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Adetutu A, Adegbola PI, Aborisade AB. Low Dose of Nickel and Benzo [a] Anthracene in Rat-Diet, Induce Apoptosis, Fibrosis, and Initiate Carcinogenesis in Liver via NF-Ƙβ Pathway. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04177-6. [PMID: 38656682 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and heavy metals are major contaminants of food such as fish thus serving as source of exposure to human. This study was designed to evaluate the carcinogenic risk and other risks associated with long-term consumption of environmentally relevant dose of nickel and benzo [a] anthracene in rats. Thirty-six (36) male rats weighing between 80 and 100 g were assigned into 6 groups of 6 animals each; normal, nickel-, and benzo [a] anthracene-exposed groups for 12 and 24 weeks, respectively. Micronucleus and comet analyses were done in the blood, liver, and bone marrow. Liver function, redox, and inflammatory markers (AST, ALT, GGT, SOD, GSH, MDA, protein carbonyl, protein thiol, total protein, IL-10, 1L-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β NF-Ƙβ, and 8-oxodeoxyguansine) were analysed by standard methods. Immuno-histochemical quantification of Bax, Bcl2, and Erk 1/2 as well as mRNA expression of cyclin D1 was done in liver. From the results, weight gain was observed in varying degrees throughout the exposure period. The polychromatic erythrocytes/normochromatic erythrocytes ratio > 0.2 indicates no cytotoxic effects on the bone marrow. Percentage-MnPCE in blood significantly (p < 0.05) increased throughout exposure duration. Percentage tail DNA in blood was significantly (< 0.05) increased at weeks 20 and 24 in the exposed groups and in liver at weeks 12 (16.22 ± 0.47) and 24 (17.00 ± 0.36) of nickel-exposed rats. The aspartate amino transferase (AST):alanine amino transferase (ALT) ratio indicated fatty liver disease in the benzo [a] anthracene (0.90) and acute liver injury in the nickel (> 10 times greater than the upper limits of the reference group) exposed groups during the first 12 weeks. Observation from the histological and cytological data of the liver revealed the presence of inflammation, fibrosis, and high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, respectively, in the nickel and benzo [a] anthracene groups. Only benzo [a] anthracene induced liver oxidative stress with significant (p < 0.05) decrease in SOD (0.64 ± 0.02) activity and increase in protein carbonyl (7.60 ± 0.80 × 10-5) and MDA (57.10 ± 6.64) concentration after 24 weeks. Benzo [a] anthracene up-regulated the cyclin D1 expression and significantly (p < 0.05) increased the levels of the cytokines. Nickel and benzo [a] anthracene significantly (p < 0.05) increased the Bax (183.45 ± 6.50 and 199.76 ± 10.04) and Erk 1/2 (108.25 ± 6.41 and 136.74 ± 4.22) levels when compared with the control (37.43 ± 22.22 and 60.37 ± 17.86), respectively. Overall result showed that the toxic effects of nickel and benzo [a] anthracene might involve fibrosis, cirrhosis, apoptosis, and inflammation of the liver. As clearly demonstrated in this study, benzo [a] anthracene after the 24 weeks of exposure stimulates carcinogenic process by suppressing the liver antioxidant capacity, altering apoptotic, cell proliferation, and differentiation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Adetutu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Peter Ifeoluwa Adegbola
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, First Technical University, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Abiodun Bukunmi Aborisade
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- Nigeria Institute of Oceanography and Marine Research, Lagos, Nigeria
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Fernandes IF, Fujiwara GH, Moraes Utsunomiya HS, Souza IC, Monteiro DA, Monferrán MV, Wunderlin DA, Fernandes MN, Carvalho CDS. Oxidative stress and neurotoxicity induced by exposure to settleable atmospheric particulate matter in bullfrog tadpoles, Aquarana catesbeiana, (Shaw, 1802). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141576. [PMID: 38462180 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Bullfrog tadpoles, Aquarana catesbeiana, were exposed to settleable particulate matter (SePM), (1 g L-1, 96 h) and their organs were collected for analysis of metal/metalloid, oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in liver, muscle, kidney and brain. The SePM water of the exposed groups contained 18 of the 28 metals/metalloids detected in ambient particulate matter (APM). Fe56 and Al were those that presented the highest concentrations, Cr, Mn, Pb and Cu increased from 10 to 20 times and Ti, V, Sr, Rb, Cd, Sn and Ni increased from 1 to 3 times compared to the control. Bioaccumulation of metals/metalloids in the exposure water varied significantly between organs, with the muscle and liver showing the highest concentrations of metals, followed by the brain. Lipoperoxidation and malondialdehyde increased only in muscle, while carbonyl proteins increased only in the liver and brain. Regarding nitric oxide synthase, there was an increase in the liver and brain in the group exposed to SePM. Catalase activity decreased in the liver and muscle, while the activity of glutathione peroxidase, increased in the liver and kidney and decreased in muscle. Glutathione S-transferase, which is mainly responsible for detoxification, increased in the liver and decreased in muscle and the kidney. Cholinesterase activity increased only in the muscle. The results indicate oxidative stress, due to oxidation catalyzed by metals, components of SePM. Thus, the results contribute to the understanding that SePM has a deleterious effect on the aquatic environment, negatively affecting bullfrog tadpoles, in different ways and levels in relation to the analyzed organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Ferreira Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme Dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, Sorocaba, SP CEP 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme Dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, Sorocaba, SP CEP 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Heidi Samantha Moraes Utsunomiya
- Departamento de Biologia (DBio), Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas (CCHB), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 18052-780, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iara Costa Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Grupo de Mutagênese Ambiental, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (DBV/UFES), Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Diana Amaral Monteiro
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Magdalena Victoria Monferrán
- Departamento Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, and CONICET, CIBICI, Ciudad Universitaria, Medina Allende esq. Haya de la Torre s/n, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel Alberto Wunderlin
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleoni Dos Santos Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme Dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, Sorocaba, SP CEP 18052-780, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia (DBio), Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas (CCHB), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 18052-780, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Li X, Li Y, Chernick M, Hinton DE, Zheng N, Du C, Dong W, Wang S, Hou S. Single and mixture toxicity of cadmium and copper to swim bladder in early life stages of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:27. [PMID: 38225481 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01817-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Toxicity observed in aquatic ecosystems often cannot be explained by the action of a single pollutant. Likewise, evaluation standards formulated by a single effect cannot truly reflect the environmental quality requirements. The study of mixtures is needed to provide environmental relevance and knowledge of combined toxicity. In this study, the embryos of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were treated with individual and binary mixture of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) until 12 days post-fertilization (dpf). Hatching, mortality, development, histology and gene expression were assessed. Our results showed that the highest concentration mixture of Cd (10 mg/L) and Cu (1 mg/L) affected survival, hatching time and hatching success. Occurrence of uninflated swim bladder was the highest (value) with exposure to 10 mg/L Cd. Swim bladder was commonly over-inflated in a mixture (0.1 mg/L Cd + 1.0 mg/L Cu) exposure. Individuals exposed to the mixture (0.1 Cd + 1.0 Cu mg/L) showed up to a 7.69% increase in swim bladder area compared to the control group. The mixtures containing 0.1 or 10 mg/L Cd, each with 1.0 mg/L Cu resulted in significantly increased of Pbx1b expression, higher than any Cd or Cu alone (p < 0.01). In the co-exposure group (0.1/10 Cd + 1.0 Cu mg/L), Pbx1b expression was found at 12 dpf but not 7 dpf in controls. Higher concentrations of Cd may progressively reduce Pbx1b expression, potentially explaining why 75% of individuals in the 10 mg/L Cd group failed to inflate their swim bladders. Additionally, the swim bladder proved to be a valuable bio-indicator for biological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yunyang Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, Jilin, China
| | - Melissa Chernick
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0328, USA
| | - David E Hinton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0328, USA
| | - Na Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Chenyang Du
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Wu Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Hohhot, 028000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Sujing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Shengnan Hou
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, Jilin, China
