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Han S, Zhang Y, Yuan J, Wu Y, Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Li X, Zhou S. sPD-L1 and sPD-L2 in plasma of patients with lung cancer and their clinical significance. Cytokine 2024; 176:156532. [PMID: 38330638 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. We aim here to determine the soluble programmed death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) and soluble programmed death ligand-2 (sPD-L2) levels in the plasma of patients with lung cancer and evaluate the clinical significance. METHODS Plasma samples from 95 lung cancer patients and 55 healthy donors were collected, and the sPD-L1 and sPD-L2 levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlations of the plasma sPD-L1 and sPD-L2 levels with clinicopathological status and survival of the patients were analyzed. RESULTS The sPD-L1 and sPD-L2 levels in plasma of lung cancer patients were 713.8 (240.6-3815) pg/ mL and 3233(1122-13955) pg/ mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the health donors 618.6 (189.1-1149) pg/ mL and 2182 (1133-3471) pg/ mL, and the plasma levels of sPD-L1 are correlated with sPD-L2. ROC results showed that both sPD-L1 and sPD-L2 were potential biomarker for lung cancer, and with a higher accuracy level when combined with CEA. Patients with Higher plasma sPD-L1 level (>713.75 pg/ mL) are associated with poor overall survival in advanced lung cancer patients (197 days vs 643 days). CONCLUSIONS The combination of sPD-L1 and sPD-L2 could be used as adjunctive diagnostic, High level of plasma sPD-L1 rather than sPD-L2 is associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Han
- The Aoyang Cancer Institute, The Affilated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, 215600 Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Aoyang Cancer Institute, The Affilated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, 215600 Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingzhi Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affilated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, 215600 Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affilated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, 215600 Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affilated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, 215600 Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Affilated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, 215600 Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jiangsu Shengze Hospital, Suzhou, 215200, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shuru Zhou
- The Aoyang Cancer Institute, The Affilated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, 215600 Jiangsu, China.
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Rong L, Zhao H, Li Y, Jin M, Lu J. Expression and correlation of PD-L1 and HER2 in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2024; 77:233-238. [PMID: 36650045 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In recent years, patients with programmed cell death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have been able to benefit from immunotherapy. However, method for improving the treatment efficacy of PD-L1-positive patients is a problem that needs further consideration. Studies on the relationship between human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and PD-L1 expression have recently been reported in certain cancers, but the relationship between PD-L1 and HER2 expression in OSCC is still unclear. METHODS A total of 263 patients with OSCC were included in the study. PD-L1 protein expression and HER2 protein expression were analysed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) was performed to assess HER2 gene amplification. The significance of differences between HER2 status, PD-L1 status and clinicopathological parameters was assessed. The relationship between PD-L1 status and HER2 status was examined. RESULTS Of the 263 OSCC cases, the PD-L1-positive expression rates were 39.2% and 77.2% in OSCC for Tumour Proportion Score (TPS) and Combined Positive Score (CPS), respectively, and PD-L1 expression was associated with the degree of tumour differentiation. The HER2 expression was positive in 24% (63/263) of cases based on IHC and FISH. HER2 expression was not significantly associated with clinicopathological characteristics. PD-L1 TPS expression and CPS expression were significantly positively correlated with HER2 expression in OSCC. CONCLUSIONS PD-L1 expression was significantly positively correlated with HER2 expression in OSCC. The results provide valuable insight for the future application of HER2-targeted therapy combined with immunotherapy in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Rong
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mulan Jin
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Shukla S, Anand N, Pandey RK, Hadi R, Husain N. Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma: An Analysis of the Histomorphological Features. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2023; 11:220-224. [PMID: 38213647 PMCID: PMC10779449 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_52_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy is now a vital target therapy in the advanced cases of lung adenocarcinoma. The outstanding result of therapies with medications that inhibit the interaction of programmed death ligand 1 with programmed death protein 1 has revolutionarized prognostic treatment regimes. Aims The study was undertaken with the objectives to analyze the detailed histomorphological features of adenocarcinoma lung with programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor cells and to compare the histomorphological features with PD-L1 negative group. Materials and Methods The present study is a retrospective case series with 100 cases of non-small cell lung cancer-adenocarcinoma phenotype in which testing for PD-L1 had been done using immunohistochemistry. Detailed histomorphological analysis and comparison was performed for both the PD-L1 positive and negative phenotype. Results Histomorphological features of 25 cases with positive PD-L1 positivity in the tumor cells and 75 cases that were negative for PD-L1 were analyzed. The most frequent pattern in the category that was PD-L1 positive was singly scattered cells or loose clusters present in 84% cases followed by solid nests that was identified in 60% cases. The presence of solid nests in the PD-L1 positive category was statistically significant (P = 0.018). Mucin was identified in 24% cases, and tumor necrosis was documented in 60% cases with PD-L1 positivity. In the cluster that was PD-L1 positive, 92% cases had moderate-to-severe nuclear pleomorphism. Conclusion The identification of histomorphological patterns and characteristics may aid in triaging cases that have the likelihood to harbor PD-L1-positive phenotype, which has predictive and prognostic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Shukla
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Anand
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Pandey
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahat Hadi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nuzhat Husain
