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Li Z, Wu W, Huang Y, Lawrence WR, Lin S, Du Z, Wang Y, Hu S, Hao Y, Zhang W. Urban residential greenness and cancer mortality: Evaluating the causal mediation role of air pollution in a large cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124704. [PMID: 39127332 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Evidence linking greenness to all-site and site-specific cancers remains limited, and the complex role of air pollution in this pathway is unclear. We aimed to fill these gaps by using a large cohort in southern China. A total of 654,115 individuals were recruited from 2009 to 2015 and followed-up until December 2020. We calculated the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in a 500-m buffer around the participants' residences to represent the greenness exposure. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to evaluate the impact of greenness on the risk of all-site and site-specific cancer mortality. Additionally, we assessed both the mediation and interaction roles of air pollution (i.e., PM2.5, PM10, and NO2) in the greenness-cancer association through a causal mediation analysis using a four-way decomposition method. Among the 577,643 participants, 10,088 cancer deaths were recorded. We found a 10% (95% CI: 5-16%) reduction in all-site cancer mortality when the NDVI increased from the lowest to the highest quartile. When stratified by cancer type, our estimates suggested 18% (95% CI: 8-27%) and 51% (95% CI: 16-71%) reductions in mortality due to respiratory system cancer and brain and nervous system cancer, respectively. For the above protective effect, a large proportion could be explained by the mediation (all-site cancer: 1.0-27.7%; respiratory system cancer: 1.2-32.3%; brain and nervous system cancer: 3.6-109.1%) and negative interaction (all-site cancer: 2.1-25.7%; respiratory system cancer: 2.0-25.7%; brain and nervous system cancer: not significant) effects of air pollution. We found that particulate matter (i.e., PM2.5 and PM10) had a stronger causal mediation effect (25.0-109.1%) than NO2 (1.0-3.6%), while NO2 had a stronger interaction effect (25.7%) than particulate matter (2.0-2.8%). In summary, greenness was significantly beneficial in reducing the mortality of all-site, respiratory system, and brain and nervous system cancer in southern China, with the impact being modulated and mediated by air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China; Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Research Center for Health Information & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Research Center for Health Information & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongshun Huang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Research Center for Health Information & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
| | - Wayne R Lawrence
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, the State University of New York, 12222, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Zhicheng Du
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Research Center for Health Information & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Research Center for Health Information & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Shijie Hu
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Research Center for Health Information & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuantao Hao
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response & Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wangjian Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Research Center for Health Information & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Garrone O, Paccagnella M, Abbona A, Ruatta F, Vanella P, Denaro N, Tomasello G, Croce N, Barbin F, Rossino MG, La Porta CAM, Sapino A, Torri V, Albini A, Merlano MC. Moderate physical activity during neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients: effect on cancer-related inflammation and pathological complete response-the Neo-Runner study. ESMO Open 2024; 9:103665. [PMID: 39121813 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.103665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of developing breast cancer (BC) and mortality rate in BC patients starting PA after diagnosis. Immunomodulation is considered responsible for these effects. However, limited data exist on the immunomodulation induced by moderate PA (mPA) during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). We have investigated the longitudinal change of cytokines during NACT alone or combined with mPA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-three cytokines were analyzed in BC patients at consecutive timepoints: at baseline (T0), before starting mPA (T1), before surgery (T2), and after surgery (T3). mPA consisted of 3-weekly brisk-walking sessions for 9-10 consecutive weeks. RESULTS Ninety-two patients were assessed: 21 patients refused mPA (untrained) and 71 agreed (trained). At T1, NACT induced significant up-regulation of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6, IL-15, chemokine ligand (CCL)-2, interferon-γ, and C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL)-10 and reduction of expression of IL-13 and CCL-22. At T2, NACT and mPA induced up-regulation of IL-21, CCL-2, and tumor necrosis factor-α and reduction of expression of IL-8, IL-15, vascular endothelial growth factor, and soluble interleukin 6 receptor. Only CXCL-10 increased in untrained patients. A cytokine score (CS) was created to analyze, all together, the changes between T1 and T2. At T2 the CS decreased in trained and increased in untrained patients. We clustered the patients using cytokines and predictive factors and identified two clusters. The cluster A, encompassing 90% of trained patients, showed more pathological complete response (pCR) compared to the cluster B: 78% versus 22%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS mPA interacts with NACT inducing CS reduction in trained patients not observed in untrained patients, suggesting a reduction of inflammation, notwithstanding chemotherapy. This effect may contribute to the higher rate of pCR observed in the cluster A, including most trained patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Garrone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan.
| | - M Paccagnella
- Translational Oncology ARCO Foundation, Cuneo. https://twitter.com/matteo_babeuf
| | - A Abbona
- Translational Oncology ARCO Foundation, Cuneo. https://twitter.com/AbbonaAndr36863
| | - F Ruatta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan. https://twitter.com/fiorella_ruatta
| | - P Vanella
- Department of Medical Oncology, S. Croce e Carle Teaching Hospital, Cuneo
| | - N Denaro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan
| | - G Tomasello
- Medical Oncology, ASST Ospedale Maggiore Crema, Crema. https://twitter.com/glucatom
| | - N Croce
- Department of Medical Oncology, S. Croce e Carle Teaching Hospital, Cuneo
| | - F Barbin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan
| | - M G Rossino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan
| | - C A M La Porta
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, Milan; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan. https://twitter.com/CAMLaPorta
| | - A Sapino
- Scientific Direction, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS Candiolo, Turin; Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Turin. https://twitter.com/sapino58
| | - V Torri
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan. https://twitter.com/ValterTorri
| | - A Albini
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. https://twitter.com/adrianaalbini1
| | - M C Merlano
- Scientific Direction, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS Candiolo, Turin
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Zhang N, Zhai L, Wong RMY, Cui C, Law SW, Chow SKH, Goodman SB, Cheung WH. Harnessing immunomodulation to combat sarcopenia: current insights and possible approaches. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:55. [PMID: 39103919 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a complex age-associated syndrome of progressive loss of muscle mass and strength. Although this condition is influenced by many factors, age-related changes in immune function including immune cell dynamics, and chronic inflammation contribute to its progression. The complex interplay between the immune system, gut-muscle axis, and autophagy further underscores their important roles in sarcopenia pathogenesis. Immunomodulation has emerged as a promising strategy to counteract sarcopenia. Traditional management approaches to treat sarcopenia including physical exercise and nutritional supplementation, and the emerging technologies of biophysical stimulation demonstrated the importance of immunomodulation and regulation of macrophages and T cells and reduction of chronic inflammation. Treatments to alleviate low-grade inflammation in older adults by modulating gut microbial composition and diversity further combat sarcopenia. Furthermore, some pharmacological interventions, nano-medicine, and cell therapies targeting muscle, gut microbiota, or autophagy present additional avenues for immunomodulation in sarcopenia. This narrative review explores the immunological underpinnings of sarcopenia, elucidating the relationship between the immune system and muscle during ageing. Additionally, the review discusses new areas such as the gut-muscle axis and autophagy, which bridge immune system function and muscle health. Insights into current and potential approaches for sarcopenia management through modulation of the immune system are provided, along with suggestions for future research directions and therapeutic strategies. We aim to guide further investigation into clinical immunological biomarkers and identify indicators for sarcopenia diagnosis and potential treatment targets to combat this condition. We also aim to draw attention to the importance of considering immunomodulation in the clinical management of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Liting Zhai
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald Man Yeung Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sheung-Wai Law
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Manthey C, Cepon-Robins T, Warrener A. Hyperandrogenism associated with polycystic ovary syndrome may have a protective effect against fracture risk in female athletes: A pilot study. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24070. [PMID: 38488301 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by polycystic ovaries, anovulation, and hyperandrogenism, is believed to be an evolutionary mismatch disease. Past research has examined PCOS as a uniform disease, despite variation in phenotypes across diagnostic categories, but establishing an evolutionary mismatch requires a focus on individual traits. We suggest PCOS hyperandrogenism may have been beneficial in ancestral environments because it reduced fracture risk and associated morbidity and mortality due to increased bone mineral density (BMD). We test this hypothesis by assessing fracture frequency, a proxy for BMD, in highly active females with and without PCOS hyperandrogenism. METHODS Sixty-seven reproductive-aged women were surveyed and grouped as: high intensity interval training (HIIT; a proxy for metabolic and physical stress) athletes with hyperandrogenic PCOS (31.24%), HIIT athletes without PCOS (29.85%), and nonathletes with hyperandrogenic PCOS (38.81%). Fracture occurrence was compared between the groups using independent samples Kruskal-Wallis tests for non-normally distributed data, and multiple regression analysis was used to examine anthropometrics, lifestyle and reproductive factors, PCOS status, and exercise frequency on fracture occurrence. RESULTS Fracture occurrence was higher in non-PCOS athletes (3.8 ± 4.3) than PCOS-athletes (1.2 ± 1.4, p = .11) and PCOS-non-athletes (1.0 ± 1.4, p < .01). PCOS-athletes and nonathletes did not differ significantly in fracture occurrence (p = .33). These results were independent of factors associated with bone health. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings suggest females with PCOS-related hyperandrogenism may be less likely to experience bone fractures and provide an initial step to explaining why PCOS has persisted despite marked negative reproductive consequences in modern populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Manthey
- The University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Tara Cepon-Robins
- The University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Anna Warrener
- The University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Anwar MM, Pérez-Martínez L, Pedraza-Alva G. Exploring the Significance of Microglial Phenotypes and Morphological Diversity in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Mechanisms to Potential Therapeutic Targets. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:891-946. [PMID: 38836373 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2358446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Studying various microglial phenotypes and their functions in neurodegenerative diseases is crucial due to the intricate nature of their phenomics and their vital immunological role. Microglia undergo substantial phenomic changes, encompassing morphological, transcriptional, and functional aspects, resulting in distinct cell types with diverse structures, functions, properties, and implications. The traditional classification of microglia as ramified, M1 (proinflammatory), or M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotypes is overly simplistic, failing to capture the wide range of recently identified microglial phenotypes in various brain regions affected by neurodegenerative diseases. Altered and activated microglial phenotypes deviating from the typical ramified structure are significant features of many neurodegenerative conditions. Understanding the precise role of each microglial phenotype is intricate and sometimes contradictory. This review specifically focuses on elucidating recent modifications in microglial phenotypes within neurodegenerative diseases. Recognizing the heterogeneity of microglial phenotypes in diseased states can unveil novel therapeutic strategies for targeting microglia in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the exploration of the use of healthy isolated microglia to mitigate disease progression has provided an innovative perspective. In conclusion, this review discusses the dynamic landscape of mysterious microglial phenotypes, emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding to pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR)/Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Leonor Pérez-Martínez
- Neuroimmunobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Bioprocesses, Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
- Neuroimmunobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Bioprocesses, Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Marrone G, Murri A, Urciuoli S, Di Lauro M, Grazioli E, Vignolini P, Cornali K, Tranchita E, Masci C, Cerulli C, Di Marco L, Mitterhofer AP, Parisi A, Noce A. Functional Foods and Adapted Physical Activity as New Adjuvant Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Nutrients 2024; 16:2325. [PMID: 39064768 PMCID: PMC11279472 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) will become the fifth leading cause of death in the world by 2040. It is fundamental to prevent and treat this pathology to reduce its impact on national health costs. This trial's aim is to evaluate the effects induced by a combination of consumed functional foods (FFs) with adapted physical activity (APA) on the progression of CKD-related comorbidities. METHODS The study lasted 12 weeks. We divided 40 CKD patients into four groups: mixed (FF + APA), APA, FF and control group (usual care). The FFs were characterized by their total antioxidant capacity and antiradical activity. The APA was performed though an online training protocol, three times per week, 1 h each session. RESULTS At the end of the study, we observed, in the mixed group, a decrease in azotemia (p = 0.0272), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.0169), and C-reactive protein (p = 0.0313), with increases in the FORD test (p = 0.0203) and fat free mass (p = 0.0258). The APA group showed a reduction in total cholesterol (p = 0.0039). CONCLUSIONS The combination of FFs and APA can help counteract several CKD-related comorbidities, such as arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and uremic sarcopenia, and improve the CKD patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marrone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (K.C.); (C.M.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.M.); (A.N.)
| | - Arianna Murri
- Department of Exercise, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Urciuoli
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Application—PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (S.U.); (P.V.)
| | - Manuela Di Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (K.C.); (C.M.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.M.); (A.N.)
| | - Elisa Grazioli
- Department of Exercise, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Vignolini
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Application—PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (S.U.); (P.V.)
| | - Kevin Cornali
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (K.C.); (C.M.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.M.); (A.N.)
| | - Eliana Tranchita
- Department of Exercise, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Masci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (K.C.); (C.M.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.M.); (A.N.)
| | - Claudia Cerulli
- Department of Exercise, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Di Marco
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (K.C.); (C.M.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.M.); (A.N.)
| | - Anna Paola Mitterhofer
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (K.C.); (C.M.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.M.); (A.N.)
