metabolic gene expression at the expense of nutrient reserves and starvation resistance.
Collapse
|
4
|
Dyab AK, Mohamed SAA, Abdel-Aziz FM, Gareh A, Osman F, Elgohary FA, Hassan EA, Alsowayeh N, Alzaylaee H, Ahmed AARS, Bravo-Barriga D, Elmahallawy EK. Microscopic and molecular detection of piroplasms among sheep in Upper Egypt. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1373842. [PMID: 38860006 PMCID: PMC11163088 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1373842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Blood parasites pose a significant threat to livestock production in southern Egypt, yet there is a scarcity of information regarding their circulation and epidemiology in sheep in this region. This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of blood parasite infections in sheep in Assiut governorate, Upper Egypt. Methods A total of 400 blood samples were collected from sheep of varying ages and genders. The preliminary screening for the presence of piroplasms, mainly Babesia and Theileria spp., via microscopic examination, followed by investigation of the potential risk factors linked with the exposure to infection. Moreover, molecular identification of both parasites on some of positive samples was performed using PCR targeting Babesia 18S rRNA and Theileria annulata Tams1 gene. Results The microscopic examination revealed that among the examined sheep, there was an overall prevalence of blood parasites at 44% (176 out of 400), with Babesia spp. observed in 14% (56 out of 400) and Theileria spp. in 30% (120 out of 400). Furthermore, the infection rate was non-significantly higher in young animals (50%) compared to adults (38.5%) (P = 0.246). Male sheep exhibited a significantly higher vulnerability to both parasites' infection (63.3%) compared to females (35.7%) (P = 0.011). Interestingly, the prevalence of both blood parasites was significantly higher during the cold season (66.1%) compared to the hot season (15.9%) (P = < 0.001). The molecular analysis identified the presence of Babesia ovis and Theileria annulata among a subsample of the positive sheep's bloods films. The identified species were recorded in the GenBank™ databases and assigned specific accession numbers (OQ360720 and OQ360719 for B. ovis), and (OP991838 for T. annulata). Conclusions Taken together, this study confirms a high prevalence of piroplasmosis and offers epidemiological and molecular insights into blood parasites in sheep from Upper Egypt, highlighting the importance of detecting these parasites in various hosts and their competent vectors (ticks).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal Dyab
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Assiut, New Nasser City, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sara Abdel-Aal Mohamed
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Gareh
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Fathy Osman
- New Valley Lab, Department of Parasitology, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), New Valley province, Egypt
| | - Fatma A. Elgohary
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ehssan Ahmed Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Alkharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, El-Sheikh Zayed, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Noorah Alsowayeh
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Alzaylaee
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abd Al-Rahman S. Ahmed
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of African Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Daniel Bravo-Barriga
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharma Y, Laison EK, Philippsen T, Ma J, Kong J, Ghaemi S, Liu J, Hu F, Nasri B. Models and data used to predict the abundance and distribution of Ixodes scapularis (blacklegged tick) in North America: a scoping review. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2024; 32:100706. [PMID: 38495312 PMCID: PMC10943480 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases (TBD) remain prevalent worldwide, and risk assessment of tick habitat suitability is crucial to prevent or reduce their burden. This scoping review provides a comprehensive survey of models and data used to predict I. scapularis distribution and abundance in North America. We identified 4661 relevant primary research articles published in English between January 1st, 2012, and July 18th, 2022, and selected 41 articles following full-text review. Models used data-driven and mechanistic modelling frameworks informed by diverse tick, hydroclimatic, and ecological variables. Predictions captured tick abundance (n = 14, 34.1%), distribution (n = 22, 53.6%) and both (n = 5, 12.1%). All studies used tick data, and many incorporated both hydroclimatic and ecological variables. Minimal host- and human-specific data were utilized. Biases related to data collection, protocols, and tick data quality affect completeness and representativeness of prediction models. Further research and collaboration are needed to improve prediction accuracy and develop effective strategies to reduce TBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Sharma
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Elda K.E. Laison
- Département de Médecine Préventive et Sociale, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Tanya Philippsen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Junling Ma
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Jude Kong
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sajjad Ghaemi
