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Isono E, Li J, Pulido P, Siao W, Spoel SH, Wang Z, Zhuang X, Trujillo M. Protein degrons and degradation: Exploring substrate recognition and pathway selection in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:3074-3098. [PMID: 38701343 PMCID: PMC11371205 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Proteome composition is dynamic and influenced by many internal and external cues, including developmental signals, light availability, or environmental stresses. Protein degradation, in synergy with protein biosynthesis, allows cells to respond to various stimuli and adapt by reshaping the proteome. Protein degradation mediates the final and irreversible disassembly of proteins, which is important for protein quality control and to eliminate misfolded or damaged proteins, as well as entire organelles. Consequently, it contributes to cell resilience by buffering against protein or organellar damage caused by stresses. Moreover, protein degradation plays important roles in cell signaling, as well as transcriptional and translational events. The intricate task of recognizing specific proteins for degradation is achieved by specialized systems that are tailored to the substrate's physicochemical properties and subcellular localization. These systems recognize diverse substrate cues collectively referred to as "degrons," which can assume a range of configurations. They are molecular surfaces recognized by E3 ligases of the ubiquitin-proteasome system but can also be considered as general features recognized by other degradation systems, including autophagy or even organellar proteases. Here we provide an overview of the newest developments in the field, delving into the intricate processes of protein recognition and elucidating the pathways through which they are recruited for degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Isono
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jianming Li
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Pablo Pulido
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Wei Siao
- Department of Biology, Aachen RWTH University, Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Steven H Spoel
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Zhishuo Wang
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marco Trujillo
- Department of Biology, Aachen RWTH University, Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Guan L, Ge R, Ma S. Newsights of endoplasmic reticulum in hypoxia. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116812. [PMID: 38781866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is important to cells because of its essential functions, including synthesizing three major nutrients and ion transport. When cellular homeostasis is disrupted, ER quality control (ERQC) system is activated effectively to remove misfolded and unfolded proteins through ER-phagy, ER-related degradation (ERAD), and molecular chaperones. When unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER stress are activated, the cell may be suffering a huge blow, and the most probable consequence is apoptosis. The membrane contact points between the ER and sub-organelles contribute to communication between the organelles. The decrease in oxygen concentration affects the morphology and structure of the ER, thereby affecting its function and further disrupting the stable state of cells, leading to the occurrence of disease. In this study, we describe the functions of ER-, ERQC-, and ER-related membrane contact points and their changes under hypoxia, which will help us further understand ER and treat ER-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Guan
- Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Rili Ge
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Fundamentals of High Altitude Medicine, (Qinghai-Utah Joint Key Laboratory of Plateau Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Fundamentals of High Altitude Medicine, (Qinghai-Utah Joint Key Laboratory of Plateau Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.
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Cao H, Zhou X, Xu B, Hu H, Guo J, Ma Y, Wang M, Li N, Jun Z. Advances in the study of protein folding and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation in mammal cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024; 25:212-232. [PMID: 38453636 PMCID: PMC10918413 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is a key site for protein production and quality control. More than one-third of proteins are synthesized and folded into the correct three-dimensional conformation in the endoplasmic reticulum. However, during protein folding, unfolded and/or misfolded proteins are prone to occur, which may lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Organisms can monitor the quality of the proteins produced by endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC) and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), which maintain endoplasmic reticulum protein homeostasis by degrading abnormally folded proteins. The underlying mechanisms of protein folding and ERAD in mammals have not yet been fully explored. Therefore, this paper reviews the process and function of protein folding and ERAD in mammalian cells, in order to help clinicians better understand the mechanism of ERAD and to provide a scientific reference for the treatment of diseases caused by abnormal ERAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cao
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuchang Zhou
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bowen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Han Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuwei Ma
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Nan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zou Jun
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Jo C, Zhang J, Tam JM, Church GM, Khalil AS, Segrè D, Tang TC. Unlocking the magic in mycelium: Using synthetic biology to optimize filamentous fungi for biomanufacturing and sustainability. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100560. [PMID: 36756210 PMCID: PMC9900623 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi drive carbon and nutrient cycling across our global ecosystems, through its interactions with growing and decaying flora and their constituent microbiomes. The remarkable metabolic diversity, secretion ability, and fiber-like mycelial structure that have evolved in filamentous fungi have been increasingly exploited in commercial operations. The industrial potential of mycelial fermentation ranges from the discovery and bioproduction of enzymes and bioactive compounds, the decarbonization of food and material production, to environmental remediation and enhanced agricultural production. Despite its fundamental impact in ecology and biotechnology, molds and mushrooms have not, to-date, significantly intersected with synthetic biology in ways comparable to other industrial cell factories (e.g. Escherichia coli,Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Komagataella phaffii). In this review, we summarize a suite of synthetic biology and computational tools for the mining, engineering and optimization of filamentous fungi as a bioproduction chassis. A combination of methods across genetic engineering, mutagenesis, experimental evolution, and computational modeling can be used to address strain development bottlenecks in established and emerging industries. These include slow mycelium growth rate, low production yields, non-optimal growth in alternative feedstocks, and difficulties in downstream purification. In the scope of biomanufacturing, we then detail previous efforts in improving key bottlenecks by targeting protein processing and secretion pathways, hyphae morphogenesis, and transcriptional control. Bringing synthetic biology practices into the hidden world of molds and mushrooms will serve to expand the limited panel of host organisms that allow for commercially-feasible and environmentally-sustainable bioproduction of enzymes, chemicals, therapeutics, foods, and materials of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenny M. Tam
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George M. Church
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ahmad S. Khalil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Segrè
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tzu-Chieh Tang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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Hung CH, Yen JB, Chang PJ, Chen LW, Huang TY, Tsai WJ, Tsai YC. Characterization of Human Norovirus Nonstructural Protein NS1.2 Involved in the Induction of the Filamentous Endoplasmic Reticulum, Enlarged Lipid Droplets, LC3 Recruitment, and Interaction with NTPase and NS4. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030812. [PMID: 36992520 PMCID: PMC10053803 DOI: 10.3390/v15030812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNVs) are the leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. NS1.2 is critical for HuNV pathogenesis, but the function is still unclear. The GII NS1.2 of HuNVs, unlike GI NS1.2, was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lipid droplets (LDs) and is accompanied by a distorted-filamentous ER morphology and aggregated-enlarged LDs. LC3 was recruited to the NS1.2-localized membrane through an autophagy-independent pathway. NS1.2, expressed from a cDNA clone of GII.4 norovirus, formed complexes with NTPase and NS4, which exhibited aggregated vesicle-like structures that were also colocalized with LC3 and LDs. NS1.2 is structurally divided into three domains from the N terminus: an inherently disordered region (IDR), a region that contains a putative hydrolase with the H-box/NC catalytic center (H-box/NC), and a C-terminal 251-330 a.a. region containing membrane-targeting domain. All three functional domains of NS1.2 were required for the induction of the filamentous ER. The IDR was essential for LC3 recruitment by NS1.2. Both the H-Box/NC and membrane-targeting domains are required for the induction of aggregated-enlarged LDs, NS1.2 self-assembly, and interaction with NTPase. The membrane-targeting domain was sufficient to interact with NS4. The study characterized the NS1.2 domain required for membrane targeting and protein-protein interactions, which are crucial for forming a viral replication complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hui Hung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Bei Yen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Pey-Jium Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Wen Chen
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chung Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yu Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ju Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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Hetz R, Magaway C, Everett J, Li L, Willard BB, Freeze HH, He P. Comparative proteomics reveals elevated CCN2 in NGLY1-deficient cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 632:165-172. [PMID: 36209585 PMCID: PMC9677521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
