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Grigor’eva EV, Kopytova AE, Yarkova ES, Pavlova SV, Sorogina DA, Malakhova AA, Malankhanova TB, Baydakova GV, Zakharova EY, Medvedev SP, Pchelina SN, Zakian SM. Biochemical Characteristics of iPSC-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons from N370S GBA Variant Carriers with and without Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054437. [PMID: 36901867 PMCID: PMC10002967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
GBA variants increase the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) by 10 times. The GBA gene encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase). The p.N370S substitution causes a violation of the enzyme conformation, which affects its stability in the cell. We studied the biochemical characteristics of dopaminergic (DA) neurons generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a PD patient with the GBA p.N370S mutation (GBA-PD), an asymptomatic GBA p.N370S carrier (GBA-carrier), and two healthy donors (control). Using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we measured the activity of six lysosomal enzymes (GCase, galactocerebrosidase (GALC), alpha-glucosidase (GAA), alpha-galactosidase (GLA), sphingomyelinase (ASM), and alpha-iduronidase (IDUA)) in iPSC-derived DA neurons from the GBA-PD and GBA-carrier. DA neurons from the GBA mutation carrier demonstrated decreased GCase activity compared to the control. The decrease was not associated with any changes in GBA expression levels in DA neurons. GCase activity was more markedly decreased in the DA neurons of GBA-PD patient compared to the GBA-carrier. The amount of GCase protein was decreased only in GBA-PD neurons. Additionally, alterations in the activity of the other lysosomal enzymes (GLA and IDUA) were found in GBA-PD neurons compared to GBA-carrier and control neurons. Further study of the molecular differences between the GBA-PD and the GBA-carrier is essential to investigate whether genetic factors or external conditions are the causes of the penetrance of the p.N370S GBA variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Grigor’eva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alena E. Kopytova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Scientific and Research Centre, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Elena S. Yarkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Sophia V. Pavlova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Diana A. Sorogina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Malakhova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Tuyana B. Malankhanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | | | | | - Sergey P. Medvedev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Sofia N. Pchelina
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Scientific and Research Centre, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Suren M. Zakian
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Correspondence:
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2
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Garay YC, Cejas RB, Lorenz V, Zlocowski N, Parodi P, Ferrero FA, Angeloni G, García VA, Sendra VG, Lardone RD, Irazoqui FJ. Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase 3: a post-translational writer on human health. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1387-1403. [PMID: 36056254 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase 3 (ppGalNAc-T3) is an enzyme involved in the initiation of O-GalNAc glycan biosynthesis. Acting as a writer of frequent post-translational modification (PTM) on human proteins, ppGalNAc-T3 has key functions in the homeostasis of human cells and tissues. We review the relevant roles of this molecule in the biosynthesis of O-GalNAc glycans, as well as in biological functions related to human physiological and pathological conditions. With main emphasis in ppGalNAc-T3, we draw attention to the different ways involved in the modulation of ppGalNAc-Ts enzymatic activity. In addition, we take notice on recent reports of ppGalNAc-T3 having different subcellular localizations, highlight critical intrinsic and extrinsic functions in cellular physiology that are exerted by ppGalNAc-T3-synthesized PTMs, and provide an update on several human pathologies associated with dysfunctional ppGalNAc-T3. Finally, we propose biotechnological tools as new therapeutic options for the treatment of pathologies related to altered ppGalNAc-T3. KEY MESSAGES: ppGalNAc-T3 is a key enzyme in the human O-GalNAc glycans biosynthesis. enzyme activity is regulated by PTMs, lectin domain and protein-protein interactions. ppGalNAc-T3 is located in human Golgi apparatus and cell nucleus. ppGalNAc-T3 has a central role in cell physiology as well as in several pathologies. Biotechnological tools for pathological management are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohana Camila Garay
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Romina Beatriz Cejas
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Virginia Lorenz
- Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Salud Y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Natacha Zlocowski
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de La Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pedro Parodi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Franco Alejandro Ferrero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Genaro Angeloni
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Valentina Alfonso García
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Victor German Sendra
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ricardo Dante Lardone
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernando José Irazoqui
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
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3
