1
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Yang B, Zhang YM, Wang C, Gu C, Li C, Yin H, Yan Y, Yang G, Zhang SXA. An electrochemically responsive B-O dynamic bond to switch photoluminescence of boron-nitrogen-doped polyaromatics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5166. [PMID: 38886345 PMCID: PMC11183244 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Boron-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exhibit excellent optical properties, and regulating their photophysical processes is a powerful strategy to understand the luminescence mechanism and develop new materials and applications. Herein, an electrochemically responsive B-O dynamic coordination bond is proposed, and used to regulate the photophysical processes of boron-nitrogen-doped polyaromatic hydrocarbons. The formation of the B-O coordination bond under a suitable voltage is confirmed by experiments and theoretical calculations, and B-O coordination bond can be broken back to the initial state under opposite voltage. The whole process is accompanied by reversible changes in photophysical properties. Further, electrofluorochromic devices are successfully prepared based on the above electrochemically responsive coordination bond. The success and harvest of this exploration are beneficial to understand the luminescence mechanism of boron-nitrogen-doped polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and provide ideas for design of dynamic covalent bonds and broaden material types and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baige Yang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Mo Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China.
| | - Chunyu Wang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Chang Gu
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Chenglong Li
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China.
| | - Hang Yin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Yan
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Guojian Yang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Sean Xiao-An Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China.
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2
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Lu Z, Lv W, Liu H, Liu Y, Liao S, Wang X, Zhu K. ProBox: A Rigid yet Dynamic Cyclophane Capable of Adaptive and Redox-Switchable Host-Guest Binding. Org Lett 2023; 25:3508-3511. [PMID: 37154438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A pyrrolodithiin-derived box-like cyclophane (ProBox), featuring an adaptive geometry with stimuli-responsiveness, was designed and successfully constructed. The dynamic and foldable dithiin subunit endowed the cyclophane with a compressible cavity which can transform from a hex-nut geometry to a nearly rectangular box upon complexing guests with various sizes and shapes. The resulting pseudorotaxane complexes could be dethreaded via electrochemical oxidation. Such an adaptive cavity along with redox-switchable host-guest binding of ProBox could enable further applications in complex molecular switches and machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghuan Lu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wanqian Lv
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yandie Liu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shuhua Liao
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xijie Wang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Kelong Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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3
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Ciarrocchi C, Fabbrizzi L, Licchelli M, Taglietti A. Electrochemically Driven Swinging of a Nitrobenzyl Pendant Arm in a Nickel Scorpionand Complex. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200462. [PMID: 35234313 PMCID: PMC9311437 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A radical anion −NO2.− is formed upon an electrochemically reversible one‐electron reduction of the square‐planar NiII complex of N‐nitrobenzylcyclam. The −NO2.− group goes to occupy an axial position of the metal ion, thus establishing a significant electronic interaction with the metal center. In particular, the ESR spectrum supports the occurrence of an electron transfer from −NO2.− to the metal, which therefore presents a significant NiI character. On re‐oxidation, the nitrobenzyl side chain detaches and the NiII complex is restored, providing an example of a fully reversible redox driven intramolecular motion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigi Fabbrizzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università di Pavia 27100 Pavia Italy
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4
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Rather I, Sofi FA, Bhat MA, Ali R. Synthesis of Novel One-Walled meso-Phenylboronic Acid-Functionalized Calix[4]pyrrole: A Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Dopamine. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15082-15089. [PMID: 35572746 PMCID: PMC9089685 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Facile access to new one-walled meso-substituted phenylboronic acid-functionalized calix[4]pyrrole (C4P) has been revealed for the first time, starting from cost-effective and easily accessible materials. The structures of both the intermediate dipyrromethane (DPM) and the targeted functionalized C4P have been confirmed by means of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, and HRMS spectral data. The voltammetric investigations of the functionalized C4P films cast over a glassy carbon electrode (C4P-GCE) clearly establish the redox stability and redox accessibility of the boronic acid functional moiety present in the C4P framework. We demonstrate that the presence of the unique boronic acid functionality in the C4P endows it with an excellent potential for the highly sensitive electrochemical sensing of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA). A linear correlation between the strength of the Faradaic signals corresponding to the electro-oxidation of DA over C4P-GCE and the concentration of DA was observed in a concentration range as wide as 0.165-2.302 μM. The C4P-GCE has revealed exceptional stability and reproducibility in the electrochemical sensing of DA, with a nanomolar level limit of detection as low as 15 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq
Ahmad Rather
- Organic
