1
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Li J, Ott S. The Molecular Nature of Redox-Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks. Acc Chem Res 2024. [PMID: 39288193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusRedox-conductive metal-organic frameworks (RC-MOFs) are a class of porous materials that exhibit electrical conductivity through a chain of self-exchange reactions between molecularly defined, neighboring redox-active units of differing oxidation states. To maintain electroneutrality, this electron hopping transport is coupled to the translocation of charge balancing counterions. Owing to the molecular nature of the redox active components, RC-MOFs have received increasing attention for potential applications in energy storage, electrocatalysis, reconfigurable electronics, etc. While our understanding of fundamental aspects that govern electron hopping transport in RC-MOFs has improved during the past decade, certain fundamental aspects such as questions that arise from the coupling between electron hopping and diffusion migration of charge balancing counterions are still not fully understood.In this Account, we summarize and discuss our group's efforts to answer some of these fundamental questions while also demonstrating the applicability of RC-MOFs in energy-related applications. First, we introduce general design strategies for RC-MOFs, fundamentals that govern their charge transport properties, and experimental diagnostics that allow for their identification. Selected examples with redox-active organic linkers or metallo-linkers are discussed to demonstrate how the molecular characteristics of the redox-active units inside RC-MOFs are retained. Second, we summarize experimental techniques that can be used to characterize charge transport properties in a RC-MOF. The apparent electron diffusion coefficient, Deapp, that is frequently determined in the field and obtained in large perturbation, transient experiments will be discussed and related to redox conductivity, σ, that is obtained in a steady state setup. It will be shown that both MOF-intrinsic (topology, pore size, and apertures) and experimental (nature of electrolyte, solvent) factors can have noticeable impact on electrical conductivity through RC-MOFs. Lastly, we summarize our progress in utilizing RC-MOFs as electrochromic materials, materials for harvesting minority carriers from illuminated semiconductors and within electrocatalysis. In the latter case, recent work on multivariate RC-MOFs in which redox active linkers are used to "wire" redox catalysts in the crystal interiors will be presented, offering opportunities to independently optimize charge transport and catalytic function.The ambition of this Account is to inspire the design of new RC-MOF systems, to aid their identification, to provide mechanistic insights into the governing ion-coupled electron hopping transport mode of conductivity, and ultimately to promote their applications in existing and emerging areas. With basically unlimited possibilities of molecular engineering tools, together with research in both fundamental and applied fields, we believe that RC-MOFs will attract even more attention in the future to unlock their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingguo Li
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Doughty T, Zingl A, Wünschek M, Pichler CM, Watkins MB, Roy S. Structural Reconstruction of a Cobalt- and Ferrocene-Based Metal-Organic Framework during the Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:40814-40824. [PMID: 39041926 PMCID: PMC11310903 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are increasingly being investigated as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to their unique modular structures that present a hybrid between molecular and heterogeneous catalysts, featuring well-defined active sites. However, many fundamental questions remain open regarding the electrochemical stability of MOFs, structural reconstruction of coordination sites, and the role of in situ-formed species. Here, we report the structural transformation of a surface-grown MOF containing cobalt nodes and 1,1'-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid linkers (denoted as CoFc-MOF) during the OER in alkaline electrolyte. Ex situ and in situ investigations of CoFc-MOF film suggest that the MOF acts as a precatalyst and undergoes a two-step restructuring process under operating conditions to generate a metal oxyhydroxide phase. The MOF-derived metal oxyhydroxide catalyst, supported on nickel foam electrodes, displays high activity toward the OER with an overpotential of 190 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2. While this study demonstrates the necessity of investigating structural evolution of MOFs during electrocatalysis, it also shows the potential of using MOFs as precursors in catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Doughty
- School
of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Green Lane, Lincoln LN6 7DL, U.K.
| | - Andrea Zingl
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Vienna, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - Maximilian Wünschek
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Vienna, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - Christian M. Pichler
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Vienna, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, Vienna 1040, Austria
- Centre
of Electrochemical and Surface Technology, Viktor Kaplan Straße 2, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
| | - Matthew B. Watkins
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, University of
Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom
| | - Souvik Roy
- School
of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Green Lane, Lincoln LN6 7DL, U.K.
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3
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Tsai MD, Wu KC, Kung CW. Zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks and their roles in electrocatalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8360-8374. [PMID: 39034845 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02793k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Due to their exceptional chemical stability in water and high structural tunability, zirconium(IV)-based MOFs (Zr-MOFs) have been considered attractive materials in the broad fields of electrocatalysis. Numerous studies published since 2015 have attempted to utilise Zr-MOFs in electrocatalysis, with the porous framework serving as either the active electrocatalyst or the scaffold or surface coating to further enhance the performance of the actual electrocatalyst. Herein, the roles of Zr-MOFs in electrocatalytic processes are discussed, and some selected examples reporting the applications of Zr-MOFs in various electrocatalytic reactions, including several studies from our group, are overviewed. Challenges, limitations and opportunities in using Zr-MOFs in electrocatalysis in future studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Dian Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Chu Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Wei Kung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan.