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Yedier S, Yalçınkaya SK, Bostancı D. Exposure to polypropylene microplastics via diet and water induces oxidative stress in Cyprinus carpio. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 259:106540. [PMID: 37062245 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of accumulation of microplastics in humans and wildlife has become a serious concern on a global scale, especially in the last decade. Although there are many studies on microplastics, their biological effects and toxicity on freshwater fish have not been fully revealed. In order to evaluate the potential toxic effects of PP (polypropylene) microplastics in freshwater fish, we performed 1-day, 2-day, 3-day, 4-day, 5-day, 6-day, and 7-day microplastic exposure to different concentrations of the microplastics through water and diet on Cyprinus carpio. Fish samples were divided into 3 groups; Group-A with different PP microplastic concentrations in their water (ALow:1.0 g/L and AHigh:2.5 g/L), Group-B with different PP microplastic concentrations in their diet (BLow:100 mg/g and BHigh:250 mg/g), and Group-C (Control group) free of PP microplastics in their diet and water. The results showed that although microplastics did not cause death in C. carpio, they caused oxidative stress in comparing the MP exposed groups to the control groups. When indices of oxidative stress of fish individuals in all treatment groups were compared with the control group, it was determined that MDA (malondialdehyde) and GSH (glutathione) levels increased, while TPC (total protein content) and CAT (catalase) levels decreased depending on the concentrations and exposure times. Significant differences were observed between the control and treatment groups in the indices of oxidative stress (P<0.05). This study provided basic toxicological data to elucidate and quantify the effects of PP microplastics on freshwater fish. In addition, this study is the first study to indicate that microplastic exposure of carp via diet and water causes oxidative stress in gill tissues and causes changes in CAT, MDA, GSH, and TPC levels. The findings also provide useful reference data for improving knowledge of the effects of microplastics on organisms in freshwater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Yedier
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu 52200 Türkiye
| | | | - Derya Bostancı
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu 52200 Türkiye
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Petitjean Q, Laffaille P, Perrault A, Cousseau M, Jean S, Jacquin L. Adaptive plastic responses to metal contamination in a multistress context: a field experiment in fish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:55678-55698. [PMID: 36894734 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26189-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wild populations often differ in their tolerance to environmental stressors, but intraspecific variability is rarely taken into account in ecotoxicology. In addition, plastic responses to multiple stressors have rarely been investigated in realistic field conditions. In this study, we compared the responses to metal contamination of gudgeon populations (Gobio occitaniae) differing in their past chronic exposure to metal contamination, using a reciprocal transplant experiment and an immune challenge mimicking a parasite attack to test for potential effects of multiple stressors across biological levels. We measured fish survival and traits involved in metal bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, immunity, cell apoptosis, and energy management to decipher underpinning physiological mechanisms across biological levels (i.e., gene expression, cell, organism). Fish from the two replicate High Contamination sites had higher survival when transferred into contaminated sites, suggesting a local adaptation to the contaminated site, possibly explained by higher levels of detoxification and antioxidant capacity but with potential higher apoptosis costs compared to their naïve counterparts. We found no evidence of co- or maladaptation to the immune stressor, suggesting no specific costs to face pathogens. In the emerging field of evolutionary ecotoxicology, this study underlines the need to consider intraspecific variability to better understand the effects of pollution in heterogeneous populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Petitjean
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, UMR5245 LEFE, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, INP-ENSAT, Auzeville-Tolosane, France.
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174 EDB, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse, France.
- Long-Term Socio-Ecological Research Platform LTSER France, Zone Atelier PYGAR « Pyrénées-Garonne », Auzeville-Tolosane, France.
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR1355 INRAE, UMR7254 CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sophia-Antipolis, France.
| | - Pascal Laffaille
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, UMR5245 LEFE, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, INP-ENSAT, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Annie Perrault
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, UMR5245 LEFE, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, INP-ENSAT, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Myriam Cousseau
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, UMR5245 LEFE, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, INP-ENSAT, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Séverine Jean
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, UMR5245 LEFE, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, INP-ENSAT, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
- Long-Term Socio-Ecological Research Platform LTSER France, Zone Atelier PYGAR « Pyrénées-Garonne », Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Lisa Jacquin
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174 EDB, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse, France
- Long-Term Socio-Ecological Research Platform LTSER France, Zone Atelier PYGAR « Pyrénées-Garonne », Auzeville-Tolosane, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Shahjahan M, Taslima K, Rahman MS, Al-Emran M, Alam SI, Faggio C. Effects of heavy metals on fish physiology - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134519. [PMID: 35398071 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pollution by heavy metals poses a serious threat to the aquatic environment and to the organisms if the concentration of heavy metals in the environment exceeds the safe limits. Due to their non-biodegradable and long persistence nature in the environment, heavy metals cause toxicity in fish by producing oxygen reactive species through oxidizing radical production. In this review, we investigated the effects of heavy metals on fish physiology with special emphasis on hemato-biochemical properties, immunological parameters especially hormones and enzymes, histopathology of different major organs and underlying molecular mechanisms. All those parameters are significantly affected by heavy metal exposure and are found to be important bio-monitoring tools to assess heavy metal toxicity. Hematological and biochemical alterations have been documented including cellular and nuclear abnormalities in different fish species exposed to different concentrations of heavy metals. Major fish organs (gills, liver, kidneys) including intestine, muscles showed different types of pathology specific to organs in acute and chronic exposure to different heavy metals. This study also revealed the expression of different genes involved in oxidative stress and detoxification of heavy metals. In a nutshell, this article shades light on the manipulation of fish physiology by the heavy metals and sought attention in the prevention and maintenance of aquatic environments particularly from heavy metals contaminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahjahan
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Khanam Taslima
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shadiqur Rahman
- Bangamata Sheikh Fojilatunnesa Mujib Science and Technology University, Melandah, Jamalpur, Bangladesh
| | - Md Al-Emran
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Shanon Iffat Alam
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166, S.Agata-Messina, Italy
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Di Paola D, Natale S, Iaria C, Crupi R, Cuzzocrea S, Spanò N, Gugliandolo E, Peritore AF. Environmental Co-Exposure to Potassium Perchlorate and Cd Caused Toxicity and Thyroid Endocrine Disruption in Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae ( Danio rerio). TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040198. [PMID: 35448459 PMCID: PMC9030446 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The increasing pollution of aquatic habitats with anthropogenic compounds has led to various test strategies to detect hazardous chemicals. However, information on the effects of pollutants on the thyroid system in fish, which is essential for growth, development, and parts of reproduction, is still scarce. Modified early life-stage tests were carried out with zebrafish exposed to the known thyroid inhibitor potassium perchlorate (0.1, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 5 mM) to identify adverse effects on embryo development. The endogenous antioxidant defense mechanism is one of the key functions of the thyroid gland; in this regard, we examined the co-exposure to potassium perchlorate (KClO4), which could disrupt thyroid function, with cadmium (Cd), a known pro-oxidant compound. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to control KClO4 1 mM and Cd 0.5 μM for 96 h after fertilization (hpf) individually and in combination. The morphological alteration, body length, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression related to thyroid function and oxidative stress, thyroid hormone levels, and malondialdehyde were measured. Significant down-regulation of mRNAs related to thyroid function (thyroid hormone receptor-alpha (THRα), thyroid hormone receptor-beta (THRβ), haematopoietically expressed homeobox (hhex)) and decreased thyroxin (T4) levels were observed after co-exposure to KClO4 and Cd, but this was not observed in the individually treated groups. These results suggest that co-exposure to KClO4 and Cd could affect antioxidant defense mechanisms and potentially normally increase Cd toxicity on mRNA expression, altering the thyroid functions important in zebrafish embryonic developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.D.P.); (S.N.); (C.I.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Sabrina Natale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.D.P.); (S.N.); (C.I.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Carmelo Iaria
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.D.P.); (S.N.); (C.I.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.D.P.); (S.N.); (C.I.); (A.F.P.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (N.S.); Tel.: +39-90-6765208 (S.C.); +39-90-6765210 (N.S.)
| | - Nunziacarla Spanò
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (N.S.); Tel.: +39-90-6765208 (S.C.); +39-90-6765210 (N.S.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.D.P.); (S.N.); (C.I.); (A.F.P.)