and Supramolecular Functional Materials Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Feroz Ahmad Sofi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Mohsin Ahmad Bhat
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Rashid Ali
- Organic
and Supramolecular Functional Materials Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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5
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Bera SK, Lahiri GK. Structural and electronic forms of doubly oxido/Pz and triply oxido/(Pz) 2 bridged mixed valent and isovalent diruthenium complexes (Pz = pyrazolate). Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17653-17664. [PMID: 34806731 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03076k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The article reported on the diastereomeric dinuclear mixed-valent complexes [(acac)2Ru(III)(μ-O)(μ-PzR)Ru(IV)(acac)2] (R = H, Me, meso: ΔΛ, 1a-1c; rac: ΔΔ/ΛΛ, 2a-2c) and rac-[(acac)2Ru(III)(μ-O)(μ-Iz)Ru(IV)(acac)2], (2d) (HPz = pyrazole, HIz = indazole, acac = acetylacetonate). Moreover, the diruthenium(II,II) complexes [(HPz)3Ru(II)(μ-O)(μ-Pz)2 Ru(II)(HPz)3] (3a) and [(HIz)3Ru(II)(μ-O)(μ-Iz)2Ru(II)(HIz)3] (3d) were presented. The analogous form of 3a, i.e., [(HPz)2(Pz)Ru(III)(μ-O)(μ-Pz)2Ru(III)(Pz)(HPz)2], was previously reported. Single crystal X-ray structures of 1a-1c/2a-2d and representative 3a showed their molecular forms, including the diastereomeric nature of the former. The Ru-O-Ru angle decreased appreciably on switching from doubly bridged 1 and 2 (128-135°) to triply bridged 3a (114°). Both series of complexes displayed rhombic symmetry in their EPR spectra, with g1 and g2 being very similar for 1a-1c with an almost axial look. The mixed-valence complex with a Ru(III)Ru(IV) (S = 1/2) state of 1 and 2 would lead to iso-valence complexes of Ru(III)Ru(III) and Ru(IV)Ru(IV) with an EPR inactive state by one electron redox reaction. On the other hand, metal based {Ru(II)Ru(II)/Ru(II)Ru(III), 3a/3a+} and terminal ligand (HPz/HPz-, 3a/3a-) based redox processes displayed anisotropic and free radical EPR, respectively. An IVCT (intervalence charge transfer) band was found for the delocalised mixed valent 1 and 2 {Ru(III)Ru(IV)} or 3a+ {Ru(II)Ru(III)} in the NIR region. The intense metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transitions of 1-3 in the visible region varied systematically as a function of the metal oxidation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Kumar Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
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6
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Omoto K, Tashiro S, Shionoya M. Phase-Dependent Reactivity and Host-Guest Behaviors of a Metallo-Macrocycle in Liquid and Solid-State Photosensitized Oxygenation Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5406-5412. [PMID: 33645968 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical oxygenation reactions of a host-guest complex, pCp⊂[Ag2L0](SbF6)2 (pCp = [2.2]paracyclophane) have been investigated in solution and in the solid state, using the macrocyclic ligand L0 having four anthracene moieties in the framework. As a result, it was found that the reactivity and host-guest functions show remarkable phase dependence. In solution, the photosensitized oxygenation of all the anthracene moieties of L0 resulted in a fully oxygenated macrocycle [Ag2L4](SbF6)2 as the final product, while simultaneously the guest molecule was dissociated from the macrocyclic cavity. On the other hand, in an amorphous solid of pCp⊂[Ag2L0](SbF6)2 prepared by decomposing single crystals through the removal of the crystalline solvent, the oxygenated site of L0 was significantly controlled to provide a site-selectively oxygenated inclusion complex, pCp⊂[Ag2L1](SbF6)2, possessing a mono-oxygenated Cs-symmetrical macrocyclic skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Omoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0003, Japan
| | - Shohei Tashiro
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0003, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Shionoya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0003, Japan
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7
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Choi H, Baek K, Toenjes ST, Gustafson JL, Smith DK. Redox-Responsive H-Bonding: Amplifying the Effect of Electron Transfer Using Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17271-17276. [PMID: 32981317 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy to create highly redox-responsive H-bond dimers based on proton-coupled electron transfer is proposed that capitalizes on the importance of secondary H-bonds in determining overall binding strength in H-bond dimers. Electron transfer induced proton transfer across a H-bond can be used to significantly strengthen the overall binding by both creating strong ionic H-bonds and changing the secondary H-bonds from unfavorable to favorable. The viability and potency of this approach are demonstrated with an electroactive DAD (A = H-acceptor, D = H-donor) array, H(MQ+)H, paired with an electroinactive ADA array, O(NH)O. NMR titration of H(MQ+)H with O(NH)O in 0.1 M NBu4PF6/CD2Cl2 gives a Kassoc of 500 M-1, typical of DAD-ADA dimers. However, upon two-electron reduction in 0.1 M NBu4PF6/CH2Cl2, cyclic voltammetry studies indicate a 1.8 × 105 increase in binding strength, corresponding to a very large Kassoc of 9 × 107 M-1. The latter value is typical of DDD-AAA H-bond dimers, consistent with proton transfer across the central H-bond upon reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejeong Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Kiyeol Baek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Sean T Toenjes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Gustafson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Diane K Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
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8
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Hisano N, Hirao T, Haino T. A dual redox-responsive supramolecular polymer driven by molecular recognition between bisporphyrin and trinitrofluorenone. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7553-7556. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02474k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A dual redox-responsive supramolecular polymer driven by molecular recognition between bisporphyrin (bisPor) and trinitrofluorenone (TNF) has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Hisano
