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Asselbergs F, Guo Y, van Iperen E, Sivapalaratnam S, Tragante V, Lanktree M, Lange L, Almoguera B, Appelman Y, Barnard J, Baumert J, Beitelshees A, Bhangale T, Chen YD, Gaunt T, Gong Y, Hopewell J, Johnson T, Kleber M, Langaee T, Li M, Li Y, Liu K, McDonough C, Meijs M, Middelberg R, Musunuru K, Nelson C, O’Connell J, Padmanabhan S, Pankow J, Pankratz N, Rafelt S, Rajagopalan R, Romaine S, Schork N, Shaffer J, Shen H, Smith E, Tischfield S, van der Most P, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk J, Verweij N, Volcik K, Zhang L, Bailey K, Bailey K, Bauer F, Boer J, Braund P, Burt A, Burton P, Buxbaum S, Chen W, Cooper-DeHoff R, Cupples L, deJong J, Delles C, Duggan D, Fornage M, Furlong C, Glazer N, Gums J, Hastie C, Holmes M, Illig T, Kirkland S, Kivimaki M, Klein R, Klein B, Kooperberg C, Kottke-Marchant K, Kumari M, LaCroix A, Mallela L, Murugesan G, Ordovas J, Ouwehand W, Post W, Saxena R, Scharnagl H, Schreiner P, Shah T, Shields D, Shimbo D, Srinivasan S, Stolk R, Swerdlow D, Taylor H, Topol E, Toskala E, van Pelt J, van Setten J, Yusuf S, Whittaker J, Zwinderman A, Anand S, Balmforth A, Berenson G, Bezzina C, Boehm B, Boerwinkle E, Casas J, Caulfield M, Clarke R, Connell J, Cruickshanks K, Davidson K, Day I, de Bakker P, Doevendans P, Dominiczak A, Hall A, Hartman C, Hengstenberg C, Hillege H, Hofker M, Humphries S, Jarvik G, Johnson J, Kaess B, Kathiresan S, Koenig W, Lawlor D, März W, Melander O, Mitchell B, Montgomery G, Munroe P, Murray S, Newhouse S, Onland-Moret N, Poulter N, Psaty B, Redline S, Rich S, Rotter J, Schunkert H, Sever P, Shuldiner A, Silverstein R, Stanton A, Thorand B, Trip M, Tsai M, van der Harst P, van der Schoot E, van der Schouw Y, Verschuren W, Watkins H, Wilde A, Wolffenbuttel B, Whitfield J, Hovingh G, Ballantyne C, Wijmenga C, Reilly M, Martin N, Wilson J, Rader D, Samani N, Reiner A, Hegele R, Kastelein J, Hingorani A, Talmud P, Hakonarson H, Elbers C, Keating B, Drenos F. Large-scale gene-centric meta-analysis across 32 studies identifies multiple lipid loci. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 91:823-38. [PMID: 23063622 PMCID: PMC3487124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified many SNPs underlying variations in plasma-lipid levels. We explore whether additional loci associated with plasma-lipid phenotypes, such as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TGs), can be identified by a dense gene-centric approach. Our meta-analysis of 32 studies in 66,240 individuals of European ancestry was based on the custom ∼50,000 SNP genotyping array (the ITMAT-Broad-CARe array) covering ∼2,000 candidate genes. SNP-lipid associations were replicated either in a cohort comprising an additional 24,736 samples or within the Global Lipid Genetic Consortium. We identified four, six, ten, and four unreported SNPs in established lipid genes for HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, and TGs, respectively. We also identified several lipid-related SNPs in previously unreported genes: DGAT2, HCAR2, GPIHBP1, PPARG, and FTO for HDL-C; SOCS3, APOH, SPTY2D1, BRCA2, and VLDLR for LDL-C; SOCS3, UGT1A1, BRCA2, UBE3B, FCGR2A, CHUK, and INSIG2 for TC; and SERPINF2, C4B, GCK, GATA4, INSR, and LPAL2 for TGs. The proportion of explained phenotypic variance in the subset of studies providing individual-level data was 9.9% for HDL-C, 9.5% for LDL-C, 10.3% for TC, and 8.0% for TGs. This large meta-analysis of lipid phenotypes with the use of a dense gene-centric approach identified multiple SNPs not previously described in established lipid genes and several previously unknown loci. The explained phenotypic variance from this approach was comparable to that from a meta-analysis of GWAS data, suggesting that a focused genotyping approach can further increase the understanding of heritability of plasma lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folkert W. Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yiran Guo
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Erik P.A. van Iperen
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suthesh Sivapalaratnam
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vinicius Tragante
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew B. Lanktree
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K6, Canada
| | - Leslie A. Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Berta Almoguera
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yolande E. Appelman
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John Barnard
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jens Baumert
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Amber L. Beitelshees
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tushar R. Bhangale
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Tom R. Gaunt
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Jemma C. Hopewell
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Toby Johnson
- Clinical Pharmacology and Barts and the London Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Marcus E. Kleber
- LURIC Study, Platz der alten Synagoge 1, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 7-11, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Taimour Y. Langaee
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Cardiovascular Institute, the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yun R. Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kiang Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Caitrin W. McDonough
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Matthijs F.L. Meijs
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rita P.S. Middelberg
- Genetic Epidemiology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland 4029, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Queensland 4032, Australia
| | - Kiran Musunuru
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher P. Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Jeffery R. O’Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - James S. Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Suzanne Rafelt
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Ramakrishnan Rajagopalan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Simon P.R. Romaine
- Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health & Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Schork
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute and The Scripps Research Institute, 3344 N. Torrey Pines Court, Suite 300, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jonathan Shaffer
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Haiqing Shen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Erin N. Smith
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady’s Children’s Hospital, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 9293, USA
| | - Sam E. Tischfield
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Peter J. van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jana V. van Vliet-Ostaptchouk
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Medical Biology Division, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Kelly A. Volcik
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kent R. Bailey
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kristian M. Bailey
- Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health & Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Florianne Bauer
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Complex Genetics Section, Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M.A. Boer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter S. Braund
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Amber Burt
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Paul R. Burton
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Sarah G. Buxbaum