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zhang D, Fu Z, Guo Y, Guo F, Wan Y, Guan G. Circ_0000052/miR-382-3p axis induces PD-L1 expression and regulates cell proliferation and immune evasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 27:113-126. [PMID: 36515567 PMCID: PMC9806294 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying PD-L1 aberrant expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) will help reveal predictive biomarkers and overcome resistance to treatment. In this study, the prognostic significance of PD-L1 in forty-five HNSCC archival samples was determined by qRT-PCR. The biological function associated with malignant behaviour was assessed by PD-L1 depletion, miR-382-3p re-expression and regulation of circ_0000052. The interactions of PD-L1-miRNA and miRNA-circRNA were determined by qRT-PCR, Western blot analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assays and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. PD-L1 was highly expressed in patient samples and cancer cell lines. Higher levels of PD-L1 were associated with patient recurrences and play a pivotal role in regulating cell proliferation, migration, invasion, clonogenicity and apoptosis. In addition to demonstrating that the IFN-γ/JAK2/STAT1 signalling pathway can induce PD-L1 overexpression in HNSCC, a novel mechanism by which upregulated circ_0000052 mediates PD-L1 overexpression was also demonstrated. To do this, circ_0000052 competitively binds to miR-382-3p and alleviates its repression of PD-L1. This leads to overexpression of PD-L1, causing the aggressiveness of the cells. Our data demonstrate that circ_0000052 is oncogenic, and the circ_0000052/miR-382-3p/PD-L1 axis is critical in HNSCC progression. The manipulation of circRNAs/miRNAs in combination with anti-PD-L1 therapy may improve personalized disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- De‐Jun Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ze‐Ming Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ying‐Yuan Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Fang Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yi‐Ning Wan
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Guo‐Fang Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
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Xu X, Li J, Yang Y, Sang S, Deng S. The correlation between PD-L1 expression and metabolic parameters of 18FDG PET/CT and the prognostic value of PD-L1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Imaging 2022; 89:120-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhu K, Yan A, Zhou F, Zhao S, Ning J, Yao L, Shang D, Chen L. A Pyroptosis-Related Signature Predicts Overall Survival and Immunotherapy Responses in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:891301. [PMID: 35795208 PMCID: PMC9252528 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.891301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a highly malignant cancer with a bleak prognosis. Pyroptosis is crucial in LUAD. The present study investigated the prognostic value of a pyroptosis-related signature in LUAD.Methods: LUAD’s genomic data were downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases. K-means clustering was used to classify the data based on pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs). The features of tumor microenvironment were compared between the two subtypes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the two subtypes, and functional enrichment and module analysis were carried out. LASSO Cox regression was used to build a prognostic model. Its prognostic value was assessed.Results: In LUAD, genetic and transcriptional changes in PRGs were found. A total of 30 PRGs were found to be differentially expressed in LUAD tissues. Based on PRGs, LUAD patients were divided into two subgroups. Subtype 1 has a higher overall survival rate than subtype 2. The tumor microenvironment characteristics of the two subtypes differed significantly. Compared to subtype 1, subtype 2 had strong immunological infiltration. Between the two groups, 719 DEGs were discovered. WGCNA used these DEGs to build a co-expression network. The network modules were analyzed. A prognostic model based on seven genes was developed, including FOSL1, KRT6A, GPR133, TMPRSS2, PRDM16, SFTPB, and SFTA3. The developed model was linked to overall survival and response to immunotherapy in patients with LUAD.Conclusion: In LUAD, a pyroptosis-related signature was developed to predict overall survival and treatment responses to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibin Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - An Yan
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Fucheng Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Su Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jinfeng Ning
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Desi Shang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lantao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Lantao Chen,
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Zhou ZY, Liu SR, Xu LB, Liu C, Zhang R. Clinicopathological and Prognostic Value of Programmed Cell Death 1 Expression in Hepatitis B Virus-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-analysis. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2021; 9:889-897. [PMID: 34966652 PMCID: PMC8666368 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The efficacy of targeted programmed cell death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has been confirmed in many solid malignant tumors. The overexpression of PD-1/PD-L1 serves as a biomarker to predict prognosis and clinical progression. However, the role of PD-1 in patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) remains indeterminate. Given that HBV is the most important cause for HCC, this study aimed to investigate the prognostic and clinicopathological value of PD-1 in HBV-HCC via a meta-analysis. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Google Scholar up to January 2021 for studies on the correlation between clinicopathology/prognosis and PD-1 in patients with HBV-HCC. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to investigate the prognostic significance of PD-1 expression. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were determined to explore the association between PD-1 expression and clinicopathological features. RESULTS Our analysis included seven studies with 658 patients, which showed that high PD-1 expression was statistically correlated with poorer overall survival (HR=2.188, 95% CI: [1.262-3.115], p<0.001) and disease-free survival (HR=2.743, 95% CI: [1.980-3.506], p<0.001). PD-1 overexpression was correlated with multiple tumors (OR=2.268, 95% CI: [1.209-4.257], p=0.011), high level of alpha fetoprotein (AFP; OR=1.495, 95% CI: [1.005-2.223], p=0.047) and advanced Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage (OR=3.738, 95% CI: [2.101-6.651], p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis revealed that the high level of PD-1 expression was associated with multiple tumors, high level of AFP and advanced BCLC stage. It significantly predicted a poor prognosis of HBV-HCC, which suggests that anti-PD-1 therapy for HBV-HCC patients is plausible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chao Liu
- Correspondence to: Rui Zhang and Chao Liu, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3335-0931 (RZ), https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6659-4372 (CL). Tel: +86-20-34070133, Fax: +86-20-34071091, E-mail: (RZ) or (CL)
| | - Rui Zhang
- Correspondence to: Rui Zhang and Chao Liu, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3335-0931 (RZ), https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6659-4372 (CL). Tel: +86-20-34070133, Fax: +86-20-34071091, E-mail: (RZ) or (CL)
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8