N-glycanase 1(NGLY1) catalyzes the removal of N-linked glycans from newly synthesized or misfolded protein. NGLY1 deficiency is a recently diagnosed rare genetic disorder. The affected individuals present a broad spectrum of clinical features. Recent studies explored several possible molecular mechanisms of NGLY1 deficiency including defects in proteostasis, mitochondrial homeostasis, innate immunity, and water/ion transport. We demonstrate abnormal accumulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) substrates in NGLY1-deficient cells. Global quantitative proteomics discovered elevated levels of endogenous proteins in NGLY1-defective human and mouse cells. Further biological validation assays confirmed the altered abundance of several key candidates that were subjected to isobarically labeled proteomic analysis. CCN2 was selected for further analysis due to its significant increase in different cell models of NGLY1 deficiency. Functional assays show elevated CCN2 and over-stimulated TGF-β signaling in NGLY1-deficient cells. Given the important role of CCN2 and TGF-β pathway in mediating systemic fibrosis, we propose a potential link of increased CCN2 and TGF-β signaling to microscopic liver fibrosis in NGLY1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hetz
- Department of Biochemistry, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, USA
| | - Carlo Magaway
- Department of Biochemistry, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, USA
| | - Jaylene Everett
- Department of Biochemistry, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Belinda B. Willard
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hudson H. Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, USA,Correspondence: Department of Pre-Clinical Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 2000 West Grandview Boulevard, Room: 2-107, Erie, PA 16509, USA,
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Losfeld ME, Scibona E, Lin CW, Aebi M. Glycosylation network mapping and site-specific glycan maturation in vivo. iScience 2022; 25:105417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Liang Q, Wan J, Liu H, Chen M, Xue T, Jia D, Chen Q, Chen H, Wei T. A plant reovirus hijacks the DNAJB12-Hsc70 chaperone complex to promote viral spread in its planthopper vector. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:805-818. [PMID: 34668642 PMCID: PMC9104260 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Many viruses usurp the functions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for virus-encoded membrane proteins proper functional folding or assembly to promote virus spread. Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV), a plant reovirus, exploits virus-containing tubules composed of nonstructural membrane protein P7-1 to spread in its planthopper vector Sogatella furcifera. Here, we report that two factors of the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery, the ER chaperone DNAJB12 and its cytosolic co-chaperone Hsc70, are activated by SRBSDV to facilitate ER-to-cytosol export of P7-1 tubules in S. furcifera. Both P7-1 of SRBSDV and Hsc70 directly bind to the J-domain of DNAJB12. DNAJB12 overexpression induces ER retention of P7-1, but Hsc70 overexpression promotes the transport of P7-1 from the ER to the cytosol to initiate tubule assembly. Thus, P7-1 is initially retained in the ER by interaction with DNAJB12 and then delivered to Hsc70. Furthermore, the inhibitors of the ATPase activity of Hsc70 reduce P7-1 tubule assembly, suggesting that the proper folding and assembly of P7-1 tubules is dependent on the ATPase activity of Hsc70. The DNAJB12-Hsc70 chaperone complex is recruited to P7-1 tubules in virus-infected midgut epithelial cells in S. furcifera. The knockdown of DNAJB12 or Hsc70 strongly inhibits P7-1 tubule assembly in vivo, finally suppressing effective viral spread in S. furcifera. Taken together, our results indicate that the DNAJB12-Hsc70 chaperone complex in the ERAD machinery facilitates the ER-to-cytosol transport of P7-1 for proper assembly of tubules, enabling viral spread in insect vectors in a manner dependent on ATPase activity of Hsc70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifu Liang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector‐borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Jiajia Wan
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector‐borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Huan Liu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector‐borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Manni Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector‐borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Taoran Xue
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector‐borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Dongsheng Jia
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector‐borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Qian Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector‐borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector‐borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector‐borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
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Nath S, Kango N. Recent Developments in Industrial Mycozymes: A Current Appraisal. Mycology 2022; 13:81-105. [PMID: 35711326 PMCID: PMC9196846 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2021.1974111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi, being natural decomposers, are the most potent, ubiquitous and versatile sources of industrial enzymes. About 60% of market share of industrial enzymes is sourced from filamentous fungi and yeasts. Mycozymes (myco-fungus; zymes-enzymes) are playing a pivotal role in several industrial applications and a number of potential applications are in the offing. The field of mycozyme production, while maintaining the old traditional methods, has also witnessed a sea change due to advents in recombinant DNA technology, optimisation protocols, fermentation technology and systems biology. Consolidated bioprocessing of abundant lignocellulosic biomass and complex polysaccharides is being explored at an unprecedented pace and a number of mycozymes of diverse fungal origins are being explored using suitable platforms. The present review attempts to revisit the current status of various mycozymes, screening and production strategies and applications thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP, India
| | - Naveen Kango
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP, India
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Reggiori F, Molinari M. ER-phagy: mechanisms, regulation and diseases connected to the lysosomal clearance of the endoplasmic reticulum. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1393-1448. [PMID: 35188422 PMCID: PMC9126229 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ER-phagy (reticulo-phagy) defines the degradation of portions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) within lysosomes or vacuoles. It is part of the self-digestion (i.e., auto-phagic) programs recycling cytoplasmic material and organelles, which rapidly mobilize metabolites in cells confronted with nutrient shortage. Moreover, selective clearance of ER subdomains participates to the control of ER size and activity during ER stress, the re-establishment of ER homeostasis after ER stress resolution and the removal of ER parts, in which aberrant and potentially cytotoxic material has been segregated. ER-phagy relies on the individual and/or concerted activation of the ER-phagy receptors, ER peripheral or integral membrane proteins that share the presence of LC3/Atg8-binding motifs in their cytosolic domains. ER-phagy involves the physical separation of portions of the ER from the bulk ER network, and their delivery to the endolysosomal/vacuolar catabolic district. This last step is accomplished by a variety of mechanisms including macro-ER-phagy (in which ER fragments are sequestered by double-membrane autophagosomes that eventually fuse with lysosomes/vacuoles), micro-ER-phagy (in which ER fragments are directly engulfed by endosomes/lysosomes/vacuoles), or direct fusion of ER-derived vesicles with lysosomes/vacuoles. ER-phagy is dysfunctional in specific human diseases and its regulators are subverted by pathogens, highlighting its crucial role for cell and organism life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, grid.4830.fUniversity of Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Protein Folding and Quality Control, grid.7722.0Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Demaretz S, Seaayfan E, Bakhos-Douaihy D, Frachon N, Kömhoff M, Laghmani K. Golgi Alpha1,2-Mannosidase IA Promotes Efficient Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation of NKCC2. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010101. [PMID: 35011665 PMCID: PMC8750359 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the apically located kidney Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC2 cause type I Bartter syndrome, a life-threatening kidney disorder. We previously showed that transport from the ER represents the limiting phase in NKCC2 journey to the cell surface. Yet very little is known about the ER quality control components specific to NKCC2 and its disease-causing mutants. Here, we report the identification of Golgi alpha1, 2-mannosidase IA (ManIA) as a novel binding partner of the immature form of NKCC2. ManIA interaction with NKCC2 takes place mainly at the cis-Golgi network. ManIA coexpression decreased total NKCC2 protein abundance whereas ManIA knock-down produced the opposite effect. Importantly, ManIA coexpression had a more profound effect on NKCC2 folding mutants. Cycloheximide chase assay showed that in cells overexpressing ManIA, NKCC2 stability and maturation are heavily hampered. Deleting the cytoplasmic region of ManIA attenuated its interaction with NKCC2 and inhibited its effect on the maturation of the cotransporter. ManIA-induced reductions in NKCC2 expression were offset by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Likewise, kifunensine treatment greatly reduced ManIA effect, strongly suggesting that mannose trimming is involved in the enhanced ERAD of the cotransporter. Moreover, depriving ManIA of its catalytic domain fully abolished its effect on NKCC2. In summary, our data demonstrate the presence of a ManIA-mediated ERAD pathway in renal cells promoting retention and degradation of misfolded NKCC2 proteins. They suggest a model whereby Golgi ManIA contributes to ERAD of NKCC2, by promoting the retention, recycling, and ERAD of misfolded proteins that initially escape protein quality control surveillance within the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Demaretz
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (S.D.); (E.S.); (D.B.-D.); (N.F.)
- CNRS, ERL8228, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Elie Seaayfan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (S.D.); (E.S.); (D.B.-D.); (N.F.)
- CNRS, ERL8228, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Dalal Bakhos-Douaihy
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (S.D.); (E.S.); (D.B.-D.); (N.F.)
- CNRS, ERL8228, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Nadia Frachon
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (S.D.); (E.S.); (D.B.-D.); (N.F.)
- CNRS, ERL8228, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Martin Kömhoff
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, University Children’s Hospital, Philipps-University, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Kamel Laghmani
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (S.D.); (E.S.); (D.B.-D.); (N.F.)