- Jackson Heart Study and School of Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1829, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Rhonda M. Cooper-DeHoff
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Jonas S. deJong
- Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Delles
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - David Duggan
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Clement E. Furlong
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - John G. Gums
- Departments of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA
| | - Claire Hastie
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Michael V. Holmes
- Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Susan A. Kirkland
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology and Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax NS B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Barbara E. Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Meena Kumari
- Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrea Z. LaCroix
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Laya Mallela
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gurunathan Murugesan
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jose Ordovas
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Willem H. Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge & Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Wendy S. Post
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Pamela J. Schreiner
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Tina Shah
- Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Denis C. Shields
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Daichi Shimbo
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sathanur R. Srinivasan
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA
| | - Ronald P. Stolk
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel I. Swerdlow
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Herman A. Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Eric J. Topol
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute and The Scripps Research Institute, 3344 N. Torrey Pines Court, Suite 300, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Elina Toskala
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joost L. van Pelt
- Laboratory Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - John C. Whittaker
- GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - A.H. Zwinderman
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, 1100DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - LifeLines Cohort Study
- LifeLines Cohort Study, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sonia S. Anand
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Anthony J. Balmforth
- Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health & Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Gerald S. Berenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1829, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Connie R. Bezzina
- Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Molecular and Experimental Cardiology Group, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernhard O. Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Juan P. Casas
- Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Mark J. Caulfield
- Clinical Pharmacology and Barts and the London Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - John M. Connell
- University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Karen J. Cruickshanks
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Karina W. Davidson
- Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ian N.M. Day
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Paul I.W. de Bakker
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna F. Dominiczak
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Alistair S. Hall
- Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health & Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Catharina A. Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AR Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hans L. Hillege
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Marten H. Hofker
- Molecular Genetics, Medical Biology Section, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steve E. Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Gail P. Jarvik
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Julie A. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Bernhard M. Kaess
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, University of Regensburg, 93042 Germany
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II–Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Centre, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Debbie A. Lawlor
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Winfried März
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 7-11, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab Academy, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 25, 68165 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Olle Melander
- Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- Molecular Epidemiology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Patricia B. Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology and Barts and the London Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sarah S. Murray
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute and The Scripps Research Institute, 3344 N. Torrey Pines Court, Suite 300, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stephen J. Newhouse
- Clinical Pharmacology and Barts and the London Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - N. Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Complex Genetics Section, Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Neil Poulter
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Bruce Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- University Hospitals, Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | - Peter Sever
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Alan R. Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Roy L. Silverstein
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Alice Stanton
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mieke D. Trip
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Y. Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne T. van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W.M. Monique Verschuren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Arthur A.M. Wilde
- Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bruce H.R. Wolffenbuttel
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - John B. Whitfield
- Genetic Epidemiology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - G. Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Muredach P. Reilly
- Cardiovascular Institute, the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - James G. Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Cardiovascular Institute, the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nilesh J. Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Alex P. Reiner
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Robert A. Hegele
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5K8, Canada
| | - John J.P. Kastelein
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aroon D. Hingorani
- Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Philippa J. Talmud
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Clara C. Elbers
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Complex Genetics Section, Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Brendan J. Keating
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fotios Drenos
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
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