- Digital Technologies Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Juxin Liu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - François Hu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Bouchra Nasri
- Département de Médecine Préventive et Sociale, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ferguson LV, El Nabbout A, Adamo SA. Warming, but not infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, increases off-host winter activity in the ectoparasite, Ixodes scapularis. J Therm Biol 2024; 121:103853. [PMID: 38626664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Warming winters will change patterns of behaviour in temperate and polar arthropods, but we know little about the drivers of winter activity in animals such as ticks. Any changes in behaviour are likely to arise from a combination of both abiotic (e.g. temperature) and biotic (e.g. infection) drivers, and will have important consequences for survival and species interactions. Blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis, have invaded Atlantic Canada and high proportions (30-50%) are infected with the bacteria causing Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi. Infection is correlated with increased overwintering survival of adult females, and ticks are increasingly active in the winter, but it is unclear if infection is associated with activity. Further, we know little about how temperature drives the frequency of winter activity. Here, we exposed wild-caught, adult, female Ixodes scapularis ticks to three different winter temperature regimes (constant low temperatures, increased warming, and increased warming + variability) to determine the thermal and infection conditions that promote or suppress activity. We used automated behaviour monitors to track daily activity in individual ticks and repeated the study with fresh ticks over three years. Following exposure to winter conditions we determined whether ticks were infected with the bacteria B. burgdorferi and if infection was responsible for any patterns in winter activity. Warming conditions promoted increased activity throughout the overwintering period but infection with B. burgdorferi had no impact on the frequency or overall number of ticks active throughout the winter. Individual ticks varied in their levels of activity throughout the winter, such that some were largely dormant for several weeks, while others were active almost daily; however, we do not yet know the drivers behind this individual variation in behaviour. Overall, warming winters will heighten the risk of tick-host encounters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Ferguson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4J1, Canada.
| | - Amal El Nabbout
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4J1, Canada
| | - Shelley A Adamo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4J1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Crandall KE, Millien V, Kerr JT. High-resolution environmental and host-related factors impacting questing Ixodes scapularis at their northern range edge. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10855. [PMID: 38384829 PMCID: PMC10879908 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The geographic range of tick populations has expanded in Canada due to climate warming and the associated poleward range shifts of their vertebrate hosts. Abiotic factors, such as temperature, precipitation, and snow, are known to directly affect tick abundance. Yet, biotic factors, such as the abundance and diversity of mammal hosts, may also alter tick abundance and consequent tick-borne disease risk. Here, we incorporated host surveillance data with high-resolution environmental data to evaluate the combined impact of abiotic and biotic factors on questing Ixodes scapularis abundance in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. High-resolution abiotic factors were derived from remote sensing satellites and meteorological towers, while biotic factors related to mammal hosts were derived from active surveillance data that we collected in the field. Generalized additive models were used to determine the relative importance of abiotic and biotic factors on questing I. scapularis abundance. Combinations of abiotic and biotic factors were identified as important drivers of abundances of questing I. scapularis. Positive and negative linear relationships were found for questing I. scapularis abundance with monthly mean precipitation and accumulated snow, but no effect was found for the relative abundance of white-footed mice. Positive relationships were also identified between questing I. scapularis abundance with monthly mean precipitation and mammal species richness. Therefore, future studies that assess I. scapularis should incorporate host surveillance data with high-resolution environmental factors to determine the key drivers impacting the abundance and geographic spread of tick populations and tick-borne pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E. Crandall
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
- Redpath MuseumMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Virginie Millien
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
- Redpath MuseumMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Jeremy T. Kerr