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Hiroshima 739-8562
- Japan
| | - Takehiro Hirao
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Hiroshima 739-8562
- Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Hiroshima 739-8562
- Japan
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9
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Schröder HV, Schalley CA. Electrochemically switchable rotaxanes: recent strides in new directions. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9626-9639. [PMID: 32110308 PMCID: PMC7020790 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04118d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Are they still electrifying? Electrochemically switchable rotaxanes are well known for their ability to efficiently undergo changes of (co-)conformation and properties under redox-control. Thus, these mechanically interlocked assemblies represent an auspicious liaison between the fields of molecular switches and molecular electronics. Since the first reported example of a redox-switchable molecular shuttle in 1994, improved tools of organic and supramolecular synthesis have enabled sophisticated new architectures, which provide precise control over properties and function. This perspective covers recent advances in the area of electrochemically active rotaxanes including novel molecular switches and machines, metal-containing rotaxanes, non-equilibrium systems and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik V Schröder
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Christoph A Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany .
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10
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Abstract
Directed motion at the nanoscale is a central attribute of life, and chemically driven motor proteins are nature's choice to accomplish it. Motivated and inspired by such bionanodevices, in the past few decades chemists have developed artificial prototypes of molecular motors, namely, multicomponent synthetic species that exhibit directionally controlled, stimuli-induced movements of their parts. In this context, photonic and redox stimuli represent highly appealing modes of activation, particularly from a technological viewpoint. Here we describe the evolution of the field of photo- and redox-driven artificial molecular motors, and we provide a comprehensive review of the work published in the past 5 years. After an analysis of the general principles that govern controlled and directed movement at the molecular scale, we describe the fundamental photochemical and redox processes that can enable its realization. The main classes of light- and redox-driven molecular motors are illustrated, with a particular focus on recent designs, and a thorough description of the functions performed by these kinds of devices according to literature reports is presented. Limitations, challenges, and future perspectives of the field are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
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11
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Townsend EJ, Alotaibi M, Mills BM, Watanabe K, Seddon AM, Faul CFJ. Electroactive Amphiphiles for Addressable Supramolecular Nanostructures. CHEMNANOMAT : CHEMISTRY OF NANOMATERIALS FOR ENERGY, BIOLOGY AND MORE 2018; 4:741-752. [PMID: 31032175 PMCID: PMC6473557 DOI: 10.1002/cnma.201800194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this focus review we aim to highlight an exciting class of materials, electroactive amphiphiles (EAAs). This class of functional amphiphilic molecules has been the subject of sporadic investigations over the last few decades, but little attempt has been made to date to gather or organise these investigations into a logical fashion. Here we attempted to gather the most important contributions, provide a framework in which to discuss them, and, more importantly, point towards the areas where we believe these EAAs will contribute to solving wider scientific problems and open new opportunities. Our discussions cover materials based on low molecular weight ferrocenes, viologens and anilines, as well as examples of polymeric and supramolecular EAAs. With the advances of modern analytical techniques and new tools for modelling and understanding optoelectronic properties, we believe that this area of research is ready for further exploration and exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. J. Townsend
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials H.H. Wills Physics LaboratoryUniversity of BristolTyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TL
| | - M. Alotaibi
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
- Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceKing Abdul Aziz UniversityJeddah, KSA
| | - B. M. Mills
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | - K. Watanabe
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
- Research Organization of Science and TechnologyRitsumeikan University1-1-1 Noji-higashiKusatsu, Shiga525-8577Japan
| | - A. M. Seddon
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials H.H. Wills Physics LaboratoryUniversity of BristolTyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TL
- School of Physics H.H. Wills Physics LaboratoryUniversity of BristolTyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TL
| | - C. F. J. Faul
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
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12
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Chakraborty S, Newkome GR. Terpyridine-based metallosupramolecular constructs: tailored monomers to precise 2D-motifs and 3D-metallocages. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:3991-4016. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00030a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive summary of the recent developments in the growing field of terpyridine-based, discrete metallosupramolecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George R. Newkome
- Department of Polymer Science
- University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
- Departments of Chemistry
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13