- CNRS, ERL8228, F-75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Oh H, Kang MK, Park SH, Kim DY, Kim SI, Oh SY, Na W, Shim JH, Lim SS, Kang YH. Asaronic acid inhibits ER stress sensors and boosts functionality of ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation in 7β-hydroxycholesterol-loaded macrophages. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 92:153763. [PMID: 34601222 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misfolded proteins are formed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) due to diverse stimuli including oxidant production, calcium disturbance, and inflammatory factors. Accumulation of these non-native proteins in the ER evokes cellular stress involving the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) and the execution of ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Naturally-occurring plant compounds are known to interfere with UPR due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, leading to inhibition of ER stress. However, there are few studies dealing with the protective effects of natural compounds on the functionality of ERAD. PURPOSE The current study examined whether asaronic acid enhanced ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation in J774A.1 murine macrophages exposed to 7β-hydroxycholesterol, a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Asaronic acid (2,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid), identified as one of purple perilla constituents, has anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Little is known regarding the effects of asaronic acid on the ERAD process and the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. METHODS AND RESULTS Murine macrophages were incubated with 28 μM 7β-hydroxycholesterol in absence and presence of 1-20 μΜ asaronic acid for up to 24 h. Nontoxic asaronic acid in macrophage diminished the activation of the ER stress sensors of ATF6, IRE1 and PERK stimulated by 7β-hydroxycholesterol. This methoxybenzoic acid down-regulated the oxysterol-induced expression of EDEM1, OS9, Sel1L-Hrd1 and p97/VCP1, all required for the recognition, recruitment and dislocation of misfolded proteins. On the other hand, asaronic acid enhanced the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of non-native proteins dislocated to the cytosol by 7β-hydroxycholesterol, which entailed the induction of the chaperones of Hsp70 and CHIP and the increased colocalization of ubiquitin and proteasomes. Taken together, asaronic acid attenuated the induction of the UPR-associated sensors and the dislocation-linked transmembrane components in the ER. Conversely, this compound enhanced the proteasomal degradation of dislocated non-native proteins in concert with the chaperones of Hsp70 and CHIP through ubiquitination. CONCLUSION These observations demonstrate that asaronic acid may be a potent atheroprotective agent as a natural chaperone targeting ER stress-associated macrophage injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongjoo Oh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Sin-Hye Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Soo-Il Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Su Yeon Oh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Woojin Na
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Shim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Korea.
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13
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Yan S, Xu Y, Yu XW. From induction to secretion: a complicated route for cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:107. [PMID: 38650205 PMCID: PMC10991602 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei has been widely used for cellulase production that has extensive applications in green and sustainable development. Increasing costs and depletion of fossil fuels provoke the demand for hyper-cellulase production in this cellulolytic fungus. To better manipulate T. reesei for enhanced cellulase production and to lower the cost for large-scale fermentation, it is wise to have a comprehensive understanding of the crucial factors and complicated biological network of cellulase production that could provide new perspectives for further exploration and modification. In this review, we summarize recent progress and give an overview of the cellular process of cellulase production in T. reesei, including the carbon source-dependent cellulase induction, complicated transcriptional regulation network, and efficient protein assembly and trafficking. Among that, the key factors involved in cellulase production were emphasized, shedding light on potential perspectives for further engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yan
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Wei Yu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Movaqar A, Yaghoubi A, Rezaee SAR, Jamehdar SA, Soleimanpour S. Coronaviruses construct an interconnection way with ERAD and autophagy. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:1135-1151. [PMID: 34468179 PMCID: PMC8412035 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses quickly became a pandemic or epidemic, affecting large numbers of humans, due to their structural features and also because of their impacts on intracellular communications. The knowledge of the intracellular mechanism of virus distribution could help understand the coronavirus's proper effects on different pathways that lead to the infections. They protect themselves from recognition and damage the infected cell by using an enclosed membrane through hijacking the autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathways. The present study is a comprehensive review of the coronavirus strategy in upregulating the communication network of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Movaqar
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology & Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atieh Yaghoubi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology & Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - SA Rahim Rezaee
- Inflammation & Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeid A Jamehdar
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology & Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology & Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Fujitani N, Ariki S, Hasegawa Y, Uehara Y, Saito A, Takahashi M. Integrated Structural Analysis of N-Glycans and Free Oligosaccharides Allows for a Quantitative Evaluation of ER Stress. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1708-1721. [PMID: 33983715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been reported in a variety of diseases. Although ER stress can be detected using specific markers, it is still difficult to quantitatively evaluate the degree of stress and to identify the cause of the stress. The ER is the primary site for folding of secretory or transmembrane proteins as well as the site where glycosylation is initiated. This study therefore postulates that tracing the biosynthetic pathway of asparagine-linked glycans (N-glycans) would be a reporter for reflecting the state of the ER and serve as a quantitative descriptor of ER stress. Glycoblotting-assisted mass spectrometric analysis of the HeLa cell line enabled quantitative determination of the changes in the structures of N-glycans and degraded free oligosaccharides (fOSs) in response to tunicamycin- or thapsigargin-induced ER stress. The integrated analysis of neutral and sialylated N-glycans and fOSs showed the potential to elucidate the cause of ER stress, which cannot be readily done by protein markers alone. Changes in the total amount of glycans, increase in the ratio of high-mannose type N-glycans, increase in fOSs, and changes in the ratio of sialylated N-glycans in response to ER stress were shown to be potential descriptors of ER stress. Additionally, drastic clearance of accumulated N-glycans was observed in thapsigargin-treated cells, which may suggest the observation of ER stress-mediated autophagy or ER-phagy in terms of glycomics. Quantitative analysis of N-glycoforms composed of N-glycans and fOSs provides the dynamic indicators reflecting the ER status and the promising strategies for quantitative evaluation of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Fujitani
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ariki
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Sapporo Medical University Center for Medical Education, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hasegawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Uehara
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Motoko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
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16
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Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has caused more than one million deaths, overwhelmed many public health systems, and led to a worldwide economic recession. This has raised an unprecedented need to develop antiviral drugs and vaccines, which requires profound knowledge of the fundamental pathology of the virus, including its entry, replication, and release from host cells. The genome of coronaviruses comprises around 30 kb of positive single-stranded RNA, representing one of the largest RNA genomes of viruses. The 5′ part of the genome encodes a large polyprotein, PP1ab, which gives rise to 16 non-structural proteins (nsp1– nsp16). Two proteases encoded in nsp3 and nsp5 cleave the polyprotein into individual proteins. Most nsps belong to the viral replicase complex that promotes replication of the viral genome and translation of structural proteins by producing subgenomic mRNAs. The replicase complexes are found on double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) that contain viral double-stranded RNA. Expression of a small subset of viral proteins, including nsp3 and nsp4, is sufficient to induce formation of these DMVs in human cells, suggesting that both proteins deform host membranes into such structures. We will discuss the formation of DMVs and provide an overview of other membrane remodeling processes that are induced by coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagan Mohan
- Membrane Biochemistry and Transport, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691 CNRS, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Wollert
- Membrane Biochemistry and Transport, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691 CNRS, F-75015, Paris, France
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17
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Bhardwaj M, Leli NM, Koumenis C, Amaravadi RK. Regulation of autophagy by canonical and non-canonical ER stress responses. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 66:116-128. [PMID: 31838023 PMCID: PMC7325862 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells encounter numerous stresses that pose a threat to their survival. Tumor microenviroment stresses that perturb protein homeostasis can produce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which can be counterbalanced by triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR) which is considered the canonical ER stress response. The UPR is characterized by three major proteins that lead to specific changes in transcriptional and translational programs in stressed cells. Activation of the UPR can induce apoptosis, but also can induce cytoprotective programs such as autophagy. There is increasing appreciation for the role that UPR-induced autophagy plays in supporting tumorigenesis and cancer therapy resistance. More recently several new pathways that connect cell stresses, components of the UPR and autophagy have been reported, which together can be viewed as non-canonical ER stress responses. Here we review recent findings on the molecular mechanisms by which canonical and non-canonical ER stress responses can activate cytoprotective autophagy and contribute to tumor growth and therapy resistance. Autophagy has been identified as a druggable pathway, however the components of autophagy (ATG genes) have proven difficult to drug. It may be the case that targeting the UPR or non-canonical ER stress programs can more effectively block cytoprotective autophagy to enhance cancer therapy. A deeper understanding of these pathways could provide new therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bhardwaj
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nektaria Maria Leli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Constantinos Koumenis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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18
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Mohammad S, Bouchama A, Mohammad Alharbi B, Rashid M, Saleem Khatlani T, Gaber NS, Malik SS. SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 and SARS-CoV ORF8ab: Genomic Divergence and Functional Convergence. Pathogens 2020; 9:E677. [PMID: 32825438 PMCID: PMC7558349 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, in the first seven months, has led to more than 15 million confirmed infected cases and 600,000 deaths. SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent for COVID-19, has proved to be a great challenge for its ability to spread in asymptomatic stages and the diverse disease spectrum it has generated. This has created a challenge of unimaginable magnitude, not only affecting human health and life but also potentially generating a long-lasting socioeconomic impact. Both medical sciences and biomedical research have also been challenged, consequently leading to a large number of clinical trials and vaccine initiatives. While known proteins of pathobiological importance are targets for these therapeutic approaches, it is imperative to explore other factors of viral significance. Accessory proteins are one such trait that have diverse roles in coronavirus pathobiology. Here, we analyze certain genomic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 accessory protein ORF8 and predict its protein features. We have further reviewed current available literature regarding its function and comparatively evaluated these and other features of ORF8 and ORF8ab, its homolog from SARS-CoV. Because coronaviruses have been infecting humans repeatedly and might continue to do so, we therefore expect this study to aid in the development of holistic understanding of these proteins. Despite low nucleotide and protein identity and differentiating genome level characteristics, there appears to be significant structural integrity and functional proximity between these proteins pointing towards their high significance. There is further need for comprehensive genomics and structural-functional studies to lead towards definitive conclusions regarding their criticality and that can eventually define their relevance to therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Mohammad
- Experimental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, MNGHA, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.); (A.B.); (B.M.A.); (N.S.G.)