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Benoit JB, Finch G, Ankrum AL, Niemantsverdriet J, Paul B, Kelley M, Gantz JD, Matter SF, Lee RE, Denlinger DL. Reduced male fertility of an Antarctic mite following extreme heat stress could prompt localized population declines. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:541-549. [PMID: 37392307 PMCID: PMC10468472 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is leading to substantial global thermal changes, which are particularly pronounced in polar regions. Therefore, it is important to examine the impact of heat stress on the reproduction of polar terrestrial arthropods, specifically, how brief extreme events may alter survival. We observed that sublethal heat stress reduces male fecundity in an Antarctic mite, yielding females that produced fewer viable eggs. Females and males collected from microhabitats with high temperatures showed a similar reduction in fertility. This impact is temporary, as indicated by recovery of male fecundity following return to cooler, stable conditions. The diminished fecundity is likely due to a drastic reduction in the expression of male-associated factors that occur in tandem with a substantial increase in the expression of heat shock proteins. Cross-mating between mites from different sites confirmed that heat-exposed populations have impaired male fertility. However, the negative impacts are transient as the effect on fertility declines with recovery time under less stressful conditions. Modeling indicated that heat stress is likely to reduce population growth and that short bouts of non-lethal heat stress could have substantial reproductive effects on local populations of Antarctic arthropods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Geoffrey Finch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Andrea L Ankrum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Bidisha Paul
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Melissa Kelley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J D Gantz
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Department of Biology and Health Science, Hendrix College, Conway, AR, USA
| | - Stephen F Matter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Richard E Lee
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - David L Denlinger
- Departments of Entomology and Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Marquis B, Ardissone S, Greub G. Temperature Affects the Host Range of Rhabdochlamydia porcellionis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0030923. [PMID: 37042763 PMCID: PMC10231146 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00309-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rhabdochlamydiaceae family is a recent addition to the Chlamydiae phylum. Its members were discovered in cockroaches and woodlice, but recent metagenomics surveys demonstrated the widespread distribution of this family in the environment. It was, moreover, estimated to be the largest family of the Chlamydiae phylum based on the diversity of its 16S rRNA encoding gene. Unlike most Chlamydia-like organisms, no Rhabdochlamydiaceae member could be cultivated in amoebae, and its host range remains unknown. We tested the permissivity of various mammalian and arthropod cell lines to determine the host range of Rhabdochlamydia porcellionis, the only cultured representative of this family. While growth could initially be obtained only in the Sf9 cell line, lowering the incubation temperature of the mammalian cells from 37°C to 28°C allowed the growth of R. porcellionis. Furthermore, a 6-h exposure to 37°C was sufficient to irreversibly block the replication of R. porcellionis, suggesting that this bacterium either lost or never acquired the ability to grow at 37°C. We next sought to determine if temperature would also affect the infectivity of elementary bodies. Although we could not purify enough bacteria to reach a conclusive result for R. porcellionis, our experiment showed that the elementary bodies of Chlamydia trachomatis and Waddlia chondrophila lose their infectivity faster at 37°C than at room temperature. Our results demonstrate that members of the Chlamydiae phylum adapt to the temperature of their host organism and that this adaptation can in turn restrict their host range. IMPORTANCE The Rhabdochlamydiaceae family is part of the Chlamydiae, a phylum of bacteria that includes obligate intracellular bacteria sharing the same biphasic developmental cycle. This family has been shown to be highly prevalent in the environment, particularly in freshwater and soil, and despite being estimated to be the largest family in the Chlamydiae phylum is only poorly studied. Members of the Rhabdochlamydiaceae have been detected in various arthropods like ticks, spiders, cockroaches, and woodlice, but the full host range of this family is currently unknown. In this study, we showed that R. porcellionis, the only cultured representative of the Rhabdochlamydiaceae family, cannot grow at 37°C and is quickly inactivated at this temperature. A similar temperature sensitivity was also observed for elementary bodies of chlamydial species adapted to mammals. Our work demonstrates that chlamydiae adapt to the temperature of their reservoir, making a jump between species with different body temperatures unlikely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Marquis
- Institute of Microbiology of the University Hospital Center and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Ardissone
- Institute of Microbiology of the University Hospital Center and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gilbert Greub
