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Iacono G, Elsaesser C, Dominique Courts CL. "My resistance melts away": The role of mindfulness in supporting participatory researchers' efforts to share power with youth co-researchers. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38959292 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Youth participatory action research (YPAR) is an approach widely utilized in various social science disciplines (e.g., community psychology, social work, public health), which requires researchers to share power with youth co-researchers and to collaborate across identities to work equitably. Understanding what approaches and practices support YPAR adult facilitators' ability to share power is a vital area of knowledge that can support greater freedom in how researchers approach YPAR. Mindfulness offers a powerful set of tools for adult researchers to track their reactions and equitably collaborate with youth co-researchers. Drawing on insights from our youth participatory research, the present study employed a collaborative autoethnography to integrate our unique experiences as YPAR facilitators. We reflected on a core research question: How does mindfulness inform and support our YPAR work? Two major themes emerged that relate to power-sharing in YPAR: (1) Mindfulness supports our ability to overcome barriers to being present in facilitating YPAR groups; (2) Facilitator presence fosters deeper connection with youth co-researchers and stronger collaboration. Mindfulness can provide researchers a holistic, strengths-based approach in youth collaboration, and may also provide skillful tools for researchers to counter the pressures of White supremacy culture in academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gio Iacono
- School of Social Work, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Caitlin Elsaesser
- School of Social Work, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
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Ong CW, Skolnik AM, Johnson HM, Krafft J, Loew S, Kurtz AJ, Lee EB. Sociodemographic representation in randomized controlled trials for anxiety-related disorders in the U.S.: A systematic review (1993-2023). Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 111:102446. [PMID: 38796946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive behavioral therapies have been identified as evidence-based treatments for anxiety-related disorders. However, data supporting the effectiveness of these treatments have been largely collected from participants with majoritized identities, potentially limiting the extent to which they can be considered "evidence-based" for clients from minoritized groups. The current review examined sociodemographic representation and quality of sociodemographic reporting in randomized controlled trials for anxiety-related disorders in the U.S. between 1993 and 2023. We conducted a systematic literature review of U.S.-based randomized controlled trials of cognitive behavioral therapies for anxiety-related disorders, extracted data on sociodemographic variables, and rated quality of reporting. Data from 55 eligible studies (N = 4492) indicated that white and female identities were overrepresented relative to the U.S. population, with variables like disability status, sexual orientation, and religious identification consistently ignored. In addition, quality of reporting was generally poor (mean = 3.6 out of 10), with many studies failing to account for demographic variables in their analyses or description of study limitations. Publication year, sample size, and NIH funding status did not significantly predict gender representation (% women), ethnoracial representation (% white), or quality of reporting. These findings underscore the importance of critically evaluating to whom "evidence-based" treatments apply and increasing diversity of clinical samples, to ensure that evidence-based treatments are inclusive. Recommendations for future research, clinical implications, and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Loew
- Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, USA
| | | | - Eric B Lee
- Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, USA
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Teixeira DS, Fortes S, Kestenberg C, Alves K, Campos MR, Neto AO, Ortega F, García-Campayo J, Demarzo M. Improving patient-centered mental health promotion in primary care in vulnerable communities through mindfulness training in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1356040. [PMID: 39040898 PMCID: PMC11261806 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1356040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brazilian Primary Health Care (PHC) is responsible for all-sanitary actions for a community-based population, including health promotion and mental health care. Mindfulness Based Health Promotion (MBHP) is an intervention that can promote self-care and psychosocial support in PHC. Objective To discuss the effects of mindfulness based psychosocial group interventions for health promotion in primary care units in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods The intervention was based on the MBHP model adapted for SUS. Nine groups were held in Rio de Janeiro. A quali-quanti research was held with two parts: (a) quantitative study, pre and after the 8 weeks intervention, evaluating the effect on mindfulness and self-compassion and their association with levels of anxiety, depression, and quality of life. (b) Qualitative research using Focus Groups with the participants to investigate their experience at the end of the mindfulness groups. Results and discussion Sixty-two participants finished the 9 groups where 86% were women, mostly between 30 and 59 years of age and low income, and around 80% under regular medical care in PHC in SUS. In the studied sample 80% had at least one chronic health condition under treatment, including 42% with anxiety and 35% with depression. The effects included significant improvement in Anxiety and Depression and in Quality of Life, mainly in the psychological but also in the physical and interrelation domains. The qualitative study showed that most patients joined the group on the recommendation of health professionals for managing physical and mental health symptoms. Patients reported being able to use the practices taught in the sessions to manage symptoms such as insomnia and emotionally distressing situations in their daily lives. Including family members in mindfulness practices was a strategy to negotiate not only a space at home to meditate, but also to obtain a different approach to health problems. Participants pointed to mindfulness as a complementary therapeutic option to medication and psychotherapy. Conclusion Mindfulness-Based Intervention have shown to be a feasible, well-accepted and efficacious method of offering psychosocial support and promoting well-being for low-income patients in primary care in LAMIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Silva Teixeira
- Department of Integral Family and Community Medicine, Medical Sciences College, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandra Fortes
- Medical Sciences College, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celia Kestenberg
- Nursing School, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kali Alves
- Pedro Ernesto University Hospital – State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Alfredo Oliveira Neto
- Primary Health Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Study, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Anthropology Research Center, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Marcelo Demarzo
- Mente Aberta – The Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion – Department of Preventive Medicine, Paulista Medical School – Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Musanje K, Kasujja R, Camlin CS, Hooper N, Hope-Bell J, Sinclair DL, Kibanja GM, Mpirirwe R, Kalyango JN, Kamya MR. Effectiveness of a mindfulness and acceptance-based intervention for improving the mental health of adolescents with HIV in Uganda: An open-label trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301988. [PMID: 38722926 PMCID: PMC11081388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescents with HIV (AWH) face the double burden of dealing with challenges presented by their developmental phase while coping with stigma related to HIV, affecting their mental health. Poor mental health complicates adherence to daily treatment regimens, requiring innovative psychosocial support strategies for use with adolescents. We assessed the effectiveness of a mindfulness and acceptance-based intervention on the mental health of AWH in Uganda. One hundred and twenty-two AWH, mean age 17 ±1.59 (range 15 to 19 years), 57% female, receiving care at a public health facility in Kampala were enrolled in an open-label randomized trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05010317) with assessments at pre-and post-intervention. The mindfulness and acceptance-based intervention involved weekly 90-minute group sessions for four consecutive weeks facilitated by two experienced trainers. Sessions involved clarifying values, skillfully relating to thoughts, allowing and becoming aware of experiences non-judgmentally, and exploring life through trial and error. The control group received the current standard of care. Three mental health domains (depression, anxiety, and internalized stigma) were compared between the intervention and control groups. A linear mixed effects regression was used to analyze the effect of the intervention across the two time points. Results showed that the intervention was associated with a statistically significant reduction in symptoms of depression (β = -10.72, 95%CI: 6.25, -15.20; p < .0001), anxiety (β = -7.55, 95%CI: 2.66, -12.43; p = .0003) and stigma (β = -1.40, 95%CI: 0.66 to -2.15; p = .0004) over time. Results suggest that mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions have the potential to improve the mental health of AWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khamisi Musanje
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- School of Psychology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rosco Kasujja
- School of Psychology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Carol S. Camlin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Nic Hooper
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Josh Hope-Bell
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ruth Mpirirwe
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joan N. Kalyango
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moses R. Kamya
- School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Perry A, Gardener C, Shieh J, Hồ QT, Doan A, Bhui K. Investigating the acceptability of a culturally adapted acceptance and commitment therapy group for UK Vietnamese communities: A practice-based feasibility study. Transcult Psychiatry 2024:13634615241228071. [PMID: 38529626 DOI: 10.1177/13634615241228071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an empirically supported psychotherapy that offers promise for the mental health of minoritised ethnic populations. Given the diversity of those presenting to inner-city services and barriers to accessing appropriate mental healthcare, we sought to develop a culturally syntonic ACT intervention for UK Vietnamese refugee communities in a practice-based partnership project between a National Health Service and local third-sector service in East London. The aim was to explore the feasibility, acceptability and impact of the adapted intervention to inform culturally inclusive clinical practice and future research. We outline key aspects of Vietnamese belief systems and culture, and consider how these might influence the optimisation of group-based ACT. We then present a mixed-method evaluation of the seven-session adapted ACT group for 11 participants (9 male and 5 female, aged between 44 and 73 years). Individual-level change analyses indicated clinically significant improvements in psychological flexibility for the minority of participants and a mixed pattern for impact on well-being. A thematic analysis and descriptive approach examined acceptability, feasibility and narratives of impact. Participants reported positive feedback on group experience, relevance and usefulness, and emergent themes indicate that the group facilitated key acceptance, commitment and behaviour-change processes, promoted social connections and increased engagement in meaningful life activities in relation to new perspectives and values-based action. Limitations are outlined, but overall, findings suggest preliminary support for the potential beneficial effect of the adapted ACT group as a feasible, culturally acceptable therapeutic approach for UK Vietnamese communities that is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kamaldeep Bhui
- East London NHS Foundation Trust
- University of Oxford
- World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre (Research, Training, Policy) Oxford