- UOSD Nephrology and Dialysis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Attilio Parisi
- Department of Exercise, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (K.C.); (C.M.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.M.); (A.N.)
- UOSD Nephrology and Dialysis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
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7
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Hird EJ, Slanina-Davies A, Lewis G, Hamer M, Roiser JP. From movement to motivation: a proposed framework to understand the antidepressant effect of exercise. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:273. [PMID: 38961071 PMCID: PMC11222551 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, exerting a profound negative impact on quality of life in those who experience it. Depression is associated with disruptions to several closely related neural and cognitive processes, including dopamine transmission, fronto-striatal brain activity and connectivity, reward processing and motivation. Physical activity, especially aerobic exercise, reduces depressive symptoms, but the mechanisms driving its antidepressant effects are poorly understood. Here we propose a novel hypothesis for understanding the antidepressant effects of exercise, centred on motivation, across different levels of explanation. There is robust evidence that aerobic exercise decreases systemic inflammation. Inflammation is known to reduce dopamine transmission, which in turn is strongly implicated in effort-based decision making for reward. Drawing on a broad range of research in humans and animals, we propose that by reducing inflammation and boosting dopamine transmission, with consequent effects on effort-based decision making for reward, exercise initially specifically improves 'interest-activity' symptoms of depression-namely anhedonia, fatigue and subjective cognitive impairment - by increasing propensity to exert effort. Extending this framework to the topic of cognitive control, we explain how cognitive impairment in depression may also be conceptualised through an effort-based decision-making framework, which may help to explain the impact of exercise on cognitive impairment. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of exercise could inform the development of novel intervention strategies, in particular personalised interventions and boost social prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Hird
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
| | - A Slanina-Davies
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - G Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Hamer
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - J P Roiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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8
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Yang D, Lee JM, Yang SH, Cho KH, Kim J. Socioeconomic status and physical activity disparities in older adults: Implications for COVID-19 related diabetes cognitive dysfunction. Prev Med Rep 2024; 43:102772. [PMID: 38952432 PMCID: PMC11216005 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to investigate the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on variations in physical activity (PA) levels and diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction and impairment amidst disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods With the sample of old population, comprising about 20 thousand from the Fact-Finding Survey on the Status of Senior Citizens (FSSSC) released by Ministry of Health and Welfare of South Korea in 2017 and 2020, we empirically tested the direct and indirect effects of SES on cognitive dysfunction using structural equation modeling (SEM). Two SEMs provided the comparison on the effects of COVID-19. Results Household income had a negative impact on the likelihood of dementia diagnosis via PA related diabetes during the pandemic (p < 0.001), whereas no effects of household income on dementia diagnosis were found in 2017, due to no direct effect of PA on diabetes confirmation in 2017. The disparity in PA based on SES becomes more prominent among the older individuals during the pandemic (z = 11.7) than 2017 (z = 6.0), emphasizing the significance of PA in mitigating diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction during the pandemic. SES affects access to PA, contributing to diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunctions in the older population with lower SES during the pandemic. Conclusion PA may serve as a preventive measure against diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction and dementia in the older population. Thorough investigation of these mechanisms is imperative to establish the role of PA in preventing diabetes-induced cognitive impairment, particularly among the older population with lower SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Yang
- Center for Regional Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Seo-Hyung Yang
- School of Global Sports Studies, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hun Cho
- Department of Physical Education, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jahyun Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University Bakersfield, Bakersfield, CA, USA
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9
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Scudese E, Vue Z, Katti P, Marshall AG, Demirci M, Vang L, López EG, Neikirk K, Shao B, Le H, Stephens D, Hall DD, Rostami R, Rodman T, Kabugi K, Harris C, Shao J, Mungai M, AshShareef ST, Hicsasmaz I, Manus S, Wanjalla C, Whiteside A, Dasari R, Williams C, Damo SM, Gaddy JA, Glancy B, Dantas EHM, Kinder A, Kadam A, Tomar D, Scartoni F, Baffi M, McReynolds MR, Phillips MA, Cooper A, Murray SA, Quintana AM, Exil V, Kirabo A, Mobley BC, Hinton A. 3D Mitochondrial Structure in Aging Human Skeletal Muscle: Insights into MFN-2 Mediated Changes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.13.566502. [PMID: 38168206 PMCID: PMC10760012 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.13.566502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Age-related atrophy of skeletal muscle, is characterized by loss of mass, strength, endurance, and oxidative capacity during aging. Notably, bioenergetics and protein turnover studies have shown that mitochondria mediate this decline in function. Although exercise has been the only therapy to mitigate sarcopenia, the mechanisms that govern how exercise serves to promote healthy muscle aging are unclear. Mitochondrial aging is associated with decreased mitochondrial capacity, so we sought to investigate how aging affects mitochondrial structure and potential age-related regulators. Specifically, the three-dimensional (3D) mitochondrial structure associated with morphological changes in skeletal muscle during aging requires further elucidation. We hypothesized that aging causes structural remodeling of mitochondrial 3D architecture representative of dysfunction, and this effect is mitigated by exercise. We used serial block-face scanning electron microscopy to image human skeletal tissue samples, followed by manual contour tracing using Amira software for 3D reconstruction and subsequent analysis of mitochondria. We then applied a rigorous in vitro and in vivo exercise regimen during aging. Across 5 human cohorts, we correlate differences in magnetic resonance imaging, mitochondria 3D structure, exercise parameters, and plasma immune markers between young (under 50 years) and old (over 50 years) individuals. We found that mitochondria we less spherical and more complex, indicating age-related declines in contact site capacity. Additionally, aged samples showed a larger volume phenotype in both female and male humans, indicating potential mitochondrial swelling. Concomitantly, muscle area, exercise capacity, and mitochondrial dynamic proteins showed age-related losses. Exercise stimulation restored mitofusin 2 (MFN2), one such of these mitochondrial dynamic proteins, which we show is required for the integrity of mitochondrial structure. Furthermore, we show that this pathway is evolutionarily conserved as Marf, the MFN2 ortholog in Drosophila, knockdown alters mitochondrial morphology and leads to the downregulation of genes regulating mitochondrial processes. Our results define age-related structural changes in mitochondria and further suggest that exercise may mitigate age-related structural decline through modulation of mitofusin 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estevão Scudese
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Laboratory of Biosciences of Human Motricity (LABIMH) of the Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Sport Sciences and Exercise Laboratory (LaCEE), Catholic University of Petrópolis (UCP), Brazil
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Prassana Katti
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, AP, 517619, India
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Andrea G. Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Mert Demirci
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Edgar Garza López
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Han Le
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Dominique Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Duane D. Hall
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Rahmati Rostami
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Taylor Rodman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kinuthia Kabugi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Chanel Harris
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jianqiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Salma T. AshShareef
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Innes Hicsasmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Sasha Manus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Celestine Wanjalla
- Division of Infection Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Aaron Whiteside
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Revathi Dasari
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, AP, 517619, India
| | - Clintoria Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Steven M. Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Gaddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Brian Glancy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Estélio Henrique Martin Dantas
- Laboratory of Biosciences of Human Motricity (LABIMH) of the Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Doctor’s Degree Program in Nursing and Biosciences - PpgEnfBio, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro - UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human Motricity Biosciences - LABIMH, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro - UNIRIO, RJ, Brazil
- Brazilian Paralympic Academy – APB
- Doctor’s Degree Program in Health and Environment - PSA, Tiradentes University - UNIT, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - André Kinder
- Artur Sá Earp Neto University Center - UNIFASE-FMP, Petrópolis Medical School, Brazil
| | - Ashlesha Kadam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Fabiana Scartoni
- Laboratory of Biosciences of Human Motricity (LABIMH) of the Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matheus Baffi
- Sport Sciences and Exercise Laboratory (LaCEE), Catholic University of Petrópolis (UCP), Brazil
| | - Melanie R. McReynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Mark A. Phillips
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Anthonya Cooper
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Sandra A. Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Anita M. Quintana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Vernat Exil
- Department of Pediatrics, Div. of Cardiology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bret C. Mobley
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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10
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Hsieh TJ, Chen PY, Wang HY, Wu CS, Liu LF, Wu KL, Kuo SM. Study on Anti-Inflammatory Effects of and Muscle Recovery Associated with Transdermal Delivery of Chaenomeles speciosa Extracts Using Supersonic Atomizer on Rat Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:702. [PMID: 38929141 PMCID: PMC11201272 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Repetitive motion or exercise is associated with oxidative stress and muscle inflammation, which can lead to declining grip strength and muscle damage. Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and can be extracted from Chaenomeles speciosa through ultrasonic sonication. We investigated the association between grip strength declines and muscle damage induced by lambda carrageenan (LC) injection and exercise exposure in rats. We also assessed the reparative effects of transdermal pretreatment and post-treatment with C. speciosa extracts (CSEs) by using a supersonic atomizer. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of CSEs for cells was 10.5 mg/mL. CSEs significantly reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory factors (interleukin [IL]-6 and IL-1β) in in vitro cell tests. Rats subjected to LC injection and 6 weeks of exercise exhibited significantly increased inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6). Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed inflammatory cell infiltration and evident muscle damage in the gastrocnemius muscle, which exhibited splitting and the appearance of the endomysium and perimysium. The treated rats' grip strength significantly declined. Following treatment with CSEs, the damaged muscles exhibited decreased IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels and normal morphologies. Moreover, grip strength significantly recovered. Pretreatment with CSEs yielded an immediate and significant increase in grip strength, with an increase of 180% and 165% occurring in the rats exposed to LC injection and exercise within the initial 12 h period, respectively, compared with the control group. Pretreatment with CSEs delivered transdermally using a supersonic atomizer may have applications in sports medicine and training or competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Jung Hsieh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
| | - Pin-Yu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Yi Wang
- Department of Sports Technology and Leisure Management, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Shien Wu
- Center of General Education, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Feng Liu
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
| | - Kun-Lieh Wu
- YJ Biotechnology Co., Ltd., New Taipei City 105037, Taiwan;
| | - Shyh-Ming Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
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11
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Sobhy E, Kamal MM, Saad Y, Saleh DA, Elgohary R, Hassan MS. Effect of branched-chain amino acid supplementation and exercise on quadriceps muscle quantity and quality in patients with cirrhosis as assessed by ultrasonography: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 61:108-118. [PMID: 38777422 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Sarcopenia and myosteatosis are common in patients with cirrhosis. The study aimed to evaluate efficacy of ultrasound to monitor muscle status during branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation and/or muscle exercise interventional approaches. PATIENTS AND METHODS A randomized controlled study, included 220 liver cirrhosis patients with Child- Pugh B and C, randomized into a control group (55 patients) received only the standard care, and interventional groups (165 patients) equally distributed into three subgroups, in addition to standard care, they received BCAA, programmed exercise, or BCAA and programmed exercise. At baseline and after 28 days, all participants were subjected to ultrasound-measured quadriceps muscle thickness and echo-intensity, muscle strength using handgrip, performance using short physical performance battery (SPPB), Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score and nutritional assessment using 7- point Subjective Global Assessment Score (SGA) and laboratory assessment. RESULTS All interventional groups showed a significant improvement in the ultrasound detected quadriceps muscle thickness (p = 0.001) and echo intensity, in addition to muscle strength, muscle performance, and SGA. Hematological parameters (hemoglobin and platelet count), biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, bilirubin, creatinine, urea and INR) and MELD score were also improved in the interventional groups. In Child-Pugh B patients BCAA combined with exercise showed an add-on effect. CONCLUSION BCAA supplements, programed muscle exercise and both are useful interventional methods in improving muscle quality and quantity in cirrhosis patients, which can be monitored by ultrasound. The best results can be achieved by combined intervention in Child-Pugh B, while in Child-Pugh C single intervention may lead to an acceptable improvement. The trial was registered retrospectively in the Clinical Trials Registry (registration number NCT06088550).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Sobhy