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Xiong A, Wang J, Zhou C. Immunotherapy in the First-Line Treatment of NSCLC: Current Status and Future Directions in China. Front Oncol 2021; 11:757993. [PMID: 34900707 PMCID: PMC8654727 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.757993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer causes significant morbidity and mortality in China and worldwide. In China, lung cancer accounts for nearly one-fourth of all cancer deaths. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the predominant type of lung cancer, accounting for approximately 80%–85% of all lung cancer cases. Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is revolutionizing the treatment of NSCLC. Immune checkpoint molecules, including PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4, can suppress immune responses by delivering negative signals to T cells. By interfering with these immunosuppressive axes, ICIs unleash antitumor immune responses, ultimately eliminating cancer cells. ICIs have demonstrated promising antitumor efficacy in NSCLC, and mounting evidence supports the use of ICIs in treatment-naïve patients with advanced NSCLC. A comprehensive overview of current and emerging ICIs for the first-line treatment of NSCLC in China will facilitate a better understanding of NSCLC immunotherapy using ICIs and optimize the clinical use of ICIs in previously untreated Chinese patients with NSCLC. Herein, we review the efficacy and safety of currently approved and investigational ICIs as the first-line treatment of NSCLC in China. We also discuss the challenges limiting more widespread use of ICIs and future directions in the first-line treatment of NSCLC using ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwen Xiong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Medical Research Lab (MRL) Global Medical Affairs, MSD China, Shanghai, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Gu Q, Li J, Chen Z, Zhang J, Shen H, Miao X, Zhou Y, Xu X, He S. Expression and Prognostic Significance of PD-L2 in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:664032. [PMID: 34178648 PMCID: PMC8222690 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.664032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that programmed death ligand-2 (PD-L2) constitutes an important antitumor immune response. Here, we investigated the relationship between PD-L2 expression and clinicopathological features in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Immunohistochemistry showed that positive expression of PD-L2 was observed in 45 of 181 newly diagnosed patients, including 14 cases with expression exclusively on tumor cells (TCs) and 31 cases with the expression on both TCs and immune cells (ICs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In 21 recurrent patients, positive expression of PD-L2 was present in six cases, including two cases with expression exclusively on TCs, and four cases with the expression on both TCs and ICs in the TME. Patients with PD-L2 tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥1% exhibited a better ECOG performance status (PS) (ECOG PS score <2, P = 0.041), lower international prognostic index (IPI) score (P < 0.001), and early Ann Arbor stage (Ann Arbor stage I or II, P = 0.010). Similarly, patients with PD-L2 immune proportion score (IPS) ≥1% also exhibited a better ECOG PS (ECOG PS score < 2, P = 0.006) and lower IPI score (P = 0.001). Survival analysis showed that patients with PD-L2 TPS ≥1% exhibited prolonged overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). However, survival analysis showed no prognostic significance based on expression of PD-L2 on ICs in the TME. TC PD-L2 expression was significantly associated with OS (P = 0.041) and PFS (P = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, TC PD-L2 expression was an independent prognostic risk factor for PFS (P = 0.013), but not for OS (P = 0.249). Furthermore, we found that higher TC and IC PD-L2 expression was associated with higher objective response rate (ORR). Moreover, we demonstrated that the expression level of PD-L2 was positively correlated with the expression status of M1 macrophage markers CD86. Our findings highlight PD-L2 as a promising therapeutic target in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Gu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Cancer Research Center, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Cancer Research Center, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhuolin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaobing Miao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Song He
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Qi X, Qi C, Kang X, Hu Y, Han W. Identification of candidate genes and prognostic value analysis in patients with PDL1-positive and PDL1-negative lung adenocarcinoma. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9362. [PMID: 32607285 PMCID: PMC7315620 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing bodies of evidence reveal that targeting a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody is a promising immunotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma. Although PD receptor ligand 1 (PDL1) expression is widely recognized as the most powerful predictive biomarker for anti-PD-1 therapy, its regulatory mechanisms in lung adenocarcinoma remain unclear. Therefore, we conducted this study to explore differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and elucidate the regulatory mechanism of PDL1 in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods The GSE99995 data set was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Patients with and without PDL1 expression were divided into PDL1-positive and PDL1-negative groups, respectively. DEGs were screened using R. The Gene Ontology (GO) database and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were analyzed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks of DEGs was visualized using Cytoscape, and the MNC algorithm was applied to screen hub genes. A survival analysis involving Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis was used to verify the GEO results. Mutation characteristics of the hub genes were further analyzed in a combined study of five datasets in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Results In total, 869 DEGs were identified, 387 in the PDL1-positive group and 482 in the PDL1-negative group. GO and KEGG analysis results of the PDL1-positive group mainly exhibited enrichment of biological processes and pathways related to cell adhesion and the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathway, whereas biological process and pathways associated with cell division and repair were mainly enriched in the PDL1-negative group. The top 10 hub genes were screened during the PPI network analysis. Notably, survival analysis revealed BRCA1, mainly involved in cell cycle and DNA damage responses, to be a novel prognostic indicator in lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, the prognosis of patients with different forms of lung adenocarcinoma was associated with differences in mutations and pathways in potential hub genes. Conclusions PDL1-positive lung adenocarcinoma and PDL1-negative lung adenocarcinoma might be different subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma. The hub genes might play an important role in PDL1 regulatory pathways. Further studies on hub genes are warranted to reveal new mechanisms underlying the regulation of PDL1 expression. These results are crucial for understanding and applying precision immunotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Qi
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Qi
- Department of Special Ward, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xindan Kang