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Hoseini SM, Khosraviani K, Hosseinpour Delavar F, Arghideh M, Zavvar F, Hoseinifar SH, Van Doan H, Zabihi E, Reverter M. Hepatic transcriptomic and histopathological responses of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, to copper and microplastic exposure. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 175:113401. [PMID: 35144215 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The combined effects of copper and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microparticles were investigated on the metal accumulation, histopathological biomarkers, and targeted transcriptomics in Cyprinus carpio liver. The fish were exposed to 0.25 mg/L copper and/or 0.5 mg/L PVC microparticles over a 14-d period. The results showed that hepatic copper accumulation is facilitated by the PVC microparticles presence in water. All treatments induced significant hepatic stress and inflammation; however, the transcriptional responses involving in detoxification pathways and apoptotic mechanisms were mixed and often down-regulated in the fish exposed to copper and/or PVC microparticles. Exposure to copper and/or PVC microparticles induced hypermeia, leukocyte infiltration and increase in melanomacrophage centers number and area. Generally, the severity of the lesions was in the following order: PVC microparticles < copper < copper+ PVC microparticles. In conclusion, PVC MPs act as a copper vector, facilitating accumulation of copper in the fish liver and increasing the tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Morteza Hoseini
- Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Kave Khosraviani
- College of Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hosseinpour Delavar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arghideh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zavvar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Erfan Zabihi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Miriam Reverter
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany; Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
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Coffin JL, Kelley JL, Jeyasingh PD, Tobler M. Impacts of heavy metal pollution on the ionomes and transcriptomes of Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). Mol Ecol 2022; 31:1527-1542. [PMID: 35000238 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the mechanisms mediating the resilience of organisms to environmental change remains lacking. Heavy metals negatively affect processes at all biological scales, yet organisms inhabiting contaminated environments must maintain homeostasis to survive. Tar Creek in Oklahoma, USA, contains high concentrations of heavy metals and an abundance of Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis), though several fish species persist at lower frequency. To test hypotheses about the mechanisms mediating the persistence and abundance of mosquitofish in Tar Creek, we integrated ionomic data from seven resident fish species and transcriptomic data from mosquitofish to test hypotheses about the mechanisms mediating the persistence of mosquitofish in Tar Creek. We predicted that mosquitofish minimize uptake of heavy metals more than other Tar Creek fish inhabitants and induce transcriptional responses to detoxify metals that enter the body, allowing them to persist in Tar Creek at higher density than species that may lack these responses. Tar Creek populations of all seven fish species accumulated heavy metals, suggesting mosquitofish cannot block uptake more efficiently than other species. We found population-level gene expression changes between mosquitofish in Tar Creek and nearby unpolluted sites. Gene expression differences primarily occurred in the gill, where we found upregulation of genes involved with lowering transfer of metal ions from the blood into cells and mitigating free radicals. However, many differentially expressed genes were not in known metal response pathways, suggesting multifarious selective regimes and/or previously undocumented pathways could impact tolerance in mosquitofish. Our systems-level study identified well characterized and putatively new mechanisms that enable mosquitofish to inhabit heavy metal-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Coffin
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Joanna L Kelley
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Punidan D Jeyasingh
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Michael Tobler
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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10
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Di Paola D, Capparucci F, Lanteri G, Cordaro M, Crupi R, Siracusa R, D'Amico R, Fusco R, Impellizzeri D, Cuzzocrea S, Spanò N, Gugliandolo E, Peritore AF. Combined Toxicity of Xenobiotics Bisphenol A and Heavy Metals on Zebrafish Embryos ( Danio rerio). TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9120344. [PMID: 34941778 PMCID: PMC8706782 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9120344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants may cause adverse effects on the immune system of aquatic organisms. This study revealed that combination of environmental pollutants and Bisphenol A(BPA) could cause an acute inflammatory response in zebrafish larvae as shown by body alterations, which may imply a common immunotoxicity mechanism for most environmental pollutants. In the present study we evaluated the toxicity after co-exposure of BPA and Cd or Cr (III) in zebrafish embryos and larvae, and the oxidative stress pathway involved. Evaluation of lethal and developmental endpoints such as hatching, edema, malformations, abnormal heart rate and survival rate were evaluated after 96 h of exposure. Combination of BPA at 10 μM with Cd or Cr at 0.5 μM exposure induce malformations at 96 hpf in zebrafish larvae, as well as significantly increases oxidative stress and induce apoptosis on larvae. Our study suggested how environmental pollutant showed a synergistic effect at common not-effective doses, promoting decrease of antioxidant defense and contrasted fish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Fabiano Capparucci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lanteri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Nunziacarla Spanò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
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11
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Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Pesticides Affect Mobility and DNA Integrity of Early Life Stages of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9080174. [PMID: 34437492 PMCID: PMC8402510 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9080174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of three concentrations of a pesticide mixture on the first development stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The mixture was made up of three commonly used pesticides in viticulture: glyphosate (GLY), chlorpyrifos (CPF) and copper sulfate (Cu). Eyed stage embryos were exposed for 3 weeks to three concentrations of the pesticide mixture. Lethal and sub-lethal effects were assessed through a number of phenotypic and molecular endpoints including survival, hatching delay, hatching success, biometry, swimming activity, DNA damage (Comet assay), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), protein carbonyl content and gene expression. Ten target genes involved in antioxidant defenses, DNA repair, mitochondrial metabolism and apoptosis were analyzed using real-time RT-qPCR. No significant increase of mortality, half-hatch, growth defects, TBARS and protein carbonyl contents were observed whatever the pesticide mixture concentration. In contrast, DNA damage and swimming activity were significantly more elevated at the highest pesticide mixture concentration. Gene transcription was up-regulated for genes involved in detoxification (gst and mt1), DNA repair (ogg1), mitochondrial metabolism (cox1 and 12S), and cholinergic system (ache). This study highlighted the induction of adaptive molecular and behavioral responses of rainbow trout larvae when exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of a mixture of pesticides.
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12
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Shi G, Shen J, Ren F, Yang W. Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of BmSOD3 in silkworm (Bombyx mori). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 106:e21744. [PMID: 32989839 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) play an essential role in eliminating excess reactive oxygen species and maintaining the redox balance of the immune system. To study the function of BmSOD3 in silkworm, 543-bp full-length complementary DNA-encoding BmSOD3 was cloned from silkworm. The BmSOD3 amino acids were compared to their homologs, and several highly conserved regions were analyzed. We also carried out phylogenetic analyses of the SOD gene. Our results showed that the BmSOD3 gene belonged with the ecCu/Zn SOD gene. The BmSOD3 gene was transformed into the pET28a vector for functional expression in Escherichia coli. The sodium salt-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results showed that the molecular weight of recombinant BmSOD3 was about 22 kDa. The recombinant protein BmSOD3 was purified to detect its properties. After purification analyses, the enzyme activity showed Cu/Zn SOD activity, and the specific activity of the purified enzyme was 0.51 U/mg. The BmSOD3 transcripts showed tissue-specific expression in the midgut and malpighian tubule. The immune microarray data for BmSOD3 showed an expression signal that had a strong response to the induction of four pathogens (Bacillus bombyseptieus, Beauveria bassiana, E. coli, and nuclear polyhedrosis virus), particularly after infection for 24 h, which indicates that the BmSOD3 gene plays a key role in response to bacterial, fungal, and viral invasion. The fusion protein also showed antibacterial activity against E. coli in vitro. Thus, the fusion protein BmSOD3 exhibits antibacterial activity and may be used in production to combat diseases caused by bacteria in silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Shi
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Shen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Ren
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weikai Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
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13
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Embryonic toxicity of 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) on Javanese medaka ( Oryzias javanicus Bleeker, 1854). Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1039-1045. [PMID: 32913717 PMCID: PMC7472802 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The 96 h LC50 of 3,4-dichloroaniline in Javanese medaka embryo is 32.87 mg.L−1. 3,4-DCA lowers heart rate of developing Javanese medaka embryos. The sublethal concentration of 3,4-DCA delays hatching in Javanese medaka embryo. The LOEC for deformities in embryos of Javanese medaka was 0.5 mg.L−1.