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Pham TV, Kincade M, Vranceanu AM. Culturally Adapting Mind-Body Interventions for Black Individuals with Chronic Pain: Arguments and Recommendations Towards a Task-Sharing Approach. Adv Mind Body Med 2024; 37:12-19. [PMID: 38466049 PMCID: PMC11168092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Compared to non-Hispanic White individuals, non-Hispanic Black Individuals report worse chronic pain from a variety of medical issues. Among the options for non-pharmacological pain treatment, mind-body interventions (MBI) are a promising modality to help Black individuals manage their chronic pain effectively. MBIs such as mindfulness meditation improve chronic pain and chronic pain-related outcomes by shifting the individual's perception of pain away from stress-related cognitive appraisals, emotional reactions, and behaviors. MBIs may also address disparities in chronic pain outcomes between Black and White individuals because of their contextual overlap with (1) centering and contemplative prayer, (2) racial empowerment, and (3) social support. Despite this overlap, the demand for MBIs among Black individuals has generally been low due to lingering access and acceptability barriers. To reduce these barriers for Black individuals with chronic pain, we must adopt a community-engaged approach and culturally adapt MBIs for the specific historic, environmental, financial, and psychosocial needs of Black individuals. Example adaptations include increasing Black representation among MBI instructors, reducing geographical access barriers, accommodating the financial and personal realities of Black adults, and explicitly allowing relevant attitudes, practices, and terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony V Pham
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Michael Kincade
- Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center
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Schmitz JM, Stotts AL, Vujanovic AA, Yoon JH, Webber HE, Lane SD, Weaver MF, Vincent J, Suchting R, Green CE. Contingency management plus acceptance and commitment therapy for initial cocaine abstinence: Results of a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART). Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 256:111078. [PMID: 38309089 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study tested an adaptive intervention for optimizing abstinence outcomes over phases of treatment for cocaine use disorder using a SMART design. Phase 1 assessed whether 4 weeks of contingency management (CM) improved response with the addition of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Phase 2 assessed pharmacological augmentation with modafinil (MOD) vs. placebo (PLA) for individuals not achieving abstinence during Phase 1. METHOD For Phase 1 of treatment, participants (N=118) were randomly allocated to ACT+CM or Drug Counseling (DC+CM), the comparison condition. At week 4, treatment response was defined as the submission of six consecutive cocaine-negative urine drug screens (UDS). Phase 1 non-responders were re-randomized to MOD or PLA as adjunct to their initial treatment. Phase 1 responders continued receiving their initial treatment. Primary outcomes included response rate and proportion of cocaine-negative UDS for Phase 1 and 2. Analyses used Bayesian inference with 80% pre-specified as the posterior probability (PP) threshold constituting moderate evidence that an effect exists. RESULTS Phase 1 response was higher in the ACT+CM group (24.5%) compared to the DC+CM group (17.5%; PP = 84.5%). In Phase 2, the proportion of cocaine-negative UDS among Phase 1 responders did not differ by initial treatment (PP = 61.8%) but remained higher overall compared to Phase 1 non-responders (PPs > 99%). No evidence of an effect favoring augmentation with MOD was observed. DISCUSSION Adding ACT to CM increased abstinence initiation. Initial responders were more likely to remain abstinent compared to initial non-responders, for whom modafinil was not an effective pharmacotherapy augmentation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy M Schmitz
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States.
| | - Angela L Stotts
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States; Department of Family and Community Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States
| | - Anka A Vujanovic
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, United States
| | - Jin H Yoon
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States
| | - Heather E Webber
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States
| | - Scott D Lane
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States
| | - Michael F Weaver
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States
| | - Jessica Vincent
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States
| | - Robert Suchting
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States
| | - Charles E Green
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States; UTHealth Center for Clinical Research & Evidence-Based Medicine, United States
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Arthur KC, Mendez Sanchez A, Tamayo Montero A, Delgado P, Rosas Ramos O, Orlich F, Desai AD. Identifying adaptations for a mindfulness program for Spanish-speaking mothers of children with chronic conditions or disabilities. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2024; 39:68-83. [PMID: 38183268 PMCID: PMC10805378 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Mothers of children with chronic conditions or disabilities have benefited from mindfulness programs, yet culturally relevant mindfulness programs for Spanish-speaking mothers are lacking. We aimed to explore how this population experienced a peer-led mindfulness program to inform adaptations. Sixteen mothers attended a 6-week program and completed semi-structured interviews. Using a realist evaluation framework, we explored relationships between participants' context, the program's mechanisms and outcomes. Our thematic analysis found that four contextual factors-faith, self-concept as a woman and mother, trauma, and level of social support-influenced how participants experienced the mechanisms. Mechanisms included having positive experiences when trying practices, engaging in self-reflection, and sharing life experiences and learning in community. The mechanisms led to four outcomes: emotion regulation, savoring daily life experiences, empowerment to practice self-care and common humanity. Faith was an important enabling factor because participants had positive experiences when integrating their faith with program content. Future research should examine adaptations that invite participants to explore this synergy. Self-reflection should also be emphasized because it increased motivation to use practices and helped address barriers to engagement. Because the four contextual factors apply to many Spanish-speaking immigrants, these adaptations could enhance mindfulness programs for this population more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly C Arthur
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Avenue, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Araceli Mendez Sanchez
- Seattle Children’s Odessa Brown Children’s Clinic, 3939 S Othello St., Suite 101, Seattle, WA 98118, USA
| | - Angie Tamayo Montero
- Seattle Children’s Odessa Brown Children’s Clinic, 3939 S Othello St., Suite 101, Seattle, WA 98118, USA
| | - Patricia Delgado
- The Arc of King County, 660 SW 39th St #205, Renton, WA 98057, USA
| | | | - Felice Orlich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356560, Seattle, WA 98195-6560, USA
| | - Arti D Desai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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Cardona ND, Ametaj AA, Cassiello-Robbins C, Tirpak JW, Olesnycky O, Sauer-Zavala S, Farchione TJ, Barlow DH. Outcomes of People of Color in an Efficacy Trial of Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments for Anxiety, Depression, and Related Disorders: Preliminary Evidence. J Nerv Ment Dis 2023; 211:711-720. [PMID: 37432031 PMCID: PMC10524474 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Although evidence-based psychological treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have strong empirical support for reducing anxiety and depression symptoms, CBT outcome research often does not report race and ethnicity variables, or assess how well CBT works for people from historically excluded racial and ethnic groups. This study presents post hoc analyses comparing treatment retention and symptom outcomes for participants of color ( n = 43) and White participants ( n = 136) from a randomized controlled efficacy trial of CBT. χ 2 tests and one-way ANCOVA showed no observable differences between the two samples on attrition or on clinician-rated measures of anxiety and depression at posttreatment and follow-up. Moderate to large within-group effect sizes on anxiety and depression were found for Black, Latinx, and Asian American participants at almost all time points. These preliminary findings suggest that CBT for anxiety and comorbid depression may be efficacious for Black, Asian American, and Latinx individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Cardona
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amantia A Ametaj
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Olenka Olesnycky
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York
| | | | - Todd J Farchione
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David H Barlow
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Browning ME, Lloyd-Richardson EE, Satterfield SL, Trisal AV. A pilot study of experiencing racial microaggressions, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and the role of psychological flexibility. Behav Cogn Psychother 2023; 51:396-413. [PMID: 37226518 DOI: 10.1017/s1352465823000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experiencing racial microaggressions has clear effects on physical and psychological health, including obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms (OCS). More research is needed to examine this link. Psychological flexibility is an important process to examine in this work. AIMS This study aimed to examine if, while controlling for depression and anxiety, experiences of microaggressions and psychological flexibility helped explain OCD symptoms within a university-affiliated sample (undergraduate, graduate and law students). This was a pilot exploration of the relationships across themes. METHOD Initial baseline data from a longitudinal study of psychological flexibility, OCD symptoms, depression, anxiety and experience of microaggressions was utilized. Correlations and regressions were utilized to examine which OCD symptom dimensions were associated with experiencing racial microaggressions in addition to anxiety and depression, and the added role of psychological flexibility was examined. RESULTS OCD symptoms, experiences of microaggressions and psychological flexibility were correlated. Experiences of racial microaggressions explained responsibility for harm and contamination OCD symptoms above and beyond psychological distress. Exploratory results support the relevance of psychological flexibility. CONCLUSION Results support other work that experiences of racial microaggressions help explain OCS and they add some support for psychological flexibility as a relevant risk or protective factor for mental health in marginalized populations. These topics should be studied longitudinally with continued consideration of all OCD themes, larger sample sizes, intersecting identities, clinical samples, and continued exploration of psychological flexibility and mindfulness and values-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E Browning
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA02747, USA
| | | | - Sidney L Satterfield
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA02747, USA
| | - Akshay V Trisal
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA02747, USA
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Alo O, Arslan A, Tian AY, Pereira V. Exploring the limits of mindfulness during the COVID-19 pandemic: qualitative evidence from African context. JOURNAL OF MANAGERIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/jmp-03-2022-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
PurposeThis paper is one of the first studies to examine specificities, including limits of mindfulness at work in an African organisational context, whilst dealing with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. It specifically addresses the role of organisational and managerial support systems in restoring employee wellbeing, social connectedness and attachment to their organisations, in order to overcome the exclusion caused by the ongoing pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a qualitative research methodology that includes interviews as the main data source. The sample comprises of 20 entrepreneurs (organisational leaders) from Ghana and Nigeria.FindingsThe authors found that COVID-19-induced worries restricted the practice of mindfulness, and this was prevalent at the peak of the pandemic, particularly due to very tough economic conditions caused by reduction in salaries, and intensified by pre-existing general economic and social insecurities, and institutional voids in Africa. This aspect further resulted in lack of engagement and lack of commitment, which affected overall team performance and restricted employees’ mindfulness at work. Hence, quietness by employees even though can be linked to mindfulness was linked to larger psychological stress that they were facing. The authors also found leaders/manager’s emotional intelligence, social skills and organisational support systems to be helpful in such circumstances. However, their effectiveness varied among the cases.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the first studies to establish a link between the COVID-19 pandemic and mindfulness limitations. Moreover, it is a pioneering study specifically highlighting the damaging impact of COVID-19-induced concerns on leader–member exchange (LMX) and team–member exchange (TMX) relationships, particularly in the African context. It further brings in a unique discussion on the mitigating mechanisms of such COVID-19-induced concerns in organisations and highlights the roles of manager’s/leader’s emotional intelligence, social skills and supportive intervention patterns. Finally, the authors offer an in-depth assessment of the effectiveness of organisational interventions and supportive relational systems in restoring social connectedness following a social exclusion caused by COVID-19-induced worries.