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Xu G, Sun L, Li Y, Xie F, Zhou X, Yang H, Du S, Xu H, Mao Y. The Clinicopathological and Prognostic Value of PD-L1 Expression in Cholangiocarcinoma: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:897. [PMID: 31620360 PMCID: PMC6759577 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, blockade of immune checkpoint has emerged as one of the most potential treatments for solid tumors. Programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1), a member of the B7 family of molecules, plays a crucial role in tumor immunobiology. However, the prognostic significance of PD-L1 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients remains controversial. This study aimed to inquire into the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of PD-L1 in CCA via a meta-analysis. Methods: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar up to April 2019, regardless of the region or language, for studies on the correlation between clinicopathology/prognosis and PD-L1 in patients with CCA. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to investigate the prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression in cholangiocarcinoma. The odds ratios (ORs) were also determined to explore the association between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological features. Results: Our meta-analysis included 11 studies with 1,066 patients. The meta-analysis of these studies indicated a trend that high PD-L1 expression indicated a poor OS, but the result was not statistically significant (HR = 1.62, 95% CI [0.98–2.68], p = 0.063). For DFS, although the pooled result is not statistically significant, it trends toward being significant that high PD-L1 expression indicated improved DFS (HR = 0.80, 95% CI [0.62, 1.04], p = 0.092). In subgroup analyses, the results were not consistent across the subgroups that were divided based on the publication year (before 2018: HR = 1.92, 95% CI [1.34–2.75], p < 0.001; after 2018: HR = 1.42, 95% CI [0.70–2.89], p = 0.335). Moreover, PD-L1 expression in TCs significantly correlated with the AJCC TNM stage of CCA (OR = 0.52, 95% CI [0.27, 0.99], p = 0.09). Conclusion: Our meta-analyses revealed that PD-L1 expressed in TCs was significantly correlated with the AJCC TNM stage of CCA. Based on the included studies, we found that PD-L1 indeed expressed in both TCs and ICs in CCA patients, raising the possibility of the use of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy for CCA patients. In contrast, expression of PD-L1 did not seem to be associated with patient outcome in our study. The prognostic role of PD-L1 in CCA demands further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lejia Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhu Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feihu Xie
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shunda Du
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wu CH, Hwang MJ. Risk stratification for lung adenocarcinoma on EGFR and TP53 mutation status, chemotherapy, and PD-L1 immunotherapy. Cancer Med 2019; 8:5850-5861. [PMID: 31407494 PMCID: PMC6792489 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall survival rates for lung cancer remain unsatisfactorily low, even for patients with biomarkers for which target therapies or immunotherapies are recommended. Better identification of at‐risk patients is needed to achieve more effective personalized treatment. Here, we derived a risk‐stratifying gene signature consisting of five genes that had the greatest differential expression by stage from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) transcriptomes. The new gene signature enabled survival prognosis for multiple LUAD datasets from different platforms of transcriptomics and risk stratification for patients with and without a mutation in TP53 or EGFR, with high and low levels of PD‐L1, and with and without adjuvant chemotherapy treatment. Using these evaluations, it was also shown to be more robust compared to several other gene signatures. Functional analysis of the five genes and their protein‐protein interaction partners indicated that they are functionally enriched in cell cycle, endocytosis, and EGFR regulation, which are biological processes associated with lung cancer and drug resistance. Extensive discussions on related experimental studies suggest that the five genes are novel and sensible targets for developing new drugs and/or tackling drug resistance problems for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsun Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jing Hwang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Cao L, Che X, Qiu X, Li Z, Yang B, Wang S, Hou K, Fan Y, Qu X, Liu Y. M2 macrophage infiltration into tumor islets leads to poor prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6125-6138. [PMID: 31308749 PMCID: PMC6613613 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s199832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although the macrophages can affect the development of tumor, the contribution of macrophages to the prognosis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still controversial. Moreover, anti-PD-1 therapy can redirect macrophages from an M2 to an M1 phenotype, suggesting that tumor PD-L1 may affect the prognostic role of macrophages. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to display a macrophage landscape to clarify the function of macrophages, considering the localization and polarization of the macrophages, and evaluate the effect of M2 macrophages and tumor PD-L1 in combination on the prognosis of NSCLC. Methods: We performed multiplex quantitative immunofluorescence staining of pan-cytokeratin (CK), CD68, CD163, PD-L1, and DAPI on one tissue specimen simultaneously from 137 NSCLC patients. Results: M2 macrophages, involved marginM2 (M2 macrophages in tumor stroma), and centralM2 (M2 macrophages infiltrating into tumor islets) increased as the tumor stage increased. More macrophages were found in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) patients, patients with wild-type EGFR, and smokers than in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), patients with EGFR mutations, and non-smokers. Infiltration of centralM2 was an independent prognostic factor of poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) for NSCLC patients (P<0.05), which was superior to total macrophages and total M2 macrophages. Moreover, patients with centralM2lessPD-L1- tumors showed the best OS and DFS, while the patients with centralM2morePD-L1+ tumors showed the worst OS and DFS, and the two groups with centralM2lessPD-L1+ and centralM2morePD-L1- were in the middle (P=0.002, 0.034, respectively). Conclusion: Tumor islet-infiltrating M2 macrophages influence the prognosis of NSCLC patients. The analysis of M2 macrophages and tumor PD-L1 in combination may enhance the accuracy of prognostic prediction. This study provides a new understanding of macrophages in the development of NSCLC through the analysis of macrophage landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueshan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kezuo Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