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4
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Li J, Kumar A, Ott S. Diffusional Electron Transport Coupled to Thermodynamically Driven Electron Transfers in Redox-Conductive Multivariate Metal-Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12000-12010. [PMID: 38639553 PMCID: PMC11066865 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The development of redox-conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and the fundamental understanding of charge propagation through these materials are central to their applications in energy storage, electronics, and catalysis. To answer some unresolved questions about diffusional electron hopping transport and redox conductivity, mixed-linker MOFs were constructed from two statistically distributed redox-active linkers, pyromellitic diimide bis-pyrazolate (PMDI) and naphthalene diimide bis-pyrazolate (NDI), and grown as crystalline thin films on conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). Owing to the distinct redox properties of the linkers, four well-separated and reversible redox events are resolved by cyclic voltammetry, and the mixed-linker MOFs can exist in five discrete redox states. Each state is characterized by a unique spectroscopic signature, and the interconversions between the states can be followed spectroscopically under operando conditions. With the help of pulsed step-potential spectrochronoamperometry, two modes of electron propagation through the mixed-linker MOF are identified: diffusional electron hopping transport between linkers of the same type and a second channel that arises from thermodynamically driven electron transfers between linkers of different types. Corresponding to the four redox events of the mixed-linker MOFs, four distinct bell-shaped redox conductivity profiles are observed at a steady state. The magnitude of the maximum redox conductivity is evidenced to be dependent on the distance between redox hopping sites, analogous to the situation for apparent electron diffusion coefficients, Deapp, that are obtained in transient experiments. The design of mixed-linker redox-conductive MOFs and detailed studies of their charge transport properties present new opportunities for future applications of MOFs, in particular, within electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingguo Li
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of Chemistry—Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amol Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of Chemistry—Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Parashar RK, Jash P, Zharnikov M, Mondal PC. Metal-organic Frameworks in Semiconductor Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317413. [PMID: 38252076 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a specific class of hybrid, crystalline, nano-porous materials made of metal-ion-based 'nodes' and organic linkers. Most of the studies on MOFs largely focused on porosity, chemical and structural diversity, gas sorption, sensing, drug delivery, catalysis, and separation applications. In contrast, much less reports paid attention to understanding and tuning the electrical properties of MOFs. Poor electrical conductivity of MOFs (~10-7-10-10 S cm-1), reported in earlier studies, impeded their applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and renewable energy storage. To overcome this drawback, the MOF community has adopted several intriguing strategies for electronic applications. The present review focuses on creatively designed bulk MOFs and surface-anchored MOFs (SURMOFs) with different metal nodes (from transition metals to lanthanides), ligand functionalities, and doping entities, allowing tuning and enhancement of electrical conductivity. Diverse platforms for MOFs-based electronic device fabrications, conductivity measurements, and underlying charge transport mechanisms are also addressed. Overall, the review highlights the pros and cons of MOFs-based electronics (MOFtronics), followed by an analysis of the future directions of research, including optimization of the MOF compositions, heterostructures, electrical contacts, device stacking, and further relevant options which can be of interest for MOF researchers and result in improved devices performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeev Kumar Parashar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Priyajit Jash
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Prakash Chandra Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
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6
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Huang L, Liu Z, Gao G, Chen C, Xue Y, Zhao J, Lei Q, Jin M, Zhu C, Han Y, Francisco JS, Lu X. Enhanced CO 2 Electroreduction Selectivity toward Ethylene on Pyrazolate-Stabilized Asymmetric Ni-Cu Hybrid Sites. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26444-26451. [PMID: 37991477 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess well-defined, designable structures, holding great potential in enhancing product selectivity for electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) through active site engineering. Here, we report a novel MOF catalyst featuring pyrazolate-stabilized asymmetric Ni/Cu sites, which not only maintains structural stability under harsh electrochemical conditions but also exhibits extraordinarily high ethylene (C2H4) selectivity during CO2R. At a cathode potential of -1.3 V versus RHE, our MOF catalyst, denoted as Cu1Ni-BDP, manifests a C2H4 Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 52.7% with an overall current density of 0.53 A cm-2 in 1.0 M KOH electrolyte, surpassing that on prevailing Cu-based catalysts. More remarkably, the Cu1Ni-BDP MOF exhibits a stable performance with only 4.5% reduction in C2H4 FE during 25 h of CO2 electrolysis. A suite of characterization tools─such as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, operando X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy─and density functional theory calculations collectively reveal that the cubic pyrazolate-metal coordination structure and the asymmetric Ni-Cu sites in the MOF catalyst synergistically facilitate the stable formation of C2H4 from CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- CCRC, Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), PSE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziao Liu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ge Gao
- CCRC, Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), PSE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Cailing Chen
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), PSE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanrong Xue
- CCRC, Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), PSE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiwu Zhao
- CCRC, Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), PSE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiong Lei
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), PSE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mengtian Jin
- CCRC, Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), PSE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Chongqin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu Han
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), PSE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Electron Microscopy Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xu Lu
- CCRC, Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), PSE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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7
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Zeng X, Liao L, Yu Q, Wang M, Wang H. Theoretical Prediction of Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO 2 Using a 2D Catalyst Composed of 3 d Transition Metal and Hexaamine Dipyrazino Quinoxaline. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302232. [PMID: 37583085 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Transition metals and organic ligands combine to form metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which possess distinct active sites, large specific surface areas and stable porous structures, giving them considerable promise for CO2 reduction electrocatalysis. In the present study, using spin polarisation density-functional theory, a series of 2D MOFs constructed from 3d transition metal and hexamethylene dipyrazoline quinoxaline(HADQ) were investigated. The calculated binding energies between HADQ and metal atoms for the ten TM-HADQ monolayers were strong sufficient to stably disperse the metal atoms in the HADQ monolayers. Of the ten catalysts tested, seven (Sc, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ti, V and Cr) exhibited high CO2 reduction selectivity, while Mn, Fe and Co required pH values above 2.350, 6.461 and 6.363, respectively, to exhibit CO2 reduction selectivity. HCOOH was the most important producer for Sc, Zn, Ni and Mn, while CH4 was the main producer for Ti, Cr, Fe and V. Cu and Co were less selective, producing HCHO, CH3 OH, and CH4 simultaneously at the same rate-determining step and limiting potential. The Cu-HADQ catalyst had a high overpotential for the HCHO product (1.022 V), while the other catalysts had lower overpotentials between 0.016 V and 0.792 V. Thus, these results predict TM-HADQ to show excellent activity in CO2 electrocatalytic reduction and to become a promising electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianshi Zeng
- Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Luliang Liao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinyu University, Xinyu, 338004, China
| | - Qiming Yu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Meishan Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Hongming Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
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8
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Monnier V, Odobel F, Diring S. Exploring the Impact of Successive Redox Events in Thin Films of Metal-Organic Frameworks: An Absorptiometric Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19232-19242. [PMID: 37615947 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) featuring redox activity are highly appealing for electrocatalytic or charge accumulation applications. An important aspect in this field is the ability to address as many redox centers as possible in the material by an efficient diffusion of charges. Herein, we investigate for the first time the charge diffusion processes occurring upon two sequential one-electron reductions in an MOF thin film. Two pyrazolate-zinc(II)-based MOFs including highly electro-deficient perylene diimide (PDI) ligands were grown on conducting substrates, affording thin films with double n-type electrochromic properties as characterized by spectroelectrochemical analysis. In depth electrochemical and chronoabsorptiometric investigations were carried out to probe the charge diffusion in the MOF layers and highlighted significant differences in terms of diffusion kinetics and material stability between the first and second successive reduction of the redox-active PDI linkers. Our results show that MOFs based on multiredox centers are more sensitive to encumbrance-related issues than their monoredox analogues in the context of electrochemical applications, an observation that further underlines the fundamental aspect of careful pore dimensions toward efficient and fast ion diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Monnier
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Fabrice Odobel
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Diring
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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9
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Li J, Kumar A, Johnson BA, Ott S. Experimental manifestation of redox-conductivity in metal-organic frameworks and its implication for semiconductor/insulator switching. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4388. [PMID: 37474545 PMCID: PMC10359279 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Electric conductivity in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) follows either a band-like or a redox-hopping charge transport mechanism. While conductivity by the band-like mechanism is theoretically and experimentally well established, the field has struggled to experimentally demonstrate redox conductivity that is promoted by the electron hopping mechanism. Such redox conductivity is predicted to maximize at the mid-point potential of the redox-active units in the MOF, and decline rapidly when deviating from this situation. Herein, we present direct experimental evidence for redox conductivity in fluorine-doped tin oxide surface-grown thin films of Zn(pyrazol-NDI) (pyrazol-NDI = 1,4-bis[(3,5-dimethyl)-pyrazol-4-yl]naphthalenediimide). Following Nernstian behavior, the proportion of reduced and oxidized NDI linkers can be adjusted by the applied potential. Through a series of conductivity measurements, it is demonstrated that the MOF exhibits minimal electric resistance at the mid-point potentials of the NDI linker, and conductivity is enhanced by more than 10000-fold compared to that of either the neutral or completely reduced films. The generality of redox conductivity is demonstrated in MOFs with different linkers and secondary building units, and its implication for applications that require switching between insulating and semiconducting regimes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingguo Li
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amol Kumar
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ben A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Uferstraße 53, Straubing, 94315, Germany
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden.