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Musanje K, Camlin CS, Kamya MR, Vanderplasschen W, Louise Sinclair D, Getahun M, Kirabo H, Nangendo J, Kiweewa J, White RG, Kasujja R. Culturally adapting a mindfulness and acceptance-based intervention to support the mental health of adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in Uganda. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001605. [PMID: 36963093 PMCID: PMC10021405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The dual burden of living with HIV and negotiating life stage changes has been identified as a contributing factor to lapsed adherence among adolescents with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. While psychosocial support can promote medication adherence, most interventions in use with adolescents were originally developed for the general population creating a gap in appropriate support. Life-stage-appropriate, evidence-based psychosocial support interventions have been used with young people in high-income contexts, prompting interest in their use in low-income contexts. However, many interventions are less effective when implemented outside of their original settings, hence the need for modifications before implementation. We aimed to culturally adapt an evidence-based psychosocial support intervention designed to improve the mental health of young people for use among adolescents with HIV in a sub-Saharan African context and to explore the acceptability of the adapted intervention among adolescents. We engaged thirty stakeholders (n = 30) in Kampala, Uganda including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, HIV counselors, religious leaders and adolescent peers from December 2021 to April 2022 to modify an evidence-based intervention for adolescents. Key adaptations included simplifying the language, adding local practices, integrating locally relevant slang and stories into therapy, introducing racially-congruent visuals and cards representing emotions, and adjusting therapy materials for use in resource-constrained settings. We then tested the acceptability of the intervention in a small sample of service users using a qualitative approach. We recruited nine adolescents with HIV from a participating clinic in Kampala, delivered six 90-minute sessions of the adapted intervention across three weeks and conducted in-depth interviews to assess the acceptability of the intervention. We used thematic analysis to analyze the qualitative data. The adapted intervention was perceived as acceptable among adolescents with HIV, with many stating that it helped them overcome fears, increased their self-acceptance, and gave them the confidence to make careful health-enhancing decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khamisi Musanje
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Educational, Social and Organizational Psychology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Carol S. Camlin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Moses R. Kamya
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Monica Getahun
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Hope Kirabo
- Department of Mental Health and Community Psychology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joan Nangendo
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Kiweewa
- Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ross G. White
- School of Psychology, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Rosco Kasujja
- Department of Mental Health and Community Psychology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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13
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Cultural adaptation of ACT to support caregivers of autistic Latino children: A pilot study. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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14
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Burnett-Zeigler I, Zhou E, Martinez JH, Zumpf K, Lartey L, Moskowitz JT, Wisner KL, McDade T, Brown CH, Gollan J, Ciolino JD, Schauer JM, Petito LC. Comparative effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention (M-Body) on depressive symptoms: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial in a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC). Trials 2023; 24:115. [PMID: 36803835 PMCID: PMC9936464 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-07012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to improve psychological outcomes including stress, anxiety, and depression in general population studies. However, effectiveness has not been sufficiently examined in racially and ethnically diverse community-based settings. We will evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of a mindfulness-based intervention on depressive symptoms among predominantly Black women at a Federally Qualified Health Center in a metropolitan city. METHODS In this 2-armed, stratified, individually randomized group-treated controlled trial, 274 English-speaking participants with depressive symptoms ages 18-65 years old will be randomly assigned to (1) eight weekly, 90-min group sessions of a mindfulness-based intervention (M-Body), or (2) enhanced usual care. Exclusion criteria include suicidal ideation in 30 days prior to enrollment and regular (>4x/week) meditation practice. Study metrics will be assessed at baseline and 2, 4, and 6 months after baseline, through clinical interviews, self-report surveys, and stress biomarker data including blood pressure, heart rate, and stress related biomarkers. The primary study outcome is depressive symptom score after 6 months. DISCUSSION If M-Body is found to be an effective intervention for adults with depressive symptoms, this accessible, scalable treatment will widely increase access to mental health treatment in underserved, racial/ethnic minority communities. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03620721. Registered on 8 August 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Burnett-Zeigler
- Asher Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair St, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Elayne Zhou
- Asher Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair St, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Jennifer H. Martinez
- Asher Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair St, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Katelyn Zumpf
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Lynette Lartey
- Asher Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair St, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Judith T. Moskowitz
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Katherine L. Wisner
- Asher Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair St, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Thomas McDade
- Department of Anthropology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - C. Hendricks Brown
- Asher Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair St, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Jacqueline Gollan
- Asher Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair St, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Jody D. Ciolino
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Jacob M. Schauer
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Lucia C. Petito
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
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Xiong Y, Prasath PR, Zhang Q, Jeon L, Pillay Y. A Phenomenological Study of Group Facilitators’ Experiences: A Mindfulness-based Wellbeing Group for International Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN GROUP WORK 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/01933922.2022.2158971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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16
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Burns MF, Secinti E, Johns SA, Wu W, Helft PR, Turk AA, Loehrer PJ, Sehdev A, Al-Hader AA, Mosher CE. Impact of acceptance and commitment therapy on physical and psychological symptoms in advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients and caregivers: Secondary results of a pilot randomized trial. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2023; 27:107-115. [PMID: 37064761 PMCID: PMC10100868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer often experience high symptom burden, which is associated with heightened distress in both patients and their family caregivers. Few interventions have been tested to jointly address patient and caregiver symptoms in advanced gastrointestinal cancer. In a randomized pilot trial, telephone-based, dyadic acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) was found to be feasible in this population. The present secondary analyses examined the impact of this intervention on patient and caregiver physical and psychological symptoms. Patients and caregivers (N = 40 dyads) were recruited from clinics in Indianapolis, Indiana and randomized to either six weeks of telephone-based ACT or education/support, an attention control condition. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and at 2 weeks and 3 months post-intervention. Study group differences in outcomes were not statistically significant. However, when examining within-group change, only ACT patients experienced moderate reductions in pain severity and interference at 2 weeks post-intervention (effect size [ES]=-0.47; -0.51) as well as moderate reductions in depressive symptoms at 2 weeks (ES=-0.42) and 3 months (ES=-0.41) post-intervention. ACT caregivers experienced moderate reductions in sleep disturbance (ES=-0.56; -0.49) and cognitive concerns (ES=-0.61; -0.85) across follow-ups. Additionally, caregivers in both conditions experienced moderate reductions in fatigue (ES=-0.38 to -0.70) and anxiety (ES=-0.40 to -0.49) across follow-ups. Findings suggest that ACT may improve certain symptoms in dyads coping with advanced gastrointestinal cancer and warrant replication in a larger trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia F. Burns
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ekin Secinti
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Shelley A. Johns
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Center for Health Services Research, Regenstrief Institute, 1101 W. 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Paul R. Helft
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana Cancer Pavilion, 535 Barnhill Drive, Suite 473, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Anita A. Turk
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana Cancer Pavilion, 535 Barnhill Drive, Suite 473, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Patrick J. Loehrer
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana Cancer Pavilion, 535 Barnhill Drive, Suite 473, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Amikar Sehdev
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana Cancer Pavilion, 535 Barnhill Drive, Suite 473, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ahmad A. Al-Hader
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana Cancer Pavilion, 535 Barnhill Drive, Suite 473, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Catherine E. Mosher
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Gutierrez Chavez M, Kaur K, Baucom KJW, Sanchez-Birkhead A, Sunada GR, Mukundente V, Tavake-Pasi F, Napia EE, Villalta J, Asnaani A. Developing an equitable intervention approach for communities of color: mental health and co-occurring physical health concerns in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Transl Behav Med 2022; 12:919-926. [DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated disparities in mental health treatment for people of color in the USA. Meeting the needs of those most burdened by this disparity will require swift and tactical action in partnership with these communities. The purpose of this paper is to describe how a community-based participatory research approach was employed to assess the priorities and needs of four communities of color (African immigrant, Hispanic/Latino, Black/African American, and Pacific Islander) in a major U.S. city. A brief quantitative survey devised jointly by community leaders and the research team was deployed to community members (N = 59) in the fall of 2020. The most endorsed mental health issues across the communities were excessive worry (51%) and stress regarding COVID-19, racism, and immigration policies (49%). The most endorsed physical health concerns included sleep difficulties (44%), headaches, and backaches (each 39%). Physical symptoms predicted the endorsement of a mental health issue above and beyond COVID-19–related hardships, multiplying the odds of reporting an issue by 1.73 per physical health concern endorsed. Based on these findings, the community-research team conceptualized and proposed an evidence-based, effectiveness-implementation hybrid type-2 intervention approach for chronic worry and daily stress. This paper highlights detail on how the community-research team arrived at the proposed multilevel intervention that addresses community-stated barriers to mental health treatment (e.g., preferring trusted health workers to deliver emotional health treatments) and considers the burden of the additional stressful context of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiran Kaur