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Expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in Extramammary Paget Disease: Implications for Immune-Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060754. [PMID: 31146499 PMCID: PMC6627796 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a locally aggressive cutaneous malignancy that usually arises in anogenital or axillary skin. Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death receptor (PD-1) and/or its ligand (PD-L1) are approved for the treatment of several types of cancer, and response to these generally correlates with increased PD-L1 expression by tumor cells. The expression of PD-L1 and composition and density of the tumor-associated immune infiltrate in EMPD have been little studied. To determine whether EMPD might be amenable to immune checkpoint blockade, we analyzed the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 and the composition and density of the tumor-associated immune infiltrate in EMPD and evaluated associations between biomarker expression and clinicopathologic parameters. Twenty-one EMPD tumors were evaluated for tumor cell PD-L1 expression and for relative expression and distribution of CD3, CD8, PD-1, and PD-L1 in the tumor-associated immune infiltrate by using a combination of visual and image analysis (Aperio ImageScope). In addition, PD-L1 expression was assessed in 10 cases of mammary Paget disease (MPD). In EMPD cases, PD-L1 was expressed by tumor cells (3/21; 14%) and the tumor-associated immune infiltrate (15/21; 71%), and PD-1 was expressed by the tumor-associated immune infiltrate in all cases analyzed (18/18). However, PD-L1 expression by EMPD tumor cells did not correlate with the density of CD3-, CD8-, or PD-1-positive cells in the tumor-associated immune infiltrate or other clinicopathologic parameters. Furthermore, the density of CD3, CD8, PD-1, and PD-L1 in the tumor-associated immune infiltrate did not correlate with any clinicopathologic parameters evaluated with the exception that CD3 positive values were significantly higher in patients who were still alive (median, 1310 cells/mm2; range, 543–2115;) than in those who died (median, 611 cells/mm2; range, 481–908; p = 0.049). In all MPD cases, PD-L1 was absent in tumor cells but present in the tumor-associated immune infiltrate, and PD-L1 expression in lymphocytes was lower in patients with HER2/neu-positive than in those with HER2/neu-negative disease (p = 0.07). Our findings raise the possibility of therapeutic targeting of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in EMPD.
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15
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Programmed death ligand-1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer in a Western Australian population and correlation with clinicopathologic features. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:524-531. [PMID: 30401947 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibition is an important therapeutic option in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression may serve as a predictive marker for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. The relationship between non-small cell lung cancer PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics remains unclear and there is no population level Australian data. We report the results of PD-L1 testing in patients with non-small cell lung cancer diagnosed at major Western Australian public hospitals served by a single state Pathology provider. We analyzed PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry in 241 non-small cell lung cancer specimens using the 22C3 clone on a Dako autostainer platform. Tumor cell PD-L1 expression was scored as Tumor Proportion Score and categorized using pre-specified subsets of 1%, 1-49% and ≥ 50% for correlation with clinicopathologic features. PD-L1 Tumor Proportion Score was 1% in 65 (27%) cases, 1-49% in 100 (41%) cases and ≥ 50% in 76 (32%) cases. PD-L1-positive rate was 92% in squamous cell carcinomas and 67% in adenocarcinomas. PD-L1 Tumor Proportion Score was higher in squamous cell carcinomas (p = 0.004) and lower in adenocarcinomas (p = 0.003). Of the 196 non-squamous carcinomas, 35% had rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (RAS) mutations, 13% had epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, 2% had anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocations and 2% had ROS1 translocations. Tumor Proportion Score ≥ 50% was seen in 34% (23/68), 28% (7/25) and 25% (1/4) of RAS, EGFR mutant, and ALK translocated carcinomas, respectively. There was no significant correlation between PD-L1 expression and molecular or genetic abnormalities, or other parameters including age, gender, stage, and smoking status. In our patient cohort, PD-L1 Tumor Proportion Score was significantly higher in squamous cell carcinomas and lower in adenocarcinomas. The overall prevalence of Tumor Proportion Score ≥ 50% is consistent with that reported in clinical trials.
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16
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Miyazawa T, Marushima H, Saji H, Kojima K, Hoshikawa M, Takagi M, Nakamura H. PD-L1 Expression in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Including Various Adenocarcinoma Subtypes. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 25:1-9. [PMID: 30282880 PMCID: PMC6388302 DOI: 10.5761/atcs.oa.18-00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Knowledge regarding programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in lung cancer is limited. We aim to clarify PD-L1-positive expression in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including adenocarcinoma subtypes. METHODS In all, 90 NSCLC specimens containing various adenocarcinoma subtypes, in addition to squamous cell carcinoma and large-cell carcinoma were selected. PD-L1 was immunohistochemically stained by murine monoclonal antibody clone 22C3. RESULTS When PD-L1-positive expression was defined by tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥1%, the positive cases were 0/11 in adenocarcinoma in situ, 0/12 in minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, 1/10 in lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma, 1/13 in papillary predominant adenocarcinoma, 8/14 in acinar predominant adenocarcinoma, 6/11 in solid predominant adenocarcinoma, 0/3 in micropapillary predominant adenocarcinoma, 0/4 in invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma, 4/9 in squamous cell carcinoma, and 2/3 in large-cell carcinoma. PD-L1 positivity was higher in males, smokers, advanced pathologic stages, positive vessel invasion, and positive lymphatic invasion. Postoperative survival analysis revealed that PD-L1-positive expression was a significantly worse prognostic factor in univariate analysis for recurrence-free survival (RFS). CONCLUSION PD-L1-positive tumors were frequent in acinar predominant adenocarcinoma and solid predominant adenocarcinoma than other adenocarcinoma subtypes. PD-L1 expression seemed to increase according to pathologic tumor progression, suggesting a worse postoperative prognosis in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Miyazawa
- Department of Chest Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Marushima
- Department of Chest Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hisashi Saji
- Department of Chest Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Kojima
- Department of Clinical Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hoshikawa
- Department of Pathology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takagi
- Department of Pathology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Nakamura
- Department of Chest Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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17
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Hu Y, Chen W, Yan Z, Ma J, Zhu F, Huo J. Prognostic value of PD-L1 expression in patients with pancreatic cancer: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14006. [PMID: 30653106 PMCID: PMC6370132 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was reported to be associated with poor prognosis in various solid tumors. However, the prognosis value of PD-L1 in pancreatic cancer remained inconclusive. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the clinical value of PD-L1 as a novel prognostic biomarker of pancreatic cancer. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched up to October 2018. The HRs and 95% CIs for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) according to the expressional status of PD-L1 were pooled. The combined odd ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were utilized to assess the association between PD-L1 and clinicopathological characteristics. RESULTS A total of 9 studies with 993 patients were included. Elevated PD-L1 expression was related with poor OS (HR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.34-1.98, P < .001) and CSS (HR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.34-2.57, P < .001). Furthermore, high PD-L1 expression was also demonstrated to be associated with positive N stage (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.21-2.71, P = .004), advanced T stage (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.08-3.19, P = .025), and low differentiation (OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.16-4.33, P = .017). However, PD-L1 has nonsignificant correlation with M stage, gender, or age. CONCLUSION This study suggests that PD-L1 is a potential prognostic biomarker and may be helpful to clinicians aiming to select the appropriate immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Third School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wanzhen Chen