- Intensive Care Unit, and Clinical Nutrition, Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Kamal
- Gastroenterology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Saad
- Endemic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Doaa Ahmed Saleh
- Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Rasmia Elgohary
- Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Sayed Hassan
- Gastroenterology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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12
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Ye Y, Wan M, Lin H, Xia R, He J, Qiu P, Zheng G. Effects of Baduanjin exercise on cognitive frailty, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation in older adults with cognitive frailty: a randomized controlled trial. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1385542. [PMID: 38846613 PMCID: PMC11153822 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1385542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis process of cognitive frailty (CF). Regular Baduanjin exercise could improve cognitive frailty in older adults, but it is unclear whether the effect of Baduanjin exercise on improving CF is mediated by modulating circulating oxidative stress and inflammatory process. Method A total of 102 community-dwelling older adults with CF were recruited and randomly allocated into a 24-week Baduanjin exercise training group or no specific exercise intervention control group at an equal rate. Cognitive function and physical frailty index were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS), as well as the oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines were measured at baseline and after intervention. Result After 24 weeks of intervention, the increased MoCA score (2.51 ± 0.32 points, p < 0.001) and the decreased EFS scores (1.94 ± 0.20 points, p = 0.012) in the Baduanjin group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Serum antioxidant SOD levels were increased by 10.03 ± 4.73 U/mL (p < 0.001), and the prooxidative MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α levels were decreased by -1.08 ± 0.80 nmol/mL (p = 0.030) and -86.61 ± 15.03 ng/L (p < 0.001) in the Baduanjin training group; while inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 levels were increased (1.08 ± 0.33 pg./mL, p = 0.034, 2.74 ± 0.75 pg./mL, p = 0.04 and 1.48 ± 0.35 pg./mL, p = 0.042). In addition, a mediation effect that Baduanjin training improved cognitive ability mediated by an increase of circulating IFN-γ and IL-2 levels were observed in this study. Conclusion Regular Baduanjin exercise training could improve the cognitive frailty of the community-dwelling older adults with CF, and modulate oxidative stress and inflammatory processes by reducing circulating pro-oxidative MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α levels and increasing anti-oxidative SOD levels, as well as impacting inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 levels. Nevertheless, the mechanism of Baduanjin exercise mediating oxidative stress and inflammatory processes should be cautious to be explained. Clinical trial registration http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx, ChiCTR1800020341.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ye
- College of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Wan
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huiying Lin
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rui Xia
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianquan He
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pingting Qiu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guohua Zheng
- College of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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13
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Roberts MJ, Hamrouni M, Linsley V, Moorthy A, Bishop NC. Exercise as an anti-inflammatory Therapy in Axial Spondyloarthritis Therapeutic Intervention (EXTASI) study: a randomized controlled trial. Rheumatol Adv Pract 2024; 8:rkae062. [PMID: 38854418 PMCID: PMC11157140 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Axial SpA (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease, yet despite known anti-inflammatory effects of exercise, the effect of exercise on inflammatory immune cell populations and associated inflammatory profiles in axSpA is unknown. This randomized controlled trial investigated the effect of 12 weeks of walking on symptom severity, cardiometabolic health, inflammatory biomarkers and immune cell populations. Methods Twenty people (60% male) living with axSpA who were on a stable dose of NSAIDs participated. Participants were randomly assigned to control or exercise (30 min of walking five times per week). Participants were invited back every 4 weeks for assessment. Results There was a 0% dropout rate and no adverse events in the exercise group, showing walking exercise was well tolerated. Home-based walking for 12 weeks lowered the proportion of pro-inflammatory monocytes, whereas they increased in the control group. Changes were associated with lower IL-6 and CRP concentrations, lower spinal pain and lower systolic blood pressure in the exercise group, whereas these markers increased in the control group. Reductions in IL-6 and pro-inflammatory monocytes with exercise were independent of lower body fat percentage. Conclusions Supplementing NSAID therapy with walking exercise can improve inflammatory immune profiles in people with axSpA, coinciding with reductions in spinal pain. Importantly, the exercise was well tolerated, suggesting walking exercise can be used as an adjuvant anti-inflammatory therapy for NSAID treatments. This should now be explored in people living with axSpA who have had high enough disease activity to necessitate the prescription of biologic or synthetic DMARD treatments. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (http://clinicaltrials.gov), NCT04368494.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Roberts
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, National Health Service Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Malik Hamrouni
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, National Health Service Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Victoria Linsley
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, National Health Service Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Arumugam Moorthy
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Nicolette C Bishop
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, National Health Service Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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14
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Little RB, Carter SJ, Motl RW, Hunter G, Cook A, Liu N, Krontiras H, Lefkowitz EJ, Turan B, Schleicher E, Rogers LQ. Role of Gut Microbe Composition in Psychosocial Symptom Response to Exercise Training in Breast Cancer Survivors (ROME) study: protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081660. [PMID: 38702085 PMCID: PMC11086582 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer survivors have an increased risk for chronic fatigue and altered gut microbiota composition, both with negative health and quality of life affects. Exercise modestly improves fatigue and is linked to gut microbial diversity and production of beneficial metabolites. Studies suggest that gut microbiota composition is a potential mechanism underlying fatigue response to exercise. Randomised controlled trials testing the effects of exercise on the gut microbiome are limited and there is a scarcity of findings specific to breast cancer survivors. The objective of this study is to determine if fitness-related modifications to gut microbiota occur and, if so, mediate the effects of aerobic exercise on fatigue response. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The research is a randomised controlled trial among breast cancer survivors aged 18-74 with fatigue. The primary aim is to determine the effects of aerobic exercise training compared with an attention control on gut microbiota composition. The secondary study aims are to test if exercise training (1) affects the gut microbiota composition directly and/or indirectly through inflammation (serum cytokines), autonomic nervous system (heart rate variability) or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis mediators (hair cortisol assays), and (2) effects on fatigue are direct and/or indirect through changes in the gut microbiota composition. All participants receive a standardised controlled diet. Assessments occur at baseline, 5 weeks, 10 weeks and 15 weeks (5 weeks post intervention completion). Faecal samples collect the gut microbiome and 16S gene sequencing will identify the microbiome. Fatigue is measured by a 13-item multidimensional fatigue scale. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The University of Alabama at Birmingham Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved this study on 15 May 2019, UAB IRB#30000320. A Data and Safety Monitoring Board convenes annually or more often if indicated. Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04088708.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Little
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Stephen J Carter
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert W Motl
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gary Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Abby Cook
- Baylor Scott & White Medical Center Temple, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Nianjun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Helen Krontiras
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Elliot J Lefkowitz
- Department of Computer Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Bulent Turan
- Department of Psychology, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erica Schleicher
- Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Laura Q Rogers
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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15
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Boulet J, Sridhar VS, Bouabdallaoui N, Tardif JC, White M. Inflammation in heart failure: pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:709-723. [PMID: 38546848 PMCID: PMC11058911 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2024] Open
Abstract
A role for inflammation in the development and progression of heart failure (HF) has been proposed for decades. Multiple studies have demonstrated the potential involvement of several groups of cytokines and chemokines in acute and chronic HF, though targeting these pathways in early therapeutic trials have produced mixed results. These studies served to highlight the complexity and nuances of how pro-inflammatory pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of HF. More recent investigations have highlighted how inflammation may play distinct roles based on HF syndrome phenotypes, findings that may guide the development of novel therapies. In this review, we propose a contemporary update on the role of inflammation mediated by the innate and adaptive immune systems with HF, highlighting differences that exist across the ejection fraction spectrum. This will specifically be looked at through the lens of established and novel biomarkers of inflammation. Subsequently, we review how improvements in inflammatory pathways may mediate clinical benefits of existing guideline-directed medical therapies for HF, as well as future therapies in the pipeline targeting HF and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinthe Boulet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vikas S Sridhar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nadia Bouabdallaoui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel White
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger Street, QC, H1C 1C8, Montreal, Canada.
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16
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Tam LM, Hocker K, David T, Williams EM. The Influence of Social Dynamics on Biological Aging and the Health of Historically Marginalized Populations: A Biopsychosocial Model for Health Disparities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:554. [PMID: 38791769 PMCID: PMC11121718 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Historically marginalized populations are susceptible to social isolation resulting from their unique social dynamics; thus, they incur a higher risk of developing chronic diseases across the course of life. Research has suggested that the cumulative effect of aging trajectories per se, across the lifespan, determines later-in-life disease risks. Emerging evidence has shown the biopsychosocial effects of social stress and social support on one's wellbeing in terms of inflammation. Built upon previous multidisciplinary findings, here, we provide an overarching model that explains how the social dynamics of marginalized populations shape their rate of biological aging through the inflammatory process. Under the framework of social stress and social support theories, this model aims to facilitate our understanding of the biopsychosocial impacts of social dynamics on the wellbeing of historically marginalized individuals, with a special emphasis on biological aging. We leverage this model to advance our mechanistic understanding of the health disparity observed in historically marginalized populations and inform future remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok Ming Tam
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Kristin Hocker
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Tamala David
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
- Department of Nursing, State University of New York Brockport, Brockport, NY 14420, USA
| | - Edith Marie Williams
- Office of Health Equity Research, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Center for Community Health and Prevention, University of Rochester, 46 Prince St Ste 1001, Rochester, NY 14607, USA
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17
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Delfan M, Saeidi A, Supriya R, Escobar KA, Laher I, Heinrich KM, Weiss K, Knechtle B, Zouhal H. Enhancing cardiometabolic health: unveiling the synergistic effects of high-intensity interval training with spirulina supplementation on selected adipokines, insulin resistance, and anthropometric indices in obese males. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:11. [PMID: 38454429 PMCID: PMC10921712 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the combined effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and spirulina supplementation on adipokine levels, insulin resistance, anthropometric indices, and cardiorespiratory fitness in 44 obese males (aged 25-40 years). The participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control (CG), supplement (SG), training (TG), or training plus supplement (TSG). The intervention involved daily administration of either spirulina or a placebo and HIIT three times a week for the training groups. Anthropometric indices, HOMA-IR, VO2peak, and circulating adipokines (asprosin and lipocalin2, omentin-1, irisin, and spexin) were measured before and after the 12-week intervention. Post-intervention analysis indicated differences between the CG and the three interventional groups for body weight, fat-free mass (FFM), percent body fat (%BF), HOMA-IR, and adipokine levels (p < 0.05). TG and SG participants had increased VO2peak (p < 0.05). Spirulina supplementation with HIIT increased VO2peak, omentin-1, irisin, and spexin, while causing decreases in lipocalin-2 and asprosin levels and improvements in body composition (weight, %fat), BMI, and HOMA-IR. Notably, the combination of spirulina and HIIT produced more significant changes in circulating adipokines and cardiometabolic health in obese males compared to either supplementation or HIIT alone (p < 0.05). These findings highlight the synergistic benefits of combining spirulina supplementation with HIIT, showcasing their potential in improving various health parameters and addressing obesity-related concerns in a comprehensive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Delfan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Rashmi Supriya
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, SPEH, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kurt A Escobar
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Long Beach, CA, 90840, USA
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Katie M Heinrich
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, Vadianstrasse 26, St. Gallen, 9001, Switzerland.
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Univ Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Rennes, Santé, EA 1274, F-35000, France.
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouer, 35850, France.