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112 , USA
| | | | - Ana Sanchez-Birkhead
- College of Nursing, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112 , USA
- Community Faces of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84133 , USA
- Hispanic Healthcare Task Force , Salt Lake City, UT 84108 , USA
| | - Grant R Sunada
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112 , USA
| | - Valentine Mukundente
- Community Faces of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84133 , USA
- Best of Africa , Salt Lake City, UT 84133 , USA
| | - Fahina Tavake-Pasi
- Community Faces of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84133 , USA
- National Tongan American Society , Murray, UT 84107 , USA
| | - Edwin Eru Napia
- Community Faces of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84133 , USA
- Sacred Circle Healthcare , Salt Lake City, UT 84111 , USA
| | - Jeannette Villalta
- Community Faces of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84133 , USA
- Hispanic Healthcare Task Force , Salt Lake City, UT 84108 , USA
| | - Anu Asnaani
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112 , USA
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Kaur K, Chavez MG, Tacana T, Sanchez-Birkhead A, Mukundente V, Napia EE, Tavake-Pasi F, Villalta J, Lee D, Sunada G, Stark L, Crowell SE, Asnaani A. Applying best practices for health disparities work to create a treatment adaptation framework for culturally diverse communities: A mixed-methods approach. J Consult Clin Psychol 2022; 90:734-746. [PMID: 36355648 PMCID: PMC9747246 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Integrating best practices for health disparities to adapt evidence-based treatments is imperative to adequately meet the needs of diverse cultures, particularly ones that therapists can apply flexibility across multiple diverse communities. METHOD Using a mixed-methods, community-engaged approach, we examined how a range of community participants (N = 169) defined mental health, perceived barriers to treatment, and used culturally based coping methods to manage their mental health. Phase 1 (n = 49) included qualitative focus group data from five distinct racial/ethnic communities (African immigrants/refugees, Black/African Americans, Hispanics, Pacific Islanders, and American Indians). Phase 2 included quantitative surveys from members of four of these communities (n = 59) and the frontline providers serving them (n = 61). RESULTS The communities and providers highlighted chronic worry and distress related to daily activities as primary treatment concerns. Further, this mixed-methods data informed our proposed best practice treatment adaptation framework using chronic worry as an example. CONCLUSION The main aims of this study were to exemplify best practices for addressing mental health inequities in communities of color in terms of (a) conducting health disparities research and (b) applying a treatment adaptation framework for culturally responsive clinical care. Specific features of how this framework was conceived and applied provide a unique and critical view into integrating best practices to address health disparities in diverse communities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kaur
- University of Utah, Department of Psychology
| | | | | | - Ana Sanchez-Birkhead
- University of Utah, College of Nursing
- Community Faces of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Hispanic Healthcare Task Force
| | | | - Edwin Eru Napia
- Community Faces of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Sacred Circle Healthcare
| | - Fahina Tavake-Pasi
- Community Faces of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- National Tongan American Society
| | - Jeannette Villalta
- Community Faces of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Hispanic Healthcare Task Force
| | - Doriena Lee
- Community Faces of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Calvary Baptist Church
| | - Grant Sunada
- University of Utah, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine
| | - Louisa Stark
- Community Faces of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Utah Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Collaboration and Engagement Team
| | - Sheila E. Crowell
- University of Utah, Department of Psychology
- University of Utah, Department of Psychiatry
- University of Utah, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Anu Asnaani
- University of Utah, Department of Psychology
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A call for ACTion: A systematic review of empirical evidence for the use of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) with LGBTQI+ individuals. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Kumar SA, Brockdorf AN, Jaffe AE, Church HR, Messman TL, DiLillo D. Mindful Awareness Promotes Resilience: Buffered Links Among Childhood Sexual Abuse Severity, Goal-Directed Emotion Dysregulation, and Psychopathology. Mindfulness (N Y) 2022; 13:993-1006. [PMID: 36185759 PMCID: PMC9518717 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-01854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Childhood sexual abuse is linked to long-term consequences, including depression and anxiety in adulthood. Although considerable progress has been made to understand mechanisms that may account for this relation, such as emotion dysregulation, less attention has been given to protective factors that may mitigate it. One such protective factor might be mindful awareness. Those who act with awareness in daily living tend to engage in healthy emotion regulation skills when faced with stressors and experience less depression and anxiety. In the current study, we aimed to replicate the positive associations among childhood sexual abuse severity, emotion dysregulation, and psychopathology across time, and also identify a personal strength-in this case, mindful awareness-that might mitigate these effects. Methods Participants were 491 women recruited from the community who completed self-report assessments at three time points over a 32-month period. Results A series of moderated mediation models revealed childhood sexual abuse severity predicted later reports of depression and anxiety symptoms through greater emotion dysregulation in the form of difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors. As expected, mindful awareness weakened the relation between goal-directed emotion dysregulation and symptoms of depression and anxiety, such that greater levels of mindful awareness fully buffered these effects. Conclusions Through a better understanding of natural resiliency processes among survivors, we can ultimately encourage continued examination of what might be effective additions to existing treatments for the mental health consequences of trauma and adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaina A. Kumar
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588
| | - Alexandra N. Brockdorf
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588
| | - Anna E. Jaffe
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588
| | - Haley R. Church
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588
| | - Terri L. Messman
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, 90 North Patterson Avenue, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - David DiLillo
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588
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21
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West TN, Zhou J, Brantley MM, Kim SL, Brantley J, Salzberg S, Cole SW, Fredrickson BL. Effect of Mindfulness Versus Loving-kindness Training on Leukocyte Gene Expression in Midlife Adults Raised in Low-Socioeconomic Status Households. Mindfulness (N Y) 2022; 13:1185-1196. [PMID: 36278141 PMCID: PMC9585929 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-01857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives People raised in low socio-economic status (SES) households are at an increased risk for physical illness in adulthood. A shift in gene expression profiles in the immune system is one biological mechanism thought to account for elevated disease susceptibility, with a frequently-investigated profile being the conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA), characterized by increased expression of proinflammatory genes and decreased expression of antiviral and antibody-related genes. Methods The present study investigated, in a sample of at-risk midlife adults (N = 88), whether those randomized to learn loving-kindness meditation (LKM) in a 6-week workshop, would show a reduction in CTRA gene expression, compared to those randomized to learn mindfulness meditation (MM). We assessed emotions daily and hypothesized positive emotions to account for the expected effect of LKM on gene expression. Results Results showed significant group differences from pre- to post-intervention, yet in the opposite direction as hypothesized: Participants randomized to the MM group showed significant declines in CTRA gene expression, whereas those in the LKM group showed significant increases in CTRA gene expression. Both groups showed increases over the 6 weeks in daily reports of positive emotions, b=.007, p <.001 alongside decreases in negative emotions b=-.005, p <.001. Thus, positive emotions were not pursued as a candidate mediator of observed group effects. Conclusion This study is the first to examine whether the biological impact of childhood low-SES can be reversed in mid-life through meditation interventions. Results suggest mindfulness meditation may be a viable option for improving health outcomes in this at-risk population. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02400593.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor N. West
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #3270, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jieni Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #3270, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | - Sumi L. Kim
- Chaplain’s Office, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey Brantley
- Duke Integrative Medicine, Duke University, Durham , NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Steve W. Cole
- Department of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Barbara L. Fredrickson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #3270, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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22
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Xiong Y, Prasath PR, Zhang Q, Jeon L. A mindfulness‐based well‐being group for international students in higher education: A pilot study. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Xiong
- School of Education Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Priscilla Rose Prasath
- College of Education and Human Development University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio Texas USA
| | - Qiyang Zhang
- School of Education Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Lieny Jeon
- School of Education Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
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23