Early-life exposure to toxic chemicals causes irreversible morphological and physiological abnormalities that may last for a lifetime. The present study aimed to determine the toxicity effect of 3,4-Dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) on Javanese medaka (Oryzias javanicus) embryos. Healthy embryos were exposed to various 3,4-DCA concentrations for acute toxicity (5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg.L−1) and sublethal toxicity (0.10, 0.50, 1.25, 2.50, and 5.00 mg.L−1) for 96 h and 20 days respectively. Acute toxicity test revealed that the median lethal concentration (96h-LC50) was 32.87 mg.L−1 (95 % CI = 27.90–38.74, R2 = 0.95). Sublethal exposure revealed that 1.25 mg.L-1 at 3 days post-exposure (3 dpe) has a significant lower heartrate (120 ± 12.3 beats/min., p < 0.01), while at 7 dpe those exposed to 5 mg.L−1 (141.8 ± 8.3 beats/min) had significantly (p < 0.01) lower heart rate compared to other treatments. Likewise, at 13 dpe, 5.00 mg.L−1 (110.4 ± 17.3 beats/min) and 2.5 mg.L-1 (130.4 ± 8.3 beats/min) were significantly lower (p < 0.001) compared to control. None of the embryos in 5.00 mg.L−1 and 2.50 mg.L-1 treatment groups survived at the end of the experiment. The results indicated a concentration-dependent response. The lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) that exerted developmental deformities was 0.5 mg.L−1. Javanese medaka embryo have low sensitivity to acute toxicity of 3,4-DCA, but developmental abnormalities at sublethal concentrations were observed.
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Ji Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhou J, Wu N, Zhang H. Environmental behavior of and gastropod biomarker response to trace metals from a backwater area of Xian'nv lake. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110381. [PMID: 32145529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Combined with sediment pollutant analysis, the gastropod Cipangopaludina cahayensis was chosen as an indicator organism to evaluate the environmental behavior of trace metals and the aquatic ecological risk that they present in a backwater area of Xian'nv Lake. Based on hydrological characteristics, 24 sampling sites representing the main stream (MS), tributaries (TR), lake area (LA) and lake tributaries (LT) were collected. The results revealed that cadmium (Cd) was the main pollutant and that it significantly accumulated in sediments of the research area. Based on the pollutant concentrations, the degree of Cd pollution was ranked in the following order: LA > MS > TR > LT. Several intersections between the rivers and Xian'nv Lake, including LA1, LA7 and LA 10, were observed to have higher Cd deposition. There was a significant difference in the spatial distribution of pollutants, which resulted in a higher accumulation of trace metals in the backwater area and its tributary. The Cd content in the visceral sac of C. cahayensis was positively correlated with the concentration of heavy metals in the sediment. The response of multiple antioxidant biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), as well as the glutathione (GSH) content and the level of by-products of lipid peroxidation (TBARS), in C. cahayensis revealed a potential relationship to the environmental behavior of the pollutants. By combining the different biomarkers responses, the integrated biomarker response index (IBR) corresponded well with the pollution distribution characteristics in different areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ji
- College of Water Conservancy and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China.
| | - Ye Liu
- College of Water Conservancy and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- College of Water Conservancy and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China
| | - Naichen Wu
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Hao Zhang
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Monobe B200, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
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15
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Okereafor U, Makhatha M, Mekuto L, Uche-Okereafor N, Sebola T, Mavumengwana V. Toxic Metal Implications on Agricultural Soils, Plants, Animals, Aquatic life and Human Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072204. [PMID: 32218329 PMCID: PMC7178168 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The problem of environmental pollution is a global concern as it affects the entire ecosystem. There is a cyclic revolution of pollutants from industrial waste or anthropogenic sources into the environment, farmlands, plants, livestock and subsequently humans through the food chain. Most of the toxic metal cases in Africa and other developing nations are a result of industrialization coupled with poor effluent disposal and management. Due to widespread mining activities in South Africa, pollution is a common site with devastating consequences on the health of animals and humans likewise. In recent years, talks on toxic metal pollution had taken center stage in most scientific symposiums as a serious health concern. Very high levels of toxic metals have been reported in most parts of South African soils, plants, animals and water bodies due to pollution. Toxic metals such as Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Aluminium (Al), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and Arsenic (As) are major mining effluents from tailings which contaminate both the surface and underground water, soil and food, thus affecting biological function, endocrine systems and growth. Environmental toxicity in livestock is traceable to pesticides, agrochemicals and toxic metals. In this review, concerted efforts were made to condense the information contained in literature regarding toxic metal pollution and its implications in soil, water, plants, animals, marine life and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna Okereafor
- Department of Metallurgy, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-7475-16904
| | - Mamookho Makhatha
- Department of Metallurgy, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa;
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa;
| | - Nkemdinma Uche-Okereafor
- Department of Biotechnology & Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; (N.U.-O.); (T.S.)
| | - Tendani Sebola
- Department of Biotechnology & Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; (N.U.-O.); (T.S.)
| | - Vuyo Mavumengwana
- South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa;
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16
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Santos SW, Cachot J, Gourves PY, Clérandeau C, Morin B, Gonzalez P. Sub-lethal effects of waterborne copper in early developmental stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:778-788. [PMID: 30593991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the impact of copper during a sub-chronic exposure to environmental concentrations in the early life stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Eyed-stage embryos of rainbow trout, at 265 °D, were exposed in semi-static conditions to sub-lethal concentrations of CuSO4 up to the larval stage (528 °D) under laboratory-controlled conditions. During 3 weeks, they were exposed to the environmentally-realistic concentration of 2 µg/L Cu and to a 10-fold higher concentration, 20 µg/L Cu. Several biological (survival, hatching success, malformation, growth) and behavioral (swimming activity) and molecular endpoints (genotoxicity and gene transcription) were studied. Exposure to 20 µg/L Cu had an inhibitory effect on hatching and increased half-hatched embryos (25%). At the end of the exposure, no significant differences were observed in growth of the larvae exposed to the highest Cu concentration. However, larvae exposed to 2 µg/L Cu exhibited increased growth in comparison with non-exposed larvae. The percentage of malformed larvae was significantly higher for both copper conditions, with skeletal malformations being the most observed. Expression of several genes was evaluated in whole larvae using quantitative real-time PCR. Genes involved in detoxification (gst, mt1 and mt2) and in cell cycle arrest (p53) were significantly repressed in both copper conditions when compared to control. In addition, potential genotoxic effects on larvae were investigated by the comet assay on blood cells, but this test did not demonstrate any significant DNA damage on larvae exposed to copper. This study confirms the adverse effects of copper on early life stages of rainbow trout even at the lowest environmentally relevant tested concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Weeks Santos
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Gourves
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Place du Dr B. Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Christelle Clérandeau
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Bénédicte Morin
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Place du Dr B. Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon, France.