| | - Abderrezak Bouchama
- Experimental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, MNGHA, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.); (A.B.); (B.M.A.); (N.S.G.)
| | - Bothina Mohammad Alharbi
- Experimental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, MNGHA, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.); (A.B.); (B.M.A.); (N.S.G.)
| | - Mamoon Rashid
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King~Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, MNGHA, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tanveer Saleem Khatlani
- Stem Cells Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, MNGHA, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nusaibah S. Gaber
- Experimental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, MNGHA, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.); (A.B.); (B.M.A.); (N.S.G.)
| | - Shuja Shafi Malik
- Experimental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, MNGHA, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.); (A.B.); (B.M.A.); (N.S.G.)
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19
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Chiritoiu M, Chiritoiu GN, Munteanu CVA, Pastrama F, Ivessa NE, Petrescu SM. EDEM1 Drives Misfolded Protein Degradation via ERAD and Exploits ER-Phagy as Back-Up Mechanism When ERAD Is Impaired. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103468. [PMID: 32423001 PMCID: PMC7279049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) is the main mechanism of targeting ER proteins for degradation to maintain homeostasis, and perturbations of ERAD lead to pathological conditions. ER-degradation enhancing α-mannosidase-like (EDEM1) was proposed to extract terminally misfolded proteins from the calnexin folding cycle and target them for degradation by ERAD. Here, using mass-spectrometry and biochemical methods, we show that EDEM1 is found in auto-regulatory complexes with ERAD components. Moreover, the N-terminal disordered region of EDEM1 mediates protein–protein interaction with misfolded proteins, whilst the absence of this domain significantly impairs their degradation. We also determined that overexpression of EDEM1 can induce degradation, even when proteasomal activity is severely impaired, by promoting the formation of aggregates, which can be further degraded by autophagy. Therefore, we propose that EDEM1 maintains ER homeostasis and mediates ERAD client degradation via autophagy when either dislocation or proteasomal degradation are impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marioara Chiritoiu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Splaiul Independentei 296, 060031 Bucharest 17, Romania; (M.C.); (G.N.C.)
| | - Gabriela N. Chiritoiu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Splaiul Independentei 296, 060031 Bucharest 17, Romania; (M.C.); (G.N.C.)
| | - Cristian V. A. Munteanu
- Department of Bioinformatics & Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Splaiul Independentei 296, 060031 Bucharest 17, Romania; (C.V.A.M.); (F.P.)
| | - Florin Pastrama
- Department of Bioinformatics & Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Splaiul Independentei 296, 060031 Bucharest 17, Romania; (C.V.A.M.); (F.P.)
| | - N. Erwin Ivessa
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Stefana M. Petrescu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Splaiul Independentei 296, 060031 Bucharest 17, Romania; (M.C.); (G.N.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-2-1223-9069
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20
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Xu YX, Peloso GM, Nagai TH, Mizoguchi T, Deik A, Bullock K, Lin H, Musunuru K, Yang Q, Vasan RS, Gerszten RE, Clish CB, Rader D, Kathiresan S. EDEM3 Modulates Plasma Triglyceride Level through Its Regulation of LRP1 Expression. iScience 2020; 23:100973. [PMID: 32213464 PMCID: PMC7093811 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human genetics studies have uncovered genetic variants that can be used to guide biological research and prioritize molecular targets for therapeutic intervention for complex diseases. We have identified a missense variant (P746S) in EDEM3 associated with lower blood triglyceride (TG) levels in >300,000 individuals. Functional analyses in cell and mouse models show that EDEM3 deficiency strongly increased the uptake of very-low-density lipoprotein and thereby reduced the plasma TG level, as a result of up-regulated expression of LRP1 receptor. We demonstrate that EDEM3 deletion up-regulated the pathways for RNA and endoplasmic reticulum protein processing and transport, and consequently increased the cell surface mannose-containing glycoproteins, including LRP1. Metabolomics analyses reveal a cellular TG accumulation under EDEM3 deficiency, a profile consistent with individuals carrying EDEM3 P746S. Our study identifies EDEM3 as a regulator of blood TG, and targeted inhibition of EDEM3 may provide a complementary approach for lowering elevated blood TG concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Xu
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches 5.500, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Taylor H Nagai
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches 5.500, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Taiji Mizoguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches 5.500, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Amy Deik
- The Metabolomics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kevin Bullock
- The Metabolomics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kiran Musunuru
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Framingham Heart Study of the NHLBI and Boston University School of Medicine, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- The Metabolomics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel Rader
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches 5.500, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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21
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Wang Q, Zhong C, Xiao H. Genetic Engineering of Filamentous Fungi for Efficient Protein Expression and Secretion. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:293. [PMID: 32322579 PMCID: PMC7156587 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are considered as unique cell factories for protein production due to the high efficiency of protein secretion and superior capability of post-translational modifications. In this review, we firstly introduce the secretory pathway in filamentous fungi. We next summarize the current state-of-the-art works regarding how various genetic engineering strategies are applied for enhancing protein expression and secretion in filamentous fungi. Finally, in a future perspective, we discuss the great potential of genome engineering for further improving protein expression and secretion in filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and Laboratory of Molecular Biochemical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Materials and Physical Biology Division, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Materials Synthetic Biology Center, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and Laboratory of Molecular Biochemical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Abstract
In consistent with other membrane-bound and secretory proteins, immune checkpoint proteins go through a set of modifications in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to acquire their native functional structures before they function at their destinations. There are various ER-resident chaperones and enzymes synergistically regulate and catalyze the glycosylation, folding and transporting of proteins. The whole processing is under the surveillance of ER quality control system which allows the correctly folded proteins to exit from the ER with the help of coat proteinII(COPII) coated vesicles, while retains the rest of terminally misfolded ones in the ER and then eliminates them via ER-associated degradation (ERAD) or ER-to-lysosomes-associated degradation (ERLAD). The dysfunction of the ER causes ER stress which triggers unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore ER proteostasis. Unsolvable prolonged ER stress ultimately results in cell death. This chapter reviews the process that proteins undergo in the ER, and the glycosylation, folding and degradation of immune checkpoint proteins as well as the associated potential immunotherapies to date.
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23
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Loi M, Raimondi A, Morone D, Molinari M. ESCRT-III-driven piecemeal micro-ER-phagy remodels the ER during recovery from ER stress. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5058. [PMID: 31699981 PMCID: PMC6838186 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) produces about 40% of the nucleated cell's proteome. ER size and content in molecular chaperones increase upon physiologic and pathologic stresses on activation of unfolded protein responses (UPR). On stress resolution, the mammalian ER is remodeled to pre-stress, physiologic size and function on activation of the LC3-binding activity of the translocon component SEC62. This elicits recov-ER-phagy, i.e., the delivery of the excess ER generated during the phase of stress to endolysosomes (EL) for clearance. Here, ultrastructural and genetic analyses reveal that recov-ER-phagy entails the LC3 lipidation machinery and proceeds via piecemeal micro-ER-phagy, where RAB7/LAMP1-positive EL directly engulf excess ER in processes that rely on the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT)-III component CHMP4B and the accessory AAA+ ATPase VPS4A. Thus, ESCRT-III-driven micro-ER-phagy emerges as a key catabolic pathway activated to remodel the mammalian ER on recovery from ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Loi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Morone
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Arigoni-Affolter I, Scibona E, Lin CW, Brühlmann D, Souquet J, Broly H, Aebi M. Mechanistic reconstruction of glycoprotein secretion through monitoring of intracellular N-glycan processing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax8930. [PMID: 31807707 PMCID: PMC6881162 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax8930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation plays a fundamental role in determining the thermodynamic stability of proteins and is involved in multiple key biological processes. The mechanistic understanding of the intracellular machinery responsible for the stepwise biosynthesis of N-glycans is still incomplete due to limited understanding of in vivo kinetics of N-glycan processing along the secretory pathway. We present a glycoproteomics approach to monitor the processing of site-specific N-glycans in CHO cells. On the basis of a model-based analysis of structure-specific turnover rates, we provide a kinetic description of intracellular N-glycan processing along the entire secretory pathway. This approach refines and further extends the current knowledge on N-glycans biosynthesis and provides a basis to quantify alterations in the glycoprotein processing machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernesto Scibona
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David Brühlmann
- Merck Healthcare, Biotech Process Sciences, Route de Fenil 25, 1804 Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Souquet
- Merck Healthcare, Biotech Process Sciences, Route de Fenil 25, 1804 Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Broly
- Merck Healthcare, Biotech Process Sciences, Route de Fenil 25, 1804 Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Markus Aebi
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author.