- Third School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhanpeng Yan
- Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingxia Ma
- Third School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fangshi Zhu
- Third School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiege Huo
- Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, China
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Ma J, Chi D, Wang Y, Yan Y, Zhao S, Liu H, Jing J, Pu H, Zhang M. Prognostic value of PD-L1 expression in resected lung adenocarcinoma and potential molecular mechanisms. J Cancer 2018; 9:3489-3499. [PMID: 30310505 PMCID: PMC6171018 DOI: 10.7150/jca.26155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prognostic role of PD-L1 expression in surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) remains controversial. The present study was aimed to clarify the role of PD-L1 expression in predicting prognosis and to investigate its biological function in ADC. Materials and Methods: The association between PD-L1 expression and clinical outcomes in patients with resected ADC was analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in our cohort (n=104), externally validated by a meta-analysis of 13 published studies. The biological role of PD-L1 in ADC was explored using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results: Positive PD-L1 expression in tumor cells was observed in 38.5% (40/104). High PD-L1 expression levels were significantly correlated with poor overall survival (P=0.008). Furthermore, the meta-analysis also showed that positive PD-L1 expression was associated with shorter OS than negative PD-L1 expression (HR= 1.75, 95% CI: 1.26-2.42; P<0.001). In subgroup analysis stratified according to ethnicity, the pooled results demonstrated that increased PD-L1 expression was an unfavorable prognostic factor for Asian populations (HR= 2.11, 95% CI: 1.48-3.02; P<0.001), but not for non-Asian populations (HR=1.16, 95% CI: 0.63-2.11, P=0.64). The pooled odds ratios (ORs) indicated that PD-L1 expression was associated with positive lymph node metastasis (OR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.23-2.46; P=0.002) and male (OR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.02-2.37; P=0.04). GSEA revealed PD-L1 expression levels positively correlated with immune process or immune-related pathways. Conclusion: PD-L1 expression is an important negative prognostic factor in resected ADC. This finding has important implications for immunotherapy targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in patients with resected ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Decai Chi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin150081, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical oncology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Yubo Yan
- Department of Medical oncology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Shu Zhao
- Department of Medical oncology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Medical oncology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Medical oncology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Haihong Pu
- Department of Medical oncology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Department of Medical oncology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China
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Zerdes I, Matikas A, Bergh J, Rassidakis GZ, Foukakis T. Genetic, transcriptional and post-translational regulation of the programmed death protein ligand 1 in cancer: biology and clinical correlations. Oncogene 2018; 37:4639-4661. [PMID: 29765155 PMCID: PMC6107481 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) represent a well-characterized immune checkpoint in cancer, effectively targeted by monoclonal antibodies that are approved for routine clinical use. The regulation of PD-L1 expression is complex, varies between different tumor types and occurs at the genetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Copy number alterations of PD-L1 locus have been reported with varying frequency in several tumor types. At the transcriptional level, a number of transcriptional factors seem to regulate PD-L1 expression including HIF-1, STAT3, NF-κΒ, and AP-1. Activation of common oncogenic pathways such as JAK/STAT, RAS/ERK, or PI3K/AKT/MTOR, as well as treatment with cytotoxic agents have also been shown to affect tumoral PD-L1 expression. Correlative studies of clinical trials with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have so far shown markedly discordant results regarding the value of PD-L1 expression as a marker of response to treatment. As the indications for immune checkpoint inhibition broaden, understanding the regulation of PD-L1 in cancer will be of utmost importance for defining its role as predictive marker but also for optimizing strategies for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we review the current knowledge of PD-L1 regulation, and its use as biomarker and as therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Zerdes
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexios Matikas
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergh
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George Z Rassidakis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theodoros Foukakis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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PD-L1 expression in pleural effusions of pulmonary adenocarcinoma and survival prediction: a controlled study by pleural biopsy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11206. [PMID: 30046124 PMCID: PMC6060157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PD-L1 expression in pleural effusions (PE) of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) was compared with pleural biopsies and the positive expression in PE was correlated with survival time. The matched slices from same patient’s pleura and PE were collected which both were pathologically verified positive. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect PD-L1 expression. A total of 51 eligible cases were enrolled, including 30 males and 21 females. The average age was (67.06 ± 12.10) years. PD-L1 expression wasn’t statistically significant in pleura and cell masses (P > 0.05) and the correlation was statistically significant (r = 0.585, P = 0.000). Using an IHC scores of 5 point as a cutoff, positive PD-L1 expression in the pleura was 11.63% and that in the cell masses was 23.26%, and difference was significant (P < 0.05). The correlation coefficient was 0.605. Among 35 cases underwent systemic anti-tumor treatment, the mean survival time with positive PD-L1 expression in PE was 17.370 ± 1.827 months, which was significantly shorter than that with the negative (29.944 ± 2.671 months) (χ2 = 4.507, P = 0.034). Positive PD-L1 expression in PE is higher than in the pleura and their correlation is well. It may predict the short survival time after systemic anti-tumor treatment.