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Liu Y, Dou K, Xue L, Li X, Xie A. Neurofilament light as a biomarker for motor decline in Parkinson’s disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:959261. [PMID: 36117629 PMCID: PMC9477093 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.959261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether neurofifilament light (NfL) could reflect motor decline and compare the predictive values of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum NfL in individuals with PD. Methods CSF/serum samples were collected from patients with PD and healthy controls (HCs) with motor assessments at baseline and after three years of follow-up from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). Multiple linear regression models and linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate the associations of motor assessments with baseline and longitudinal CSF/serum NfL. Associations between the change rates of motor assessments and CSF/serum NfL were further investigated via multiple linear regression models. Mediating effect analysis was used to research whether CSF alpha-synuclein (α-syn) acts as the mediator between NfL and motor assessments. Results We found patients with PD had higher baseline CSF/serum NfL levels than HCs. Both baseline CSF/serum NfLs and their change rates predicted measurable motor decline in PD assessed by different motor scores. Baseline serum NfL and its rate of change were strongly associated with CSF NfL levels in patients with PD (P < 0.001). Besides, there were also significant differences in CSF/serum NfL levels and predicted values of motor decline between men and women with PD. Mediating effect analysis showed CSF α-syn mediated the effect of CSF NfL on total Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores and UPDRSIII with 30.6 and 20.2% mediation, respectively. Conclusion Our results indicated that NfL, especially serum NfL concentration, could serve as an easily accessible biomarker to monitor the severity and progression of motor decline in individuals with PD, especially in men with PD. Besides, CSF α-syn acts as a mediator between NfL and motor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kaixin Dou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling Xue
- Department of Nursing, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Anmu Xie,
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Höglinger G, Schulte C, Jost WH, Storch A, Woitalla D, Krüger R, Falkenburger B, Brockmann K. GBA-associated PD: chances and obstacles for targeted treatment strategies. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:1219-1233. [PMID: 35639160 PMCID: PMC9463270 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Given the clear role of GBA in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and its impact on phenotypical characteristics, this review provides an overview of the current knowledge of GBA-associated PD with a special focus on clinical trajectories and the underlying pathological mechanisms. Importantly, differences and characteristics based on mutation severity are recognized, and current as well as potential future treatment options are discussed. These findings will inform future strategies for patient stratification and cohort enrichment as well as suitable outcome measures when designing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Storch
- Department of Neurology, Rostock University, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dirk Woitalla
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Katholische Kliniken Ruhrhalbinsel, Contilia Gruppe, Essen, Germany
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg.,Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Björn Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany.
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5
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Glucocerebrosidase-associated Parkinson disease: Pathogenic mechanisms and potential drug treatments. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 166:105663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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6
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Kwon EH, Tennagels S, Gold R, Gerwert K, Beyer L, Tönges L. Update on CSF Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020329. [PMID: 35204829 PMCID: PMC8869235 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in developing disease-modifying therapies in Parkinson’s disease (PD) can only be achieved through reliable objective markers that help to identify subjects at risk. This includes an early and accurate diagnosis as well as continuous monitoring of disease progression and therapy response. Although PD diagnosis still relies mainly on clinical features, encouragingly, advances in biomarker discovery have been made. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a biofluid of particular interest to study biomarkers since it is closest to the brain structures and therefore could serve as an ideal source to reflect ongoing pathologic processes. According to the key pathophysiological mechanisms, the CSF status of α-synuclein species, markers of amyloid and tau pathology, neurofilament light chain, lysosomal enzymes and markers of neuroinflammation provide promising preliminary results as candidate biomarkers. Untargeted approaches in the field of metabolomics provide insights into novel and interconnected biological pathways. Markers based on genetic forms of PD can contribute to identifying subgroups suitable for gene-targeted treatment strategies that might also be transferable to sporadic PD. Further validation analyses in large PD cohort studies will identify the CSF biomarker or biomarker combinations with the best value for clinical and research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hae Kwon
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44791 Bochum, Germany; (E.H.K.); (S.T.); (R.G.)
| | - Sabrina Tennagels
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44791 Bochum, Germany; (E.H.K.); (S.T.); (R.G.)
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44791 Bochum, Germany; (E.H.K.); (S.T.); (R.G.)
- Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany; (K.G.); (L.B.)
| | - Klaus Gerwert
- Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany; (K.G.); (L.B.)
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Léon Beyer
- Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany; (K.G.); (L.B.)
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars Tönges
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44791 Bochum, Germany; (E.H.K.); (S.T.); (R.G.)
- Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany; (K.G.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-234-509-2420; Fax: +49-234-509-2439
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7
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Usenko TS, Senkevich KA, Bezrukova AI, Baydakova GV, Basharova KS, Zhuravlev AS, Gracheva EV, Kudrevatykh AV, Miliukhina IV, Krasakov IV, Khublarova LA, Fursova IV, Zakharov DV, Timofeeva AA, Irishina YA, Palchikova EI, Zalutskaya NM, Emelyanov AK, Zakharova EY, Pchelina SN. Impaired Sphingolipid Hydrolase Activities in Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Multiple System Atrophy. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2277-2287. [PMID: 35066761 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the oligomerization of alpha-synuclein protein in neurons or glial cells. Recent studies provide data that ceramide metabolism impairment may play a role in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies due to its influence on alpha-synuclein accumulation. The aim of the current study was to assess changes in activities of enzymes involved in ceramide metabolism in patients with different synucleinopathies (Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA)). The study enrolled 163 PD, 44 DLB, and 30 MSA patients as well as 159 controls. Glucocerebrosidase, alpha-galactosidase, acid sphingomyelinase enzyme activities, and concentrations of the corresponding substrates (hexosylsphingosine, globotriaosylsphingosine, lysosphingomyelin) were measured by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry in blood. Expression levels of GBA, GLA, and SMPD1 genes encoding glucoceresobridase, alpha-galactosidase, and acid sphingomyelinase enzymes, correspondently, were analyzed by real-time PCR with TaqMan assay in CD45 + blood cells. Increased hexosylsphingosine concentration was observed in DLB and MSA patients in comparison to PD and controls (p < 0.001) and it was associated with earlier age at onset (AAO) of DLB (p = 0.0008). SMPD1 expression was decreased in MSA compared to controls (p = 0.015). Acid sphingomyelinase activity was decreased in DLB, MSA patients compared to PD patients (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, respectively), and in MSA compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Lower acid sphingomyelinase activity was associated with earlier AAO of PD (p = 0.012). Our data support the role of lysosomal dysfunction in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies, namely, the pronounced alterations of lysosomal activities involved in ceramide metabolism in patients with MSA and DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Usenko
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named By B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 1, mkr. Orlova roshcha, 188300, Gatchina, Russia. .,Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, L'va Tolstogo str. 6-8, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - K A Senkevich
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named By B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 1, mkr. Orlova roshcha, 188300, Gatchina, Russia.,Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, L'va Tolstogo str. 6-8, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A I Bezrukova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named By B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 1, mkr. Orlova roshcha, 188300, Gatchina, Russia
| | - G V Baydakova
- Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechie str. 1, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - K S Basharova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named By B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 1, mkr. Orlova roshcha, 188300, Gatchina, Russia
| | - A S Zhuravlev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named By B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 1, mkr. Orlova roshcha, 188300, Gatchina, Russia
| | - E V Gracheva
- Institute of the Human Brain of RAS, 9, Pavlova str, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - A V Kudrevatykh
- Institute of the Human Brain of RAS, 9, Pavlova str, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - I V Miliukhina
- Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, L'va Tolstogo str. 6-8, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Institute of the Human Brain of RAS, 9, Pavlova str, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - I V Krasakov
- The Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine, Optikov str. 54, 197082, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - L A Khublarova
- V.M. Bekhterevs National Medical Research Center Psychiatry and Neurology, 3 Bekhterev str., 192019, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I V Fursova
- V.M. Bekhterevs National Medical Research Center Psychiatry and Neurology, 3 Bekhterev str., 192019, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D V Zakharov
- V.M. Bekhterevs National Medical Research Center Psychiatry and Neurology, 3 Bekhterev str., 192019, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A A Timofeeva
- Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, L'va Tolstogo str. 6-8, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Y A Irishina
- Institute of the Human Brain of RAS, 9, Pavlova str, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - E I Palchikova
- V.M. Bekhterevs National Medical Research Center Psychiatry and Neurology, 3 Bekhterev str., 192019, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N M Zalutskaya
- V.M. Bekhterevs National Medical Research Center Psychiatry and Neurology, 3 Bekhterev str., 192019, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A K Emelyanov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named By B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 1, mkr. Orlova roshcha, 188300, Gatchina, Russia.,Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, L'va Tolstogo str. 6-8, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E Y Zakharova
- Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechie str. 1, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - S N Pchelina