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25
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Ávila-Pérez G, Diaz-Beneitez E, Cubas-Gaona LL, Nieves-Molina G, Rodríguez JR, Rodríguez JF, Rodríguez D. Activation of the autophagy pathway by Torovirus infection is irrelevant for virus replication. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219428. [PMID: 31306441 PMCID: PMC6629058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved eukaryotic process that mediates lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic macromolecules and damaged organelles, also exerting an important role in the elimination of intracellular pathogens. Despite the antiviral role of autophagy, many studies suggest that some positive-stranded RNA viruses exploit this pathway to facilitate their own replication. In this study, we demonstrate that the equine torovirus Berne virus (BEV), the prototype member of the Torovirus genus (Coronaviridae Family, Nidovirales Order), induces autophagy at late times post-infection. Conversion of microtubule associated protein 1B light chain 3 (LC3) from cytosolic (LC3 I) to the membrane associated form (LC3 II), a canonical marker of autophagosome formation, is enhanced in BEV infected cells. However, neither autophagy induction, via starvation, nor pharmacological blockade significantly affect BEV replication. Similarly, BEV infection is not altered in autophagy deficient cells lacking either Beclin 1 or LC3B protein expression. Unexpectedly, the cargo receptor p62, a selective autophagy receptor, aggregates within the region where the BEV main protease (Mpro) localizes. This finding, coupled with observation that BEV replication also induces ER stress at the time when selective autophagy is taking place, suggests that the autophagy pathway is activated in response to the hefty accumulation of virus-encoded polypeptides during the late phase of BEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginés Ávila-Pérez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, C/Darwin, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabet Diaz-Beneitez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, C/Darwin, Madrid, Spain
| | - Liliana L. Cubas-Gaona
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, C/Darwin, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gliselle Nieves-Molina
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, C/Darwin, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José F. Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, C/Darwin, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, C/Darwin, Madrid, Spain
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26
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The Best for the Most Important: Maintaining a Pristine Proteome in Stem and Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:1608787. [PMID: 31191665 PMCID: PMC6525796 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1608787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells give rise to reproductively enabled offsprings by generating progressively lineage-restricted multipotent stem cells that would differentiate into lineage-committed stem and progenitor cells. These lineage-committed stem and progenitor cells give rise to all adult tissues and organs. Adult stem and progenitor cells are generated as part of the developmental program and play critical roles in tissue and organ maintenance and/or regeneration. The ability of pluripotent stem cells to self-renew, maintain pluripotency, and differentiate into a multicellular organism is highly dependent on sensing and integrating extracellular and extraorganismal cues. Proteins perform and integrate almost all cellular functions including signal transduction, regulation of gene expression, metabolism, and cell division and death. Therefore, maintenance of an appropriate mix of correctly folded proteins, a pristine proteome, is essential for proper stem cell function. The stem cells' proteome must be pristine because unfolded, misfolded, or otherwise damaged proteins would interfere with unlimited self-renewal, maintenance of pluripotency, differentiation into downstream lineages, and consequently with the development of properly functioning tissue and organs. Understanding how various stem cells generate and maintain a pristine proteome is therefore essential for exploiting their potential in regenerative medicine and possibly for the discovery of novel approaches for maintaining, propagating, and differentiating pluripotent, multipotent, and adult stem cells as well as induced pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we will summarize cellular networks used by various stem cells for generation and maintenance of a pristine proteome. We will also explore the coordination of these networks with one another and their integration with the gene regulatory and signaling networks.
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27
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Sun X, Su X. Harnessing the knowledge of protein secretion for enhanced protein production in filamentous fungi. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:54. [PMID: 30900052 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are important microorganisms used in industrial production of proteins and enzymes. Among these organisms, Trichoderma reesei, Aspergilli, and more recently Myceliophthora thermophile are the most widely used and promising ones which have powerful protein secretion capability. In recent years, there have been tremendous achievements in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the secretory pathways in filamentous fungi. The acquired pieces of knowledge can be harnessed to enhance protein production in filamentous fungi with assistance of state-of-the-art genetic engineering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Sun
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
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28
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Ye Y, Baek SH, Ye Y, Zhang T. Proteomic characterization of endogenous substrates of mammalian ubiquitin ligase Hrd1. Cell Biosci 2018; 8:46. [PMID: 30167107 PMCID: PMC6103995 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) regulates protein homeostasis in the secretory pathway by targeting misfolded or unassembled proteins for degradation by the proteasome. Hrd1 is a conserved multi-spanning membrane bound ubiquitin ligase required for ubiquitination of many aberrant ER proteins, but few endogenous substrates of Hrd1 have been identified to date. Methods Using a SILAC-based quantitative proteomic approach combined with CRISPR-mediated gene silencing, we searched for endogenous physiological substrates of Hrd1. We used RNA microarray, immunoblotting, cycloheximide chase combined with chemical genetics to define the role of Hrd1 in regulating the stability of endogenous ERAD substrates. Results We identified 58 proteins whose levels are consistently upregulated in Hrd1 null HEK293 cells. Many of these proteins function in pathways involved in stress adaptation or immune surveillance. We validated OS9, a lectin required for ERAD of glycoproteins as a highly upregulated protein in Hrd1 deficient cells. Moreover, the abundance of OS9 is inversely correlated with Hrd1 level in clinical synovium samples isolated from osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients. Intriguingly, immunoblotting detects two OS9 variants, both of which are upregulated when Hrd1 is inactivated. However, only one of these variants is subject to proteasome dependent degradation that requires Hrd1 and the AAA (ATPase associated with diverse cellular activities) ATPase p97. The stability of the other variant on the other hand is influenced by a lysosomal inhibitor. Conclusion Hrd1 regulates the stability of proteins involved in ER stress response and immune activation by both proteasome dependent and independent mechanisms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13578-018-0245-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Ye
- 1Department of Orthopedics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034 China
| | - Suk-Hwan Baek
- 2Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541 South Korea
| | - Yihong Ye
- 3Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- 3Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.,SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
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29
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Bergmann TJ, Molinari M. Three branches to rule them all? UPR signalling in response to chemically versus misfolded proteins-induced ER stress. Biol Cell 2018; 110:197-204. [PMID: 29979817 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Study of the unfolded protein responses (UPR) is mainly addressed by challenging eukaryotic cells with chemical compounds that impair calcium, redox or glycan homeostasis. These dramatically alter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) environment and function, but also trigger pleiotropic effects that may result in multi-organellar failure and cell death. Recent works showed that UPR induced by the accumulation of unfolded polypeptides in the ER lumen drastically differs from chemically induced UPR. Unfolded proteins are tolerated by cells, which activate a finely tuned UPR without entering apoptotic programs. How cells adapt the UPR to the burden of misfolded proteins, what structural features of the accumulating proteins determine UPR intensity and how these mechanisms translate into disease are crucial questions to be address in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Bergmann
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
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30
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Bergmann TJ, Fregno I, Fumagalli F, Rinaldi A, Bertoni F, Boersema PJ, Picotti P, Molinari M. Chemical stresses fail to mimic the unfolded protein response resulting from luminal load with unfolded polypeptides. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5600-5612. [PMID: 29453283 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The stress sensors ATF6, IRE1, and PERK monitor deviations from homeostatic conditions in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a protein biogenesis compartment of eukaryotic cells. Their activation elicits unfolded protein responses (UPR) to re-establish proteostasis. UPR have been extensively investigated in cells exposed to chemicals that activate ER stress sensors by perturbing calcium, N-glycans, or redox homeostasis. Cell responses to variations in luminal load with unfolded proteins are, in contrast, poorly characterized. Here, we compared gene and protein expression profiles in HEK293 cells challenged with ER stress-inducing drugs or expressing model polypeptides. Drug titration to limit up-regulation of the endogenous ER stress reporters heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 (BiP/HSPA5) and homocysteine-inducible ER protein with ubiquitin-like domain 1 (HERP/HERPUD1) to levels comparable with luminal accumulation of unfolded proteins substantially reduced the amplitude of both transcriptional and translational responses. However, these drug-induced changes remained pleiotropic and failed to recapitulate responses to ER load with unfolded proteins. These required unfolded protein association with BiP and induced a much smaller subset of genes participating in a chaperone complex that binds unfolded peptide chains. In conclusion, UPR resulting from ER load with unfolded proteins proceed via a well-defined and fine-tuned pathway, whereas even mild chemical stresses caused by compounds often used to stimulate UPR induce cellular responses largely unrelated to the UPR or ER-mediated protein secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Bergmann
- From the Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.,the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,the Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Fregno
- From the Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.,the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,the Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fiorenza Fumagalli
- From the Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.,the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,the Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- From the Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.,the Istituto Oncologico di Ricerca, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland, and
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- From the Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.,the Istituto Oncologico di Ricerca, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland, and
| | - Paul J Boersema
- the Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Picotti
- the Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- From the Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland, .,the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Hearing Loss. JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, HEARING AND BALANCE MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/ohbm1010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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32