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10
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Suremann NF, McCarthy BD, Gschwind W, Kumar A, Johnson BA, Hammarström L, Ott S. Molecular Catalysis of Energy Relevance in Metal-Organic Frameworks: From Higher Coordination Sphere to System Effects. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6545-6611. [PMID: 37184577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The modularity and synthetic flexibility of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have provoked analogies with enzymes, and even the term MOFzymes has been coined. In this review, we focus on molecular catalysis of energy relevance in MOFs, more specifically water oxidation, oxygen and carbon dioxide reduction, as well as hydrogen evolution in context of the MOF-enzyme analogy. Similar to enzymes, catalyst encapsulation in MOFs leads to structural stabilization under turnover conditions, while catalyst motifs that are synthetically out of reach in a homogeneous solution phase may be attainable as secondary building units in MOFs. Exploring the unique synthetic possibilities in MOFs, specific groups in the second and third coordination sphere around the catalytic active site have been incorporated to facilitate catalysis. A key difference between enzymes and MOFs is the fact that active site concentrations in the latter are often considerably higher, leading to charge and mass transport limitations in MOFs that are more severe than those in enzymes. High catalyst concentrations also put a limit on the distance between catalysts, and thus the available space for higher coordination sphere engineering. As transport is important for MOF-borne catalysis, a system perspective is chosen to highlight concepts that address the issue. A detailed section on transport and light-driven reactivity sets the stage for a concise review of the currently available literature on utilizing principles from Nature and system design for the preparation of catalytic MOF-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina F Suremann
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Brian D McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wanja Gschwind
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amol Kumar
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ben A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
- Technical University Munich (TUM), Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Uferstraße 53, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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Research progress of POMs constructed by 1,3,5-benzene-tricarboxylic acid: From synthesis to application. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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12
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Wang CP, Lin YX, Cui L, Zhu J, Bu XH. 2D Metal-Organic Frameworks as Competent Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207342. [PMID: 36605002 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen, a clean and flexible energy carrier, can be efficiently produced by electrocatalytic water splitting. To accelerate the sluggish hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction kinetics in the splitting process, highly active electrocatalysts are essential for lowering the energy barriers, thereby improving the efficiency of overall water splitting. Combining the distinctive advantages of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with the physicochemical properties of 2D materials such as large surface area, tunable structure, accessible active sites, and enhanced conductivity, 2D MOFs have attracted intensive attention in the field of electrocatalysis. Different strategies, such as improving the conductivities of MOFs, reducing the thicknesses of MOF nanosheets, and integrating MOFs with conductive particles or substrates, are developed to promote the catalytic performances of pristine MOFs. This review summarizes the recent advances of pristine 2D MOF-based electrocatalysts for water electrolysis. In particular, their intrinsic electrocatalytic properties are detailly analyzed to reveal important roles of inherent MOF active centers, or other in situ generated active phases from MOFs responsible for the catalytic reactions. Finally, the challenges and development prospects of pristine 2D MOFs for the future applications in overall water splitting are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Peng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Xuan Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Lei Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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Adegoke KA, Maxakato NW. Electrocatalytic CO2 conversion on metal-organic frameworks derivative electrocatalysts. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2023.102412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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14
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Peng Y, Sanati S, Morsali A, García H. Metal-Organic Frameworks as Electrocatalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214707. [PMID: 36468543 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal complexes are well-known homogeneous electrocatalysts. In this regard, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be considered as an ensemble of transition metal complexes ordered in a periodic arrangement. In addition, MOFs have several additional positive structural features that make them suitable for electrocatalysis, including large surface area, high porosity, and high content of accessible transition metal with exchangeable coordination positions. The present review describes the current state in the use of MOFs as electrocatalysts, both as host of electroactive guests and their direct electrocatalytic activity, particularly in the case of bimetallic MOFs. The field of MOF-derived materials is purposely not covered, focusing on the direct use of MOFs or its composites as electrocatalysts. Special attention has been paid to present strategies to overcome their poor electrical conductivity and limited stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- Instituto deTecnología Química,CSIV-UPV, Av.Delos Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Soheila Sanati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115 175, Iran
| | - Ali Morsali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115 175, Iran
| | - Hermenegildo García
- Instituto deTecnología Química,CSIV-UPV, Av.Delos Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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15
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Ham R, Nielsen CJ, Pullen S, Reek JNH. Supramolecular Coordination Cages for Artificial Photosynthesis and Synthetic Photocatalysis. Chem Rev 2023; 123:5225-5261. [PMID: 36662702 PMCID: PMC10176487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Because sunlight is the most abundant energy source on earth, it has huge potential for practical applications ranging from sustainable energy supply to light driven chemistry. From a chemical perspective, excited states generated by light make thermodynamically uphill reactions possible, which forms the basis for energy storage into fuels. In addition, with light, open-shell species can be generated which open up new reaction pathways in organic synthesis. Crucial are photosensitizers, which absorb light and transfer energy to substrates by various mechanisms, processes that highly depend on the distance between the molecules involved. Supramolecular coordination cages are well studied and synthetically accessible reaction vessels with single cavities for guest binding, ensuring close proximity of different components. Due to high modularity of their size, shape, and the nature of metal centers and ligands, cages are ideal platforms to exploit preorganization in photocatalysis. Herein we focus on the application of supramolecular cages for photocatalysis in artificial photosynthesis and in organic photo(redox) catalysis. Finally, a brief overview of immobilization strategies for supramolecular cages provides tools for implementing cages into devices. This review provides inspiration for future design of photocatalytic supramolecular host-guest systems and their application in producing solar fuels and complex organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rens Ham
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XHAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Jasslie Nielsen
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XHAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Pullen
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XHAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost N H Reek
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XHAmsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Chen R, Liu S, Zhang Y. A nanoelectrode-based study of water splitting electrocatalysts. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:52-64. [PMID: 36485037 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01143c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of low-cost and efficient catalytic materials for key reactions like water splitting, CO2 reduction and N2 reduction is crucial for fulfilling the growing energy consumption demands and the pursuit of renewable and sustainable energy. Conventional electrochemical measurements at the macroscale lack the potential to characterize single catalytic entities and nanoscale surface features on the surface of a catalytic material. Recently, promising results have been obtained using nanoelectrodes as ultra-small platforms for the study of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on innovative catalytic materials at the nanoscale. In this minireview, we summarize the recent progress in the nanoelectrode-based studies on the HER and OER on various nanostructured catalytic materials. These electrocatalysts can be generally categorized into two groups: 0-dimensional (0D) single atom/molecule/cluster/nanoparticles and 2-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. Controlled growth as well as the electrochemical characterization of single isolated atoms, molecules, clusters and nanoparticles has been achieved on nanoelectrodes. Moreover, nanoelectrodes greatly enhanced the spatial resolution of scanning probe techniques, which enable studies at the surface features of 2D nanomaterials, including surface defects, edges and nanofacets at the boundary of a phase. Nanoelectrode-based studies on the catalytic materials can provide new insights into the reaction mechanisms and catalytic properties, which will facilitate the pursuit of sustainable energy and help to solve CO2 release issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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17