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18
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Giuliani G, Longo VD. Ketone bodies in cell physiology and cancer. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C948-C963. [PMID: 38189128 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00441.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Ketogenic diets (KDs), fasting, or prolonged physical activity elevate serum ketone bodies (KBs) levels, providing an alternative fuel source for the brain and other organs. However, KBs play pleiotropic roles that go beyond their role in energy production. KBs can act as signaling metabolites, influence gene expression, proteins' posttranslational modifications (PTMs), inflammation, and oxidative stress. Here, we explore the impact of KBs on mammalian cell physiology, including aging and tissue regeneration. We also concentrate on KBs and cancer, given the extensive evidence that dietary approaches inducing ketosis, including fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) and KDs, can prevent cancer and affect tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Giuliani
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
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19
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Zhang J, Xu Z, Han P, Fu Y, Wang Q, Wei X, Wang Q, Yang L. Exploring the Modifying Role of GDP and Greenness on the Short Effect of Air Pollutants on Respiratory Hospitalization in Beijing. GEOHEALTH 2024; 8:e2023GH000930. [PMID: 38505689 PMCID: PMC10949333 DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
It is unclear whether Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and greenness have additional modifying effects on the association between air pollution and respiratory system disease. Utilizing a time-stratified case-crossover design with a distributed lag linear model, we analyzed the association between six pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, O3, and CO) and 555,498 respiratory hospital admissions in Beijing from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2019. We employed conditional logistic regression, adjusting for meteorological conditions, holidays and influenza, to calculate percent change of hospitalization risk. Subsequently, we performed subgroup analysis to investigate potential effect modifications using a two-sample z test. Every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and O3 led to increases of 0.26% (95%CI: 0.17%, 0.35%), 0.15% (95%CI: 0.09%, 0.22%), 0.61% (95%CI: 0.44%, 0.77%), 1.72% (95%CI: 1.24%, 2.21%), and 0.32% (95%CI: 0.20%, 0.43%) in admissions, respectively. Also, a 1 mg/m3 increase in CO levels resulted in a 2.50% (95%CI: 1.96%, 3.04%) rise in admissions. The links with NO2 (p < 0.001), SO2 (p < 0.001), O3 (during the warm season, p < 0.001), and CO (p < 0.001) were significantly weaker among patients residing in areas with higher levels of greenness. No significant modifying role of GDP was observed. Greenness can help mitigate the effects of air pollutants, while the role of GDP needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Health Policy and ManagementPeking University School of Public HealthBeijingChina
| | - Zhihu Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health SciencesPeking University School of Public HealthBeijingChina
| | - Peien Han
- Department of Health Policy and ManagementPeking University School of Public HealthBeijingChina
| | - Yaqun Fu
- Department of Health Policy and ManagementPeking University School of Public HealthBeijingChina
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Health Policy and ManagementPeking University School of Public HealthBeijingChina
- Brown SchoolWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Xia Wei
- Department of Health Policy and ManagementPeking University School of Public HealthBeijingChina
- Department of Health Services Research and PolicyLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Qingbo Wang
- Department of Health Policy and ManagementPeking University School of Public HealthBeijingChina
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Health Policy and ManagementPeking University School of Public HealthBeijingChina
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20
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Luo Y, Liu J, Zeng J, Pan H. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases attributed to low physical activity: An analysis of 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2019. Am J Prev Cardiol 2024; 17:100633. [PMID: 38380078 PMCID: PMC10877163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Low physical activity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study aimed to estimate the global, regional, national, and sex-age-specific burden of CVDs attributed to low physical activity from 1990 to 2019. Methods We leveraged data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 to compute the number of fatalities, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-adjusted mortality rates (ASMR), and age-adjusted DALY rates (ASDR) attributed to CVDs resulting from low physical activity. Furthermore, we scrutinized the trends and correlations of these metrics in connection with the socio-demographic index (SDI) across 21 regions and 204 countries and territories. Results The global deaths and DALYs due to CVDs caused by low physical activity increased from 371,042.96 [95 % UI: 147,621.82-740,490] and 6,282,524.95 [95 % UI: 2,334,970.61-13,255,090.08] in 1990 to 639,174.92 [95 % UI: 272,011.34-1,216,528.4] and 9,996,080.17 [95 % UI: 4,130,111.16-20,323,339.89] in 2019, respectively. The corresponding ASMR and ASDR decreased from 12.55 [95 % UI: 5.12-24.23] and 181.64 [95 % UI: 71.59-374.01] in 1990 to 8.6 [95 % UI: 3.68-16.28] and 127.52 [95 % UI: 53.07-256.55] in 2019, respectively. Deaths and DALYs attributed to low physical activity were initially higher in males but shifted to females after 70-74 age group. Both genders had increasing death rates, peaking at 80-84 age group. Most CVDs deaths and DALYs number are caused by ischemic heart disease. The highest burden of CVDs attributed to low physical activity was observed in North Africa and the Middle East. The lowest burden was observed in Oceania and High-income Asia Pacific. There was a distinctive 'n-shape' relationship between the regional SDI and the ASDR of CVDs attributed to low physical activity from 1990 to 2019. Conclusion The global impact of CVDs stemming from low physical activity remains substantial and demonstrates substantial regional disparities. As individuals age, this burden becomes more prominent, particularly among females. Efficacious interventions are imperative to promote physical activity and mitigate the risk of CVDs across diverse populations and regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Huizhou Municipal People's Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, PR China
| | - Jinguang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Huizhou Municipal People's Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, PR China
| | - Jinshan Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Huizhou Municipal People's Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, PR China
| | - Hailin Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Huizhou Municipal People's Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, PR China
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21
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Lu Y, Lan T. Spatiotemporal trends of cardiovascular disease burden attributable to low physical activity during 1990-2019: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Public Health 2024; 228:137-146. [PMID: 38354583 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The epidemiological trends of cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden attributed to low physical activity (LPA) across various regions and countries are poorly understood. Hence, we assessed the global, regional, and national spatiotemporal trends of LPA-related CVD from 1990 to 2019. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a secondary analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The data on LPA-related CVD were examined with regard to sex, age, year, and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI). METHODS We assessed the temporal changes in age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized death rate (ASDR) using the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) over a 30-year period. RESULTS There were a staggering 0.64 million deaths and 9.99 million disability-adjusted life-years globally attributed to LPA-related CVD in 2019. The majority of the LPA-related CVD burden was observed in the population aged ≥80 years. It also indicated a high disease burden of LPA-related CVD in Central Asia, Arabian Peninsula, and North Africa. Although there has been a decline in ASMR and ASDR associated with LPA-related CVD on a global scale, the countries experiencing the most substantial increase in LPA-related CVD burden are Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Azerbaijan. The ASMR and ASDR remained stable in regions with low, low-middle, and middle SDI levels. The EAPCs of ASMR and ASDR were negatively linked with SDI in 2019. CONCLUSIONS From 1990 to 2019, LPA led to a significant and escalating burden of CVD in certain regions, namely, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Azerbaijan. It is imperative for governments and policymakers to implement regulatory measures and strategic interventions aimed at mitigating this burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Lan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, People's Republic of China.
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22
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García-Giménez JL, Cánovas-Cervera I, Pallardó FV. Oxidative stress and metabolism meet epigenetic modulation in physical exercise. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:123-137. [PMID: 38199289 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Physical exercise is established as an important factor of health and generally is recommended for its positive effects on several tissues, organs, and systems. These positive effects come from metabolic adaptations that also include oxidative eustress, in which physical activity increases ROS production and antioxidant mechanisms, although this depends on the intensity of the exercise. Muscle metabolism through mechanisms such as aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative lipid metabolism can produce metabolites and co-factors which directly impact the epigenetic machinery. In this review, we clearly reinforce the evidence that exercise regulates several epigenetic mechanisms and explain how these mechanisms can be regulated by metabolic products and co-factors produced during exercise. In fact, recent evidence has demonstrated the importance of epigenetics in the gene expression changes implicated in metabolic adaptation after exercise. Importantly, intermediates of the metabolism generated by continuous, acute, moderate, or strenuous exercise control the activity of epigenetic enzymes, therefore turning on or turning off the gene expression of specific programs which can lead to physiological adaptations after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis García-Giménez
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Av/Blasco Ibañez, 15, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Av/Menéndez Pelayo. 4acc, Valencia, 46010, Spain; CIBERER, The Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, ISCIII, C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irene Cánovas-Cervera
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Av/Blasco Ibañez, 15, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Av/Menéndez Pelayo. 4acc, Valencia, 46010, Spain.
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Av/Blasco Ibañez, 15, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Av/Menéndez Pelayo. 4acc, Valencia, 46010, Spain; CIBERER, The Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, ISCIII, C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Zeineddin S, Figueroa A, Pitt JB, Carter M, DeTella M, Perez A, Park E, Kwon S, Ghomrawi H, Abdullah F. Using Wearable Devices to Profile Demographic-Specific Recovery After Pediatric Appendectomy. J Surg Res 2024; 295:131-138. [PMID: 38007860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Counseling patients and parents about the postoperative recovery expectations for physical activity after pediatric appendectomy varies significantly and is not specific to patients' demographic characteristics. Consumer wearable devices (CWD) can be used to objectively assess patients' normative postoperative recovery of physical activity. This study aimed to develop demographic-specific normative physical activity recovery trajectories using CWD in pediatric patients undergoing appendectomy. METHODS Children ages 3-18 y old undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis were recruited. Patients wore a Fitbit device for 21 d postoperatively and daily step counts were measured. Patients with postoperative complications were excluded. Segmented regression models were fitted and time-to-plateau was estimated for patients with simple and complicated appendicitis separately for each age group, sex, race/ethnicity, and body mass index category. RESULTS Among 147 eligible patients; 76 (51.7%) were female, 86 (58.5%) were in the younger group, and 79 (53.7%) had complicated appendicitis. Patients 3-11 y old demonstrated a faster trajectory to a physical activity plateau compared to those 12-18 in both simple (postoperative day [POD] 9 versus POD 17) and complicated appendicitis (POD 17 versus POD 21). Males and females had a similar postoperative recovery trajectory in simple and complicated appendicitis. There was no clear pattern differentiating trajectories based on race/ethnicity. Overweight/obese patients demonstrated a slower recovery trajectory in simple appendicitis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that factors other than the disease itself, such as age, may affect recovery, suggesting the need for more tailored discharge instructions. CWDs can improve our understanding of recovery and allow for better data-driven counseling perioperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Zeineddin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Angie Figueroa
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - J Benjamin Pitt
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michela Carter
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mia DeTella
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amparo Perez
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Erica Park
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Soyang Kwon
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hassan Ghomrawi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Fizan Abdullah
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
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24
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Schulze A, Busse M. Sports Diet and Oral Health in Athletes: A Comprehensive Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:319. [PMID: 38399605 PMCID: PMC10890155 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Food and fluid supply is fundamental for optimal athletic performance but can also be a risk factor for caries, dental erosion, and periodontal diseases, which in turn can impair athletic performance. Many studies have reported a high prevalence of oral diseases in elite athletes, notably dental caries 20-84%, dental erosion 42-59%, gingivitis 58-77%, and periodontal disease 15-41%, caused by frequent consumption of sugars/carbohydrates, polyunsaturated fats, or deficient protein intake. There are three possible major reasons for poor oral health in athletes which are addressed in this review: oxidative stress, sports diet, and oral hygiene. This update particularly summarizes potential sports nutritional effects on athletes' dental health. Overall, sports diet appropriately applied to deliver benefits for performance associated with oral hygiene requirements is necessary to ensure athletes' health. The overall aim is to help athletes, dentists, and nutritionists understand the tangled connections between sports diet, oral health, and oral healthcare to develop mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of dental diseases due to nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antina Schulze
- General Outpatient Clinic of Sports Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
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25