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17
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Ghelichpour M, Taheri Mirghaed A, Hoseinifar SH, Khalili M, Yousefi M, Van Doan H, Perez-Jimenez A. Expression of immune, antioxidant and stress related genes in different organs of common carp exposed to indoxacarb. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 208:208-216. [PMID: 30684893 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of chronic exposure of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to indoxacarb on immune, antioxidant and stress gene expression. After 21 days exposure to 0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3 ppm indoxacarb, expression of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, SOD, CAT, HSP70, IGF-I and IGF-II were assessed in liver, kidney and gills. In general, exposure to low concentration of indoxacarb increased inflammatory cytokine gene expression (IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ) and inhibits inflammatory cytokines' expression at higher concentrations. The assessment of antioxidant gene expression (SOD and CAT) in different organs indicate that they were increased by low concentrations of indoxacarb to deal with primary oxidative situation. However, higher concentrations of indoxacarb caused reduction in oxidative gene expression. IGF genes expression in liver significantly increased at a concentration of 0.75 ppm treatment, then it decreased at 1.5 ppm indoxacarb and increased again by increasing in the indoxacarb concentration to 3 ppm. The expression of HSP70 in kidney showed a significant elevation in 0.75 and 1.5 ppm treatments compared with 3 ppm treatment and the control group. The expression of this gene in liver was significantly increased in 1.5 and 3 ppm treatments. The same pattern of expression was also observed in gill. Overall, indoxacarb exposure affects common carp health at transcription levels. Changes in the genes expression generally suggest that indoxacarb exposure led to interference in inflammation, oxidative stress and tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Ghelichpour
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Taheri Mirghaed
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Khalili
- Medical Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Morteza Yousefi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Amalia Perez-Jimenez
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, Granada, Spain; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
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18
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Yin J, Wang AP, Li WF, Shi R, Jin HT, Wei JF. Time-response characteristic and potential biomarker identification of heavy metal induced toxicity in zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:309-317. [PMID: 29111395 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present work aims to explore the time-response (from 24 h to 96 h) characteristic and identify early potential sensitive biomarkers of copper (Cu) (as copper chloride dihydrate), cadmium (Cd) (as cadmium acetate), lead (Pb) (as lead nitrate) and chromium (Cr) (as potassium dichromate) exposure in adult zebrafish, focusing on reactive oxygen species (ROS), SOD activity, lipid peroxidation and gene expression related to oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Furthermore, the survival rate decreased apparently by a concentration-dependent manner after Cu, Cr, Cd and Pb exposure, and we selected non-lethal concentrations 0.05 mg/L for Cu, 15 mg/L for Cr, 3 mg/L for Cd and 93.75μg/L for Pb to test the effect on the following biological indicators. Under non-lethal concentration, the four heavy metals have no apparent histological change in adult zebrafish gills. Similar trends in ROS production, MDA level and SOD activity were up-regulated by the four heavy metals, while MDA level responded more sensitive to Pb by time-dependent manner than the other three heavy metals. In addition, mRNA levels related to antioxidant system (SOD1, SOD2 and Nrf2) were up-regulated by non-lethal concentration Cu, Cr, Cd and Pb exposure. MDA level and SOD1 gene have a more delayed response to heavy metals. Genes related to immunotoxicity were increased significantly after heavy metals exposure at non-lethal concentrations. TNF-α and IL-1β gene have similar sensibility to the four heavy metals, while IL-8 gene was more responsive to Cr, Cd and Pb exposure at 48 h groups and IFN-γ gene showed more sensitivity to Cu at 48 h groups than the other heavy metals. In conclusion, the present works have suggested that the IFN-γ gene may applied as early sensitive biomarker to identify Cu-induced toxicity, while MDA content and IL-8 gene may use as early sensitive biomarkers for evaluating the risk of Pb exposure. Moreover, IL-8 and IFN-γ gene were more responsive to heavy metals, which may become early sensitive and potential biomarkers for evaluating inflammatory response induced by heavy metals. This work reinforces the concept of the usefulness of gene expression assays in the evaluation of chemicals effects and helps to establish a background data as well as contributes to evaluate early environmental risk for chemicals, even predicting toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yin
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Postal Code 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Ping Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Postal Code 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Fang Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Postal Code 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Postal Code 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Tao Jin
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Postal Code 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Feng Wei
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Postal Code 100050, Beijing, China.
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19
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Rajeshkumar S, Liu Y, Ma J, Duan HY, Li X. Effects of exposure to multiple heavy metals on biochemical and histopathological alterations in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:461-472. [PMID: 28826748 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are frequently encountered as mixtures of essential and non-essential elements. Therefore, evaluation of their toxic effects individually does not offer a realistic estimate of their impact on biological processes. We studied effects of exposure to mixtures of essential and toxic metals (Cr, Cd and Pb) on biochemical, immunotoxicity level and morphological characteristics of the various tissues of a biomarker freshwater fish common carp using environmentally relevant concentrations. Fish were exposed to metal mixture through tank water for 7, 15 and 30 days, under controlled laboratory conditions. Tissue accumulation of the metals was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric techniques. Chromium, cadmium and lead accumulation in muscle, gills, liver, kidney and intestine, tissue of common carp exposed to mixture metals for 30 days increased significant compared with control group (p < 0.001). However, the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels was significant altered in various tissues of exposed fish. Besides, the lipid peroxidation (LPO) was significant (p < 0.001) increased. Moreover, the tumor necrosis factor - α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-6), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) contents in tissues of muscle, gills, liver, kidney and intestine were increased significant compared with control fish (p < 0.001). In addition, microscopic examination of the main alterations in general morphology of fish gills included spiking and fusion of secondary lamellae, formation of club-shaped filaments epithelium in the interlamellar regions and hepatocytes showed damage of central vein and rupture of irregular hepatic plate with more number of vacuoles in the fish exposed to metal mixture for a longer duration (30 days). These results of this study clearly demonstrate that concentration individual and mixtures of metals in aquatic systems will greatly influence the cytokine alterations may result in an immune suppression or excessive activation in the treated common carp as well as may cause immune dysfunction or reduced immunity. In conclusion, toxicity of multiple metal mixtures of Cr, Cd and Pb has antioxidant and immunotoxic effects on C. carpio.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Junguo Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Hong Ying Duan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
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Yuan C, Li M, Zheng Y, Zhou Y, Wu F, Wang Z. Accumulation and detoxification dynamics of Chromium and antioxidant responses in juvenile rare minnow, Gobiocypris rarus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 190:174-180. [PMID: 28728048 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) compounds are hazardous via all exposure routes. To explore the dynamics of Cr accumulation and elimination and to reveal the mechanisms underlying detoxification and antioxidation in juvenile Gobiocypris rarus, one-month old G. rarus larvae were exposed to 0.1mgL-1 Cr6+ for four weeks for accumulation and subsequently placed to clean water for another week for depuration. The contents of Cr were measured weekly in the whole body of G. rarus juveniles. The activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR), and contents of glutathione (GSH) and malonaldehyde (MDA), and transcripts of cat, Cu/Zn-sod, Mn-sod, gpx1, gstpi, gr, mt1, nrf2 and uba52 were determined. The results indicated that G. rarus juveniles had a strong ability to resist the Cr accumulation by Cr6+ exposure and to remove Cr from the body in clean water. In addition, GST and MT proteins may be involved in the detoxification of Cr6+. Moreover, Cr6+-induced GST detoxification in G. rarus juveniles might be accomplished through the Nrf2-mediated regulation of gene expressions. The antioxidant enzyme systems exhibited a response mechanism of the protective enzymes in organisms when they are subjected to external environmental stress. Two weeks of Cr6+ treatments could have led to the damage and consecutive degradation of antioxidant enzymes via ubiquitination, and MT proteins could be involved in protecting the activity of these enzymes. The capability of antioxidant enzyme systems to recover from the Cr6+-induced damage was strong in G. rarus juveniles after Cr6+ was removed from the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yuan
- College of Animal Science Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Animal Science Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- College of Animal Science Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Animal Science Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Feili Wu
- College of Animal Science Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Yu H, Deng W, Zhang D, Gao Y, Yang Z, Shi X, Sun J, Zhou J, Ji H. Antioxidant defenses of Onychostoma macrolepis in response to thermal stress: Insight from mRNA expression and activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:50-61. [PMID: 28476669 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Onychostoma macrolepis has becoming an endangered fish species in China, which population gradually declined in the past few decades due to the changing environment including elevated water temperature resulted from adverse weather events. The present study determined antioxidant defenses of O. macrolepis in response to thermal stress, aiming to understand the role of antioxidant system in adaptation of thermal stress for O. macrolepis. Experimental fish which were acclimated at 24 °C were stressed at 30 °C for 0 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Change in mRNA expression of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and catalase (CAT) and activity of SOD and CAT of the experimental fish with different stress time were determined. We cloned the full-length cDNA of Cu/Zn-SOD and CAT by means of RACE method, and analyzed their molecular characterization and tissue distribution. We discovered that the mRNA expression of the Cu/Zn-SOD in heart, liver, spleen, gill, intestine and the CAT in heart, liver, spleen, kidney, intestine and muscle of O. macrolepis significantly increased when water temperature increased from 24 °C to 30 °C, indicating a sensitive response of mRNA expression of Cu/Zn-SOD and CAT to the thermal stress. Moreover, the mRNA expression of the Cu/Zn-SOD and CAT were varied in different tissues, indicating different sensitivity of the tissues in response to thermal stress. Activity of the SOD in serum of O. macrolepis gradually increased from 1 h to 12 h sampling time, but significantly decreased at 24 h sampling time, compared to that of 0 h sampling time. And activity of the CAT in serum of O. macrolepis significantly decreased from 1 h to 12 h sampling time, and did not changed significantly at 24 h and 48 h sampling time, compared to that of 0 h sampling time. As such, MDA contents in the serum of O. macrolepis significantly decreased from 1 h to 6 h sampling time, but significantly increased at 12 h and 24 h sampling time, compared to that of 0 h sampling time. In summary, antioxidant system of the O. macrolepis can quickly response to short term thermal stress at 30 °C in form of both the mRNA expression of Cu/Zn-SOD and CAT and the activity of SOD and CAT, and consequently enhance the antioxidant defenses of O. macrolepis. However, thermal stress at 30 °C for 12 h-24 h seems to lead to oxidative damage of the O. macrolepis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wei Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn 36849, USA
| | - Yao Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaochen Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jishu Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Liu S, Liu X, Liu M, Wu L, Ding C, Huang Z. Extraction of Rice Phenological Differences under Heavy Metal Stress Using EVI Time-Series from HJ-1A/B Data. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17061243. [PMID: 28556819 PMCID: PMC5492372 DOI: 10.3390/s17061243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An effective method to monitor heavy metal stress in crops is of critical importance to assure agricultural production and food security. Phenology, as a sensitive indicator of environmental change, can respond to heavy metal stress in crops and remote sensing is an effective method to detect plant phenological changes. This study focused on identifying the rice phenological differences under varied heavy metal stress using EVI (enhanced vegetation index) time-series, which was obtained from HJ-1A/B CCD images and fitted with asymmetric Gaussian model functions. We extracted three phenological periods using first derivative analysis: the tillering period, heading period, and maturation period; and constructed two kinds of metrics with phenological characteristics: date-intervals and time-integrated EVI, to explore the rice phenological differences under mild and severe stress levels. Results indicated that under severe stress the values of the metrics for presenting rice phenological differences in the experimental areas of heavy metal stress were smaller than the ones under mild stress. This finding represents a new method for monitoring heavy metal contamination through rice phenology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Liu
- School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiangnan Liu
- School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Meiling Liu
- School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ling Wu
- School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chao Ding
- School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zhi Huang
- School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.