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Hashemi L, Masoomi MY, Garcia H. Regeneration and reconstruction of metal-organic frameworks: Opportunities for industrial usage. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Bagheri M, Masoomi MY. Quasi-metal organic frameworks: Preparation, applications and future perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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19
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Bajpai A, Speed D, Szulczewski GJ. Vapor-Phase Adsorption of Xylene Isomers and Ethylbenzene in MOF-74 Thin Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9518-9525. [PMID: 35895831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thin films of Co-MOF-74 and Ni-MOF-74 were synthesized on Au-coated quartz crystal microbalance substrates by a vapor-assisted conversion (VAC) method that precludes the need for activation via postsynthetic solvent exchange. All thin films were structurally characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images reveal that the Ni-MOF-74 films exists as a dense base layer with hemispherical protrusions on the surface. In contrast, the scanning electron microscopy images of the Co-MOF-74 thin films show a rough surface with spherical deposits. The thin film morphologies were different than the powders resulting from the bulk synthesis. Gravimetric vapor-phase adsorption measurements for xylene isomers and ethylbenzene within Co-MOF-74 and Ni-MOF-74 thin films were conducted, and the results were compared with those reported for the corresponding bulk powders. Despite different morphologies, the saturation capacities of Ni-MOF-74 and Co-MOF-74 thin films were found to be nearly equivalent to those reported for the bulk powders. The results demonstrate that the VAC method can produce MOF-74 thin films that retain the intrinsic properties that are observed in bulk powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alankriti Bajpai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Daniel Speed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Gregory J Szulczewski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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20
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Solé-Daura A, Benseghir Y, Ha-Thi MH, Fontecave M, Mialane P, Dolbecq A, Mellot-Draznieks C. Origin of the Boosting Effect of Polyoxometalates in Photocatalysis: The Case of CO 2 Reduction by a Rh-Containing Metal–Organic Framework. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Solé-Daura
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR CNRS 8229, Collège de France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris 75231 Cedex 05, France
| | - Youven Benseghir
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR CNRS 8229, Collège de France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris 75231 Cedex 05, France
- CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Versailles 78000, France
| | - Minh-Huong Ha-Thi
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Marc Fontecave
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR CNRS 8229, Collège de France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris 75231 Cedex 05, France
| | - Pierre Mialane
- CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Versailles 78000, France
| | - Anne Dolbecq
- CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Versailles 78000, France
| | - Caroline Mellot-Draznieks
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR CNRS 8229, Collège de France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris 75231 Cedex 05, France
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21
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Xu YT, Xie MY, Zhong H, Cao Y. In Situ Clustering of Single-Atom Copper Precatalysts in a Metal-Organic Framework for Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrate-to-Ammonia Reduction. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Tong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Huiqiong Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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22
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Xu Z, Zuo W, Mou Q, Cheng G, Zheng H, Zhao P. A yolk-shell structure construction for metal-organic frameworks toward an enhanced electrochemical water splitting catalysis. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10298-10306. [PMID: 35749061 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01111e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NiFe-based transition metal catalysts are widely used in electrocatalysis, especially in the field of water splitting, due to their excellent electrochemical performance. Herein, a simple method was designed to synthesize a Ni MOF based on nickel foam and it was modified with Fe. After the introduction of Fe, the resulting material exhibits an obvious yolk-shell structure, which greatly increases the specific surface area and facilitates the construction of active sites. At the same time, the synergy between Ni and Fe is conducive to optimizing the electronic structure and effectively improving the poor stability of the MOF. As a result, the synthesized Ni MOF-Fe-2 only needs an overpotential of 229 mV to achieve the OER at a current density of 10 mA cm-2, which is better than most reported transition metal-based electrocatalysts. To our surprise, it showed extraordinary stability under the voltage used for water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zuo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxiang Mou
- Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Gongzhen Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Huaming Zheng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073 Hubei, P.R. China.
| | - Pingping Zhao
- Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China.
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23
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Howe A, Liseev T, Gil-Sepulcre M, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Benet-Buchholz J, Llobet A, Ott S. Electrocatalytic water oxidation from a mixed linker MOF based on NU-1000 with an integrated ruthenium-based metallo-linker. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 3:4227-4234. [PMID: 35693428 PMCID: PMC9125567 DOI: 10.1039/d2ma00128d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel tetratopic metallo-linker, [Ru(tda)(py(PhCOOH)2)2], 1, (tda = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine-6,6''-dicarboxylate; py(PhCOOH)2 = (4,4'-(pyridine-3,5-diyl)dibenzoic acid), that is structurally based on one of the most active molecular water oxidation catalysts has been prepared and fully characterized, including single crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 bears geometric similarities to H4TBAPy (H4TBAPy = 4,4',4'',4'''-(pyrene-1,3,6,8-tetrayl)tetrabenzoic acid), i.e. the native linker in NU-1000, which offers the possibility to synthesize NU-1000-Ru mixed linker MOFs solvothermally. Mixed linker MOF formation was demonstrated by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Ru linker incorporation confirmed by FT-IR, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). It was found that the Ru contents in the final mixed linker MOFs correlate with the amount of Ru linker present during solvothermal synthesis, albeit not in a linear fashion. The cyclic voltammograms (CV) of the mixed linker MOFs are largely dominated by TBAPy-based oxidations with features attributed to 1. Interestingly, Ru linkers near the crystal surface are oxidized directly by interfacial hole transfer form the electrode, while those in the crystal interior can be oxidized indirectly from oxidized TBAPy linkers at more anodic potential. Upon repeated scanning, the CVs show the appearance of new waves that arise from irreversible TBAPy oxidation, as well as from the activation of the Ru-based water oxidation catalyst. Of the materials prepared, the one with the highest Ru content, NU-1000-Ruhigh, was shown to catalyze the electrochemical oxidation of water to dioxygen. The Faradaic efficiency (FE) of the construct is 37%, due to water oxidation being accompanied by oxidative transformations of the TBAPy linkers. Despite the low FE, NU-1000-Ruhigh is still among the best MOF-based water oxidation catalysts, operating by a unique co-linker mediated hole-transport mechanism to supply oxidizing equivalents also to catalysts in the crystal interior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Howe
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523 75120 Uppsala Sweden
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007, Tarragona Spain
| | - Timofey Liseev
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Marcos Gil-Sepulcre
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007, Tarragona Spain
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007, Tarragona Spain
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007, Tarragona Spain
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007, Tarragona Spain
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523 75120 Uppsala Sweden
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24
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Construction of superhydrophilic metal-organic frameworks with hierarchical microstructure for efficient overall water splitting. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 623:405-416. [PMID: 35594597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) display promising potential due to their exquisite structural advantages. Carboxylate-based MOFs, such as MIL-53 structures, attract a lot of attention among MOF families because of their remarkable stability in water and even alkaline condition. Hence, the delicate hierarchical microstructure is constructed by introducing MoO42- into NH2-MIL-53(NiFe) using a straightforward solvothermal strategy. The NiFeMo-MOF/NF electrode manifests a superior OER performance, producing an overpotential of 239 mV at 50 mA cm-2 and a decent Tafel slope of 87.0 mV dec-1. Furthermore, in a typical electrodeposition equipment, NiFeMo-MOF/NF is applied as the working electrode and the composite electrode named as (M) Ni-NiOOH/NF is generated by electrodeposition and electrooxidation process to assess HER performance, producing an overpotential of 119 mV at 50 mA cm-2 and a decent Tafel slope of 58.3 mV dec-1. The integrated electrolysis device delivers an extraordinarily low cell voltage of 1.50 V at 10 mA cm-2 while applying NiFeMo-MOF/NF as the anode, (M)Ni-NiOOH/NF as the cathode for overall water splitting, exceeding the noble RuO2/NF||Pt-C/NF (1.60 V@10 mA cm-2). This study provides a promising design strategy for future electrolysis catalysts.