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Hill L, Roofigari N, Faraz M, Popov J, Moshkovich M, Figueiredo M, Hartung E, Talbo M, Lalanne-Mistrih ML, Sherlock M, Zachos M, Timmons BW, Obeid J, Pai N. Physical Activity in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Scoping Review. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2024; 36:44-56. [PMID: 37487582 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2022-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, systemic condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract. IBD can be severe and are associated with impairment in growth, school absences, abdominal pain, and fatigue. Physical activity (PA) could have an anti-inflammatory effect in addition to other benefits. It is important to address the possible risks, physiological effects of PA, and potential barriers, and facilitators for PA participation in pediatric IBD. However, potential barriers and facilitators to PA have yet to be adequately described. METHODS We conducted a scoping review to map and describe the current literature on PA in pediatric IBD populations between 1980 and April 2022 using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines for Scoping reviews. RESULTS Nineteen articles were identified including 10 descriptive, 6 interventional, and 3 physiological responses to PA studies. Patients and healthy controls demonstrated similar responses to exercise. Barriers to participation were low self-esteem, body image, and active IBD symptoms. Facilitators included personal interest, activity with friends, and support from family. CONCLUSION This review highlighted that PA participation may reduce in children with IBD-related symptoms. Short- and medium-term impacts of PA on immune modulation require further study; it is possible that regular PA does not negatively affect biomarkers of disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Hill
- Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada
- Department of Endocrinology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC,Canada
| | | | - Maria Faraz
- Department of Pathology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY,USA
| | - Jelena Popov
- Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada
| | - Michal Moshkovich
- Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada
| | - Melanie Figueiredo
- Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada
| | - Emily Hartung
- Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada
| | - Meryem Talbo
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC,Canada
| | - Marie-Laure Lalanne-Mistrih
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, QC,Canada
- Department of Nutrition, University Hospital of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre,France
- UFR of Medicine, University of French West Indies, Abymes, Guadeloupe,France
| | - Mary Sherlock
- Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada
- Department of Nutrition, University Hospital of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre,France
| | - Mary Zachos
- Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada
- Department of Nutrition, University Hospital of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre,France
| | - Brian W Timmons
- Child Health and Exercise Medicine Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada
| | - Joyce Obeid
- Child Health and Exercise Medicine Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada
| | - Nikhil Pai
- Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada
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26
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Orkaby AR, Thomson A, MacFadyen J, Besdine R, Forman DE, Travison TG, Ridker PM. Effect of canakinumab on frailty: A post hoc analysis of the CANTOS trial. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14029. [PMID: 37927208 PMCID: PMC10776110 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although inflammation is strongly associated with frailty, whether medications that lower inflammation decrease frailty is unclear and randomized trial evidence is scant. We sought to test whether canakinumab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody that inhibits IL-1β and reduces C-reactive protein (CRP), can lower frailty risk. This was a post hoc analysis of the Canakinumab ANti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS), a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of 10,061 stable postmyocardial infarction patients randomized to subcutaneous canakinumab once every 3 months. Incident frailty was measured using a 34-item cumulative-deficit Frailty Index (FI). Time-to-event analysis using intent to treat. A total of 9942 CANTOS participants had data to calculate a baseline FI. Median age was 61 (IQR 54-68); 74% were male, 12% Asian, 3% Black, 80% White, and 16% Hispanic/Latino. At baseline, mean FI score was 0.12 and 13% were frail using a cutoff of 0.2. Over 5 years, 1080 participants (12.5%) became frail and mean FI scores increased to 0.14. There was no effect on frailty incidence according to randomization to any canakinumab dose versus placebo over time, HR 1.03 (0.91-1.17), p = 0.63. Results were similar using phenotypic frailty. Additionally, the primary findings of CANTOS in terms of canakinumab-associated cardiovascular event reduction were unchanged in analyses stratified by baseline frailty. In conclusion, among stable adult patients with atherosclerosis, random allocation to interleukin-1b inhibition with canakinumab versus placebo did not lower risk of incident frailty over 5 years. More randomized data are needed to understand the role of targeted anti-inflammatory medications for frailty prevention in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariela R. Orkaby
- New England GRECC (Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center)VA Boston Healthcare SystemBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Division of Aging, Brigham & Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Aerin Thomson
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham & Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jean MacFadyen
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham & Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Richard Besdine
- Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Daniel E. Forman
- Section of Geriatric Cardiology, Department of Medicine (Divisions of Geriatrics and Cardiology)University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical CenterVA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Thomas G. Travison
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLifeHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Paul M. Ridker
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham & Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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González-Martín AM, Aibar-Almazán A, Rivas-Campo Y, Marín-Gutiérrez A, Castellote-Caballero Y. Effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on older adults with sleep disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1242868. [PMID: 38179560 PMCID: PMC10765593 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1242868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based program on sleep quality in healthy non-institutionalized older people. Methods This study was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Reviews And Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The search was conducted during May and June 2023 using four databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL. Different keywords combined with Boolean operators were used. Only 10 articles of the initial 177 were included. In the study, the standardized mean difference (SMD) was used along with a 95% confidence interval to measure the effect. Heterogeneity among the studies, assessed using Cochran's Q-test and the I2 statistic was found to be low, leading to the use of a fixed-effects model in the analysis. The effect size was expressed as Hedge'g. Furthermore, a subgroup analysis was conducted, taking into account the various tools used to assess sleep conditions. Results Mindfulness was found to reduce poor sleep quality in people with both long-term and short-term sleep disorders. Weighting effect model Hedge'g = -0.344 with a 95% confidence interval ranging from -0.425 to -0.263. In all cases, statistically significant results were observed, as well as moderate and negative effect sizes according to the Hedge's g index: -0.326 for Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), -0.343 for Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and -0.28 for Sleep Onset Latency (SOL). Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis found that mindfulness can be used to remedy poor sleep quality in older people, so it could be a viable treatment option for insomnia or other problems related to poor sleep quality in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María González-Martín
- Department of Education and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Atlántico Medio, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Centro de Educación Superior de Enseñanza e Investigación Educativa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Aibar-Almazán
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Yulieth Rivas-Campo
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of San Buenaventura-Cali, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Marín-Gutiérrez
- Department of Education and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Atlántico Medio, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Supriya R, Delfan M, Saeidi A, Samaie SS, Al Kiyumi MH, Escobar KA, Laher I, Heinrich KM, Weiss K, Knechtle B, Zouhal H. Spirulina Supplementation with High-Intensity Interval Training Decreases Adipokines Levels and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Men with Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:4891. [PMID: 38068748 PMCID: PMC10707917 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiposity, a state characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat, is closely linked to metabolic complications and the secretion of specific adipokines. This study explores the potential of exercise and Spirulina supplementation to mitigate these complications and modulate adipokine release associated with obesity. The primary objective of this investigation was to examine the impact of a 12-week regimen of high-intensity training combined with Spirulina supplementation on adipokine concentrations and lipid profiles in male individuals with obesity (N = 44). The participants were randomly distributed into four groups, each consisting of 11 participants: a control group (CG), a supplement group (SG), a training group (TG), and a training plus supplement group (TSG). The intervention comprised a 12-week treatment involving Spirulina supplementation (6 g capsule daily), a 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocol with three sessions per week, or a combined approach. Following the interventions, metabolic parameters, anthropometric measurements, cardiorespiratory indices, and circulating adipokines [CRP, Sema3C, TNF-α, IL-6, MCP1, IL-8] were assessed within 48 h of the before and final training session. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences across all measures among the groups (p < 0.05). Notably, post hoc analyses indicated substantial disparities between the CG and the three interventional groups regarding body weight (p < 0.05). The combined training and supplementation approach led to noteworthy reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TGL) levels (all p < 0.0001), coupled with an elevation in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, adipokine levels significantly declined in the three intervention groups relative to the CG (p < 0.05). The findings from this 12-week study demonstrate that Spirulina supplementation in conjunction with high-intensity interval training reduced adipokine levels, improved body weight and BMI, and enhanced lipid profiles. This investigation underscores the potential of Spirulina supplementation and high-intensity interval training as a synergistic strategy to ameliorate obesity-related complications and enhance overall cardiometabolic well-being in obese males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Supriya
- Center For Health & Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China;
| | - Maryam Delfan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran 15847-15414, Iran
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan 66177-15175, Iran;
| | - Seyedeh Somayeh Samaie
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Alborz Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran 15719-14911, Iran;
| | - Maisa Hamed Al Kiyumi
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat P.O. Box 35, Oman;
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat P.O. Box 35, Oman
| | - Kurt A. Escobar
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA;
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Katie M. Heinrich
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA;
- Research Department, the Phoenix, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (K.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (K.W.); (B.K.)
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé)—EA 1274, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), 35850 Irodouer, France
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Cieślicka M, Stankiewicz B, Muszkieta R, Tafil-Klawe M, Klawe J, Skarpańska-Stejnborn A, Ostapiuk-Karolczuk J. Long-Term Bovine Colostrum Supplementation in Football Players. Nutrients 2023; 15:4779. [PMID: 38004173 PMCID: PMC10675434 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise, especially of high intensity, is a significant burden on an athlete's body. It should be emphasized that achieving high results in competitive sports requires the use of significant, sometimes extreme, exercise loads during training, which may result in homeostasis disorders, adversely affecting the fitness of athletes. This study aims to investigate the effects of 6 months of bovine colostrum supplementation on indicators of immune system functioning, selected parameters related to iron management, and anabolic/catabolic balance in young football players. Twenty-eight male football players completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover protocol (24 weeks of colostrum/placebo). A standardized exercise test was executed at the beginning of the trial and after 3 and 6 months of supplementation. Blood samples were taken before and after the exercise test and after 3 h of recovery. Markers of iron homeostasis, pro- and anti-inflammatory balance, and hormonal responses were determined. A significant increase in immunoglobulin G concentration was observed, accompanied by a decrease in inflammatory markers in supplemented athletes. Bovine colostrum supplementation had no significant effect on athletes' performance or on iron management and hormonal response. The use of bovine colostrum, which is characterized by a high content of immunologically active compounds, can be an element of a relatively mild and safe intervention for reducing inflammation induced by intense physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosława Cieślicka
- Department of Human Physiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.C.); (M.T.-K.)
| | - Błażej Stankiewicz
- Department of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Radosław Muszkieta
- Department of Physical Culture, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Tafil-Klawe
- Department of Human Physiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.C.); (M.T.-K.)
| | - Jacek Klawe
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Ergonomy and Postgraduate Education, Nicolaus Copernicus University Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Anna Skarpańska-Stejnborn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400 Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland;
| | - Joanna Ostapiuk-Karolczuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400 Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland;
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Palmisano B, Riminucci M, Karsenty G. Interleukin-6 signaling in osteoblasts regulates bone remodeling during exercise. Bone 2023; 176:116870. [PMID: 37586472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise has many beneficial effects on human health. One of them, is to influence positively bone remodeling through, however, incompletely understood mechanisms. Given its recently demonstrated role as a mediator of the bone to muscle to bone crosstalk during exercise, we hypothesized that interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling in bone may contribute to the beneficial effect that exercise has on bone homeostasis. In this study, we first show that aerobic exercise increases the expression of Il6r in bones of WT mice. Then, we analyzed a mutant mouse strain that lacks the IL-6 receptor alpha specifically in osteoblasts (Il6rosb-/-). As it has been reported in the case of Il6-/- mice, in sedentary conditions, bone mass and remodeling were normal in adult Il6rosb-/- mice when compared to controls. In contrast, Il6rosb-/- mice that were subjected to aerobic exercise did not show the increase in bone mass and remodeling parameters that control littermates demonstrated. Moreover, Il6rosb-/- mice undergoing aerobic exercise showed a severe impairment in bone formation, indicating that activation of bone-forming cells is defective when IL-6 signaling in osteoblasts is disrupted. In sum, this study provides evidence that a function of IL-6 signaling in osteoblasts is to promote high bone turnover during aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Palmisano
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 701 W 168th street, New York, NY 10032, United States of America.
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 701 W 168th street, New York, NY 10032, United States of America.