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Felver JC, Clawson AJ, Ash TL, Martens BK, Wang Q, Singh NN. Meta-Analysis of Mindfulness-Based Program Soles of the Feet for Disruptive Behaviors. Behav Modif 2022; 46:1488-1516. [PMID: 35112575 DOI: 10.1177/01454455211073738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based programs are a promising intervention modality for reducing disruptive behavior, and Soles of the Feet (SOF) is one program that teaches internal awareness of personal events (e.g., unpleasant emotions) and a self-regulation strategy to decrease disruptive behaviors. This study conducted a meta-analysis of single-case research design (SCRD) studies that implemented SOF to decrease disruptive behaviors. Existing SOF studies were evaluated using high-quality SCRD standards, resulting in 15 studies included in the analysis (49 participants; mean age 23.12 years (SD = 15.87); highly heterogeneous backgrounds). Studies were analyzed to calculate effect sizes using Tau-U, an innovative non-parametric statistical approach for estimating effect sizes in SCRD studies. The aggregated weighted Tau-U effect size of SOF across all studies was -0.87. Moderator analyses indicated SOF's effectiveness was robust across participant characteristics and delivery formats. This meta-analysis suggests that SOF is a moderately effective evidence-based practice for reducing disruptive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Felver
- Syracuse University, NY, USA.,SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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24
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Schroder HS, Patterson EH, Hirshbein L. Treatment-resistant depression reconsidered. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
Objectives Racism-related stress is associated with significant mental health costs, necessitating the development of coping strategies to mitigate the negative sequelae. Mindfulness and valued living (MVL)-based strategies may be uniquely beneficial in addressing the negative effects of racism-related stress for people of color (POC) by decreasing internalized messages, while increasing self-compassion, coping flexibility, and engagement in values-based actions. It is imperative that clinicians applying or recommending MVL strategies to POC for coping with racism-related stress understand the complex nature of racism and, given that complexity, consider how MVL may need to be adapted to be effective. This paper offers guidance to clinicians seeking to use MVL strategies with clients of color to cope with racism-related stress. Methods We provide a brief contextual literature review on the nature of racism, mental health impacts of racism-related stress for POC, and selected models of coping with racism-related stress. We also review existing mindfulness literature in relation to coping with racism-related stress, while offering considerations for adapting MVL strategies specifically for coping with racism-related stress. Results Altogether, the research points to the promise of MVL strategies as beneficial interventions for coping with racism-related stress, although more research is warranted. We recommend that clinicians consider the suggestions outlined to present MVL strategies to clients in culturally responsive, validating ways. Conclusions Further research is needed to evaluate links between MVL strategies and mental health, and to evaluate whether discrimination-specific adaptations are beneficial in mitigating the mental health impacts of racism-related stress.
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Ramos G, Aguilera A, Montoya A, Lau A, Wen CY, Cruz Torres V, Chavira D. App-Based Mindfulness Meditation for People of Color Who Experience Race-Related Stress: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 11:e35196. [PMID: 35436228 PMCID: PMC9052031 DOI: 10.2196/35196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People of color (POC) who experience race-related stress are at risk of developing mental health problems, including high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Mindfulness meditation may be especially well suited to help POC cope, given its emphasis on gaining awareness and acceptance of emotions associated with discriminatory treatment. However, mindfulness meditation rarely reaches POC, and digital approaches could reduce this treatment gap by addressing traditional barriers to care. Objective This study will test the effectiveness of a self-directed app-based mindfulness meditation program among POC who experience elevated levels of race-related stress. Implementation outcomes such as treatment acceptability, adherence, and satisfaction will be examined. Methods Participants (n=80) will be recruited online by posting recruitment materials on social media and sending emails to relevant groups. In-person recruitment will consist of posting flyers in communities with significant POC representation. Eligible participants will be block randomized to either the intervention group (n=40) that will complete a self-directed 4-week mindfulness meditation program or a wait-list control condition (n=40) that will receive access to the app after study completion. All participants will complete measures at baseline, midtreatment, and posttreatment. Primary outcomes include changes in stress, anxiety, and depression, and secondary outcomes constitute changes in mindfulness, self-compassion, rumination, emotion suppression, and experiential avoidance. Exploratory analyses will examine whether changes in the secondary outcomes mediate changes in primary outcomes. Finally, treatment acceptability, adherence, and satisfaction will be examined descriptively. Results Recruitment began in October 2021. Data will be analyzed using multilevel modeling, a statistical methodology that accounts for the dependence among repeated observations. Considering attrition issues in self-directed digital interventions and their potential effects on statistical significance and treatment effect sizes, we will examine data using both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses. Conclusions To our knowledge, this will be the first study to provide data on the effectiveness of a self-directed app-based mindfulness meditation program for POC recruited based on elevated race-related stress, a high-risk population. Similarly, meaningful clinical targets for POC affected by stressors related to race will be examined. Findings will provide important information regarding whether this type of intervention is an acceptable treatment among these marginalized groups. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05027113; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05027113 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/35196
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ramos
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Adrian Aguilera
- School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Amanda Montoya
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anna Lau
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chu Yin Wen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Denise Chavira
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Bürkle JJ, Fendel JC, Schmidt S. Mindfulness-based and acceptance-based programmes in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050329. [PMID: 34172553 PMCID: PMC8237723 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention is the recommended standard for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, a high proportion of patients refuse this treatment, do not respond or relapse shortly after treatment. Growing evidence suggests that mindfulness-based and acceptance-based programmes (MABPs) are an effective option for the treatment of OCD. This systematic review and meta-analysis will examine the effectiveness of MABPs in treating OCD. We also aimed to explore potential moderators of the programmes' effectiveness. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will systematically search MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, PSYINDEX, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (no language restrictions) for studies that evaluate the effect of MABPs on patients with OCD. We will conduct backward and forward citation searches of included studies and relevant reviews and contact corresponding authors. The primary outcome will be pre-post intervention change in symptom severity. A secondary outcome will be change in depressive symptoms. Two reviewers will independently screen the records, extract the data and rate the methodological quality of the studies. We will include both controlled and uncontrolled trials. Randomised controlled trials will be meta-analysed, separately assessing between-group effects. A second meta-analysis will assess the within-group effect of all eligible studies. We will explore moderators and sources of heterogeneity such as the specific programme, study design, changes in depressive symptoms, hours of guided treatment, control condition and prior therapy (eg, CBT) using metaregression and subgroup analyses. We will perform sensitivity analyses using follow-up data. A narrative synthesis will also be pursued. We will use the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to assess the quality of the evidence. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Caspar Fendel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schmidt
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, Freiburg, Germany
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Ghezzi EL, Funk JA, Houmanfar RA. Restructuring Law Enforcement Agencies to Support Prosocial Values: A Behavior-Scientific Model for Addressing Police Brutality. Behav Anal Pract 2021; 15:1184-1192. [PMID: 36605156 PMCID: PMC9745004 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-020-00530-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Policing in the United States is irrefutably a component of systemic racism. The history of police brutality against the Black community can be found in our amendments, laws, and cultural practices-it is an infrastructure of oppression. Though police brutality is not a new development, it has reached a fever pitch with the deaths of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor. Recent calls to defund the police put law enforcement agencies squarely, and rightly, in the spotlight of social justice movements and reform. Current issues operating within law enforcement agencies ensure the perpetuation of a system that reinforces the status quo and gives nothing back to the communities that have been victims of brutality. A philosophical restructuring of how law enforcement agencies interact with the communities they serve is paramount. The purpose of this article is to propose a behavior-scientific model aimed at both the individual and organizational levels of law enforcement agencies using elements of acceptance and commitment training and Elinor Ostrom's core design principles, called Prosocial. The Prosocial model promotes the clarification of values within organizations and the communities they serve and reinforces values-consistent action. The model therefore has the potential to be a useful tool to combat systemic racism and police brutality within law enforcement agencies. The proposed model will be discussed in the context of who created it (White academicians), who will be implementing it (law enforcement), and ultimately who should benefit from it above and beyond the cessation of police brutality and without psychological or financial cost (Black communities).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L. Ghezzi
- grid.266818.30000 0004 1936 914XBehavior Analysis Program, Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| | - Janie A. Funk
- grid.266818.30000 0004 1936 914XBehavior Analysis Program, Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| | - Ramona A. Houmanfar
- grid.266818.30000 0004 1936 914XBehavior Analysis Program, Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA
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Emelianchik-Key K, Labarta A, Glass B. Infusing Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills into Supervision to Address Challenges and Enhance Performance. JOURNAL OF CREATIVITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15401383.2020.1870599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bridget Glass
- Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
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Biggers A, Spears CA, Sanders K, Ong J, Sharp LK, Gerber BS. Promoting Mindfulness in African American Communities. Mindfulness (N Y) 2020; 11:2274-2282. [PMID: 33584869 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-020-01480-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