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Castner AT, Su H, Svensson Grape E, Inge AK, Johnson BA, Ahlquist MSG, Ott S. Microscopic Insights into Cation-Coupled Electron Hopping Transport in a Metal-Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5910-5920. [PMID: 35325542 PMCID: PMC8990995 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electron transport through metal-organic frameworks by a hopping mechanism between discrete redox active sites is coupled to diffusion-migration of charge-balancing counter cations. Experimentally determined apparent diffusion coefficients, Deapp, that characterize this form of charge transport thus contain contributions from both processes. While this is well established for MOFs, microscopic descriptions of this process are largely lacking. Herein, we systematically lay out different scenarios for cation-coupled electron transfer processes that are at the heart of charge diffusion through MOFs. Through systematic variations of solvents and electrolyte cations, it is shown that the Deapp for charge migration through a PIZOF-type MOF, Zr(dcphOH-NDI) that is composed of redox-active naphthalenediimide (NDI) linkers, spans over 2 orders of magnitude. More importantly, however, the microscopic mechanisms for cation-coupled electron propagation are contingent on differing factors depending on the size of the cation and its propensity to engage in ion pairs with reduced linkers, either non-specifically or in defined structural arrangements. Based on computations and in agreement with experimental results, we show that ion pairing generally has an adverse effect on cation transport, thereby slowing down charge transport. In Zr(dcphOH-NDI), however, specific cation-linker interactions can open pathways for concerted cation-coupled electron transfer processes that can outcompete limitations from reduced cation flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh T Castner
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Svensson Grape
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Ken Inge
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ben A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mårten S G Ahlquist
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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26
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Liu SS, Liu QQ, Huang SZ, Zhang C, Dong XY, Zang SQ. Sulfonic and phosphonic porous solids as proton conductors. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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27
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Wang X, Fei Y, Chen J, Pan Y, Yuan W, Zhang LY, Guo CX, Li CM. Directionally In Situ Self-Assembled, High-Density, Macropore-Oriented, CoP-Impregnated, 3D Hierarchical Porous Carbon Sheet Nanostructure for Superior Electrocatalysis in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2103866. [PMID: 34870367 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
3D ZIF-67-particles-impregnated cellulose-nanofiber nanosheets with oriented macropores are synthesized via directional-freezing-assisted in situ self-assembly, and converted to 3D CoP-nanoparticle (NP)-embedded hierarchical, but macropores-oriented, N-doped carbon nanosheets via calcination and phosphidation. The obtained nanoarchitecture delivers overpotentials at 10 and 50 mA cm-2 and Tafel slope of 82.1 and 113.4 mV and 40.8 mV dec-1 in 0.5 M H2 SO4 , and of 97.1 and 136.6 mV and 51.2 mV dec-1 in 1 M KOH, all of which are superior to those of the most reported non-noble-metal-based hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts. This catalyst even surpasses commercial Pt/C for a much lower overpotential at high current densities, which is essential for large-scale hydrogen production. Its catalytic activity can be further optimized to become one of the best in both 0.5 M H2 SO4 and 1 M KOH. The outstanding catalytic activity is ascribed to the uniformly-dispersed small CoP NPs in the 3D carbon sheets and the hierarchical nanostructure with rich oriented pores. This work develops a facile, economical, and universal self-assembly strategy to fabricate uniquely nanostructured hybrids to simultaneously promote charge transfer and mass transport, and also offers an inexpensive and high-performance HER catalyst toward industry-scale water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yang Fei
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yixiang Pan
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Weiyong Yuan
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lian Ying Zhang
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chun Xian Guo
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Chang Ming Li
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
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28
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Xu L, Zhao X, Yu K, Wang C, Lv J, Wang C, Zhou B. Simple preparation of Ag-BTC-modified Co 3Mo 7O 24 mesoporous material for capacitance and H 2O 2-sensing performances. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00639a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
{Co3Mo7O24}@Ag-BTC-2 was synthesized by a grinding method, and it showed excellent performance in a supercapacitor and H2O2 sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Xu
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, P.R. China
| | - Kai Yu
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Synthesis of Functional Materials and Green Catalysis, Colleges of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, P.R. China
| | - Jinghua Lv
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, P.R. China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, P.R. China
| | - Baibin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Synthesis of Functional Materials and Green Catalysis, Colleges of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, P.R. China
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29
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Duan Z, Jiang J, Zhao H, Hu Q, Wan J, Zhou J, Wang W, Zhang L. Different nanostructured CoP microcubes derived from metal formate frameworks with enhanced oxygen evolution reaction performance. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00874b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Different nanostructured CoP microcubes derived from metal formate frameworks with enhanced oxygen evolution reaction performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Duan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Jiahui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Hang Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Qidi Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Jian Wan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Jingbo Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, Xinjiang, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, Xinjiang, PR China
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30
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Li R, Zhang H, Hong M, Shi J, Liu X, Feng X. Two Co(II)/Ni(II) complexes based on nitrogenous heterocyclic ligand as high-performance electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3970-3976. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03814a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two transition metal complexes {[Co2(bpda)4(H2O)2]⋅4H2O}n(Co-1) and {[Ni(bpda)2(H2O)2]⋅2H2O}(Ni-2) (H2bpda = 2,2 '- bipyridine -4,4' - dicarboxylic acid) have been synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized. These two compounds can be explored...
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31
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Mukherjee S, Hou S, Watzele SA, Garlyyev B, Li W, Bandarenka AS, Fischer RA. Avoiding Pyrolysis and Calcination: Advances in the Benign Routes Leading to MOF‐derived Electrocatalysts. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mukherjee
- Technical University Munich: Technische Universitat Munchen Department of Chemistry Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Munich GERMANY
| | - Shujin Hou
- Technical University Munich: Technische Universitat Munchen Chemistry Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Munich GERMANY
| | - Sebastian A. Watzele
- Technical University Munich: Technische Universitat Munchen Physik James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Munich GERMANY
| | - Batyr Garlyyev
- Technical University Munich: Technische Universitat Munchen Chemistry Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Munich GERMANY
| | - Weijin Li
- Technical University Munich: Technische Universitat Munchen Chemistry Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Munich GERMANY
| | - Aliaksandr S. Bandarenka
- Technical University Munich: Technische Universitat Munchen Physics Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Munich GERMANY
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Technische Universität München Lehrst. für Anorgan. u. Metallorgan. Chemie Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching GERMANY
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32
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Catalytic systems mimicking the [FeFe]-hydrogenase active site for visible-light-driven hydrogen production. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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33
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McCarthy BD, Liseev T, Sortica MA, Paneta V, Gschwind W, Nagy G, Ott S, Primetzhofer D. Elemental Depth Profiling of Intact Metal-Organic Framework Single Crystals by Scanning Nuclear Microprobe. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18626-18634. [PMID: 34726402 PMCID: PMC8587607 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The growing field
of MOF–catalyst composites often relies
on postsynthetic modifications for the installation of active sites.