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Khemka S, Reddy A, Garcia RI, Jacobs M, Reddy RP, Roghani AK, Pattoor V, Basu T, Sehar U, Reddy PH. Role of diet and exercise in aging, Alzheimer's disease, and other chronic diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102091. [PMID: 37832608 PMCID: PMC10842571 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by memory loss and multiple cognitive impairments. Genetic mutations cause a small proportion (1-2%) of early-onset AD, with mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2). Major contributing factors of late-onset AD are ApoE4 genotype, traumatic brain injury, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular conditions, in addition to lifestyle factors, such as unhealthy diet and lack of physical exercise. Disease progression can be delayed and/or prevented to a greater extent by adopting healthy lifestyle with balanced and antioxidant enriched diet and daily exercise. The interaction and interplay of diet, exercise, age, and pharmacological interventions holds a crucial role in the progression, pathogenesis and management of AD and its comorbidities, including diabetes, obesity, hypertension and cardiovascular conditions. Antioxidant enriched diet contributes to brain health, glucose control, weight management, and cardiovascular well-being. Regular exercise removes toxins including free radicals and enhances insulin sensitivity, and supports cardiovascular function. In the current article, we discussed, the role of diet, and exercise in aging, AD and other conditions including diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular conditions. This article also highlights the impact of medication, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, and pharmacological interventions. These aspects were discussed in different races and ethnic groups in Texas, and the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachi Khemka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Aananya Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Lubbock High School, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA
| | - Ricardo Isaiah Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Micheal Jacobs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Ruhananhad P Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Lubbock High School, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA
| | - Aryan Kia Roghani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Frenship High School, Lubbock, TX 79382, USA
| | - Vasanthkumar Pattoor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Tanisha Basu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department pf Speech, Language and Hearing Services, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Healthy Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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Tan L, Yan W, Yang W, Kamionka A, Lipowski M, Zhao Z, Zhao G. Effect of exercise on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2023; 183:112310. [PMID: 37844768 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Postmenopausal women affected by overweight and obesity are susceptible to a variety of diseases due to inflammation. Exercise may reduce the risk of disease by attenuating low-grade chronic inflammation. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of exercise on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women struggling with overweight and obesity. METHOD Literature as of May 2023 was searched from databases such as Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, and EBSCO and English-language randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that meet the inclusion criteria were selected. Studies were included based on the following criteria: (A) Written in English; (B) RCTs; (C) Postmenopausal women impacted by overweight and obesity as research objects; (D) Outcome measurements include CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and adiponectin; (E) Duration of the exercise intervention is eight weeks. RESULTS A total of 34 articles and 2229 participants were included. Exercise can significantly reduce the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) (MD: -0.59, 95 % CI: -0.87 to -0.31, p < 0.00001), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (MD: -0.65, 95 % CI: -0.94 to -0.35, p < 0.00001), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (MD: -0.48, 95 % CI: -0.75 to -0.21, p < 0.00001), and exercise can significantly increase the level of adiponectin (MD: 0.33, 95 % CI: 0.02 to 0.65, p = 0.04) in women impacted by overweight and obesity. CONCLUSION These results suggest that exercise may be an effective intervention for reducing pro-inflammatory markers and increasing adiponectin in postmenopausal women impacted by overweight and obesity. The findings may provide clinicians and healthcare professionals with insights into the implementation of exercise programs for postmenopausal women living with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tan
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; Changsha Commerce & Tourism College, 410116, Changsha, China.
| | - Weihua Yan
- School of Management, Beijing Sport University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Weilin Yang
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Agata Kamionka
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Lipowski
- Faculty of Social and Humanities, University WSB Merito, 80-266 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Zijian Zhao
- Physical Education Institute (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Gang Zhao
- Changsha Commerce & Tourism College, 410116, Changsha, China.
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Demers K, Bak MTJ, Bongers BC, de Vries AC, Jonkers DMAE, Pierik MJ, Stassen LPS. Scoping review on health-related physical fitness in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Assessment, interventions, and future directions. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5406-5427. [PMID: 37900583 PMCID: PMC10600796 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i38.5406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reaching the Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease-II (STRIDE-II) therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) requires an interdisciplinary approach. Lifestyle interventions focusing on enhancing and preserving health-related physical fitness (HRPF) may aid in improving subjective health, decreasing disability, or even controlling inflammation. However, ambiguity remains about the status and impact of HRPF (i.e. body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility) in IBD patients, hindering the development of physical activity and physical exercise training guidelines. AIM To review HRPF components in IBD patients and the impact of physical activity and physical exercise training interventions on HRPF. METHODS A systematic search in multiple databases was conducted for original studies that included patients with IBD, assessed one or more HRPF components, and/or evaluated physical activity or physical exercise training interventions. RESULTS Sixty-eight articles were included. No study examined the complete concept of HRPF, and considerable heterogeneity existed in assessment methods, with frequent use of non-validated tests. According to studies that used gold standard tests, cardiorespiratory fitness seemed to be reduced, but findings on muscular strength and endurance were inconsistent. A limited number of studies that evaluated physical activity or physical exercise training interventions reported effects on HRPF, overall showing a positive impact. CONCLUSION We performed a scoping review using a systematic and iterative approach to identify and synthesize an emerging body of literature on health-related physical fitness in patients with IBD, highlighting several research gaps and opportunities for future research. Findings of this review revealed a gap in the literature regarding the accurate assessment of HRPF in patients with IBD and highlighted important methodological limitations of studies that evaluated physical activity or physical exercise training interventions. This scoping review is a step towards performing studies and systematic reviews in the future, which was not possible at present given the heterogeneity in endpoints and designs of the available studies on this topic. Future well-designed studies are required to determine the optimal training paradigm for improving HRPF in patients with IBD before guidelines can be developed and integrated into the therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn Demers
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht 6229 HX, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht 6229 HX, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 ER, Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 ER, Netherlands
| | - Michiel T J Bak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3015 GD, Netherlands
| | - Bart C Bongers
- Department of Surgery, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 ER, Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 ER, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie C de Vries
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3015 GD, Netherlands
| | - Daisy M A E Jonkers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 ER, Netherlands
| | - Marieke J Pierik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht 6229 HX, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 ER, Netherlands
| | - Laurents P S Stassen
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht 6229 HX, Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 ER, Netherlands
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Tarantino G, Sinatti G, Citro V, Santini SJ, Balsano C. Sarcopenia, a condition shared by various diseases: can we alleviate or delay the progression? Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:1887-1895. [PMID: 37490203 PMCID: PMC10543607 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a severe condition common to various chronic diseases and it is reckoned as a major health problem. It encompasses many different molecular mechanisms that have been for a while discovered but not definitely clarified. Although sarcopenia is a disability status that leads to serious health consequences, the scarcity of suitable animal models has curtailed research addressing this disorder. Another limitation in the field of clinical investigation of sarcopenic patients is the lack of a generally accepted definition coupled with the difficulty of adopting common diagnostic criteria. In fact, both do not permit to clarify the exact prevalence rate and consequently limit physicians to establish any kind of therapeutical approach or, when possible, to adopt preventive measures. Unfortunately, there is no standardized cure, apart from doing more physical activity and embracing a balanced diet, but newly discovered substances start being considered. In this review, authors try to give an overview addressing principal pathways of sarcopenia and offer critical features of various possible interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaia Sinatti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences‑MESVA, School of Emergency‑Urgency Medicine, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Citro
- Department of General Medicine, "Umberto I" Hospital, Nocera Inferiore, SA, Italy
| | - Silvano Jr Santini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences‑MESVA, School of Emergency‑Urgency Medicine, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
- Francesco Balsano Foundation, Via Giovanni Battista Martini 6, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Balsano
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences‑MESVA, School of Emergency‑Urgency Medicine, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
- Francesco Balsano Foundation, Via Giovanni Battista Martini 6, 00198, Rome, Italy.
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35
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Christensen RAG, Knight JA, Sutradhar R, Brooks JD. Association between estimated cardiorespiratory fitness and breast cancer: a prospective cohort study. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:1238-1247. [PMID: 37336634 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. METHODS This study used data from 17 840 cancer-free postmenopausal women with a CRF assessment from the UK Biobank. High estimated CRF (eCRF) was categorised as being >80th percentile within 10-year age bands. Fine and Gray regression was used to examine the association between eCRF and breast cancer risk, accounting for both non-breast cancer diagnoses and all-cause mortality as competing risks. Age was used as the time scale. Several different models were produced, including those adjusting for known breast cancer risk factors, and stratified by measures of body fat (body mass index and per cent body fat). RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 11.0 years there were 529 cases of invasive breast cancer, 1623 cases of non-breast cancer disease and 241 deaths. With adjustment for breast cancer risk factors, high eCRF was associated with a 24% (subdistribution HR (SDHR) 0.76, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.97) lower risk of breast cancer. When stratified by measures of body fat, we found evidence of effect measure modification. Mainly, having high eCRF was only associated with a lower risk of breast cancer among those classified as having overweight/obesity (SDHR 0.33, 95% CI 0.11 to 1.01) or percentage body fat above the 1st quintile (SDHR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.94). CONCLUSION Having higher CRF may be a protective factor against breast cancer in postmenopausal women but only for women with elevated body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A G Christensen
- Public Health Sciences, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia A Knight
- Public Health Sciences, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rinku Sutradhar
- Public Health Sciences, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institue of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer D Brooks
- Public Health Sciences, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Cutuli D, Decandia D, Giacovazzo G, Coccurello R. Physical Exercise as Disease-Modifying Alternative against Alzheimer's Disease: A Gut-Muscle-Brain Partnership. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14686. [PMID: 37834132 PMCID: PMC10572207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common cause of dementia characterized by neurodegenerative dysregulations, cognitive impairments, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Physical exercise (PE) has emerged as a powerful tool for reducing chronic inflammation, improving overall health, and preventing cognitive decline. The connection between the immune system, gut microbiota (GM), and neuroinflammation highlights the role of the gut-brain axis in maintaining brain health and preventing neurodegenerative diseases. Neglected so far, PE has beneficial effects on microbial composition and diversity, thus providing the potential to alleviate neurological symptoms. There is bidirectional communication between the gut and muscle, with GM diversity modulation and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production affecting muscle metabolism and preservation, and muscle activity/exercise in turn inducing significant changes in GM composition, functionality, diversity, and SCFA production. This gut-muscle and muscle-gut interplay can then modulate cognition. For instance, irisin, an exercise-induced myokine, promotes neuroplasticity and cognitive function through BDNF signaling. Irisin and muscle-generated BDNF may mediate the positive effects of physical activity against some aspects of AD pathophysiology through the interaction of exercise with the gut microbial ecosystem, neural plasticity, anti-inflammatory signaling pathways, and neurogenesis. Understanding gut-muscle-brain interconnections hold promise for developing strategies to promote brain health, fight age-associated cognitive decline, and improve muscle health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Cutuli
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Davide Decandia
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Giacovazzo
- European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Teramo (UniTE), 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Roberto Coccurello
- European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Institute for Complex Systems (ISC), National Council of Research (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
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Khalafi M, Akbari A, Symonds ME, Pourvaghar MJ, Rosenkranz SK, Tabari E. Influence of different modes of exercise training on inflammatory markers in older adults with and without chronic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cytokine 2023; 169:156303. [PMID: 37467710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ageing can be accompanied by increased inflammation, which contributes to the development of sarcopenia. Exercise training could be effective for preventing sarcopenia and mitigate inflammation and thus a viable intervention in ageing. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of exercise training on markers of inflammation including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in older adults (≥65 years). Exercise-based interventions are most successful in preventing the decline in skeletal muscle mass and in preserving or ameliorating functional capacities with increasing age. METHOD PubMed and Web of Science were searched through to December 2021 using "exercise", "inflammatory markers", "elderly", and "randomized controlled trial" to identify randomized trials evaluating the effects of exercise training versus control groups on IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP in older adults with mean ages ≥ 65 yrs. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were determined using random effects models. RESULTS Forty studies involving 49 trials and 1,898 older adults were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, exercise training reduced IL-6 [-0.17 (95% CI -0.32 to -0.02), p = 0.02], TNF-α [-0.30 (95% CI -0.46 to -0.13), p = 0.001], and CRP [-0.45 (95% CI -0.61 to -0.29), p = 0.001]. Subgroup analyses showed that IL-6 was reduced significantly by combined training, TNF-α by aerobic training, and CRP by aerobic, resistance, and combined training. In addition, exercise training reduced IL-6 and TNF-α in older adults with chronic diseases, and CRP in older adults with and without chronic diseases. CONCLUSION The current results highlight that exercise training, regardless of exercise type, has small to moderate beneficial effects on markers of inflammation in older adults, particularly in those with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Amir Akbari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, Centre for Perinatal Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Javad Pourvaghar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Elma Tabari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