African Americans report higher rates of chronic stress compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Consequently, chronic stress contributes to disproportionately higher rates of poor health outcomes among African Americans. Mindfulness meditation is a well-established and studied strategy to reduce stress and potentially improve health outcomes. However, the practice of mindfulness meditation is largely underutilized in African American communities despite its potential health benefits. In this commentary, we will discuss the relevance of mindfulness interventions, limited research available, reasons for low representation, and cultural adaptations for mindfulness meditation in African American communities. We also provide additional strategies to guide future mindfulness research that target African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Biggers
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 1747 West Roosevelt Road Chicago, IL 60608
| | | | - Kimberly Sanders
- Hunter Holmes Mcguire Veterans Hospital, 1201 Broad Rock Blvd Richmond, VA 23249
| | - Jason Ong
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 710 N Lake Shore Drive Suite 1004
| | - Lisa K Sharp
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood St, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Ben S Gerber
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 1747 West Roosevelt Road Chicago, IL 60608
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Proulx J, Croff R, Hebert M, Oken B. Results of a mindfulness intervention feasibility study among elder African American women: A qualitative analysis. Complement Ther Med 2020; 52:102455. [PMID: 32951716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES . Older African Americans have a significantly higher risk than older white Americans for cognitive decline and other health problems. Much of this may be due to the unique stressors, both historically and in-the-moment, that African Americans face in contrast to whites, such as gentrification and health disparities. Gender further exacerbates this effect. This study aims to understand stressors unique to older African American women, as well as coping strengths that have emerged organically over time for use in tailoring stress-reduction mindfulness classes in this community DESIGN AND SETTING: . A four-week mindfulness training class adapted from mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) was implemented in a historically black, gentrifying neighborhood in Portland, Oregon with 10 older African American women aged 50-89. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES . Focus groups discussed stressors, coping, responses to mindfulness classes, and preferences to better reflect older African American cultural values and norms. RESULTS . Stressors reflected participants' intersectionality as older black women, including neighborhood and workplace race-based microagressions, and gentrification-related cultural and generational incongruences. Coping strategies included self-care, remembering core-self amidst stress, and drawing strength from family and faith. Participants found mindfulness classes appropriate for addressing stress and felt that classes provided a forum for connecting on issues of race and community. CONCLUSION . Tailoring classes to older African American women should consider integrating biblical teachings, African American instructors who understand socio-historical contexts of older black women's stressors and strengths, and time for group-reflection to support community building.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raina Croff
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Michelle Hebert
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Barry Oken
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Miller AN, Orsillo SM. Values, acceptance, and belongingess in graduate school: Perspectives from underrepresented minority students. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Bouw N, Huijbregts SCJ, Scholte E, Swaab H. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in Prison: Experiences of Inmates, Instructors, and Prison Staff. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2019; 63:2550-2571. [PMID: 31189428 PMCID: PMC6745607 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x19856232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness intervention aims to reduce stress and to improve physical and mental health. The present study investigated feasibility and effectiveness of mindfulness intervention in a prison context, in both a qualitative and quantitative fashion. Specifically, the mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention was investigated, in a retrospective pre-post design, in five Dutch prisons. Twenty-two inmates (out of 25 approached, mean age: 40.1 years (SD = 11.1), convicted of murder, manslaughter, sexual offenses, drug offenses, robbery with violence, and/or illegal restraint/kidnap, and sentenced to incarceration between 15 and 209 months (M = 5.5 years; SD = 3.8) took part in a semistructured interview after completion of the MBSR intervention. The interviews addressed level of satisfaction and challenges regarding the MBSR intervention as well as potential effects on stress responsivity, coping style, impulse control, aggression, and self-esteem. Ten staff members and four MBSR instructors were interviewed about their own practical issues experienced while providing or facilitating the MBSR intervention, and about the effects or changes they observed in the inmates who underwent the intervention. Both participants and instructors/prison staff reported improvements in all of the addressed domains and expressed satisfaction with the intervention. Challenges were mainly identified in practical issues regarding the organization of the intervention sessions. Future studies should investigate mindfulness in longitudinal randomly controlled designs, should strive for a multi-method approach, and distinguish inmates according to personality characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Bouw
- Leiden University, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, The
Netherlands
| | - S. C. J. Huijbregts
- Leiden University, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, The
Netherlands
| | | | - H. Swaab
- Leiden University, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, The
Netherlands
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Cultural adaptations of CBT: a summary and discussion of the Special Issue on Cultural Adaptation of CBT. COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s1754470x19000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in its current form might not be acceptable to service users from a variety of backgrounds. Therefore, it makes sense to adapt CBT when working with diverse populations. Contributors to this special issue of theCognitive Behaviour Therapisthave tackled the issues around the cultural adaptation of CBT from various perspectives, using a variety of methods, and have addressed topics ranging from cultural adaptation to improving access to CBT. Here, I briefly summarize and discuss the papers in this special issue. I start with a systematic review of CBT for social anxiety across cultures. Seven articles cover aspects of adaptation of therapies for people from different backgrounds. Three papers discuss the issues of gender and sexuality when using CBT, while another three papers focus on refugees, asylum seekers and the homeless, and two papers describe the application of CBT with religious populations. Finally, there are seven papers on issues related to service delivery, practice and training and supervision when working with a diverse population. Collectively, papers in this special issue provide us with sufficient evidence that cultural considerations play a vital role when using CBT, offer practical suggestions for improving cultural competence and most importantly, can catalyse future research. However, the full potential of culturally adapted interventions will not be realized until and unless access to CBT is improved. Therefore, there is a need to build robust evidence to convince funders, policy makers and service managers.
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Hoffman DM. Mindfulness and the cultural psychology of personhood: Challenges of self, other, and moral orientation in Haiti. CULTURE & PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1354067x18754339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mills AC, Poogpan J, Wong-Anuchit C, Rujkorakarn D. The meaning of acceptance (Thum-jai) in Thai people: Letting it go…so life goes on. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2019; 28:879-887. [PMID: 30848012 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the meaning of acceptance (Thum-jai) as a culturally embedded coping strategy in the lives of Thai people who have experienced adversity that caused suffering. Thematic analysis was used to examine the responses of 47 participants to written, open-ended questions or face-to-face interviews. The EQUATOR's COREQ checklist for qualitative research was followed. Participants came from diverse religious' traditions and geographic regions throughout Thailand. Findings revealed seven themes: circumstance and emotion; thought and action; time, experience, and effort; social and moral support; religious and spiritual ethos; acceptance and hope; and survive and thrive. The adverse circumstance is central to the concept of acceptance. Before acceptance, there is often hope; yet Thai people reach an existential point whether to accept the reality of the situation or continue in distress. Purposeful approaches to deal with the event flow from the cultural contexts of spirituality and social support. Drawing upon psychological strength, Thai people undertake purposive thought and action to facilitate redirecting their lives for better mental health. Thum-jai brings release and peace of mind. Clinicians may find that people experiencing adverse life events are best served by nondirective approaches. Acceptance and change in thoughts and behaviours may come from meditation and therapeutic mindfulness practices that allow those in Western and non-Western cultures to use their own values, expressions, and societal expectations to cope with suffering and formulate effective decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Mills
- Faculty of Nursing, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Jidapa Poogpan
- Faculty of Nursing, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
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Duarte R, Lloyd A, Kotas E, Andronis L, White R. Are acceptance and mindfulness-based interventions 'value for money'? Evidence from a systematic literature review. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 58:187-210. [PMID: 30499217 PMCID: PMC6588093 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acceptance and mindfulness-based interventions (A/MBIs) are recommended for people with mental health conditions. Although there is a growing evidence base supporting the effectiveness of different A/MBIs for mental health conditions, the economic case for these interventions has not been fully explored. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and appraise all available economic evidence of A/MBIs for the management of mental health conditions. METHODS Eight electronic bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, EMBASE, Web of Science, NHS Economic Evaluation Database (EED), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Health Technology Assessment (HTA) database, and EconLit) were searched for relevant economic evaluations published from each database's inception date until November 2017. Study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction were carried out according to published guidelines. RESULTS Ten relevant economic evaluations presented in 11 papers were identified. Seven of the included studies were full economic evaluations (i.e., costs and effects assessed), and three studies were partial economic evaluations (i.e., only costs were considered in the analysis). The A/MBIs that had been subjected to economic evaluation were acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). In terms of clinical presentations, the evaluation of cost-effectiveness of A/MBIs has been more focused on depression and emotional unstable personality disorder with three and four economic evaluations, respectively. Three out of seven full economic evaluations observed that A/MBIs were cost-effective for the management of mental health conditions. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity of included populations, interventions, and economic evaluation study types limits the extent to which firm conclusions can currently be made. CONCLUSION This first substantive review of economic evaluations of A/MBIs indicates that more research is needed before firm conclusions can be reached on the cost-effectiveness of A/MBIs for mental health conditions. PRACTITIONER POINTS The findings of the review provide information that may be relevant to mental health service commissioners and decision-makers as all economic evidence available on acceptance and mindfulness-based interventions for mental health conditions is summarized. Evidence relating to the cost-effectiveness and cost-saving potential of acceptance and mindfulness-based interventions is focused mainly on depression and emotional unstable personality disorder to date. Heterogeneity in the specific forms of acceptance and mindfulness-based interventions may limit generalizability of the findings. The number of health economic evaluations relating to acceptance and mindfulness-based interventions remains relatively small. Further research in this area is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Duarte