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Pereira TM, Mattar LP, Pereira ER, Merçon J, da Silva AG, Cruz ZMA. Effects of Tin on Enzyme Activity in Holothuria grisea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 98:607-611. [PMID: 27904927 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of tin exposure on enzyme activity in the sea cucumber (Holothuria grisea Selenka, 1867). After exposure to 0 (control), 0.04, 0.08, or 0.12 mg L-1 tin, we tested the activities of total cholinesterase in longitudinal muscles, acid phosphatase in gonads and the respiratory tree, as well as alkaline phosphatase in the intestines during a 96-h bioassay. Regression analyses showed that all enzyme activities declined with increasing tin concentrations, except for acid phosphatase in the respiratory tree, which were similarly, inhibited at all tin concentrations. These results indicate that H. grisea is a potential bioindicator for seascape habitat monitoring programs, as its biochemical markers show sensitivity to trace elements that can indicate a rise in pollution levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Miura Pereira
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Ambiental e Genotoxicidade, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29.102-770, Brazil
| | - Lívia Pôncio Mattar
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Ambiental e Genotoxicidade, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29.102-770, Brazil
| | - Edgar Rocha Pereira
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Ambiental e Genotoxicidade, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29.102-770, Brazil
| | - Julia Merçon
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Ambiental e Genotoxicidade, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29.102-770, Brazil
| | - Ary Gomes da Silva
- Laboratório de Ecologia Funcional, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29.102-770, Brazil
| | - Zilma Maria Almeida Cruz
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Ambiental e Genotoxicidade, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29.102-770, Brazil.
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24
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Kim YJ, Lee N, Woo S, Ryu JC, Yum S. Transcriptomic change as evidence for cadmium-induced endocrine disruption in marine fish model of medaka, Oryzias javanicus. Mol Cell Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-016-0045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Zeeshan M, Murugadas A, Ghaskadbi S, Rajendran RB, Akbarsha MA. ROS dependent copper toxicity in Hydra-biochemical and molecular study. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 185-186:1-12. [PMID: 26945520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Copper, an essential microelement, is known to be toxic to aquatic life at concentrations higher than that could be tolerated. Copper-induced oxidative stress has been documented in vitro, yet the in vivo effects of metal-induced oxidative stress have not been extensively studied in the lower invertebrates. The objective of the present study has been to find the effect of ROS-mediated toxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of copper at organismal and cellular levels in Hydra magnipapillata. Exposure to copper at sublethal concentrations (0.06 and 0.1mg/L) for 24 or 48h resulted in generation of significant levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). We infer that the free radicals here originate predominantly at the lysosomes but partly at the mitochondria also as visualized by H2-DHCFDA staining. Quantitative real-time PCR of RNA extracted from copper-exposed polyps revealed dose-dependent up-regulation of all antioxidant response genes (CAT, SOD, GPx, GST, GR, G6PD). Concurrent increase of Hsp70 and FoxO genes suggests the ability of polyps to respond to stress, which at 48h was not the same as at 24h. Interestingly, the transcript levels of all genes were down-regulated at 48h as compared to 24h incubation period. Comet assay indicated copper as a powerful genotoxicant, and the DNA damage was dose- as well as duration-dependent. Western blotting of proteins (Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3) confirmed ROS-mediated mitochondrial cell death in copper-exposed animals. These changes correlated well with changes in morphology, regeneration and aspects of reproduction. Taken together, the results indicate increased production of intracellular ROS in Hydra on copper exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Zeeshan
- Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Anbazhagan Murugadas
- Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Surendra Ghaskadbi
- Developmental Biology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, India
| | - Ramasamy Babu Rajendran
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Mohammad Abdulkader Akbarsha
- Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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26
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Deriving the Characteristic Scale for Effectively Monitoring Heavy Metal Stress in Rice by Assimilation of GF-1 Data with the WOFOST Model. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16030340. [PMID: 26959033 PMCID: PMC4813915 DOI: 10.3390/s16030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accurate monitoring of heavy metal stress in crops is of great importance to assure agricultural productivity and food security, and remote sensing is an effective tool to address this problem. However, given that Earth observation instruments provide data at multiple scales, the choice of scale for use in such monitoring is challenging. This study focused on identifying the characteristic scale for effectively monitoring heavy metal stress in rice using the dry weight of roots (WRT) as the representative characteristic, which was obtained by assimilation of GF-1 data with the World Food Studies (WOFOST) model. We explored and quantified the effect of the important state variable LAI (leaf area index) at various spatial scales on the simulated rice WRT to find the critical scale for heavy metal stress monitoring using the statistical characteristics. Furthermore, a ratio analysis based on the varied heavy metal stress levels was conducted to identify the characteristic scale. Results indicated that the critical threshold for investigating the rice WRT in monitoring studies of heavy metal stress was larger than 64 m but smaller than 256 m. This finding represents a useful guideline for choosing the most appropriate imagery.
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27
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El-Sayed YS, El-Gazzar AM, El-Nahas AF, Ashry KM. Vitamin C modulates cadmium-induced hepatic antioxidants' gene transcripts and toxicopathic changes in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1664-1670. [PMID: 26385855 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the naturally occurring heavy metals having adverse effects, while vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) is an essential micronutrient for fish, which can attenuate tissue damage owing to its chain-breaking antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties. The adult Nile tilapia fish were exposed to Cd at 5 mg/l with and without vitamin C (500 mg/kg diet) for 45 days in addition to negative and positive controls fed with the basal diet and basal diet supplemented with vitamin C, respectively. Hepatic relative mRNA expression of genes involved in antioxidant function, metallothionein (MT), glutathione S-transferase (GST-α1), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx1), was assessed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Hepatic architecture was also histopathologically examined. Tilapia exposed to Cd exhibited upregulated antioxidants' gene transcript levels, GST-⍺1, GPx1, and MT by 6.10-, 4.60-, and 4.29-fold, respectively. Histopathologically, Cd caused severe hepatic changes of multifocal hepatocellular and pancreatic acinar necrosis, and lytic hepatocytes infiltrated with eosinophilic granular cells. Co-treatment of Cd-exposed fish with vitamin C overexpressed antioxidant enzyme-related genes, GST-⍺1 (16.26-fold) and GPx1 (18.68-fold), and maintained the expression of MT gene close to control (1.07-fold), averting the toxicopathic lesions induced by Cd. These results suggested that vitamin C has the potential to protect Nile tilapia from Cd hepatotoxicity via sustaining hepatic antioxidants' genes transcripts and normal histoarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser S El-Sayed
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M El-Gazzar
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | - Abeer F El-Nahas
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Ashry
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
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28
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Guan GF, Wang YS, Cheng H, Jiang ZY, Fei J. Physiological and biochemical response to drought stress in the leaves of Aegiceras corniculatum and Kandelia obovata. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:1668-1676. [PMID: 25956979 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that affects plant growth and metabolism adversely around the world. According to this research, the effect of drought stress on the activity of antioxidative enzymes, soluble sugar, protein and lipid peroxidation were studied in leaves of two mangrove plants, Kandelia obovata and Aegiceras corniculatum. The result showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) varied significantly between the leaves and roots studied. The activities increased in different stress levels. The production rate of O 2 (-·) changed with the activity of SOD and POD. Lipid peroxidation was enhanced and Glycine betaine (GB) could decrease the level of malonaldehyde in order to reduce the damage of membrane system. The content of soluble sugar and protein also increased under drought stress and GB helped to eliminate the accumulation of them which somehow enhance the ability of defensing the plants under drought stress. These results indicated that antioxidative activity may play an important role in A. corniculatum and K. obovata and that cell membrane in leaves of K. obovata had greater stability than those of A. corniculatum. Exogenous application of GB had positive effects on A. corniculatum and K. obovata under drought stress which could be products exogenously applied to mangrove plants in order to alleviates the adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Fang Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - You-Shao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518121, China.