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Álvarez-Herms J, González A, Corbi F, Odriozola I, Odriozola A. Possible relationship between the gut leaky syndrome and musculoskeletal injuries: the important role of gut microbiota as indirect modulator. AIMS Public Health 2023; 10:710-738. [PMID: 37842270 PMCID: PMC10567981 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2023049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aims to examine the evidence on the relationship between gut microbiota (GM), leaky gut syndrome and musculoskeletal injuries. Musculoskeletal injuries can significantly impair athletic performance, overall health, and quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that the state of the gut microbiota and the functional intestinal permeability may contribute to injury recovery. Since 2007, a growing field of research has supported the idea that GM exerts an essential role maintaining intestinal homeostasis and organic and systemic health. Leaky gut syndrome is an acquired condition where the intestinal permeability is impaired, and different bacteria and/or toxins enter in the bloodstream, thereby promoting systemic endotoxemia and chronic low-grade inflammation. This systemic condition could indirectly contribute to increased local musculoskeletal inflammation and chronificate injuries and pain, thereby reducing recovery-time and limiting sport performance. Different strategies, including a healthy diet and the intake of pre/probiotics, may contribute to improving and/or restoring gut health, thereby modulating both systemically as local inflammation and pain. Here, we sought to identify critical factors and potential strategies that could positively improve gut microbiota and intestinal health, and reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries and its recovery-time and pain. In conclusion, recent evidences indicate that improving gut health has indirect consequences on the musculoskeletal tissue homeostasis and recovery through the direct modulation of systemic inflammation, the immune response and the nociceptive pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080 Leioa, Spain
- Phymo Lab, Physiology, and Molecular laboratory, Spain
| | - Adriana González
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080 Leioa, Spain
| | - Francisco Corbi
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Centre de Lleida, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Iñaki Odriozola
- Health Department of Basque Government, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Adrian Odriozola
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080 Leioa, Spain
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Huang S, Zhan Y, Jeon S, Bruner DW, Miller AH, Felger JC, Wommack EC, Saba NF, Higgins KA, Irwin ML, Gary RA, Xiao C. Longitudinal associations among physical activity, inflammatory markers, and quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2023; 45:1952-1966. [PMID: 37288586 PMCID: PMC10330673 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to explore the associations among physical activity (PA), inflammatory markers, and quality of life (QoL) from preradiotherapy to 1-year postradiotherapy for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). METHODS This was an observational longitudinal study. Mixed-effect models incorporating within-subject correlation were used to examine the relationship among the three key variables. RESULTS Aerobically active patients had significantly lower levels of sTNFR2 (but not other inflammatory markers) than aerobically inactive patients. Being aerobically active and lower inflammation were independently associated with better total QoL scores after adjusting covariates. The trend was similar for patients engaged in strength exercises. CONCLUSIONS Being aerobically active was associated with lower inflammation as represented by sTNFR2 but not with other inflammatory markers. Higher PA (aerobic and strength) and lower inflammation were linked to better QoL. More research is warranted to validate the association among PA, inflammation, and QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Huang
- NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yan Zhan
- Yale School of Nursing, Orange, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nabil F Saba
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Melinda L Irwin
- Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rebecca A Gary
- Emory University School of Nursing, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Canhua Xiao
- Emory University School of Nursing, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Visco V, Izzo C, Bonadies D, Di Feo F, Caliendo G, Loria F, Mancusi C, Chivasso P, Di Pietro P, Virtuoso N, Carrizzo A, Vecchione C, Ciccarelli M. Interventions to Address Cardiovascular Risk in Obese Patients: Many Hands Make Light Work. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:327. [PMID: 37623340 PMCID: PMC10455377 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10080327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing public health epidemic worldwide and is implicated in slowing improved life expectancy and increasing cardiovascular (CV) risk; indeed, several obesity-related mechanisms drive structural, functional, humoral, and hemodynamic heart alterations. On the other hand, obesity may indirectly cause CV disease, mediated through different obesity-associated comorbidities. Diet and physical activity are key points in preventing CV disease and reducing CV risk; however, these strategies alone are not always sufficient, so other approaches, such as pharmacological treatments and bariatric surgery, must support them. Moreover, these strategies are associated with improved CV risk factors and effectively reduce the incidence of death and CV events such as myocardial infarction and stroke; consequently, an individualized care plan with a multidisciplinary approach is recommended. More precisely, this review explores several interventions (diet, physical activity, pharmacological and surgical treatments) to address CV risk in obese patients and emphasizes the importance of adherence to treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Visco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.V.); (C.I.); (D.B.); (F.D.F.); (G.C.); (F.L.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Carmine Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.V.); (C.I.); (D.B.); (F.D.F.); (G.C.); (F.L.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Davide Bonadies
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.V.); (C.I.); (D.B.); (F.D.F.); (G.C.); (F.L.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Federica Di Feo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.V.); (C.I.); (D.B.); (F.D.F.); (G.C.); (F.L.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Caliendo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.V.); (C.I.); (D.B.); (F.D.F.); (G.C.); (F.L.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Francesco Loria
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.V.); (C.I.); (D.B.); (F.D.F.); (G.C.); (F.L.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Costantino Mancusi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Pierpaolo Chivasso
- Department of Emergency Cardiac Surgery, Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Paola Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.V.); (C.I.); (D.B.); (F.D.F.); (G.C.); (F.L.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Nicola Virtuoso
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.V.); (C.I.); (D.B.); (F.D.F.); (G.C.); (F.L.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (C.V.)
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.V.); (C.I.); (D.B.); (F.D.F.); (G.C.); (F.L.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (C.V.)
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.V.); (C.I.); (D.B.); (F.D.F.); (G.C.); (F.L.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (C.V.)
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Saeidi A, Saei MA, Mohammadi B, Zarei HRA, Vafaei M, Mohammadi AS, Barati M, Montazer M, Razi O, Kiyumi MHA, Laher I, Gholami M, Weiss K, Knechtle B, Zouhal H. Supplementation with spinach-derived thylakoid augments the benefits of high intensity training on adipokines, insulin resistance and lipid profiles in males with obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1141796. [PMID: 37576981 PMCID: PMC10422041 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1141796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study investigated the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity functional training (HIFT) combined with spinach-derived thylakoid supplementation on some selected Adipokines and insulin resistance in males with obesity. Method Sixty-eight participants (mean age: 27.6 ± 8.4 yrs.; mean height: 168.4 ± 2.6 cm; mean weight: 95.7 ± 3.8 kg, mean BMI: 32.6 ± 2.6 kg/m2) were randomly divided into four groups of 17 per group: Control group (CG), Supplement group (SG), Training group (TG), and Training + supplement group (TSG). Following baseline measurements, the two training groups (TG and TSG) started the 12 weeks of exercise training program (3 sessions per week). A total of 36 sessions lasting up to 60 min were included in the HIFT program using the CrossFit program. The eligible participants received 5 g/day of thylakoid-rich spinach extract or matching placebo as 5 g/day of raw corn starch (one sachet, 30 min before lunch) for 12 weeks. Baseline assessments were obtained 48 hours before the start of the training protocols and 48 hours after the last training session in all groups. Results There were significant interactions (p<0.001 for all) between exercise and time for adiponectin (ES:0.48), leptin (ES:0.46), resistin (ES:0.3), omentin (ES:0.65), vaspin (ES:0.46), visfatin (ES:0.62), apelin (ES:0.42), RBP4 (ES:0.63), chemrin (0.36) and semaphorin3c (ES: 0.5). Plasma levels of semaphorin3c were significantly correlated (p<0.05) with body weight (r= 0.57), BMI (r= 0.43), FFM (r= -0.612), FAT (r= 0.768), VO2peak (r=-0.53), insulin (r= 0.756), glucose (r= 0.623), and HOMA-IR (r= 0.727). There were also significant group differences in insulin (ES: 0.77), glucose (ES: 0.21), and HOM-IR (ES: 0.44) (p<0.05). Discussion Our findings indicate that 12 weeks of HIFT supplemented with spinach-derived thylakoid reduced levels of leptin, resistin, vaspin, visfatin, apelin, RBP4, chemrin, semaphorin3c and insulin resistance while increasing adiponectin and omentin levels in men with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Saei
- Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Mohammadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Akbarzadeh Zarei
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morvarid Vafaei
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shayan Mohammadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Barati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Montazer
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Razi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maisa Hamed Al Kiyumi
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of 87 Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mandana Gholami
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Univ Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé), Rennes, France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouer, France
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Mayor E. Neurotrophic effects of intermittent fasting, calorie restriction and exercise: a review and annotated bibliography. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1161814. [PMID: 37334045 PMCID: PMC10273285 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1161814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, important progress has been achieved in the understanding of the neurotrophic effects of intermittent fasting (IF), calorie restriction (CR) and exercise. Improved neuroprotection, synaptic plasticity and adult neurogenesis (NSPAN) are essential examples of these neurotrophic effects. The importance in this respect of the metabolic switch from glucose to ketone bodies as cellular fuel has been highlighted. More recently, calorie restriction mimetics (CRMs; resveratrol and other polyphenols in particular) have been investigated thoroughly in relation to NSPAN. In the narrative review sections of this manuscript, recent findings on these essential functions are synthesized and the most important molecules involved are presented. The most researched signaling pathways (PI3K, Akt, mTOR, AMPK, GSK3β, ULK, MAPK, PGC-1α, NF-κB, sirtuins, Notch, Sonic hedgehog and Wnt) and processes (e.g., anti-inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis) that support or thwart neuroprotection, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis are then briefly presented. This provides an accessible entry point to the literature. In the annotated bibliography section of this contribution, brief summaries are provided of about 30 literature reviews relating to the neurotrophic effects of interest in relation to IF, CR, CRMs and exercise. Most of the selected reviews address these essential functions from the perspective of healthier aging (sometimes discussing epigenetic factors) and the reduction of the risk for neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease) and depression or the improvement of cognitive function.
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Rahman M, Russell SL, Okwose NC, Hood OMA, Harwood AE, McGregor G, Raleigh SM, Sandhu H, Roden LC, Maddock H, Banerjee P, Jakovljevic DG. Cardiovascular implications and physical activity in middle-aged and older adults with a history of COVID-19 (CV COVID): a protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:328. [PMID: 37179415 PMCID: PMC10181919 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical manifestation of COVID-19 is associated with infection and inflammation of the lungs, but there is evidence to suggest that COVID-19 may also affect the structure and function of the cardiovascular system. At present, it is not fully understood to what extent COVID-19 impacts cardiovascular function in the short- and long-term following infection. The aim of the present study is twofold: (i) to define the effect of COVID-19 on cardiovascular function (i.e. arterial stiffness, cardiac systolic and diastolic function) in otherwise healthy individuals and (ii) to evaluate the effect of a home-based physical activity intervention on cardiovascular function in people with a history of COVID-19. METHODS This prospective, single-centre, observational study will recruit 120 COVID-19-vaccinated adult participants aged between 50 and 85 years, i.e. 80 with a history of COVID-19 and 40 healthy controls without a history of COVID-19. All participants will undergo baseline assessments including 12-lead electrocardiography, heart rate variability, arterial stiffness, rest and stress echocardiography with speckle tracking imaging, spirometry, maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing, 7-day physical activity and sleep measures and quality of life questionnaires. Blood samples will be collected to assess the microRNA expression profiles, cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers, i.e. cardiac troponin T; N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide; tumour necrosis factor alpha; interleukins 1, 6 and 10; C-reactive protein; D-dimer; and vascular endothelial growth factors. Following baseline assessments, COVID-19 participants will be randomised 1:1 into a 12-week home-based physical activity intervention aiming to increase their daily number of steps by 2000 from baseline. The primary outcome is change in left ventricular global longitudinal strain. Secondary outcomes are arterial stiffness, systolic and diastolic function of the heart, functional capacity, lung function, sleep measures, quality of life and well-being (depression, anxiety, stress and sleep efficiency). DISCUSSION The study will provide insights into the cardiovascular implications of COVID-19 and their malleability with a home-based physical activity intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05492552. Registered on 7 April 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushidur Rahman
- Research Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Alison Gingell Building, 20 White Friars Street, Coventry, CV1 2DS, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Sophie L Russell
- Research Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Alison Gingell Building, 20 White Friars Street, Coventry, CV1 2DS, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Nduka C Okwose
- Research Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Alison Gingell Building, 20 White Friars Street, Coventry, CV1 2DS, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Olivia M A Hood
- School of Biosciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Amy E Harwood
- Research Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Alison Gingell Building, 20 White Friars Street, Coventry, CV1 2DS, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Gordon McGregor
- Research Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Alison Gingell Building, 20 White Friars Street, Coventry, CV1 2DS, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Stuart M Raleigh
- Research Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Alison Gingell Building, 20 White Friars Street, Coventry, CV1 2DS, UK
| | - Hardip Sandhu
- Research Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Alison Gingell Building, 20 White Friars Street, Coventry, CV1 2DS, UK
| | - Laura C Roden
- Research Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Alison Gingell Building, 20 White Friars Street, Coventry, CV1 2DS, UK
- Health Through Physical Activity Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre & Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Helen Maddock
- Research Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Alison Gingell Building, 20 White Friars Street, Coventry, CV1 2DS, UK
| | - Prithwish Banerjee
- Research Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Alison Gingell Building, 20 White Friars Street, Coventry, CV1 2DS, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Djordje G Jakovljevic
- Research Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Alison Gingell Building, 20 White Friars Street, Coventry, CV1 2DS, UK.