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation GroupUniversity of LiverpoolUK
| | | | - Eleanor Kotas
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation GroupUniversity of LiverpoolUK
| | - Lazaros Andronis
- Populations, Evidence and Technologies GroupDivision of Health SciencesUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
- Division of Clinical TrialsUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - Ross White
- School of PsychologyUniversity of LiverpoolUK
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Mohammadi MM, Parandin S. Effect of the combination of Benson's relaxation technique and brief psychoeducational intervention on multidimensional pain and negative psychological symptoms of pregnant women: A randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2019; 8:91. [PMID: 31143808 PMCID: PMC6532360 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_286_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy is associated with negative psychological symptoms (NPS) and multidimensional pain. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of the combination of Benson's relaxation technique (BRT) and brief psychoeducational intervention (BPI) on multidimensional pain and NPS of pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present randomized clinical trial was conducted on pregnant women referred to Imam Reza and Motazedi Hospitals in Kermanshah, Iran. In this regard, 60 pregnant women were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. The groups attended BRT and BPI educational sessions for 4 weeks, but the control group received no intervention. Subsequently, both groups completed Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 and multidimensional pain inventory. RESULTS The mean NPS (stress, anxiety, and depression) was significantly decreased in the intervention group (P < 0.001), while no statistically significant differences were observed in the control group (P > 0.05). The independent t-test revealed a significant difference between the mean scores of intervention and control groups (P < 0.001). The mean multidimensional pain was significantly decreased in mothers after the completion of educational sessions (P < 0.001), and the independent t-test results indicated a significant difference between the scores of the intervention and control groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggested that the combination of BRT and BPI can lead to a reduction in the NPS and multidimensional pain in the pregnant women. This intervention is recommended to be considered as part of a healthcare program in pregnant mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shima Parandin
- Department of Psychology, Eslamabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Eslamabad-e Gharb, Iran
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Burnett-Zeigler I, Satyshur MD, Hong S, Wisner KL, Moskowitz J. Acceptability of a mindfulness intervention for depressive symptoms among African-American women in a community health center: A qualitative study. Complement Ther Med 2019; 45:19-24. [PMID: 31331559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study we examined the acceptability and feasibility of a mindfulness based group intervention for socio-economically disadvantaged women in an urban community health center (M-Body). METHOD Women ages 18-65 with depressive symptoms who participated in an 8-week mindfulness based group intervention were invited to attend follow up focus groups about their experience. Inductive content analysis was used to identify themes from transcripts. RESULTS All participants were African-American (N = 27). Participants had limited past experience with mindfulness. They reported benefits included anger management, increased control of thoughts, emotions and behaviors, enhanced awareness/focus and feeling calm and relaxed. Barriers to session attendance included transportation, employment, family responsibilities and child care. Participants suggested modifications such as providing the audio in multiple formats, increasing time spent doing yoga, modifying yoga postures and providing an orientation session. They stated that the content and delivery format of the group was acceptable. DISCUSSION The mindfulness based intervention for depression was acceptable, reduced stress and improved coping and functioning among women in a community health center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Burnett-Zeigler
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Maureen D Satyshur
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sunghyun Hong
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Katherine L Wisner
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Judith Moskowitz
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, United States
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Shand F, Mackinnon A, O'Moore K, Ridani R, Reda B, Hoy M, Heard T, Duffy L, Shanahan M, Pulver LJ, Christensen H. The iBobbly Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander app project: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:198. [PMID: 30953556 PMCID: PMC6451212 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide amongst Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities occurs at twice the rate of the general population and, with significant barriers to treatment, help-seeking prior to a suicide attempt is low. This trial aims to test the effectiveness of an app (iBobbly) designed with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people for reducing suicidal ideation. Methods/design This is a two-arm randomised controlled trial that will compare iBobbly to a wait-list control condition. The trial aims to recruit Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participants aged 16 years and over to test iBobbly, which is a self-help app delivering content based on acceptance and commitment therapy. The primary outcome for the study is suicidal ideation, and secondary outcomes include depression, hopelessness, distress tolerance, perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belonging, and help-seeking intentions. Data will be collected for both groups at baseline, post-intervention (after 6 weeks of app use), and at 6 months post-baseline (with a final 12-month follow-up for the iBobbly group). Primary analysis will compare changes in suicidal ideation for the intervention condition relative to the wait-list control condition using mixed models. An examination of the cost-effectiveness of the intervention compared to the control condition will be conducted. Discussion If effective, iBobbly could overcome many barriers to help-seeking amongst a group of people who are at increased risk of suicide. It may provide a low-cost, accessible intervention that can reach more people. This trial will add to a sparse literature on indigenous suicide prevention and will increase our knowledge about the effectiveness of e-health interventions for suicide prevention. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12614000686606. Registered on 30 June 2014. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3262-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Shand
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
| | - Andrew Mackinnon
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Kathleen O'Moore
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ridani
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Bill Reda
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Mel Hoy
- Alive & Kicking Goals!, Broome, Australia
| | - Todd Heard
- Hunter New England Local Health District, Wiyiliin ta CAMHS, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Luke Duffy
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Marian Shanahan
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Helen Christensen
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
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Miller KL, Re Cruz A, Ala’i-Rosales S. Inherent Tensions and Possibilities: Behavior Analysis and Cultural Responsiveness. BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL ISSUES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42822-019-00010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mindfulness-based interventions for addictions among diverse and underserved populations. Curr Opin Psychol 2019; 30:11-16. [PMID: 30682663 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) show strong promise for treating addictions, but there is much work to be done to ensure that they are culturally appropriate, accessible, and optimally effective for priority populations who could potentially have the most to gain. This article briefly highlights research on MBIs for addictions among diverse and underserved populations and proposes next steps for increasing their potential to target addiction-related health disparities. Future directions include: 1) Prioritize diversity in clinical trials and conduct appropriately powered moderation analyses; 2) Consider treatment adaptations; 3) Examine underlying mechanisms to optimize MBIs for specific populations; 4) Improve implementation in community-based and other appropriate settings; and 5) Consider use of technology to provide just-in-time support and increase scalability for diverse populations.
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Exploring the cultural flexibility of the ACT model as an effective therapeutic group intervention for Turkish speaking communities in East London. COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s1754470x18000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThis study describes a successful community-based partnership project between statutory and third-sector services in East London; The City and Hackney Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) Access Service [East London NHS Foundation Trust (ELFT)] collaborated with Derman, a local community organization supporting the well-being of Turkish-speaking communities, to explore the cultural adaptability of an empirically supported, third-wave cognitive behavioural intervention, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The aim was to develop a culturally acceptable group that was responsive to the therapeutic needs of participants from Turkish-speaking communities. The study implemented a mixed-method analysis with a one group pre/post-test design to examine the effectiveness of a 7-session culturally adapted ACT group intervention and a descriptive approach was implemented to assess usefulness, relevance and acceptability. Results demonstrated an overall positive effect of the culturally adapted ACT intervention in terms of both symptoms and patient-reported outcomes. Participants showed significant improvements on measures of depression (p = 0.014), anxiety (p = 0.041) and psychological distress (p = 0.003). The magnitude of these changes was categorized as large, with effect sizes from 0.90 to 2.03. Qualitative responses indicated that the group was experienced as enjoyable and useful and was considered to be an accessible and acceptable therapeutic format. Although a pilot within clinical practice, the findings provide preliminary support for the clinical utility of ACT as an effective, culturally acceptable therapeutic approach for Turkish-speaking communities living in an urban UK setting. The study highlights the importance of culturally appropriate service development and a need for further research within this area.