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Sundharamurthi S, Sudha K, Karthikaikumar S, Abinaya K, Reddy VR, Kalimuthu P. Switching of inter-valence charge transfer in stimuli-responsive bis(ferrocenyl)porphyrin. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04522k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive 5,15-bis(ferrocenyl)-10,20-bis(mesityl)porphyrin (BFP) was synthesized and used to demonstrate the ON/OFF switching of inter-valence charge transfer (IVCT) between ferrocene terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaliyaperumal Sudha
- Department of Chemistry
- The Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed to be University
- Gandhigram
- India
| | | | - Kalyanasundaram Abinaya
- Department of Chemistry
- The Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed to be University
- Gandhigram
- India
| | | | - Palanisamy Kalimuthu
- Department of Chemistry
- The Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed to be University
- Gandhigram
- India
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14
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Fukino T, Yamagishi H, Aida T. Redox-Responsive Molecular Systems and Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603888. [PMID: 27990693 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Redox reactions can alter the electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of molecules and their ensembles by adding or removing electrons. Here, the developments made over the past 10 years using molecular events are discussed, such as assembly/disassembly, transformation of ensembles, geometric changes, and molecular motions that are designed to be redox-responsive. Considerable progress has occurred in the application of these events to the realization of electronic memory, color displays, actuators, adhesives, and drug delivery. In these cases, systems behave in either a highly or a poorly correlated manner depending on the number of redox-active units involved, based on the method of integration. One of the great advantages of redox-responsive devices and materials is that they have the potential to be readily integrated into existing electronic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fukino
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamagishi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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15
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Veerbeek J, Méndez‐Ardoy A, Huskens J. Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Guest Molecules at β-Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Silicon Electrodes. ChemElectroChem 2017; 4:1470-1477. [PMID: 28706776 PMCID: PMC5485161 DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization of silicon-based sensing devices with self-assembled receptor monolayers offers flexibility and specificity towards the requested analyte as well as the possibility of sensor reuse. As electrical sensor performance is determined by electron transfer, we functionalized H-terminated silicon substrates with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) molecules to investigate the electronic coupling between these host monolayers and the substrate. A trivalent (one ferrocene and two adamantyl moieties), redox-active guest was bound to the β-CD surface with a coverage of about 10-11 mol/cm2 and an overall binding constant of 1.5⋅109 M-1. This packing density of the host monolayers on silicon is lower than that for similar β-CD monolayers on gold. The monolayers were comparable on low-doped p-type and highly doped p++ substrates regarding their packing density and the extent of oxide formation. Nonetheless, the electron transfer was more favorable on p++ substrates, as shown by the lower values of the peak splitting and peak widths in the cyclic voltammograms. These results show that the electron-transfer rate on the host monolayers is not only determined by the composition of the monolayer, but also by the doping level of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Veerbeek
- Molecular NanoFabrication GroupMESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of TwenteP.O. Box 2177500 AEEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Méndez‐Ardoy
- Molecular NanoFabrication GroupMESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of TwenteP.O. Box 2177500 AEEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular NanoFabrication GroupMESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of TwenteP.O. Box 2177500 AEEnschedeThe Netherlands
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16
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Beyeh NK, Jo HH, Kolesnichenko I, Pan F, Kalenius E, Anslyn EV, Ras RHA, Rissanen K. Recognition of Viologen Derivatives in Water by N-Alkyl Ammonium Resorcinarene Chlorides. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5198-5203. [PMID: 28452495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three water-soluble N-alkyl ammonium resorcinarene chlorides decorated with terminal hydroxyl groups at the lower rims were synthesized and characterized. The receptors were decorated at the upper rim with either terminal hydroxyl, rigid cyclohexyl, or flexible benzyl groups. The binding affinities of these receptors toward three viologen derivatives, two of which possess an acetylmethyl group attached to one of the pyridine nitrogens, in water were investigated via 1H NMR spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). ITC quantification of the binding process gave association constants of up to 103 M-1. Analyses reveal a spontaneous binding process which are all exothermic and are both enthalpy and entropy driven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngong Kodiah Beyeh
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University , Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Hyun Hwa Jo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Igor Kolesnichenko
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Fangfang Pan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Central China Normal University , 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Elina Kalenius
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Centre, University of Jyvaskyla , P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Robin H A Ras
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University , Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Centre, University of Jyvaskyla , P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