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Ma G, Deng Y, Jiang H, Li W, Wu Q, Zhou Q. The prognostic role of programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer patients: An updated meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 482:101-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Guo X, Wang J, Jin J, Chen H, Zhen Z, Jiang W, Lin T, Huang H, Xia Z, Sun X. High Serum Level of Soluble Programmed Death Ligand 1 is Associated With a Poor Prognosis in Hodgkin Lymphoma. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:779-785. [PMID: 29698935 PMCID: PMC6058012 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blockade of the programmed cell death 1-programmed cell death ligand 1 pathway is a new and promising therapeutic approach in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). To our knowledge, the impact of soluble programmed cell death ligand 1 (sPD-L1) serum levels on HL patient prognosis has not yet been investigated. In this study, the prognostic value of sPD-L1 was assessed in patients with HL. We measured serum sPD-L1 levels and identified their prognostic value in 108 newly diagnosed HL patients using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found higher serum sPD-L1 concentrations in HL patients than in healthy controls. The best sPD-L1 cutoff value for predicting disease progression risk was 25.1674 ng/ml. The 4-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates for the high-sPD-L1 and low-sPD-L1 groups were 78.8% and 93.3%, respectively. Multivariate survival analysis showed that advanced stage and higher sPD-L1 levels (>25.1674 ng/ml) were independent prognostic factors for shorter PFS. In addition, higher sPD-L1 levels were positively correlated with advanced stage and negatively correlated with peripheral blood monocyte number. The serum sPD-L1 level is an independent prognostic factor for PFS in HL patients and may allow identification of a subgroup of patients who require more intensive therapy and who may benefit from anti-PD-1 agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; The Eastern Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jietian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijun Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongjun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Department of Hematology Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Kasahara N, Kaira K, Bao P, Higuchi T, Arisaka Y, Erkhem-Ochir B, Sunaga N, Ohtaki Y, Yajima T, Kosaka T, Oyama T, Yokobori T, Asao T, Nishiyama M, Tsushima Y, Kuwano H, Shimizu K, Mogi A. Correlation of tumor-related immunity with 18F-FDG-PET in pulmonary squamous-cell carcinoma. Lung Cancer 2018; 119:71-77. [PMID: 29656756 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 2-Deoxy-2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-d-glucose with positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) is a clinically useful tool for cancer evaluation. 18F-FDG accumulation in tumor cells is known to be correlated with the presence of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Although anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibody treatments have been approved, no suitable predictor of significant responders has been identified. Based on the existing information, we investigated the relationship between tumor immunity (including PD-L1) and 18F-FDG uptake in patients with surgically resected pulmonary squamous-cell carcinoma (SQC). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 167 patients (153 men and 14 women) with SQC who underwent 18F-FDG PET. Tumor sections were stained by immunohistochemistry for GLUT1, HIF-1α, PD-L1, CD4, CD8, and Foxp3. The relationship between clinicopathological features and 18F-FDG uptake was analyzed. Student's t-test, the χ2 test, non-parametric Spearman's rank test and the Kaplan-Meier method were used to show associations between variables. RESULTS The rate of positive PD-L1 expression was 79% (132/167), and PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with GLUT1 (P < 0.01), HIF-1α (P < 10-4), and CD8 (P < 1 × 10-3) expression. The SUVmax of 18F-FDG was significantly correlated with PD-L1 (P = 0.02) and GLUT1 (P < 0.01) expression. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that advanced stage, elevated PD-L1 expression, and elevated SUVmax were independent prognostic factors for predicting poor OS. Among patients with a high SUVmax, multivariate analysis confirmed that advanced stage and high PD-L1 expression were independent prognostic factors for poor OS; however, there was no significant difference among patients with a low SUVmax. CONCLUSION High SUVmax on 18F-FDG-PET is associated with PD-L1 expression but is an independent prognostic factor for OS in our population of surgically resected pulmonary squamous-cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimitsu Kasahara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Pinjie Bao
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yukiko Arisaka
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Bilguun Erkhem-Ochir
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sunaga
- Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ohtaki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yajima
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kosaka
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Research Program for Omics-based Medical Science, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asao
- Big Data Center for Integrative Analysis, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nishiyama
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Shimizu
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akira Mogi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Hofman P. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry for non-small cell lung carcinoma: which strategy should be adopted? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 17:1097-1108. [PMID: 29069958 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1398083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PD-L1 detection with immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the only predictive biomarker available to date for PD-L1/PD1 immunotherapy in thoracic oncology. While many studies have been published on this biomarker, they raise a number of questions concerning mainly, (i) the type of antibody for use and its condition of utilization, (ii) the threshold to be used, (iii) the message and information to communicate to the thoracic oncologist and, (iv) the adoption of this methodology as part of the daily practices of a pathology laboratory. Areas covered: This review provides an update on the use of the different PD-L1 antibodies for IHC in the context of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and discusses their use as companion or complementary diagnostic tests. The limits of PD-L1 IHC as a predictive test, the precautions to be adopted as well as some perspectives will then be considered. Expert commentary: IHC for PD-L1 can be considered as a theranostic test, which implies providing an extremely reliable result that avoids any false positive and negative results. PD-L1 IHC requires considerable expertise and specific training of pathologists. PD-L1 IHC can be a companion or complementary diagnostic test depending on the clone employed, the molecular therapy prescribed and the indication of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hofman