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Wang T, Wang B, Huang H, Zhang C, Zhu Y, Pei B, Cheng C, Sun L, Wang J, Jin Q, Zhao Z. Enterovirus 71 protease 2Apro and 3Cpro differentially inhibit the cellular endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway via distinct mechanisms, and enterovirus 71 hijacks ERAD component p97 to promote its replication. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006674. [PMID: 28985237 PMCID: PMC5650186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) is an important function for cellular homeostasis. The mechanism of how picornavirus infection interferes with ERAD remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection significantly inhibits cellular ERAD by targeting multiple key ERAD molecules with its proteases 2Apro and 3Cpro using different mechanisms. Ubc6e was identified as the key E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in EV71 disturbed ERAD. EV71 3Cpro cleaves Ubc6e at Q219G, Q260S, and Q273G. EV71 2Apro mainly inhibits the de novo synthesis of key ERAD molecules Herp and VIMP at the protein translational level. Herp differentially participates in the degradation of different glycosylated ERAD substrates α-1 antitrypsin Null Hong Kong (NHK) and the C-terminus of sonic hedgehog (SHH-C) via unknown mechanisms. p97 was identified as a host factor in EV71 replication; it redistributed and co-exists with the viral protein and other known replication-related molecules in EV71-induced replication organelles. Electron microscopy and multiple-color confocal assays also showed that EV71-induced membranous vesicles were closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and the ER membrane molecule RTN3 was redistributed to the viral replication complex during EV71 infection. Therefore, we propose that EV71 rearranges ER membranes and hijacks p97 from cellular ERAD to benefit its replication. These findings add to our understanding of how viruses disturb ERAD and provide potential anti-viral targets for EV71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bei Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - He Huang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chongyang Zhang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuanmei Zhu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bin Pei
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chaofei Cheng
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lei Sun
- Center for Biological Imaging, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail: (JWW); (QJ); (ZDZ)
| | - Qi Jin
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail: (JWW); (QJ); (ZDZ)
| | - Zhendong Zhao
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
- Center of Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
- CAMS-Oxford University International Center for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail: (JWW); (QJ); (ZDZ)
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33
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Cybulsky AV. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, the unfolded protein response and autophagy in kidney diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 13:681-696. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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34
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Sekiya M, Maruko-Otake A, Hearn S, Sakakibara Y, Fujisaki N, Suzuki E, Ando K, Iijima KM. EDEM Function in ERAD Protects against Chronic ER Proteinopathy and Age-Related Physiological Decline in Drosophila. Dev Cell 2017. [PMID: 28633019 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR), which protects cells against accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER, is induced in several age-associated degenerative diseases. However, sustained UPR activation has negative effects on cellular functions and may worsen disease symptoms. It remains unknown whether and how UPR components can be utilized to counteract chronic ER proteinopathies. We found that promotion of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) through upregulation of ERAD-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs) protected against chronic ER proteinopathy without inducing toxicity in a Drosophila model. ERAD activity in the brain decreased with aging, and upregulation of EDEMs suppressed age-dependent behavioral decline and extended the lifespan without affecting the UPR gene expression network. Intriguingly, EDEM mannosidase activity was dispensable for these protective effects. Therefore, upregulation of EDEM function in the ERAD protects against ER proteinopathy in vivo and thus represents a potential therapeutic target for chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Sekiya
- Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Akiko Maruko-Otake
- Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Stephen Hearn
- Microscopy Shared Resource, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Yasufumi Sakakibara
- Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujisaki
- Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; Department of Experimental Gerontology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi 467-0027, Japan
| | - Emiko Suzuki
- Structural Biology Center, National Institute of Genetics and Gene Network Laboratory, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Kanae Ando
- Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Koichi M Iijima
- Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; Department of Experimental Gerontology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi 467-0027, Japan.
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35
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Cong Y, Verlhac P, Reggiori F. The Interaction between Nidovirales and Autophagy Components. Viruses 2017; 9:E182. [PMID: 28696396 PMCID: PMC5537674 DOI: 10.3390/v9070182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved intracellular catabolic pathway that allows cells to maintain homeostasis through the degradation of deleterious components via specialized double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes. During the past decades, it has been revealed that numerous pathogens, including viruses, usurp autophagy in order to promote their propagation. Nidovirales are an order of enveloped viruses with large single-stranded positive RNA genomes. Four virus families (Arterividae, Coronaviridae, Mesoniviridae, and Roniviridae) are part of this order, which comprises several human and animal pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. In host cells, Nidovirales induce membrane rearrangements including autophagosome formation. The relevance and putative mechanism of autophagy usurpation, however, remain largely elusive. Here, we review the current knowledge about the possible interplay between Nidovirales and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cong
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Pauline Verlhac
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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36
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Chen Q, Liu R, Wang Q, Xie Q. ERAD Tuning of the HRD1 Complex Component AtOS9 Is Modulated by an ER-Bound E2, UBC32. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:891-894. [PMID: 28040559 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China; The Faculty of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ruijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China; The Faculty of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China; The Faculty of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China; The Faculty of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
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Nevo N, Thomas L, Chhuon C, Andrzejewska Z, Lipecka J, Guillonneau F, Bailleux A, Edelman A, Antignac C, Guerrera IC. Impact of Cystinosin Glycosylation on Protein Stability by Differential Dynamic Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC). Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:457-468. [PMID: 28082515 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.063867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of cystine. The causative gene for cystinosis is CTNS, which encodes the protein cystinosin, a lysosomal proton-driven cystine transporter. Over 100 mutations have been reported, leading to varying disease severity, often in correlation with residual cystinosin activity as a transporter and with maintenance of its protein-protein interactions. In this study, we focus on the ΔITILELP mutation, the only mutation reported that sometimes leads to severe forms, inconsistent with its residual transported activity. ΔITILELP is a deletion that eliminates a consensus site on N66, one of the protein's seven glycosylation sites. Our hypothesis was that the ΔITILELP mutant is less stable and undergoes faster degradation. Our dynamic stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) study clearly showed that wild-type cystinosin is very stable, whereas ΔITILELP is degraded three times more rapidly. Additional lysosome inhibition experiments confirmed ΔITILELP instability and showed that the degradation was mainly lysosomal. We observed that in the lysosome, ΔITILELP is still capable of interacting with the V-ATPase complex and some members of the mTOR pathway, similar to the wild-type protein. Intriguingly, our interactomic and immunofluorescence studies showed that ΔITILELP is partially retained at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We proposed that the ΔITILELP mutation causes protein misfolding, ER retention and inability to be processed in the Golgi apparatus, and we demonstrated that ΔITILELP carries high-mannose glycans on all six of its remaining glycosylation sites. We found that the high turnover of ΔITILELP, because of its immature glycosylation state in combination with low transport activity, might be responsible for the phenotype observed in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Nevo
- From the ‡INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,‡‡Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Thomas
- From the ‡INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,‡‡Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Cerina Chhuon
- §Plateforme Protéomique Paris Descartes Necker, PPN, 3P5-Necker, SFR Necker, US24, 75014 Paris, France.,‡‡Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Zuzanna Andrzejewska
- From the ‡INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,‡‡Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Joanna Lipecka
- ¶The CPN Proteomics Facility - 3P5, Center of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, UMR INSERM 894, 75014 Paris, France.,‡‡Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - François Guillonneau
- ‖Plateforme Protéomique Paris Descartes Cochin, 3P5-Cochin, 75014 Paris, France.,‡‡Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Anne Bailleux
- From the ‡INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,‡‡Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Aleksander Edelman
- §Plateforme Protéomique Paris Descartes Necker, PPN, 3P5-Necker, SFR Necker, US24, 75014 Paris, France.,**INSERM U1151, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Corinne Antignac
- From the ‡INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,‡‡Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,§§Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Genetics, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ida Chiara Guerrera
- §Plateforme Protéomique Paris Descartes Necker, PPN, 3P5-Necker, SFR Necker, US24, 75014 Paris, France; .,‡‡Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
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The Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Cellular Reticular Network. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 981:61-76. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55858-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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USP19-Mediated Deubiquitination Facilitates the Stabilization of HRD1 Ubiquitin Ligase. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111829. [PMID: 27827840 PMCID: PMC5133830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), misfolded and unfolded proteins are eliminated by a process called ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) in order to maintain cell homeostasis. In the ERAD pathway, several ER-localized E3 ubiquitin ligases target ERAD substrate proteins for ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. However, little is known about how the functions of the ERAD ubiquitin ligases are regulated. Recently, USP19, an ER-anchored deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), has been suggested to be involved in the regulation of ERAD. In this study, HRD1, an ERAD ubiquitin ligase, is shown to be a novel substrate for USP19. We demonstrate that USP19 rescues HRD1 from proteasomal degradation by deubiquitination of K48-linked ubiquitin chains. In addition, the altered expression of USP19 affects the steady-state levels of HRD1. These results suggest that USP19 regulates the stability of HRD1 and provide insight into the regulatory mechanism of the ERAD ubiquitin ligases.