- Institute of Microbiology of the University Hospital Center and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nemaungwe TM, van Dalen EMSP, Waniwa EO, Makaya PV, Chikowore G, Chidawanyika F. Biogeography of the theileriosis vector, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus under current and future climate scenarios of Zimbabwe. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023:10.1007/s10493-023-00796-1. [PMID: 37171505 PMCID: PMC10293362 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate directly influences the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases at various spatial and temporal scales. Following the recent increased incidences of theileriosis in Zimbabwe, a disease mainly transmitted by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, we determined lethal temperatures for the species and current and possible future distribution using the machine learning algorithm 'Maxent'. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus larvae had an upper lethal temperature (ULT50) of about 44 ± 0.5 °C and this was marginally higher for nymphs and adults at 46 ± 0.5 °C. Environmental temperatures recorded in selected zonal tick microhabitats were below the determined lethal limits, indicating the ability of the tick to survive these regions. The resultant model under current climatic conditions showed areas with high suitability indices to the eastern, northeastern and southeastern parts of the country, mainly in Masvingo, Manicaland and Mashonaland Central provinces. Future predictions as determined by 2050 climatic conditions indicate a reduction in suitable habitats with the tick receding to presently cooler high elevation areas such as the eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe and a few isolated pockets in the interior of the country. Lowveld areas show low suitability under current climatic conditions and are expected to remain unsuitable in future. Overall, the study shows that R. appendiculatus distribution is constrained by climatic factors and helps identify areas of where occurrence of the species and the disease it transmits is highly likely. This will assist in optimizing disease surveillance and vector management strategies targeted at the species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tinotenda M Nemaungwe
- Division of Veterinary Technical Services, Ministry of Lands, Fisheries, Water and Rural Development, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Ellie M S P van Dalen
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Emily O Waniwa
- Division of Veterinary Technical Services, Ministry of Lands, Fisheries, Water and Rural Development, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Pious V Makaya
- Division of Veterinary Technical Services, Ministry of Lands, Fisheries, Water and Rural Development, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Gerald Chikowore
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
- Centre for Biological Control, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Frank Chidawanyika
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Teets NM, Hayward SAL. Editorial on combatting the cold: Comparative physiology of low temperature and related stressors in arthropods. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 260:111037. [PMID: 34274530 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Teets
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
| | - Scott A L Hayward
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Davies B, Rosendale AJ, Gantz JD, Lee RE, Denlinger DL, Benoit JB. Cross-tolerance and transcriptional shifts underlying abiotic stress in the seabird tick, Ixodes uriae. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
13
|
Benoit JB, Oyen K, Finch G, Gantz JD, Wendeln K, Arya T, Lee RE. Cold hardening improves larval tick questing under low temperatures at the expense of longevity. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 257:110966. [PMID: 33895321 PMCID: PMC9936387 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Questing in ticks is essential for locating a host, and this behavioral response can occur at regionally specific low temperatures for most tick species. Little is known about the dynamics between tick questing behavior and temperature in ticks, specifically how this may impact other aspects of tick biology. Here, we examine whether cold hardening increases questing in three larval tick species (Ixodes uriae, Dermacentor variabilis, and Amblyomma americanum) at low temperatures and whether cold hardening impacts longevity. Rapid cold hardening and prolonged cold acclimation benefitted ticks by decreasing the temperature of chill coma onset, and increased survival, activity, and questing in ticks at low temperatures. Oxygen consumption increased at low temperatures following acclimation in larvae, suggesting this process has a distinct metabolic expense. This increased metabolism associated with hardening led to a substantial reduction in larval longevity as nutrient reserves are limited and cannot be replenished until a host is located. These studies suggest that tick larvae, and likely other developmental stages, require a delicate balance between the need for questing at low temperatures and survival until the first blood meal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B. Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221,Author for correspondence: Joshua B. Benoit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, , Phone: 513-556-9714
| | - Kennan Oyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Geoffrey Finch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - J. D. Gantz
- Department of Biology and Health Science, Hendrix College, Conway, AR
| | - Katherine Wendeln
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Thomas Arya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Richard E. Lee
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| |
Collapse
|