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17
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Arkhypchuk AI, Orthaber A, Borbas KE. Synthesis and Characterization of Ferrocenyl Chlorins, 1,1′-Ferrocene-Linked Chlorin Dimers, and their BODIPY Analogues. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:3044-3054. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b03158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna I. Arkhypchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K. Eszter Borbas
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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Löffler S, Wuttke A, Zhang B, Holstein JJ, Mata RA, Clever GH. Influence of size, shape, heteroatom content and dispersive contributions on guest binding in a coordination cage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11933-11936. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04855f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulation of neutral guest molecules inside a self-assembled coordination cage was systematically studied using NMR and MS experiments. Electronic structure calculations reveal substantial contributions of dispersive interactions to binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Löffler
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- TU Dortmund University
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Axel Wuttke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry
- Georg-August-University Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- TU Dortmund University
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Julian J. Holstein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- TU Dortmund University
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Ricardo A. Mata
- Institute for Physical Chemistry
- Georg-August-University Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- TU Dortmund University
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
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19
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Hosomi T, Masai H, Matsuda W, Seki S, Fujihara T, Tsuji Y, Terao J. Synthesis of Highly Insulated Conjugated Metallopolymers Containing Terpyridine–Metal Complexes. CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.160386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Ueda M, Terazawa S, Deguchi Y, Kimura M, Matsubara N, Miyagawa S, Kawasaki T, Tokunaga Y. Five-State Molecular Shuttling of a Pair of [2]Rotaxanes: Distinct Outputs in Response to Acid and Base Stimuli. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2291-300. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ueda
- University of Fukui; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Shoya Terazawa
- University of Fukui; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Yasuaki Deguchi
- University of Fukui; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Masaki Kimura
- University of Fukui; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Naoki Matsubara
- University of Fukui; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Shinobu Miyagawa
- University of Fukui; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Tsuneomi Kawasaki
- University of Fukui; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Yuji Tokunaga
- University of Fukui; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
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21
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Frank M, Ahrens J, Bejenke I, Krick M, Schwarzer D, Clever GH. Light-Induced Charge Separation in Densely Packed Donor–Acceptor Coordination Cages. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8279-87. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Frank
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August University Göttingen, Tammannstraße
4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Ahrens
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Isabel Bejenke
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August University Göttingen, Tammannstraße
4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Krick
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August University Göttingen, Tammannstraße
4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August University Göttingen, Tammannstraße
4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße
6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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22
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Unsal H, Schmidt J, Talmon Y, Yildirim LT, Aydogan N. Dual-Responsive Lipid Nanotubes: Two-Way Morphology Control by pH and Redox Effects. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:5324-5332. [PMID: 27148756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanotubes are the preferred structures for many applications, especially biological ones, and thus have attracted much interest recently. However, there is still a significant need for developing more lipid nanotubes that are reversibly controllable to improve their functionality and usability. Here, we presented a two-way reversible morphology control of the nanotubes formed by the recently designed molecule AQUA (C25H29NO4). Because of its special design, the AQUA has both pH-sensitive and redox-active characters provided by the carboxylic acid and anthraquinone groups. Upon chemical reduction, the nanotubes turned into thinner ribbons, and this structural transformation was significantly reversible. The reduction of the AQUA nanotubes also switched the nanotubes from electrically conductive to insulative. Nanotube morphology can additionally be altered by decreasing the pH below the pKa value of the AQUA, at ∼4.9. Decreasing the pH caused the gradual unfolding of the nanotubes, and the interlayer distance in the nanotube's walls increased. This morphological change was fast and reversible at a wide pH range, including the physiological pH. Thus, the molecular design of the AQUA allowed for an unprecedented two-way and reversible morphology control with both redox and pH effects. These unique features make AQUA a very promising candidate for many applications, ranging from electronics to controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith Schmidt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003, Israel
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fabre