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Jiao Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
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29
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Metabolic changes in marine medaka fish (Oryzias javanicus) in response to acute 4-nonlyphenol toxicity. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-015-9408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Quintaneiro C, Ranville J, Nogueira AJA. Effects of the essential metals copper and zinc in two freshwater detritivores species: Biochemical approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 118:37-46. [PMID: 25899672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The input of metals into freshwater ecosystems from natural and anthropogenic sources impairs water quality and can lead to biological alterations in organisms and plants, compromising the structure and the function of these ecosystems. Biochemical biomarkers may provide early detection of exposure to contaminants and indicate potential effects at higher levels of biological organisation. The effects of 48h exposures to copper and zinc on Atyaephyra desmarestii and Echinogammarus meridionalis were evaluated with a battery of biomarkers of oxidative stress and the determination of ingestion rates. The results showed different responses of biomarkers between species and each metal. Copper inhibited the enzymatic defence system of both species without signs of oxidative damage. Zinc induced the defence system in E. meriodionalis with no evidence of oxidative damage. However, in A. desmarestii exposed to zinc was observed oxidative damage. In addition, only zinc had significantly reduced the ingestion rate and just for E. meridionalis. The value of the integrated biomarkers response increased with concentration of both metals, which indicates that might be a valuable tool to interpretation of data as a whole, as different parameters have different weight according to type of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Quintaneiro
- CESAM and Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-191 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - J Ranville
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines,1012 14th Street, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - A J A Nogueira
- CESAM and Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-191 Aveiro, Portugal
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Jin Y, Liu Z, Liu F, Ye Y, Peng T, Fu Z. Embryonic exposure to cadmium (II) and chromium (VI) induce behavioral alterations, oxidative stress and immunotoxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Neurotoxicol Teratol 2015; 48:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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32
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Khan AA, Rahmani AH, Aldebasi YH, Aly SM. Biochemical and pathological studies on peroxidases -an updated review. Glob J Health Sci 2014; 6:87-98. [PMID: 25168993 PMCID: PMC4825458 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v6n5p87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxidases represent a family of isoenzymes actively involved in oxidizing reactive oxygen species, innate immunity, hormone biosynthesis and pathogenesis of several diseases. Different types of peroxidases have organ, tissues, cellular and sub-cellular level of specificities in their function. Different diseases lead to varied expressions of peroxidases based on several mechanisms proposed. Several researches are going on to understand its deficiency, over-expression and malfunction in relation with different diseases. Some common diseases of mankind like cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes directly or indirectly involve the role of peroxidases. So the status of peroxidase levels may also function as a marker of different diseases. Although many types of diseases in human beings have a strong correlation with tissue specific peroxidases, the clear role of these oxido-reductases is not yet fully understood. Here we are focusing on the role of peroxidases in relations with different diseases occurring due to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad A Khan
- Dept. of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.
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Transcriptional changes caused by bisphenol A in Oryzias javanicus, a fish species highly adaptable to environmental salinity. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:983-98. [PMID: 24534842 PMCID: PMC3944526 DOI: 10.3390/md12020983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Javanese medaka, Oryzias javanicus, is a fish highly adaptable to various environmental salinities. Here, we investigated the effects of the environmental pollutant bisphenol A (BPA; an endocrine disrupting chemical) on gene expression levels in this species acclimated to different salinities. Using cDNA microarrays, we detected the induction of differential expression of genes by BPA, and compared the transcriptional changes caused by chemical exposure at different salinities. There were marked transcriptional changes induced by BPA between treatments. While 533 genes were induced by a factor of more than two when O. javanicus was exposed to BPA in seawater, only 215 genes were induced in freshwater. Among those genes, only 78 were shared and changed significantly their expression in both seawater and freshwater. Those genes were mainly involved in cellular processes and signaling pathway. We then categorized by functional group genes specifically induced by BPA exposure in seawater or freshwater. Gene expression changes were further confirmed in O. javanicus exposed to various concentrations of BPA, using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR based on primer sets for 28 selected genes.
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Villarreal FD, Das GK, Abid A, Kennedy IM, Kültz D. Sublethal effects of CuO nanoparticles on Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) are modulated by environmental salinity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88723. [PMID: 24520417 PMCID: PMC3919801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing use of manufactured nanoparticles (NP) in different applications has triggered the need to understand their putative ecotoxicological effects in the environment. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NP) are toxic, and induce oxidative stress and other pathophysiological conditions. The unique properties of NP can change depending on the characteristics of the media they are suspended in, altering the impact on their toxicity to aquatic organisms in different environments. Here, Mozambique tilapia (O. mossambicus) were exposed to flame synthesized CuO NP (0.5 and 5 mg·L−1) in two environmental contexts: (a) constant freshwater (FW) and (b) stepwise increase in environmental salinity (SW). Sublethal effects of CuO NP were monitored and used to dermine exposure endpoints. Fish exposed to 5 mg·L−1 CuO in SW showed an opercular ventilation rate increase, whereas fish exposed to 5 mg·L−1 in FW showed a milder response. Different effects of CuO NP on antioxidant enzyme activities, accumulation of transcripts for metal-responsive genes, GSH∶GSSG ratio, and Cu content in fish gill and liver also demonstrate that additive osmotic stress modulates CuO NP toxicity. We conclude that the toxicity of CuO NP depends on the particular environmental context and that salinity is an important factor for modulating NP toxicity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando D. Villarreal
- Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gautom Kumar Das
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Aamir Abid
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ian M. Kennedy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Dietmar Kültz
- Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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Woo S, Lee A, Denis V, Chen CA, Yum S. Transcript response of soft coral (Scleronephthya gracillimum) on exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:901-910. [PMID: 23832774 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1958-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the most persistent organic pollutants in worldwide aquatic environments. The extensive isolation of genes responsive to PAH pollution in soft coral (Scleronephthya gracillimum) is described herein. Soft coral colonies were exposed to 100 μg/L of a standard mixture of PAHs. Gene candidates with transcript levels that changed in response to PAH exposure were identified by differential display polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR). There were 37 types of candidate genes identified, of which 20 were upregulated in expression and 17 were downregulated. The functions of the genes identified included oxidative stress response, ribosomal structure maintenance, molecular chaperone activity, protein kinase activation and tumorigenesis, defense mechanisms, transcription, and other biological responses. mRNA quantification was carried out using real-time quantitative PCR in eight selected genes: cytosolic malate dehydrogenase, protein disulfide isomerase, ribosomal protein L6, ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 1, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 4, peptidylglycine α-hydroxylating monooxygenase, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) metallopeptidase protein, and eukaryotic initiation factor 4 gamma 3. Changes in transcript levels were consistent with DD-PCR results. The gene candidates isolated in this study were differentially expressed and therefore have potential as molecular biomarkers for understanding coral responses to environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonock Woo
- South Sea Environment Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 656-830, Republic of Korea
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Woo S, Won H, Lee A, Yum S. Oxidative stress and gene expression in diverse tissues of Oryzias javanicus exposed to 17β-estradiol. Mol Cell Toxicol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-012-0032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Yang J, Wei X, Xu J, Yang D, Liu X, Yang J, Fang J, Hu X. A sigma-class glutathione S-transferase from Solen grandis that responded to microorganism glycan and organic contaminants. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 32:1198-1204. [PMID: 22433574 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of antioxidant enzymes, which play crucial roles in detoxification and protection of tissues from oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, a sigma-class GST was identified from razor clam Solen grandis (designated as SgGST-S1), and its expression patterns, both in tissues and toward microorganism glycan as well as organic contaminants stimulation, were then characterized. The full-length cDNA of SgGST-S1 was of 1291 bp, containing a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 27 bp, and a 3' UTR of 619 bp with a poly (A) tail. The open reading frame (ORF) was of 645 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 214 amino acids with the predicted molecular weight of 24.8 kDa, which shared 47% identity with GST from Ruditapes philippinarum. The analysis of conserved domain and phylogenetic relationship strongly suggested that SgGST-S1 was a member of sigma-class GST. The mRNA of SgGST-S1 was constitutively expressed in all tested tissues of healthy razor clam, including mantle, gill, gonad, hemocytes, muscle, and hepatopancreas, and it was highly expressed in hepatopancreas. The mRNA expression of SgGST-S1 in hemocytes was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.01) after razor clam was stimulated by peptidoglycan (PGN) or β-1, 3-glucan, but not LPS. In addition, the SgGST-S1 transcript level was also significantly (P < 0.01) induced by exposure of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) or Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDE). All the results indicated that SgGST-S1 might serve as an antioxidant enzyme involving in the detoxification cause by both microorganism glycan and organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Yang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China.