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK.
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Bigseth TT, Engh JA, Andersen E, Bang-Kittilsen G, Egeland J, Falk RS, Holmen TL, Mordal J, Nielsen J, Ueland T, Vang T, Fredriksen M. Alterations in inflammatory markers after a 12-week exercise program in individuals with schizophrenia-a randomized controlled trial. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1175171. [PMID: 37265560 PMCID: PMC10231033 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1175171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In individuals with schizophrenia, inflammation is associated with depression, somatic comorbidity and reduced quality of life. Physical exercise is known to reduce inflammation in other populations, but we have only limited knowledge in the field of schizophrenia. We assessed inflammatory markers in plasma samples from individuals with schizophrenia participating in an exercise intervention randomized controlled trial. We hypothesized that (i) physical exercise would reduce levels of inflammatory markers and (ii) elevated inflammatory status at baseline would be associated with improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) following intervention. Method Eighty-two individuals with schizophrenia were randomized to a 12-week intervention of either high-intensity interval training (HIIT, n = 43) or active video gaming (AVG, n = 39). Participants were assessed at baseline, post intervention and four months later. The associations between exercise and the inflammatory markers soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, c-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), soluble TNF receptor 1 and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were estimated using linear mixed effect models for repeated measures. For estimating associations between baseline inflammation and change in CRF, we used linear regression models. Results Our main findings were (i) TNF and IL-6 increased during the intervention period for both groups. Other inflammatory markers did not change during the exercise intervention period; (ii) baseline inflammatory status did not influence change in CRF during intervention, except for a positive association between baseline IL-6 levels and improvements of CRF to post intervention for both groups. Conclusion In our study, HIIT and AVG for 12-weeks had no reducing effect on inflammatory markers. Patients with high baseline IL-6 levels had a positive change in CRF during intervention. In order to increase our knowledge regarding association between inflammatory markers and exercise in individuals with schizophrenia, larger studies with more frequent and longer exercise bout duration are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Torgersen Bigseth
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - John Abel Engh
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Eivind Andersen
- Faculty of Humanities, Sports and Educational Science, University of Southeast Norway, Horten, Norway
| | - Gry Bang-Kittilsen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Jens Egeland
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Sørum Falk
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Langerud Holmen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Jon Mordal
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Jimmi Nielsen
- Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thor Ueland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway
| | - Torkel Vang
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mats Fredriksen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
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Swain CT, Drummond AE, Milne RL, English DR, Brown KA, Lou MW, Boing L, Bageley A, Skinner TL, van Roekel EH, Moore MM, Gaunt TR, Martin RM, Lewis SJ, Lynch BM. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Inflammation, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on Inflammation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:588-596. [PMID: 36867865 PMCID: PMC10150243 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective effect of physical activity on breast cancer incidence may partially be mediated by inflammation. Systematic searches of Medline, EMBASE, and SPORTDiscus were performed to identify intervention studies, Mendelian randomization studies, and prospective cohort studies that examined the effects of physical activity on circulating inflammatory biomarkers in adult women. Meta-analyses were performed to generate effect estimates. Risk of bias was assessed, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system was used to determine the overall quality of the evidence. Thirty-five intervention studies and one observational study met the criteria for inclusion. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCT) indicated that, compared with control groups, exercise interventions reduced levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.62 to 0.08), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα, SMD = -0.63, 95% CI = -1.04 to -0.22), interleukin-6 (IL6, SMD = -0.55, 95% CI = -0.97 to -0.13) and leptin (SMD = -0.50, 95% CI = -1.10 to 0.09). Owing to heterogeneity in effect estimates and imprecision, evidence strength was graded as low (CRP, leptin) or moderate (TNFα and IL6). High-quality evidence indicated that exercise did not change adiponectin levels (SMD = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.14 to 0.17). These findings provide support for the biological plausibility of the first part of the physical activity-inflammation-breast cancer pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann E. Drummond
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dallas R. English
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kristy A. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Makayla W.C. Lou
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leonessa Boing
- Laboratory of Research in Leisure and Physical Activity, Santa Catarina State University, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Amy Bageley
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tina L. Skinner
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Eline H. van Roekel
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa M. Moore
- Medical Oncology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tom R. Gaunt
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M. Martin
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah J. Lewis
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Brigid M. Lynch
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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46
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Mahon N, Glennon JC. The Bi-directional Relationship Between Sleep and Inflammation in Muscular Dystrophies: A Narrative Review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105116. [PMID: 36870583 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies vary in presentation and severity, but are associated with profound disability in many people. Although characterised by muscle weakness and wasting, there is also a very high prevalence of sleep problems and disorders which have significant impacts on quality of life in these individuals. There are no curative therapies for muscular dystrophies, with the only options for patients being supportive therapies to aid with symptoms. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic targets and a greater understanding of pathogenesis. Inflammation and altered immunity are factors which have prominent roles in some muscular dystrophies and emerging roles in others such as type 1 myotonic dystrophy, signifying a link to pathogenesis. Interestingly, there is also a strong link between inflammation/immunity and sleep. In this review, we will explore this link in the context of muscular dystrophies and how it may influence potential therapeutic targets and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Mahon
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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47
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Schulze A, Busse M. Long-term training improves clinical signs of periodontal disease in type 2 diabetic patients: a pilot trial. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:478-484. [PMID: 36321814 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.22.14197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation is related to diabetes mellitus. Periodontal disease may be considered a local manifestation of systemic inflammation in association with diabetes mellitus. Physical activity may have a positive effect on inflammatory diseases. We investigated the effects of exercise training on periodontal inflammation in diabetic patients. METHODS Out of 69 diabetic patients with periodontitis, 40 subjects participated in a recreational training, while 29 subjects performed no training. All underwent a periodontal examination before and after 6.14±1.24 months and completed a dental hygiene questionnaire. RESULTS In the long-term training group the following parameters decreased: hemoglobin A1c from 6.7±1.0% to 6.3±0.7% (P<0.007), papillary bleeding score 3 by 60% (P<0.0003), and the mean of all probing pocket depths 4 - 6 mm by 40% (P<0.0001). No significant weight changes and no improvements in oral health behavior were observed in either of the groups. No correlation between hemoglobin A1c or weight and periodontal parameters was found. CONCLUSIONS A six-months recreational training was independently related to improved clinical signs of periodontal disease in diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antina Schulze
- Department of Sports Dentistry, Institute of Sports Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany -
| | - Martin Busse
- General Outpatient Clinic of Sports Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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48
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Custodero C, Pahor M, Mazzoccoli C, Manini TM, Anton SD, Mazzocca A, Lozupone M, Panza F, Sabbà C, Solfrizzi V. Effect of change of interleukin-6 over time on gait speed response: Results from the lifestyle interventions and independence for elders study. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 210:111763. [PMID: 36526102 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 is a well-accepted biomarker of chronic low-grade inflammation possibly conditioning the effect of physical activity (PA) intervention on physical performance in mobility-limited older adults. We evaluated PA intervention effects on 400 m gait speed by yearly change of IL-6 levels in a post-hoc analysis from Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study, a multicenter single-blind randomized clinical trial on 1300 sedentary older adults (mean age:78.85 ± 5.23,65.85 % women) at risk for mobility disability. We compared the intervention effects on 400 m gait speed at 12 months follow-up, according to yearly IL-6 change categorized for 1 pg/ml increase or decrease, and subsequently for larger range of yearly variation. Among subjects with yearly IL-6 change between -1 and + 2 pg/ml, we observed a significant difference of gait speed in PA intervention group compared to healthy educational intervention group [0.041 m/s,95 % confidence interval (CI):0.008-0.074,p = 0.006;Cohen's d:0.26, 95 % CI:0.12-0.41). No effects were observed on 400 m gait speed for wider range of variation of plasma IL-6 levels. Limiting change of IL-6 levels under this specific hormetic window could be an important goal to achieve better benefit from PA intervention in terms of gait speed change and prevention of mobility disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Custodero
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Pahor
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carmela Mazzoccoli
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Todd M Manini
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen D Anton
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Antonio Mazzocca
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Madia Lozupone
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy.
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
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Uleman JF, Mancini E, Al-Shama RF, te Velde AA, Kraneveld AD, Castiglione F. A multiscale hybrid model for exploring the effect of Resolvin D1 on macrophage polarization during acute inflammation. Math Biosci 2023; 359:108997. [PMID: 36996999 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2023.108997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated inflammation underlies various diseases. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) like Resolvin D1 (RvD1) have been shown to resolve inflammation and halt disease progression. Macrophages, key immune cells that drive inflammation, respond to the presence of RvD1 by polarizing to an anti-inflammatory type (M2). However, RvD1's mechanisms, roles, and utility are not fully understood. This paper introduces a gene-regulatory network (GRN) model that contains pathways for RvD1 and other SPMs and proinflammatory molecules like lipopolysaccharides. We couple this GRN model to a partial differential equation - agent-based hybrid model using a multiscale framework to simulate an acute inflammatory response with and without the presence of RvD1. We calibrate and validate the model using experimental data from two animal models. The model reproduces the dynamics of key immune components and the effects of RvD1 during acute inflammation. Our results suggest RvD1 can drive macrophage polarization through the G protein-coupled receptor 32 (GRP32) pathway. The presence of RvD1 leads to an earlier and increased M2 polarization, reduced neutrophil recruitment, and faster apoptotic neutrophil clearance. These results support a body of literature that suggests that RvD1 is a promising candidate for promoting the resolution of acute inflammation. We conclude that once calibrated and validated on human data, the model can identify critical sources of uncertainty, which could be further elucidated in biological experiments and assessed for clinical use.
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50
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Wang S, Li Y, Yue Y, Yuan C, Kang JH, Chavarro JE, Bhupathiraju SN, Roberts AL. Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Prior to Infection and Risk of Post-COVID-19 Condition. JAMA Intern Med 2023; 183:232-241. [PMID: 36745445 PMCID: PMC9989904 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.6555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Importance Few modifiable risk factors for post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) have been identified. Objective To investigate the association between healthy lifestyle factors prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of PCC. Design, Setting, and Participants In this prospective cohort study, 32 249 women in the Nurses' Health Study II cohort reported preinfection lifestyle habits in 2015 and 2017. Healthy lifestyle factors included healthy body mass index (BMI, 18.5-24.9; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), never smoking, at least 150 minutes per week of moderate to vigorous physical activity, moderate alcohol intake (5 to 15 g/d), high diet quality (upper 40% of Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 score), and adequate sleep (7 to 9 h/d). Main Outcomes and Measures SARS-CoV-2 infection (confirmed by test) and PCC (at least 4 weeks of symptoms) were self-reported on 7 periodic surveys administered from April 2020 to November 2021. Among participants with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the relative risk (RR) of PCC in association with the number of healthy lifestyle factors (0 to 6) was estimated using Poisson regression and adjusting for demographic factors and comorbidities. Results A total of 1981 women with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test over 19 months of follow-up were documented. Among those participants, mean age was 64.7 years (SD, 4.6; range, 55-75); 97.4% (n = 1929) were White; and 42.8% (n = 848) were active health care workers. Among these, 871 (44.0%) developed PCC. Healthy lifestyle was associated with lower risk of PCC in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with women without any healthy lifestyle factors, those with 5 to 6 had 49% lower risk (RR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.33-0.78) of PCC. In a model mutually adjusted for all lifestyle factors, BMI and sleep were independently associated with risk of PCC (BMI, 18.5-24.9 vs others, RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73-1.00, P = .046; sleep, 7-9 h/d vs others, RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72-0.95, P = .008). If these associations were causal, 36.0% of PCC cases would have been prevented if all participants had 5 to 6 healthy lifestyle factors (population attributable risk percentage, 36.0%; 95% CI, 14.1%-52.7%). Results were comparable when PCC was defined as symptoms of at least 2-month duration or having ongoing symptoms at the time of PCC assessment. Conclusions and Relevance In this prospective cohort study, pre-infection healthy lifestyle was associated with a substantially lower risk of PCC. Future research should investigate whether lifestyle interventions may reduce risk of developing PCC or mitigate symptoms among individuals with PCC or possibly other postinfection syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yiyang Yue
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jae Hee Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jorge E. Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea L. Roberts
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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