In the resulting MOFs, the spatial distribution of the inserted catalysts
has far-reaching ramifications for the performance of the system and
thus needs to be precisely determined. Herein, we report the application
of a scanning nuclear microprobe for accurate and nondestructive depth
profiling of individual UiO-66 and UiO-67 (UiO = Universitetet i Oslo)
single crystals. Initial optimization work using native UiO-66 crystals
yielded a microbeam method which avoided beam damage, while subsequent
analysis of Zr/Hf mixed-metal UiO-66 crystals demonstrated the potential
of the method to obtain high-resolution depth profiles. The microbeam
method was further used to analyze the depth distribution of postsynthetically
introduced organic moieties, revealing either core–shell or
uniform incorporation can be obtained depending on the size of the
introduced molecule, as well as the number of carboxylate binding
groups. Finally, the spatial distribution of platinum centers that
were postsynthetically installed in the bpy binding pockets of UiO-67-bpy
(bpy = 5,5′-dicarboxyy-2,2′-bipyridine) was analyzed
by microbeam and contextualized. We expect that the method presented
herein will be applicable for characterizing a wide variety of MOFs
subjected to postsynthetic modifications and provide information crucial
for their optimization as functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Timofey Liseev
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Valentina Paneta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wanja Gschwind
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gyula Nagy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Primetzhofer
- Tandem Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 529, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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34
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Sharp CH, Bukowski BC, Li H, Johnson EM, Ilic S, Morris AJ, Gersappe D, Snurr RQ, Morris JR. Nanoconfinement and mass transport in metal-organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11530-11558. [PMID: 34661217 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00558h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquity of metal-organic frameworks in recent scientific literature underscores their highly versatile nature. MOFs have been developed for use in a wide array of applications, including: sensors, catalysis, separations, drug delivery, and electrochemical processes. Often overlooked in the discussion of MOF-based materials is the mass transport of guest molecules within the pores and channels. Given the wide distribution of pore sizes, linker functionalization, and crystal sizes, molecular diffusion within MOFs can be highly dependent on the MOF-guest system. In this review, we discuss the major factors that govern the mass transport of molecules through MOFs at both the intracrystalline and intercrystalline scale; provide an overview of the experimental and computational methods used to measure guest diffusivity within MOFs; and highlight the relevance of mass transfer in the applications of MOFs in electrochemical systems, separations, and heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor H Sharp
- National Research Council Associateship Program and Electronic Science and Technology Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Brandon C Bukowski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Eric M Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
| | - Stefan Ilic
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
| | - Amanda J Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
| | - Dilip Gersappe
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Randall Q Snurr
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - John R Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
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35
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Dashtian K, Shahbazi S, Tayebi M, Masoumi Z. A review on metal-organic frameworks photoelectrochemistry: A headlight for future applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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36
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Solomon MB, Hua C, Chan B, Church TL, Cohen SM, Kubiak CP, Jolliffe KA, D'Alessandro DM. The electrochemical reduction of a flexible Mn(II) salen-based metal-organic framework. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12821-12825. [PMID: 34498023 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02589a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new metal-organic framework (MOF) containing a Mn(II) salen complex (BET surface area = 967 ± 6 m2 g-1) undergoes a reversible crystalline-to-amorphous transformation. Experimental studies and computational calculations show that the MOF is stable to a one-electron reduction at more anodic potentials than the corresponding discrete complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello B Solomon
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Carol Hua
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, 3010, Australia
| | - Bun Chan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Tamara L Church
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholms Universitet, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Seth M Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Clifford P Kubiak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Katrina A Jolliffe
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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37
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Wang X, Fei Y, Zhao W, Sun Y, Dong F. Tailoring unique neural-network-type carbon nanofibers inserted in CoP/NC polyhedra for robust hydrogen evolution reaction. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:14705-14712. [PMID: 34533166 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03046a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional catalysts have attracted great attention in the field of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).However, great challenges remain in structural innovation and performance enhancement. Herein we designed and tailored a unique three-dimensional cross-linked neural network-like CoP-based composite, that is, carbon nanofibers inserted in CoP/NC polyhedra derived from in situ self-assembled bacterial cellulose (BC) wired ZIF-67 polyhedra via high-temperature carbonization and subsequent phosphorization. The obtained integrated catalyst (3-D CNF@CoP/NC) consists of CoP/NC polyhedra with abundant active sites as the "neurons" and carbon nanofibers as the "axons", and displayed remarkable activity with an overpotential of 64.5 mV and 105.6 mV at 10 mA cm-2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1 M KOH respectively and good stability with negligible current change after 80 h of chronoamperometric measurement or 4000 CV cycles. This work offers a high-performance HER catalyst and paves a new way for the rational engineering of unique 3-D interconnected hierarchical porous networks featuring ultrafast charge transfer and mass transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China
| | - Yang Fei
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wenxi Zhao
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Yanjuan Sun
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China
| | - Fan Dong
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China
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38
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Wang CP, Feng Y, Sun H, Wang Y, Yin J, Yao Z, Bu XH, Zhu J. Self-Optimized Metal–Organic Framework Electrocatalysts with Structural Stability and High Current Tolerance for Water Oxidation. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Peng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yang Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Hao Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yurou Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhenpeng Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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39
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Habibi B, Pashazadeh S, Saghatforoush LA, Pashazadeh A. Direct electrochemical synthesis of the copper based metal-organic framework on/in the heteroatoms doped graphene/pencil graphite electrode: Highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for sertraline hydrochloride. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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40