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS/Université de Rennes 1, Matière Condensée et Systèmes Electroactifs MaCSE, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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24
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25
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Berg M, Nozinovic S, Engeser M, Lützen A. A Cholesterol Containing pH-Sensitive Bistable [2]Rotaxane. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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27
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Leung KCF, Lau KN, Wong WY. Revisiting the formation and tunable dissociation of a [2]pseudorotaxane formed by slippage approach. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:8254-65. [PMID: 25872145 PMCID: PMC4425079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16048254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new [2]pseudorotaxane DB24C8⊃1-H·PF6 with dibenzo[24]crown-8 (DB24C8) crown ether-dibenzylammonium (1-H·PF6) binding which was formed by slippage approach at different solvents and temperature, had been isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The [2]pseudorotaxane DB24C8⊃1-H·PF6 was stable at room temperature. The dissociation rate of [2]pseudorotaxane DB24C8⊃1-H·PF6 could be tuned by using different stimuli such as triethylamine (TEA)/diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). In particular, the dissociation of [2]pseudorotaxane DB24C8⊃1-H·PF6 by an excess of TEA/DIPEA base mixture possessed a long and sustained, complete dissociation over 60 days. Other stimuli by DMSO possessed a relatively fast dissociation over 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Cham-Fai Leung
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Creativity, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, University Grants Committee, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kwun-Ngai Lau
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wing-Yan Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
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28
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Löffler S, Lübben J, Krause L, Stalke D, Dittrich B, Clever GH. Triggered Exchange of Anionic for Neutral Guests inside a Cationic Coordination Cage. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1060-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5130379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Löffler
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstraße
4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Lübben
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstraße
4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lennard Krause
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstraße
4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstraße
4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Birger Dittrich
- Institute
of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, Univ. of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz
6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstraße
4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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29
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Ferrocenyl substituted oxo-derivatives of carboranes: Synthesis and some chemical transformations. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Electrochemical responsive arrays of sulfonatocalixarene groups prepared by free radical polymerization. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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32
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Andersen SS, Share AI, Poulsen BLC, Kørner M, Duedal T, Benson CR, Hansen SW, Jeppesen JO, Flood AH. Mechanistic Evaluation of Motion in Redox-Driven Rotaxanes Reveals Longer Linkers Hasten Forward Escapes and Hinder Backward Translations. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6373-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5013596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sissel S. Andersen
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Andrew I. Share
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Bjørn La Cour Poulsen
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Mads Kørner
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Troels Duedal
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Christopher R. Benson
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Stinne W. Hansen
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jan O. Jeppesen
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Amar H. Flood
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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33
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Martínez-González E, Frontana C. Employment of electrodonating capacity as an index of reactive modulation by substituent effects: application for electron-transfer-controlled hydrogen bonding. J Org Chem 2014; 79:1131-7. [PMID: 24428630 DOI: 10.1021/jo402565t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of the substituent effect in reaction series is an issue of interest, as it is fundamental for controlling chemical reactivity in molecules. Within the framework of density functional theory, employment of the chemical potential, μ, and the chemical hardness, η, leads to the calculation of properties of common use, such as the electrodonating (ω(-)) and electroaccepting (ω(+)) powers, in many chemical systems. In order to examine the predictive character of the substituent effect by these indexes, a comparison between these and experimental binding constants (Kb) for binding of a series of radical anions from para- and ortho-substituted nitrobenzenes with 1,3-diethylurea in acetonitrile was performed, and fair correlations were obtained; furthermore, this strategy was suitable for all of the studied compounds, even those for which empirical approximations, such as Hammett's model, are not valid. Visual representations of substituent effects are presented by considering the local electrodonating power ω(-)(r).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica , Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, 76703 Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
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34