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Woo S, Lee A, Won H, Ryu JC, Yum S. Toxaphene affects the levels of mRNA transcripts that encode antioxidant enzymes in Hydra. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 156:37-41. [PMID: 22498080 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated toxaphene-induced acute toxicity in Hydra magnipapillata. The median lethal concentrations of the animals (LC(50)) were determined to be 34.5 mg/L, 25.0 mg/L and 12.0 mg/L after exposure to toxaphene for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively. Morphological responses of hydra polyps to a range of toxaphene concentrations suggested that toxaphene negatively affects the nervous system of H. magnipapillata. We used real-time quantitative PCR of RNA extracted from polyps exposed to two concentrations of toxaphene (0.3 mg/L and 3 mg/L) for 24 h to evaluate the differential regulation of levels of transcripts that encode six antioxidant enzymes (CAT, G6PD, GPx, GR, GST and SOD), two proteins involved in detoxification and molecular stress responses (CYP1A and UB), and two proteins involved in neurotransmission and nerve cell differentiation (AChE and Hym-355). Of the genes involved in antioxidant responses, the most striking changes were observed for transcripts that encode GPx, G6PD, SOD, CAT and GST, with no evident change in levels of transcripts encoding GR. Levels of UB and CYP1A transcripts increased in a dose-dependent manner following exposure to toxaphene. Given that toxaphene-induced neurotoxicity was not reflected in the level of AChE transcripts and only slight accumulation of Hym-355 transcript was observed only at the higher of the two doses of toxaphene tested, there remains a need to identify transcriptional biomarkers for toxaphene-mediated neurotoxicity in H. magnipapillata. Transcripts that respond to toxaphene exposure could be valuable biomarkers for stress levels in H. magnipapillata and may be useful for monitoring the pollution of aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonock Woo
- South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Geoje, Republic of Korea
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Woo S, Jeon HY, Lee TK, Kim SR, Lee SH, Yum S. Expression profiling of liver in Java medaka fish exposed to 17β-estradiol. Mol Cell Toxicol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-011-0033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Woo S, Jeon HY, Kim SR, Yum S. Differentially displayed genes with oxygen depletion stress and transcriptional responses in the marine mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2011; 6:348-56. [PMID: 21849267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic events affecting aquatic environments have been reported worldwide and the hypoxia caused by eutrophication is considered one of the serious threats to coastal marine ecosystems. To investigate the molecular-level responses of marine organisms exposed to oxygen depletion stress and to explore the differentially expressed genes induced or repressed by hypoxia, differential display polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR) was used with mRNAs from the marine mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, under oxygen depletion and normal oxygen conditions. In total, 107 cDNA clones were differentially expressed under hypoxic conditions relative to the control mussel group. The differentially expressed genes were analyzed to determine the effects of hypoxia. They were classified into five functional categories: information storage and processing, cellular processes and signaling, metabolism, predicted general function only, and function unknown. The differentially expressed genes were predominantly associated with cellular processing and signaling, and they were particularly related to the signal transduction mechanism, posttranslational modification, and chaperone functions. The observed differences in the DD-PCR of 10 genes (encoding elongation factor 1 alpha, heat shock protein 90, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, GTPase-activating protein, 18S ribosomal RNA, cytochrome oxidase subunit 1, ATP synthase, chitinase, phosphoglycerate/bisphosphoglycerate mutase family protein, and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR and their transcriptional changes in the mussels exposed to hypoxic conditions for 24-72 h were investigated. These results identify biomarker genes for hypoxic stress and provide molecular-level information about the effects of oxygen depletion on marine bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonock Woo
- South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Geoje 656-830, Republic of Korea
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Kim S, Ji K, Lee S, Lee J, Kim J, Kim S, Kho Y, Choi K. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid exposure increases cadmium toxicity in early life stage of zebrafish, Danio rerio. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2011; 30:870-7. [PMID: 21184528 DOI: 10.1002/etc.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is known to induce thyroid-related adverse effects in aquatic organisms. Because an antioxidant defense mechanism is one of the key functions of the thyroid gland, we examined whether preexposure to PFOS could disrupt thyroid function and enhance cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative stress in fish. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to control or 0.5 mg/L PFOS for 7 d after fertilization and subsequently exposed to 0.038 mg/L of Cd(2+) or a mixture of the PFOS and Cd for an additional 3 d until 10 d postfertilization (dpf). Survival rates, body length, messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions related to thyroid function and oxidative stress, the levels of thyroid hormones, and malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured. Significant down-regulation of mRNAs related to thyroid function (thyroid hormone receptor-alpha [THRα], thyroid hormone receptor-beta [THRβ], hematopoietically expressed homeobox [hhex], and paired box gene 8 [pax8]) and decrease of throxine (T4) levels were observed in the PFOS preexposure group, suggesting that PFOS preexposure would influence the performance of thyroid gland in the later stages of life. Certain genes relative to oxidative stress, such as superoxide dismutase 1 (sod1) and heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), in the PFOS preexposure group were significantly up-regulated when the larvae were subsequently exposed to Cd or to the mixture of PFOS and Cd. Glutathione S-transferase activity and malondialdehyde levels of the PFOS-preexposed group were increased significantly by Cd exposure. Significant decrease of the survival rates and body length of fish were observed at 10 dpf among the larvae that were previously exposed to PFOS. These results suggest that preexposure to PFOS could affect antioxidant defense mechanisms and potentially increase the toxicity of Cd on mRNA expression and enzyme activity level responses, as well as on survival or growth of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyoung Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Woo S, Jeon HY, Lee J, Song JI, Park HS, Yum S. Isolation of hyperthermal stress responsive genes in soft coral (Scleronephthya gracillimum). Mol Cell Toxicol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-010-0051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Woo S, Yum S, Kim DW, Park HS. Transcripts level responses in a marine medaka (Oryzias javanicus) exposed to organophosphorus pesticide. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 149:427-32. [PMID: 18983944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The differential expression of a set of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and stress-responsive proteins was investigated by real-time quantitative PCR in intestine, liver, and muscle tissues extracted from Oryzias javanicus after exposure to the organophosphorus pesticide, Iprobenfos (IBP). After IBP exposure, transcriptional changes in all the tested genes were prominent in the liver and moderate in the intestine, but unpredictable in the muscle. In the liver, CAT transcription increased after exposure to IBP at all concentrations (P<0.05). CYP1A mRNA was induced in the intestine and liver at the two higher concentrations. G6PD transcription was induced in the liver at the three higher IBP concentrations, but was suppressed in muscle at the same concentrations. GPx expression in the liver increased at three higher concentrations of IBP. In the intestine and liver, GR expression was induced at two higher and three higher concentrations, respectively. However, no significant changes were observed in the muscle. GST and SOD transcription was induced in the liver at all IBP concentrations. IBP exposure induced UB expression in the intestine and liver in a concentration-dependent manner. The transcriptional changes in these genes in the liver could be good biomarkers for stress levels in O.javanicus, and be used as critical biomarkers for environmental quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonock Woo
- South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Geoje 656-830, Republic of Korea
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