- a Laboratoire de Pathologie Clinique et Expérimentale, Hôpital Pasteur , Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nice, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis , Nice cedex 01 , France.,b Biobanque Hospitalière (BB-0033-00025) , Hôpital Pasteur , Nice , France.,c FHU OncoAge , Hôpital Pasteur, Université Nice Côte d'Azur , Nice , France
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Cui S, Su X, Dong L, Qian J, Ye L, Zhang T, Fu H, Han H, Huang J, Yao Y, Gu Y, Jiang L. Programmed cell death ligand 1 protein levels predicted survival of non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer 2017; 8:4075-4082. [PMID: 29187883 PMCID: PMC5706010 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationship between programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression using 5%, 25%, 50% cutoffs in tumor cells (TC) and postsurgical survival in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. For samples with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), correlation between PD-L1 expression in TIL using 1% cutoff and postsurgical survival was also evaluated. Methods: Primary NSCLC tumor surgical samples staging I to IIIA of 126 patients who underwent surgical procedures from September 2009 to August 2012 in Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University were retrospectively included. PD-L1 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. A rabbit anti-human PD-L1 (E1L3N) monoclonal antibody (1:300, CST#13684, Cell Signaling Technology) was used for PD-L1 IHC staining. PD-L1 expression was evaluated both on TC and TIL. Univariate and multivariate analyses for postsurgical survival were done using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression model, respectively. Results: The median postsurgical survival for all patients was 44.1 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 33.9-70.0 months). The median postsurgical survival for PD-L1 expression percentage 0, 1-50% and ≥50% were 51.9 months (95%CI: 33.9-70.0 months), 33.2 months (95%CI: 20.8-45.6 months) and 14.7 months (95%CI: 1.9-27.6 months), respectively (P = 0.002). Clinical stage and PD-L1 expression in TC (25% cutoff or 50% cutoff values) were found to be independent predictors for longer postsurgical survival in all cohort. Ninety (71.4%) of the 126 samples were identified to concurrent TIL. The median postsurgical survival time was 39.6 months (95% CI: 31.8-47.4 months) in patients with TIL. PD-L1 expression in TC (25% cutoff or 50% cutoff values) was found to be the independent predictor for longer postsurgical survival time in patients with TIL. Conclusion: PD-L1 negative expression in TC at 25% or 50% cutoff values was the independent predictor for longer postsurgical survival time in both NSCLC samples and NSCLC samples with TIL. For patients with PD-L1 high expression at 25% or 50% cutoff values, PD-L1 blocking may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Cui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinying Su
- Asia & Emerging Markets, iMed, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianwei Zhang
- Asia & Emerging Markets, iMed, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihua Fu
- Asia & Emerging Markets, iMed, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China
| | - Hulin Han
- Asia & Emerging Markets, iMed, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- R&D, MedImmune, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Yihong Yao
- R&D, MedImmune, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Yi Gu
- Asia & Emerging Markets, iMed, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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PD-L1 expression in lung cancer and its correlation with driver mutations: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10255. [PMID: 28860576 PMCID: PMC5578960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10925-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have addressed the prognostic value of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in lung cancer, the results remain controversial. A systematic search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases was performed to identify the correlation between PD-L1 expression and driver mutations and overall survival (OS). This meta-analysis enrolled a total of 11,444 patients for 47 studies, and the pooled results showed that increased PD-L1 expression was associated with poor prognosis (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.19-1.65, P < 0.001). In subgroup analysis stratified according to histology types, the pooled results demonstrated that increased PD-L1 expression was an unfavorable prognostic factor for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.05-1.52, P = 0.01) and pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) (HR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.19-7.77, P = 0.02), rather than small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (HR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.27-1.39, P = 0.24). The pooled ORs indicated that PD-L1 expression was associated with gender, smoking status, histology, differentiation, tumour size, lymph nodal metastasis, TNM stage and EGFR mutation. However, PD-L1 expression was not correlated with ALK rearrangement and KRAS mutations.
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27
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Prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression and 18F-FDG PET/CT in surgical pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:51630-51640. [PMID: 28881674 PMCID: PMC5584275 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is commonly observed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The prognostic value of PD-L1 expression and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG-PET) in surgical pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)remains unclear. Furthermore, the correlation between the SUVmax and PD-L1 expression has not been assessed. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between PD-L1 expression and the SUVmax on 18FDG-PET and to examine the prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression and the SUVmax in surgical pulmonary SCC. Expression of PD-L1 was examined in 84 patients with resected SCC using immunohistochemistry. Positive PD-L1 expression in tumour cells was observed in 58.3% (49/84) of patients with SCC. High PD-L1 expression levels were significantly correlated with histological differentiation (P=0.006), and a high SUVmax was associated with histological differentiation (P=0.037), and lymph node metastasis (P=0.025). Spearman's test showed that there was a significant correlation between PD-L1 expression levels and the SUVmax. High PD-L1 expression levels and a high SUVmax were both independent risks factors for poor overall survival. Our results suggested that high PD-L1 expression levels and a high SUVmax was associated with poor prognosis in surgical pulmonary SCC. The existence of a statistically significant correlation between the SUVmax and PD-L1 expression levels justifies exploring the usefulness of the SUVmax as a predictor of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor activity.
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