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Clare LA, Pham AT, Magdaleno F, Acosta J, Woods JE, Cooksy AL, Smith DK. Electrochemical evidence for intermolecular proton-coupled electron transfer through a hydrogen bond complex in a p-phenylenediamine-based urea. Introduction of the "wedge scheme" as a useful means to describe reactions of this type. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:18930-41. [PMID: 24283378 DOI: 10.1021/ja410061x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemistry of several p-phenylenediamine derivatives, in which one of the amino groups is part of an urea functional group, has been investigated in methylene chloride and acetonitrile. The ureas are abbreviated U(R)R', where R' indicates the substituent on the N that is part of the phenylenediamine redox couple and R indicates the substituent on the other urea N. Cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis spectroelectrochemical studies indicate that U(Me)H and U(H)H undergo an apparent 1e(-) oxidation that actually corresponds to 2e(-) oxidation of half the ureas to a quinoidal-diimine cation, U(R)(+). This is accompanied by proton transfer to the other half of the ureas to make the electroinactive cation HU(R)H(+). This explains the observed irreversibility of the oxidation of U(Me)H in both solvents and U(H)H in acetonitrile. However, the oxidation of U(H)H in methylene chloride is reversible at higher concentrations and slower scan rates. Several lines of evidence suggest that the most likely reason for this is the accessibility of a H-bond complex between U(H)(+) and HU(H)H(+) in methylene chloride. Reduction of the H-bond complex occurs at a less negative potential than that of U(H)(+), leading to reversible behavior. This conclusion is strongly supported by the appearance of a more negative reduction peak at lower concentrations and faster scan rates, conditions in which the H-bond complex is less favored. The overall reaction mechanism is conveniently described by a "wedge scheme", which is a more general version of the square scheme typically used to describe redox processes in which proton transfer accompanies electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie A Clare
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University , San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
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35
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Li F, Ito T. Complexation-Induced Control of Electron Propagation Based on Bounded Diffusion through Nanopore-Tethered Ferrocenes. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:16260-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja407002d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
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36
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Li Q, Luo L, Yan X, Zhou W, Wang F. Ionic self-assembled fluorescent microfibres with electrochemical properties. Supramol Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2013.842646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, P.R. China
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37
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Kishi N, Akita M, Kamiya M, Hayashi S, Hsu HF, Yoshizawa M. Facile Catch and Release of Fullerenes Using a Photoresponsive Molecular Tube. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:12976-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja406893y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norifumi Kishi
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku,
Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku,
Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Motoshi Kamiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa,
Oiwakecho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa,
Oiwakecho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hsiu-Fu Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, 251 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku,
Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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38
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Oxidation-induced the Formation of Vesicles from Ferrocene Derivative Superamphiphiles. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201200065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Yang L, Gomez-Casado A, Young JF, Nguyen HD, Cabanas-Danés J, Huskens J, Brunsveld L, Jonkheijm P. Reversible and oriented immobilization of ferrocene-modified proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:19199-206. [PMID: 23126430 DOI: 10.1021/ja308450n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Adopting supramolecular chemistry for immobilization of proteins is an attractive strategy that entails reversibility and responsiveness to stimuli. The reversible and oriented immobilization and micropatterning of ferrocene-tagged yellow fluorescent proteins (Fc-YFPs) onto β-cyclodextrin (βCD) molecular printboards was characterized using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy in combination with electrochemistry. The proteins were assembled on the surface through the specific supramolecular host-guest interaction between βCD and ferrocene. Application of a dynamic covalent disulfide lock between two YFP proteins resulted in a switch from monovalent to divalent ferrocene interactions with the βCD surface, yielding a more stable protein immobilization. The SPR titration data for the protein immobilization were fitted to a 1:1 Langmuir-type model, yielding K(LM) = 2.5 × 10(5) M(-1) and K(i,s) = 1.2 × 10(3) M(-1), which compares favorably to the intrinsic binding constant presented in the literature for the monovalent interaction of ferrocene with βCD self-assembled monolayers. In addition, the SPR binding experiments were qualitatively simulated, confirming the binding of Fc-YFP in both divalent and monovalent fashion to the βCD monolayers. The Fc-YFPs could be patterned on βCD surfaces in uniform monolayers, as revealed using fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements. Both fluorescence microscopy imaging and SPR measurements were carried out with the in situ capability to perform cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. These studies emphasize the repetitive desorption and adsorption of the ferrocene-tagged proteins from the βCD surface upon electrochemical oxidation and reduction, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanti Yang