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named By B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 1, mkr. Orlova roshcha, 188300, Gatchina, Russia.,Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, L'va Tolstogo str. 6-8, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12, Acad. Pavlov Str, 197376, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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8
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Zhao YW, Pan HX, Liu Z, Wang Y, Zeng Q, Fang ZH, Luo TF, Xu K, Wang Z, Zhou X, He R, Li B, Zhao G, Xu Q, Sun QY, Yan XX, Tan JQ, Li JC, Guo JF, Tang BS. The Association Between Lysosomal Storage Disorder Genes and Parkinson's Disease: A Large Cohort Study in Chinese Mainland Population. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:749109. [PMID: 34867278 PMCID: PMC8634711 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.749109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent years have witnessed an increasing number of studies indicating an essential role of the lysosomal dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease (PD) at the genetic, biochemical, and cellular pathway levels. In this study, we investigated the association between rare variants in lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) genes and Chinese mainland PD. Methods: We explored the association between rare variants of 69 LSD genes and PD in 3,879 patients and 2,931 controls from Parkinson’s Disease & Movement Disorders Multicenter Database and Collaborative Network in China (PD-MDCNC) using next-generation sequencing, which were analyzed by using the optimized sequence kernel association test. Results: We identified the significant burden of rare putative LSD gene variants in Chinese mainland patients with PD. This association was robust in familial or sporadic early-onset patients after excluding the GBA variants but not in sporadic late-onset patients. The burden analysis of variant sets in genes of LSD subgroups revealed a suggestive significant association between variant sets in genes of sphingolipidosis deficiency disorders and familial or sporadic early-onset patients. In contrast, variant sets in genes of sphingolipidoses, mucopolysaccharidoses, and post-translational modification defect disorders were suggestively associated with sporadic late-onset patients. Then, SMPD1 and other four novel genes (i.e., GUSB, CLN6, PPT1, and SCARB2) were suggestively associated with sporadic early-onset or familial patients, whereas GALNS and NAGA were suggestively associated with late-onset patients. Conclusion: Our findings supported the association between LSD genes and PD and revealed several novel risk genes in Chinese mainland patients with PD, which confirmed the importance of lysosomal mechanisms in PD pathogenesis. Moreover, we identified the genetic heterogeneity in early-onset and late-onset of patients with PD, which may provide valuable suggestions for the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Xu Pan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yige Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng-Huan Fang
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Teng-Fei Luo
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Runcheng He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guihu Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi-Ying Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Xiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Tan
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Chen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji-Feng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei-Sha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
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9
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Lerche S, Schulte C, Wurster I, Machetanz G, Roeben B, Zimmermann M, Deuschle C, Hauser AK, Böhringer J, Krägeloh-Mann I, Waniek K, Lachmann I, Petterson XMT, Chiang R, Park H, Wang B, Liepelt-Scarfone I, Maetzler W, Galasko D, Scherzer CR, Gasser T, Mielke MM, Hutten SJ, Mollenhauer B, Sardi SP, Berg D, Brockmann K. The Mutation Matters: CSF Profiles of GCase, Sphingolipids, α-Synuclein in PD GBA. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1216-1228. [PMID: 33547828 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With pathway-specific trials in PD associated with variants in the glucocerebrosidase gene (PDGBA ) under way, we need markers that confirm the impact of genetic variants in patient-derived biofluids in order to allow patient stratification merely based on genetics and that might serve as biochemical read-out for target engagement. OBJECTIVE To explore GBA-pathway-specific biomarker profiles cross-sectionally (TUEPAC-MIGAP, PPMI) and longitudinally (PPMI). METHODS We measured enzyme activity of the lysosomal glucocerebrosidase, CSF levels of glucosylceramides (upstream substrate of glucocerebrosidase), CSF levels of ceramides (downstream product of glucocerebrosidase), lactosylceramides, sphingosines, sphingomyelin (by-products) and CSF levels of total α-synuclein in PDGBA patients compared to PDGBA_wildtype patients. RESULTS Cross-sectionally in both cohorts and longitudinally in PPMI: (1) glucocerebrosidase activity was significantly lower in PDGBA compared to PDGBA_wildtype . (2) CSF levels of upstream substrates (glucosylceramides species) were higher in PDGBA compared to PDGBA_wildtype . (3) CSF levels of total α-synuclein were lower in PDGBA compared to PDGBA_wildtype . All of these findings were most pronounced in PDGBA with severe mutations (PDGBA_severe ). Cross-sectionally in TUEPAC-MIGAP and longitudinally in PPMI, CSF levels of downstream-products (ceramides) were higher in PDGBA_severe . Cross-sectionally in TUEPAC-MIGAP by-products sphinganine and sphingosine-1-phosphate and longitudinally in PPMI species of by-products lactosylceramides and sphingomyelin were higher in PDGBA_severe . INTERPRETATION These findings confirm that GBA mutations have a relevant functional impact on biomarker profiles in patients. Bridging the gap between genetics and biochemical profiles now allows patient stratification for clinical trials merely based on mutation status. Importantly, all findings were most prominent in PDGBA with severe variants. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Lerche