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40
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Fumagalli F, Noack J, Bergmann T, Cebollero E, Pisoni G, Fasana E, Fregno I, Galli C, Loi M, Soldà T, D’Antuono R, Raimondi A, Jung M, Melnyk A, Schorr S, Schreiber A, Simonelli L, Varani L, Wilson-Zbinden C, Zerbe O, Hofmann K, Peter M, Quadroni M, Zimmermann R, Molinari M. Translocon component Sec62 acts in endoplasmic reticulum turnover during stress recovery. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:1173-1184. [DOI: 10.1038/ncb3423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Frabutt DA, Zheng YH. Arms Race between Enveloped Viruses and the Host ERAD Machinery. Viruses 2016; 8:v8090255. [PMID: 27657106 PMCID: PMC5035969 DOI: 10.3390/v8090255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enveloped viruses represent a significant category of pathogens that cause serious diseases in animals. These viruses express envelope glycoproteins that are singularly important during the infection of host cells by mediating fusion between the viral envelope and host cell membranes. Despite low homology at protein levels, three classes of viral fusion proteins have, as of yet, been identified based on structural similarities. Their incorporation into viral particles is dependent upon their proper sub-cellular localization after being expressed and folded properly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, viral protein expression can cause stress in the ER, and host cells respond to alleviate the ER stress in the form of the unfolded protein response (UPR); the effects of which have been observed to potentiate or inhibit viral infection. One important arm of UPR is to elevate the capacity of the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway, which is comprised of host quality control machinery that ensures proper protein folding. In this review, we provide relevant details regarding viral envelope glycoproteins, UPR, ERAD, and their interactions in host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A Frabutt
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Yong-Hui Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Cheng Q, Wang H, Jiang S, Wang L, Xin L, Liu C, Jia Z, Song L, Zhu B. A novel ubiquitin-protein ligase E3 functions as a modulator of immune response against lipopolysaccharide in Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 60:180-190. [PMID: 26928091 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is an important post-translational protein modification and plays a crucial role in various processes such as cell cycle, signal transduction, and transcriptional regulation. In the present study, a novel ubiquitin (Ub)-protein ligase E3 (designed as CgE3Rv1) was identified from Crassostrea gigas, and its ubiquitination regulation in the immune response against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation was investigated. The open reading frame of CgE3Rv1 gene was of 1455 bp encoding a polypeptide of 484 amino acids with the predicted molecular mass of 54.89 kDa. There were two transmembrane regions and a RING-variant (RINGv) domain identified in CgE3Rv1. CgE3Rv1 shared similar C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif with those RINGv domain Ub-protein ligases E3s identified from vertebrates and invertebrates, and it was closely clustered with the membrane-associated RING-CH2 (MARCH2) Ub-protein ligases E3s in the phylogenetic tree. The mRNA transcript of CgE3Rv1 was highest expressed in gonads and hemolymph (p < 0.05), and its mRNA expression level in hemocytes was significantly increased at 6 h (p < 0.01) after the stimulation of LPS, while the up-regulated mRNA expression was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) after acetylcholine stimulation. No significant changes of CgE3Rv1 expression were observed after peptidoglycan or mannan stimulation. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization assays revealed that CgE3Rv1 protein and mRNA were dominantly distributed in the gonad. In the hemocytes, CgE3Rv1 was mainly located around the nucleus, and slightly distributed in the cytoplasm and on the cell membrane. Recombinant CgE3Rv1 RINGv domain protein (rCgE3Rv1-RINGv) was confirmed to activate the Ub reaction system in vitro with the aid of Ub-activating enzyme E1 and Ub-conjugating enzyme E2. These results demonstrated that CgE3Rv1 was an Ub-protein ligase E3, which was involved in the immune response against LPS and the interaction with cell surface signal molecules of neuroendocrine-immune system in oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lusheng Xin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Conghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China.
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Ebstein F, Keller M, Paschen A, Walden P, Seeger M, Bürger E, Krüger E, Schadendorf D, Kloetzel PM, Seifert U. Exposure to Melan-A/MART-126-35 tumor epitope specific CD8(+)T cells reveals immune escape by affecting the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Sci Rep 2016; 6:25208. [PMID: 27143649 PMCID: PMC4855237 DOI: 10.1038/srep25208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient processing of target antigens by the ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS) is essential for treatment of cancers by T cell therapies. However, immune escape due to altered expression of IFN-γ-inducible components of the antigen presentation machinery and consequent inefficient processing of HLA-dependent tumor epitopes can be one important reason for failure of such therapies. Here, we show that short-term co-culture of Melan-A/MART-1 tumor antigen-expressing melanoma cells with Melan-A/MART-126-35-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) led to resistance against CTL-induced lysis because of impaired Melan-A/MART-126-35 epitope processing. Interestingly, deregulation of p97/VCP expression, which is an IFN-γ-independent component of the UPS and part of the ER-dependent protein degradation pathway (ERAD), was found to be essentially involved in the observed immune escape. In support, our data demonstrate that re-expression of p97/VCP in Melan-A/MART-126-35 CTL-resistant melanoma cells completely restored immune recognition by Melan-A/MART-126-35 CTL. In conclusion, our experiments show that impaired expression of IFN-γ-independent components of the UPS can exert rapid immune evasion of tumor cells and suggest that tumor antigens processed by distinct UPS degradation pathways should be simultaneously targeted in T cell therapies to restrict the likelihood of immune evasion due to impaired antigen processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Ebstein
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Platz 1/ Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Keller
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Platz 1/ Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Paschen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Walden
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité Platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Seeger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Platz 1/ Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elke Bürger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Platz 1/ Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elke Krüger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Platz 1/ Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Peter-M. Kloetzel
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Platz 1/ Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Kapelle-Ufer 2 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Seifert
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Platz 1/ Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Molekulare und Klinische Immunologie, Medizinische Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Leipzigerstr. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Seaayfan E, Defontaine N, Demaretz S, Zaarour N, Laghmani K. OS9 Protein Interacts with Na-K-2Cl Co-transporter (NKCC2) and Targets Its Immature Form for the Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation Pathway. J Biol Chem 2016. [PMID: 26721884 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.702514.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the renal specific Na-K-2Cl co-transporter (NKCC2) lead to type I Bartter syndrome, a life-threatening kidney disease featuring arterial hypotension along with electrolyte abnormalities. We have previously shown that NKCC2 and its disease-causing mutants are subject to regulation by endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). The aim of the present study was to identify the protein partners specifically involved in ERAD of NKCC2. To this end, we screened a kidney cDNA library through a yeast two-hybrid assay using NKCC2 C terminus as bait. We identified OS9 (amplified in osteosarcomas) as a novel and specific binding partner of NKCC2. Co-immunoprecipitation assays in renal cells revealed that OS9 association involves mainly the immature form of NKCC2. Accordingly, immunocytochemistry analysis showed that NKCC2 and OS9 co-localize at the endoplasmic reticulum. In cells overexpressing OS9, total cellular NKCC2 protein levels were markedly decreased, an effect blocked by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Pulse-chase and cycloheximide-chase assays demonstrated that the marked reduction in the co-transporter protein levels was essentially due to increased protein degradation of the immature form of NKCC2. Conversely, knockdown of OS9 by small interfering RNA increased NKCC2 expression by increasing the co-transporter stability. Inactivation of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor homology domain of OS9 had no effect on its action on NKCC2. In contrast, mutations of NKCC2 N-glycosylation sites abolished the effects of OS9, indicating that OS9-induced protein degradation is N-glycan-dependent. In summary, our results demonstrate the presence of an OS9-mediated ERAD pathway in renal cells that degrades immature NKCC2 proteins. The identification and selective modulation of ERAD components specific to NKCC2 and its disease-causing mutants might provide novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of type I Bartter syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Seaayfan
- From INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, U1138, Paris 75006, France, CNRS, ERL8228, Paris 75006, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75006, France, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris 75005, France
| | - Nadia Defontaine
- From INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, U1138, Paris 75006, France, CNRS, ERL8228, Paris 75006, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75006, France, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris 75005, France
| | - Sylvie Demaretz
- From INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, U1138, Paris 75006, France, CNRS, ERL8228, Paris 75006, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75006, France, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris 75005, France
| | - Nancy Zaarour