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group, Department of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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40
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Construction and transformation of stimuli-responsive vesicles from the ferrocene derivative supramolecular amphiphiles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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de la Rica R, Aili D, Stevens MM. Enzyme-responsive nanoparticles for drug release and diagnostics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:967-78. [PMID: 22266127 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are key components of the bionanotechnology toolbox that possess exceptional biorecognition capabilities and outstanding catalytic properties. When combined with the unique physical properties of nanomaterials, the resulting enzyme-responsive nanoparticles can be designed to perform functions efficiently and with high specificity for the triggering stimulus. This powerful concept has been successfully applied to the fabrication of drug delivery schemes where the tissue of interest is targeted via release of cargo triggered by the biocatalytic action of an enzyme. Moreover, the chemical transformation of the carrier by the enzyme can also generate therapeutic molecules, therefore paving the way to design multimodal nanomedicines with synergistic effects. Dysregulation of enzymatic activity has been observed in a number of severe pathological conditions, and this observation is useful not only to program drug delivery in vivo but also to fabricate ultrasensitive sensors for diagnosing these diseases. In this review, several enzyme-responsive nanomaterials such as polymer-based nanoparticles, liposomes, gold nanoparticles and quantum dots are introduced, and the modulation of their physicochemical properties by enzymatic activity emphasized. When known, toxicological issues related to the utilization nanomaterials are highlighted. Key examples of enzyme-responsive nanomaterials for drug delivery and diagnostics are presented, classified by the type of effector biomolecule, including hydrolases such as proteases, lipases and glycosidases, and oxidoreductases.
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Su X, Lessing T, Aprahamian I. The importance of the rotor in hydrazone-based molecular switches. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:872-6. [PMID: 23015836 PMCID: PMC3388876 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pH-activated E/Z isomerization of a series of hydrazone-based systems having different functional groups as part of the rotor (R = COMe, CN, Me, H), was studied. The switching efficiency of these systems was compared to that of a hydrazone-based molecular switch (R = COOEt) whose E/Z isomerization is fully reversible. It was found that the nature of the R group is critical for efficient switching to occur; the R group should be a moderate H-bond acceptor in order to (i) provide enough driving force for the rotor to move upon protonation, and (ii) stabilize the obtained Z configuration, to achieve full conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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43
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Iordache A, Retegan M, Thomas F, Royal G, Saint-Aman E, Bucher C. Redox-Responsive Porphyrin-Based Molecular Tweezers. Chemistry 2012; 18:7648-53. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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44
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45
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46
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Tucker JHR. Molecular Redox Sensors. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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47
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Jańczewski D, Song J, Csányi E, Kiss L, Blazsó P, Katona RL, Deli MA, Gros G, Xu J, Vancso GJ. Organometallic polymeric carriers for redox triggered release of molecular payloads. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm15755a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Saha S, Ravikumar I, Ghosh P. A Fluorophoric-Axle-Based, Nonfluororescent, Metallo anti-[3]Pseudorotaxane: Recovery of Fluorescence by Means of an Axle Substitution Reaction. Chemistry 2011; 17:13712-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Du P, Liu J, Chen G, Jiang M. Dual responsive supramolecular hydrogel with electrochemical activity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:9602-9608. [PMID: 21696222 DOI: 10.1021/la201843z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular materials with reversible responsiveness to environmental changes are of particular research interest in recent years. Inclusion complexation between cyclodextrin (CD) and ferrocene (Fc) is well-known and extensively studied because of its reversible association-dissociation controlled by the redox state of Fc. Although there are quite a few reported nanoscale materials incorporating this host-guest pair, polymeric hydrogels with electrochemical activity based on this interactive pair are still rare. Taking advantage of our previous reported hybrid inclusion complex (HIC) hydrogel structure, a new Fc-HIC was designed and obtained with β-CD-modified quantum dots as the core and Fc-ended diblock co-polymer p(DMA-b-NIPAM) as the shell, to achieve an electrochemically active hydrogel at elevated temperatures. Considering the two independent cross-linking strategies in the network structure, i.e., the interchain aggregation of pNIPAM and inclusion complexation between CD and Fc on the surface of the quantum dots, the hydrogel was fully thermo-reversible and its gel-sol transition was achieved after the addition of either an oxidizing agent or a competitive guest to Fc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Ministry of Education, and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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de la Rica R, Fratila RM, Szarpak A, Huskens J, Velders AH. Multivalent nanoparticle networks as ultrasensitive enzyme sensors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5704-7. [PMID: 21591033 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201008189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto de la Rica
- Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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