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Isabel Wurster
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gerrit Machetanz
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Roeben
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Milan Zimmermann
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Deuschle
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Hauser
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Xuan-Mai T Petterson
- Department of Health Sciences Research and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ruby Chiang
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hyejung Park
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Inga Liepelt-Scarfone
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Clemens R Scherzer
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Health Sciences Research and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Samantha J Hutten
- Michel J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research (MJFF), New York, New York, USA
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Paracelsus-Elena Klinik Kassel, Kassel, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Pablo Sardi
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniela Berg
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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10
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Validation and assessment of preanalytical factors of a fluorometric in vitro assay for glucocerebrosidase activity in human cerebrospinal fluid. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22098. [PMID: 33328543 PMCID: PMC7744549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal dysfunction is an emerging feature in the pathology of Parkinson’s disease and Dementia with Lewy bodies. Mutations in the GBA gene, encoding the enzyme Glucocerebrosidase (GCase), have been identified as a genetic risk factor for these synucleinopathies. As a result, there has been a growing interest in the involvement of GCase in these diseases. This GCase activity assay is based on the catalytic hydrolysis of 4-methylumbelliferyl β-d-glucopyranoside that releases the highly fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferyl (4-MU). The final assay protocol was tested for the following parameters: Lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), precision, parallelism, linearity, spike recovery, number of freeze–thaw events, and sample handling stability. The GCase activity assay is within acceptable criteria for parallelism, precision and spike recovery. The LLOQ of this assay corresponds to an enzymatic activity of generating 0.26 pmol 4-MU/min/ml. The enzymatic activity was stable when samples were processed and frozen at − 80 °C within 4 h after the lumbar puncture procedure. Repetitive freeze–thaw events significantly decreased enzyme activity. We present the validation of an optimized in vitro GCase activity assay, based on commercially available components, to quantify its enzymatic activity in human cerebrospinal fluid and the assessment of preanalytical factors.
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11
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Brockmann K. GBA-Associated Synucleinopathies: Prime Candidates for Alpha-Synuclein Targeting Compounds. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:562522. [PMID: 33102473 PMCID: PMC7545538 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.562522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With disease-modifying compounds targeting alpha-synuclein available in clinical trials, patient stratification according to alpha-synuclein-specific enrichment strategies is a much-needed prerequisite. Such a scenario will be exemplified for GBA, one major genetic risk factor that is specifically associated with the alpha-synucleinopathies: Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Brockmann
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
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12
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Simple and Complex Sugars in Parkinson's Disease: a Bittersweet Taste. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2934-2943. [PMID: 32430844 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal homeostasis depends on both simple and complex sugars (the glycoconjugates), and derangement of their metabolism is liable to impair neural function and lead to neurodegeneration. Glucose levels boost glycation phenomena, a wide series of non-enzymatic reactions that give rise to various intermediates and end-products that are potentially dangerous in neurons. Glycoconjugates, including glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycosaminoglycans, contribute to the constitution of the unique features of neuron membranes and extracellular matrix in the nervous system. Glycosylation defects are indeed frequently associated with nervous system disturbances and neurodegeneration. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra. Neurons present intracytoplasmic inclusions of α-synuclein aggregates involved in the disease pathogenesis together with the impairment of the autophagy-lysosome function, oxidative stress, and defective traffic and turnover of membrane components. In the present review, we selected relevant recent contributions concerning the direct involvement of glycation and glycosylation in α-synuclein stability, impaired autophagy and lysosomal function in PD, focusing on potential models of PD pathogenesis provided by genetic variants of glycosphingolipid processing enzymes, especially glucocerebrosidase (GBA). Moreover, we collected data aimed at defining the glycomic profile of PD patients as a tool to help in diagnosis and patient subtyping, as well as those pointing to sugar-related compounds with potential therapeutic applications in PD.