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Bagheri AR, Aramesh N, Bilal M. New frontiers and prospects of metal-organic frameworks for removal, determination, and sensing of pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110654. [PMID: 33359702 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides have been widely used in agriculture to control, reduce, and kill insects. Humans are also being using pesticides to control insidious animals in daily life. By these practices, a huge volume of pesticides is introduced to the environment. Despite broad-spectrum applicability, pesticides also have hazardous effects on both humans and animals at high and low concentrations. Long-term exposure to pesticides can cause different diseases, like leukemia, lymphoma, and cancers of the brain, breasts, prostate, testis, and ovaries. Reproductive disorders from pesticides include birth defects, stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, sterility, and infertility. Therefore, the application of determination and treatment methods for pre-concentration and removal of these toxic materials from the environment appears a vital concern. To date, different materials and approaches have been employed for these purposes. Among these approaches, multifunctional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-assisted adsorption and determination processes have always been in the spotlight. These facts are due to exclusive properties of MOFs in terms of the crystallinity, large surface area, high chemical, and physical stability, and controllable structure as well as unique features of adsorption and determination process in terms of simple, easy, cheap, available method and ability to use in large and industrial scales. In the present work, we illustrate the exceptional features of MOFs as well as the possible mechanism for the adsorption of pesticides by MOFs. The use of these fantastic materials for pre-concentration and removal of pesticides are extensively explored. In addition, the performance of MOFs was compared with other adsorbents. Finally, the new frontiers and prospects of MOFs for the determination, sensing, and removal of pesticides are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nahal Aramesh
- Chemistry Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj, 75918-74831, Iran
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
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41
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Yang AN, Lin JT, Li CT. Electroactive and Sustainable Cu-MOF/PEDOT Composite Electrocatalysts for Multiple Redox Mediators and for High-Performance Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:8435-8444. [PMID: 33570924 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An electrically conductive Cu-MOF, {[Cu2(6-mercaptonicotinic acid)(6-mercaptonicotinate)]·NH4}n, was successfully electrodeposited on the conductive substrates via using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as the binder. Multiple functionalities of the Cu-MOF microparticle within the Cu-MOF/PEDOT composite electrode were systematically vindicated as (1) releasing the cohesive strength among the PEDOT matrix, thus enhancing the film adhesion to substrate, (2) providing excellent intrinsic heterogeneous rate constant via lowering the reaction active energy, (3) supplying numerous active sites at the center or edges on its (-Cu-S-)n honeycomb-like planes, (4) facilitating the electron transfer through its two-dimensional (-Cu-S-)n plains, and (5) benefiting the penetration of the redox mediators through its porous frameworks. In multiple redox mediators (i.e., I-/I3-, cobalt(II/III)-complex, and copper(I/II)-complex), the composite Cu-MOF/PEDOT electrode exhibited superior electrocatalyst activity and kept almost 100% of its initial redox peak currents after continuous cyclic voltammetric scanning for 300 cycles. As a high-performance electrocatalyst for the counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), the composite Cu-MOF/PEDOT electrode rendered its cell a decent solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency of up to 9.45% at 1 sun and 22.80% at room light illumination. Compared to the traditional platinum electrode (7.67%), the low-cost Cu-MOF/PEDOT composite electrode has great possibility to be used for various electrochemical devices and the Internet-of-things applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Nin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Jiann T Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
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42
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In-situ synthesis of ultrasmall Au nanoparticles on bimetallic metal-organic framework with enhanced electrochemical activity for estrone sensing. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1152:338242. [PMID: 33648651 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, ultrasmall Au nanoparticles decorated bimetallic metal-organic framework (US Au NPs@AuZn-MOF) hybrids were facilely prepared by a sequential ion exchange and in-situ chemical reduction strategy. Numerous of Au nanoparticles with size less than 5 nm was homogeneously dispersed on the surface of the whole bimetallic AuZn-MOF polyhedrons. The integration of ultrasmall Au nanoparticles greatly enhanced the electron transfer capacity and electrochemical active surface area of the metal-organic framework host. Compared with the pristine Zn-MOF, bimetallic AuZn-MOF, the as-synthesized US Au NPs@AuZn-MOF hybrids exhibited remarkably promoted electrochemical activity toward the oxidation and sensing of endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) estrone. As a result, a highly sensitive electrochemical sensing platform was developed for the detection of estrone in the range of 0.05 μM-5 μM with limit of detection of 12.3 nM (S/N = 3) and sensitivity of 101.3 μA-1 μM-1 cm-2. Considering the structural diversity of MOFs and superior property of ultrasmall Au nanoparticles, the strategy proposed here may open a new avenue for the design and synthesis of other high-activity nanomaterials for electrochemical sensing or other challenging fields.
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43
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How to Improve the Performance of Electrochemical Sensors via Minimization of Electrode Passivation. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It follows from critical evaluation of possibilities and limitations of modern voltammetric/amperometric methods that one of the biggest obstacles in their practical applications in real sample analysis is connected with electrode passivation/fouling by electrode reaction products and/or matrix components. This review summarizes possibilities how to minimise these problems in the field of detection of small organic molecules and critically compares their potential and acceptability in practical laboratories. Attention is focused on simple and fast electrode surface renewal, the use of disposable electrodes just for one and/or few measurements, surface modification minimising electrode fouling, measuring in flowing systems, application of rotating disc electrode, the use of novel separation methods preventing access of passivating particles to electrode surface and the novel electrode materials more resistant toward passivation. An attempt is made to predict further development in this field and to stress the need for more systematic and less random research resulting in new measuring protocols less amenable to complications connected with electrode passivation.
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44
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Evtugyn G, Belyakova S, Porfireva A, Hianik T. Electrochemical Aptasensors Based on Hybrid Metal-Organic Frameworks. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20236963. [PMID: 33291498 PMCID: PMC7729924 DOI: 10.3390/s20236963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer a unique variety of properties and morphology of the structure that make it possible to extend the performance of existing and design new electrochemical biosensors. High porosity, variable size and morphology, compatibility with common components of electrochemical sensors, and easy combination with bioreceptors make MOFs very attractive for application in the assembly of electrochemical aptasensors. In this review, the progress in the synthesis and application of the MOFs in electrochemical aptasensors are considered with an emphasis on the role of the MOF materials in aptamer immobilization and signal generation. The literature information of the use of MOFs in electrochemical aptasensors is classified in accordance with the nature and role of MOFs and a signal mode. In conclusion, future trends in the application of MOFs in electrochemical aptasensors are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady Evtugyn
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (S.B.); (A.P.)
- Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemical Technology Institute of Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (G.E.); (T.H.); Tel.: +7-843-2337491 (G.E.); +421-2-6029-5683 (T.H.)
| | - Svetlana Belyakova
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (S.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Porfireva
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (S.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Tibor Hianik
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (G.E.); (T.H.); Tel.: +7-843-2337491 (G.E.); +421-2-6029-5683 (T.H.)