- From INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, U1138, Paris 75006, France, CNRS, ERL8228, Paris 75006, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75006, France, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris 75005, France
| | - Kamel Laghmani
- From INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, U1138, Paris 75006, France, CNRS, ERL8228, Paris 75006, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75006, France, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris 75005, France
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45
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Pisoni GB, Molinari M. Five Questions (with their Answers) on ER-Associated Degradation. Traffic 2016; 17:341-50. [PMID: 27004930 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Production of a functional proteome is a major burden for our cells. Native proteins operate inside and outside the cells to eventually warrant life and adaptation to metabolic and environmental changes, there is no doubt that production and inappropriate handling of misfolded proteins may cause severe disease states. This review focuses on protein destruction, which is, paradoxically, a crucial event for cell and organism survival. It regulates the physiological turnover of proteins and the clearance of faulty biosynthetic products. It mainly relies on the intervention of two catabolic machineries, the ubiquitin proteasome system and the (auto)lysosomal system. Here, we have selected five questions dealing with how, why and when proteins produced in the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum are eventually selected for destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Brambilla Pisoni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Università della Svizzera italiana, CH-6900, Lugano, Switzerland.,ETH Zurich, D-BIOL, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Università della Svizzera italiana, CH-6900, Lugano, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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46
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Gericke B, Amiri M, Naim HY. The multiple roles of sucrase-isomaltase in the intestinal physiology. Mol Cell Pediatr 2016; 3:2. [PMID: 26812950 PMCID: PMC4728165 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-016-0033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmotic diarrhea and abdominal pain in humans are oftentimes associated with carbohydrate malabsorption in the small intestine due to loss of function of microvillar disaccharidases. Disaccharidases are crucial for the digestion and the subsequent absorption of carbohydrates. This review focuses on sucrase-isomaltase as the most abundant intestinal disaccharidase and the primary or induced pathological conditions that affect its physiological function. Congenital defects are primary factors which directly influence the transport and function of sucrase-isomaltase in a healthy epithelium. Based on the mutation type and the pattern of inheritance, a mutation in the sucrase-isomaltase gene may exert a variety of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. However, structure and function of wild type sucrase-isomaltase can be also affected by secondary factors which influence its structure and function either specifically via certain inhibitors and therapeutic agents or generally as a part of intestinal pathogenesis, for example in the inflammatory responses. Diagnosis of sucrase-isomaltase deficiency and discriminating it from other gastrointestinal intolerances can be latent in the patients because of common symptoms observed in all of these cases. Here, we summarize the disorders that implicate the digestive function of sucrase-isomaltase as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies utilized to restore normal intestinal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Gericke
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mahdi Amiri
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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47
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Jan Bergmann T, Brambilla Pisoni G, Molinari M. Quality control mechanisms of protein biogenesis: proteostasis dies hard. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2016.4.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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48
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Seaayfan E, Defontaine N, Demaretz S, Zaarour N, Laghmani K. OS9 Protein Interacts with Na-K-2Cl Co-transporter (NKCC2) and Targets Its Immature Form for the Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation Pathway. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:4487-502. [PMID: 26721884 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.702514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the renal specific Na-K-2Cl co-transporter (NKCC2) lead to type I Bartter syndrome, a life-threatening kidney disease featuring arterial hypotension along with electrolyte abnormalities. We have previously shown that NKCC2 and its disease-causing mutants are subject to regulation by endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). The aim of the present study was to identify the protein partners specifically involved in ERAD of NKCC2. To this end, we screened a kidney cDNA library through a yeast two-hybrid assay using NKCC2 C terminus as bait. We identified OS9 (amplified in osteosarcomas) as a novel and specific binding partner of NKCC2. Co-immunoprecipitation assays in renal cells revealed that OS9 association involves mainly the immature form of NKCC2. Accordingly, immunocytochemistry analysis showed that NKCC2 and OS9 co-localize at the endoplasmic reticulum. In cells overexpressing OS9, total cellular NKCC2 protein levels were markedly decreased, an effect blocked by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Pulse-chase and cycloheximide-chase assays demonstrated that the marked reduction in the co-transporter protein levels was essentially due to increased protein degradation of the immature form of NKCC2. Conversely, knockdown of OS9 by small interfering RNA increased NKCC2 expression by increasing the co-transporter stability. Inactivation of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor homology domain of OS9 had no effect on its action on NKCC2. In contrast, mutations of NKCC2 N-glycosylation sites abolished the effects of OS9, indicating that OS9-induced protein degradation is N-glycan-dependent. In summary, our results demonstrate the presence of an OS9-mediated ERAD pathway in renal cells that degrades immature NKCC2 proteins. The identification and selective modulation of ERAD components specific to NKCC2 and its disease-causing mutants might provide novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of type I Bartter syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Seaayfan
- From INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, U1138, Paris 75006, France, CNRS, ERL8228, Paris 75006, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75006, France, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris 75005, France
| | - Nadia Defontaine
- From INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, U1138, Paris 75006, France, CNRS, ERL8228, Paris 75006, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75006, France, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris 75005, France
| | - Sylvie Demaretz
- From INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, U1138, Paris 75006, France, CNRS, ERL8228, Paris 75006, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75006, France, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris 75005, France
| | - Nancy Zaarour
- From INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, U1138, Paris 75006, France, CNRS, ERL8228, Paris 75006, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75006, France, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris 75005, France
| | - Kamel Laghmani
- From INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, U1138, Paris 75006, France, CNRS, ERL8228, Paris 75006, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75006, France, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris 75005, France
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Nasheri N, Ning Z, Figeys D, Yao S, Goto NK, Pezacki JP. Activity-based profiling of the proteasome pathway during hepatitis C virus infection. Proteomics 2015; 15:3815-25. [PMID: 26314548 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection often leads to chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The stability of the HCV proteins is controlled by ubiquitin-dependent and ubiquitin-independent proteasome pathways. Many viruses modulate proteasome function for their propagation. To examine the interrelationship between HCV and the proteasome pathways we employed a quantitative activity-based protein profiling method. Using this approach we were able to quantify the changes in the activity of several proteasome subunits and found that proteasome activity is drastically reduced by HCV replication. The results imply a link between the direct downregulation of the activity of this pathway and chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Nasheri
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Zhibin Ning
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daniel Figeys
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shao Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Natalie K Goto
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Selenoproteins employ selenium to supplement the chemistry available through the common 20 amino acids. These powerful enzymes are affiliated with redox biology, often in connection with the detection, management, and signaling of oxidative stress. Among them, membrane-bound selenoproteins play prominent roles in signaling pathways, Ca(2+) regulation, membrane complexes integrity, and biosynthesis of lipophilic molecules. RECENT ADVANCES The number of selenoproteins whose physiological roles, protein partners, expression, evolution, and biosynthesis are characterized is steadily increasing, thus offering a more nuanced view of this specialized family. This review focuses on human membrane selenoproteins, particularly the five least characterized ones: selenoproteins I, K, N, S, and T. CRITICAL ISSUES Membrane-bound selenoproteins are the least understood, as it is challenging to provide the membrane-like environment required for their biochemical and biophysical characterization. Hence, their studies rely mostly on biological rather than structural and biochemical assays. Another aspect that has not received much attention is the particular role that their membrane association plays in their physiological function. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Findings cited in this review show that it is possible to infer the structure and the membrane-binding mode of these lesser-studied selenoproteins and design experiments to examine the role of the rare amino acid selenocysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware
| | - Sharon Rozovsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware
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