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13
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Korecka JA, Thomas R, Christensen DP, Hinrich AJ, Ferrari EJ, Levy SA, Hastings ML, Hallett PJ, Isacson O. Mitochondrial clearance and maturation of autophagosomes are compromised in LRRK2 G2019S familial Parkinson's disease patient fibroblasts. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:3232-3243. [PMID: 31261377 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study utilized human fibroblasts as a preclinical discovery and diagnostic platform for identification of cell biological signatures specific for the LRRK2 G2019S mutation producing Parkinson's disease (PD). Using live cell imaging with a pH-sensitive Rosella biosensor probe reflecting lysosomal breakdown of mitochondria, mitophagy rates were found to be decreased in fibroblasts carrying the LRRK2 G2019S mutation compared to cells isolated from healthy subject (HS) controls. The mutant LRRK2 increased kinase activity was reduced by pharmacological inhibition and targeted antisense oligonucleotide treatment, which normalized mitophagy rates in the G2019S cells and also increased mitophagy levels in HS cells. Detailed mechanistic analysis showed a reduction of mature autophagosomes in LRRK2 G2019S fibroblasts, which was rescued by LRRK2 specific kinase inhibition. These findings demonstrate an important role for LRRK2 protein in regulation of mitochondrial clearance by the lysosomes, which is hampered in PD with the G2019S mutation. The current results are relevant for cell phenotypic diagnostic approaches and potentially for stratification of PD patients for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna A Korecka
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Ria Thomas
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Dan P Christensen
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Anthony J Hinrich
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Eliza J Ferrari
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Simon A Levy
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Michelle L Hastings
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Penelope J Hallett
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
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14
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Paolini Paoletti F, Gaetani L, Parnetti L. Molecular profiling in Parkinsonian syndromes: CSF biomarkers. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 506:55-66. [PMID: 32142717 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An accurate and early diagnosis of degenerative parkinsonian syndromes is a major need for their correct and timely therapeutic management. The current diagnostic criteria are mostly based on clinical features and molecular imaging. However, diagnostic doubts often persist especially in the early stages of diseases when signs are slight, ambiguous and overlapping among different syndromes. Molecular imaging may not be altered in the early stages of diseases, also failing to discriminate among different syndromes. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) represents an ideal source of biomarkers reflecting different pathways of neuropathological changes taking place in the brain and preceding the clinical onset. The aim of this review is to provide un update on CSF biomarkers in parkinsonian disorders, discussing in detail their association with neuropathological correlates. Their potential contribution in differential diagnosis and prognostic assessment of different parkinsonian syndromes is also discussed. Before entering the clinical use both for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, these CSF biomarkers need to be thoroughly assessed in terms of pre-analytical and analytical variability, as well as to clinical validation in independent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo Gaetani
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy; Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
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15
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Lysosomal Ceramide Metabolism Disorders: Implications in Parkinson's Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020594. [PMID: 32098196 PMCID: PMC7073989 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are a family of bioactive lipids belonging to the class of sphingolipids. Sphingolipidoses are a group of inherited genetic diseases characterized by the unmetabolized sphingolipids and the consequent reduction of ceramide pool in lysosomes. Sphingolipidoses include several disorders as Sandhoff disease, Fabry disease, Gaucher disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy, Krabbe disease, Niemann Pick disease, Farber disease, and GM2 gangliosidosis. In sphingolipidosis, lysosomal lipid storage occurs in both the central nervous system and visceral tissues, and central nervous system pathology is a common hallmark for all of them. Parkinson’s disease, the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, is characterized by the accumulation and aggregation of misfolded α-synuclein that seem associated to some lysosomal disorders, in particular Gaucher disease. This review provides evidence into the role of ceramide metabolism in the pathophysiology of lysosomes, highlighting the more recent findings on its involvement in Parkinson’s disease.
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16
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Autophagic- and Lysosomal-Related Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease: Lights and Shadows. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111317. [PMID: 31731485 PMCID: PMC6912814 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that currently affects 1% of the population over the age of 60 years, for which no disease-modifying treatments exist. This lack of effective treatments is related to the advanced stage of neurodegeneration existing at the time of diagnosis. Thus, the identification of early stage biomarkers is crucial. Biomarker discovery is often guided by the underlying molecular mechanisms leading to the pathology. One of the central pathways deregulated during PD, supported both by genetic and functional studies, is the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Hence, this review presents different studies on the expression and activity of autophagic and lysosomal proteins, and their functional consequences, performed in peripheral human biospecimens. Although most biomarkers are inconsistent between studies, some of them, namely HSC70 levels in sporadic PD patients, and cathepsin D levels and glucocerebrosidase activity in PD patients carrying GBA mutations, seem to be consistent. Hence, evidence exists that the impairment of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway underlying PD pathophysiology can be detected in peripheral biosamples and further tested as potential biomarkers. However, longitudinal, stratified, and standardized analyses are needed to confirm their clinical validity and utility.
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