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45
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Beiler AM, McCarthy BD, Johnson BA, Ott S. Enhancing photovoltages at p-type semiconductors through a redox-active metal-organic framework surface coating. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5819. [PMID: 33199706 PMCID: PMC7669860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface modification of semiconductors can improve photoelectrochemical performance by promoting efficient interfacial charge transfer. We show that metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are viable surface coatings for enhancing cathodic photovoltages. Under 1-sun illumination, no photovoltage is observed for p-type Si(111) functionalized with a naphthalene diimide derivative until the monolayer is expanded in three dimensions in a MOF. The surface-grown MOF thin film at Si promotes reduction of the molecular linkers at formal potentials >300 mV positive of their thermodynamic potentials. The photocurrent is governed by charge diffusion through the film, and the MOF film is sufficiently conductive to power reductive transformations. When grown on GaP(100), the reductions of the MOF linkers are shifted anodically by >700 mV compared to those of the same MOF on conductive substrates. This photovoltage, among the highest reported for GaP in photoelectrochemical applications, illustrates the power of MOF films to enhance photocathodic operation. Photoelectrochemical performance is often hindered by sluggish charge transfer at the semiconductor interface. Here, the authors illustrate that a thin film coating made of a conductive metal-organic framework can improve the photovoltage of the underpinning semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Beiler
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Brian D McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ben A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Banerjee S, Anayah RI, Gerke CS, Thoi VS. From Molecules to Porous Materials: Integrating Discrete Electrocatalytic Active Sites into Extended Frameworks. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1671-1684. [PMID: 33145407 PMCID: PMC7596858 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic and covalent-organic frameworks can serve as a bridge between the realms of homo- and heterogeneous catalytic systems. While there are numerous molecular complexes developed for electrocatalysis, homogeneous catalysts are hindered by slow catalyst diffusion, catalyst deactivation, and poor product yield. Heterogeneous catalysts can compensate for these shortcomings, yet they lack the synthetic and chemical tunability to promote rational design. To narrow this knowledge gap, there is a burgeoning field of framework-related research that incorporates molecular catalysts within porous architectures, resulting in an exceptional catalytic performance as compared to their molecular analogues. Framework materials provide structural stability to these catalysts, alter their electronic environments, and are easily tunable for increased catalytic activity. This Outlook compares molecular catalysts and corresponding framework materials to evaluate the effects of such integration on electrocatalytic performance. We describe several different classes of molecular motifs that have been included in framework materials and explore how framework design strategies improve on the catalytic behavior of their homogeneous counterparts. Finally, we will provide an outlook on new directions to drive fundamental research at the intersection of reticular-and electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyodip Banerjee
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Rasha I. Anayah
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Carter S. Gerke
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - V. Sara Thoi
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- E-mail:
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Liseev T, Howe A, Hoque MA, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Llobet A, Ott S. Synthetic strategies to incorporate Ru-terpyridyl water oxidation catalysts into MOFs: direct synthesis vs. post-synthetic approach. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13753-13759. [PMID: 32996947 PMCID: PMC7116355 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01890b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating molecular catalysts into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is a promising strategy for improving their catalytic longevity and recyclability. In this article, we investigate and compare synthetic routes for the incorporation of the potent water oxidation catalyst Ru(tda)(pyCO2H)2 (tda = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine-6,6''-dicarboxylic acid, pyCO2H = iso-nicotinic acid) as a structural linker into a Zr-based UiO-type MOF. The task is challenging with this particular metallo-linker because of the equatorial dangling carboxylates that can potentially compete for Zr-coordination, as well as free rotation of the pyCO2H groups around the HO2CpyRupyCO2H axis. As a consequence, all attempts to synthesize a MOF with the metallo-linker directly under solvothermal conditions led to amorphous materials with the Ru(tda)(pyCO2H)2 linker coordinating to the Zr nodes in ill-defined ways, resulting in multiple waves in the cyclic voltammograms of the solvothermally obtained materials. On the other hand, an indirect post-synthetic approach in which the Ru(tda)(pyCO2H)2 linker is introduced into a preformed edba-MOF (edba = ethyne dibenzoic acid) of UiO topology results in the formation of the desired material. Interestingly, two distinctly different morphologies of the parent edba-MOF have been discovered, and the impact that the morphological difference has on linker incorporation is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timofey Liseev
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Andrew Howe
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden. and Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Md Asmaul Hoque
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Johnson BA, Ott S. Diagnosing surface versus bulk reactivity for molecular catalysis within metal-organic frameworks using a quantitative kinetic model. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7468-7478. [PMID: 33209240 PMCID: PMC7116375 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02601h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are becoming increasingly popular as heterogenous support matrices for molecular catalysts. Given that reactants, or potentially holes/electrons, need to diffuse into the porous framework as the reaction proceeds, the reaction can possibly take place within the bulk of the particle or be confined to a thin layer at the surface due to transport limitations. Herein, a simple steady-state reaction-diffusion kinetic model is developed to diagnose these two mutually exclusive behaviors in MOF-based systems. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) driven by a chemical oxidant is presented as an example mechanism. Quantitative metrics for assigning either bulk or surface reactivity are delineated over a wide variety of conditions, and numerical simulations are employed to verify these results. For each case, expressions for the turnover frequency (TOF) are outlined, and it is shown that surface reactivity can influence measured TOFs. Importantly, this report shows how to transition from surface to bulk reactivity and thus identifies which experimental parameters to target for optimizing the efficiency of MOF-based molecular catalyst systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry
, Ångström Laboratory
, Uppsala University
,
Box 523
, 751 20 Uppsala
, Sweden
.
;
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry
, Ångström Laboratory
, Uppsala University
,
Box 523
, 751 20 Uppsala
, Sweden
.
;
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Johnson BA, Beiler AM, McCarthy BD, Ott S. Transport Phenomena: Challenges and Opportunities for Molecular Catalysis in Metal-Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11941-11956. [PMID: 32516534 PMCID: PMC7366383 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are appealing heterogeneous support matrices that can stabilize molecular catalysts for the electrochemical conversion of small molecules. However, moving from a homogeneous environment to a porous film necessitates the transport of both charge and substrate to the catalytic sites in an efficient manner. This presents a significant challenge in the application of such materials at scale, since these two transport phenomena (charge and mass transport) would need to operate faster than the intrinsic catalytic rate in order for the system to function efficiently. Thus, understanding the fundamental kinetics of MOF-based molecular catalysis of electrochemical reactions is of crucial importance. In this Perspective, we quantitatively dissect the interplay between the two transport phenomena and the catalytic reaction rate by applying models from closely related fields to MOF-based catalysis. The identification of the limiting process provides opportunities for optimization that are uniquely suited to MOFs due to their tunable molecular structure. This will help guide the rational design of efficient and high-performing catalytic MOF films with incorporated molecular catalyst for electrochemical energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry −
Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala
University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna M. Beiler
- Department of Chemistry −
Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala
University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Brian D. McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry −
Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala
University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry −
Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala
University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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50
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Xiao YH, Gu ZG, Zhang J. Surface-coordinated metal-organic framework thin films (SURMOFs) for electrocatalytic applications. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12712-12730. [PMID: 32584342 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03115a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The design and development of highly efficient electrocatalysts are very important in energy storage and conversion. As a kind of inorganic organic hybrid material, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been used as electrocatalysts in electrocatalytic reactions due to their structural diversities and fascinating functionalities. Particularly, MOF thin films are coordinated on substrate surfaces by a liquid phase epitaxial (LPE) layer by layer (LBL) growth method (called surface-coordinated MOF thin films, SURMOFs), and recently have been studied in various applications due to their precisely controlled thickness, preferred growth orientation and homogeneous surface. In this review, we will summarize the preparation and electrocatalysis of SURMOFs and their derived thin films (SURMOF-D). The SURMOF based thin films possess diverse topological structures and flexible properties, providing abundant catalytically active sites and fast charge transfer for efficient electrocatalytic performance in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CRR), supercapacitors, tandem electrocatalysis and so on. The research challenges and problems of SURMOFs for electrocatalytic applications are also discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China.
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