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Tuomisto MT, Roche JE. Beyond PTSD and Fear-Based Conditioning: Anger-Related Responses Following Experiences of Forced Migration-A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2592. [PMID: 30619002 PMCID: PMC6306035 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Experiences of forced migration include traumas that are interpersonal in nature, as well as ongoing emotional responses, stress, and frustration in post-migration setti ngs. Open questions exist, regarding anger/anger-like responses following experiences of persecution and ongoing stress. The aim of this study was to explore the adaptive and maladaptive underlying mechanisms of anger/anger-like responses, cultural, linguistic, and social contingencies, and possible interventions for problematic anger behavior. Method: We searched two databases (PsycINFO and PILOTS) with the following search terms: (refugee OR "asylum seek*" OR IDP OR "internal* displac*" OR "forced migra*" OR "involuntary migra*") AND anger. Findings: This search yielded 34 studies that were included in the final review. Although, anger is a moral, adaptive, and prosocial response, dysfunctional anger/anger-like responses arise from PTSD, "moral injury," complicated grief, and independent forms of anger behavior. Cultural, linguistic, and social issues also emerged from the search. Finally, considerations for treatment and intervention are discussed. Discussion: Anger responses following experiences of forced migration may require assessment beyond PTSD models currently framed by DSM and ICD. A very promising framework is the Adaptation and Development after Persecution and Trauma (ADAPT) model. Implications: Further longitudinal and epidemiological research will be necessary to continue testing the ADAPT model and to begin the process of assessing its cross-cultural coherence in other refugee populations (e.g., see Hinton et al., 2003). As anger behavior is also a societal issue, avenues for reconciliation, expression of grievances, employment, civic participation, and integration are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martti T. Tuomisto
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Psychology), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jane E. Roche
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Wielgosz J, Goldberg SB, Kral TRA, Dunne JD, Davidson RJ. Mindfulness Meditation and Psychopathology. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2018; 15:285-316. [PMID: 30525995 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness meditation is increasingly incorporated into mental health interventions, and theoretical concepts associated with it have influenced basic research on psychopathology. Here, we review the current understanding of mindfulness meditation through the lens of clinical neuroscience, outlining the core capacities targeted by mindfulness meditation and mapping them onto cognitive and affective constructs of the Research Domain Criteria matrix proposed by the National Institute of Mental Health. We review efficacious applications of mindfulness meditation to specific domains of psychopathology including depression, anxiety, chronic pain, and substance abuse, as well as emerging efforts related to attention disorders, traumatic stress, dysregulated eating, and serious mental illness. Priorities for future research include pinpointing mechanisms, refining methodology, and improving implementation. Mindfulness meditation is a promising basis for interventions, with particular potential relevance to psychiatric comorbidity. The successes and challenges of mindfulness meditation research are instructive for broader interactions between contemplative traditions and clinical psychological science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wielgosz
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53703, USA; , , , , .,Sierra Pacific MIRECC, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Simon B Goldberg
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53703, USA; , , , , .,Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53703, USA
| | - Tammi R A Kral
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53703, USA; , , , , .,Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53703, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53703, USA
| | - John D Dunne
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53703, USA; , , , , .,Department of Asian Languages and Cultures, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53703, USA
| | - Richard J Davidson
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53703, USA; , , , , .,Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53703, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53703, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53703, USA
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Wesołowska K, Hietapakka L, Elovainio M, Aalto AM, Kaihlanen AM, Heponiemi T. The association between cross-cultural competence and well-being among registered native and foreign-born nurses in Finland. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208761. [PMID: 30532137 PMCID: PMC6285347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of research indicates that cross-cultural competence in nurses can improve migrant patients' health-related outcomes, but little is known about the potential benefits of cross-cultural competence on the nurses' own well-being. OBJECTIVE To examine whether cross-cultural competence (empathy, skills, positive attitudes, and motivation) is associated with perceived time pressure at work, psychological distress, and sleep problems among registered nurses in Finland, and whether there are differences in these potential associations between native and foreign-born nurses. METHODS The present cross-sectional study was based on a sample of 212 foreign-born nurses licensed to practice in Finland and a random sample of 744 native Finnish nurses. Data were collected with a questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression and structural equation modeling (SEM). RESULTS Of all four dimensions of cross-cultural competence, only empathy was associated with perceived time pressure (β = -0.13, p = .018), distress (β = -0.23, p < .001), and sleep problems (β = -0.14, p = .004) after the adjustment for gender, age, employment sector, and frequency of interacting with patients and colleagues from different cultures. There were no differences between native and foreign-born nurses in these observed associations (all ps > .05). CONCLUSIONS Cross-cultural empathy may protect against perceived time pressure, distress, and sleep problems in both native and foreign-born nurses. Thus, the promotion of this component of cross-cultural competence among nursing personnel should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wesołowska
- Department of Social and Health Systems Research, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Hietapakka
- Department of Social and Health Systems Research, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Department of Social and Health Systems Research, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Mari Aalto
- Department of Social and Health Systems Research, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu-Marja Kaihlanen
- Department of Social and Health Systems Research, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Heponiemi
- Department of Social and Health Systems Research, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Senders A, Hanes D, Bourdette D, Carson K, Marshall LM, Shinto L. Impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction for people with multiple sclerosis at 8 weeks and 12 months: A randomized clinical trial. Mult Scler 2018; 25:1178-1188. [PMID: 29985095 DOI: 10.1177/1352458518786650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness training is often used as a therapeutic intervention to manage stress and enhance emotional well-being, yet trials for multiple sclerosis (MS) are limited and few have used an active control. OBJECTIVE Assess the feasibility of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for people with MS and evaluate the efficacy of MBSR compared to an education control. METHODS We conducted a single-blind, randomized trial of MBSR versus education control among 62 adults with MS. Primary outcomes were measures of feasibility. Secondary outcomes included perceived stress, anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain, resilience, and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, assessed at baseline, 8 weeks, and 12 months. Mean scores for secondary outcome measures were compared between groups at each time point and within groups across time by analyses of covariance or paired t-tests, respectively. RESULTS Successful recruitment and retention demonstrated feasibility. Improvements in several secondary outcomes were observed among both MBSR and control groups. However, differences between the groups were not statistically significant at either 8 weeks or 12 months. CONCLUSION Emotional well-being improved with both MBSR and education. Spontaneous improvement cannot be ruled out as an explanation for findings and additional studies that evaluate the impact of mindfulness training to improve emotional health are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Senders
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, USA/Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA/OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Douglas Hanes
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dennis Bourdette
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kimberly Carson
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lynn M Marshall
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA/OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lynne Shinto
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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McIntyre TL, Elkonin D, de Kooker M, Magidson JF. The application of mindfulness for individuals living with HIV in South Africa: A hybrid effectiveness-implementation pilot study. Mindfulness (N Y) 2018; 9:871-883. [PMID: 30079121 PMCID: PMC6070157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent growth of mindfulness research worldwide, there remains little research examining the application of mindfulness-based interventions in resource-limited, international settings. This study examined the application of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) for HIV-infected individuals in South Africa, where rates of HIV are highest in the world. Mixed methods were used to examine the following over a three-month follow up: (1) feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary adaptation of MBSR for this new context; and (2) effects of MBSR on immune functioning, self-reported mindfulness (MAAS, FFMQ), depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS-21). Ten individuals initiated MBSR, and seven completed all eight sessions. Results indicated medium effect size improvements in immune functioning (CD4 count and t-cell count; d = .5) through the three-month follow up, though the small sample size limited power to detect a statistically significant effect. From baseline to post-treatment, improvements in "Observing" and "Non-reactivity" (FFMQ) approached statistical significance with large effect sizes (observing: d = 1.5; p = .08; non-reactivity: d = .7; p = .07). There were no statistically significant changes in depression, anxiety, or stress throughout the study period. Primary areas for adaptation of MBSR included emphasis on informal practice, ways to create "space" without much privacy, and ways to concretize the concepts and definitions of mindfulness. Feedback from participants can shape future adaptations to MBSR for this and similar populations. Findings provide preliminary evidence regarding the implementation of MBSR for individuals living with HIV in South Africa. A future randomized clinical trial with a larger sample size is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy-Leigh McIntyre
- Department of Psychology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Diane Elkonin
- Department of Psychology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Margo de Kooker
- Department of Psychology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Jessica F. Magidson
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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A Systematic Review of Ethnoracial Representation and Cultural Adaptation of Mindfulness- and Meditation-Based Interventions. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-018-0452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Renna ME, Quintero JM, Soffer A, Pino M, Ader L, Fresco DM, Mennin DS. A Pilot Study of Emotion Regulation Therapy for Generalized Anxiety and Depression: Findings From a Diverse Sample of Young Adults. Behav Ther 2018; 49:403-418. [PMID: 29704969 PMCID: PMC7486678 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Emotion regulation therapy (ERT) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and accompanying major depressive disorder (MDD) is a theoretically derived, evidence-based treatment that integrates principles from traditional and contemporary cognitive-behavioral and experiential approaches with basic and translational findings from affect science to offer a blueprint for improving intervention by focusing on the motivational responses and corresponding self-referential regulatory characteristics. Preliminary evidence supports the efficacy of a 20-session version of ERT. However, previous trials of ERT and other traditional and contemporary cognitive-behavioral therapies have often utilized relatively homogeneous samples. Various contextual and demographic factors may be associated with challenges that increase risk for negative mental and social outcomes for young adults ages 18-29, particularly for individuals from diverse backgrounds. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the effectiveness of a briefer 16-session version of ERT in a racially and ethnically diverse sample of young adults. Participants (N = 31) were enrolled at an urban-based, commuter college who consented to treatment for anxiety, worry, or depression at an on-campus counseling center. Open-trial results demonstrate strong ameliorative changes in worry, rumination, self-reported and clinician-rated GAD and MDD severity, social disability, quality of life, attentional flexibility, decentering/distancing, reappraisal, trait mindfulness, and negative emotionality from pre- to posttreatment. These gains were maintained throughout a 3- and 9-month follow-up. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy of ERT in treating a racially and ethnically heterogeneous population. Further, this study highlights comparable effectiveness of a briefer 16-session version of ERT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - David M. Fresco
- Kent State University Case, Western Reserve University School of Medicine
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