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Chen L, Shi J, Qu X. Metformin Weakens the Angiogenic Potential of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hBMSCs) by Activating Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To study metformin’s effect on the angiogenesis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Cells were treated with metformin (0.5, 1, 10, 50, 100, 200 and 500 βM) for 14 days, followed by analysis of cell viability and total fatty acid profile, level of
VEGFR-2, Tie-2, VE-Cadherin and mTOR signaling protein, cell differentiation by microtubule generation and cell migration by transwell assay. Metformin dose dependently decreased cell survival and reduced palmitate, oleate, stearate and linoleate content. In addition, it downregulated VEGFR-2
and Tie-2 and decreased the angiogenic potential of BMSCs and down-regulated VE-Cadherin. Western blot and PCR analysis showed that metformin activated mTOR signaling and up-regulated the transcription of autophagyrelated genes. Metformin can reduce BMSCs angiogenic potential by regulating
mTOR signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Chen
- Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Surgery, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Miao Autonomous Prefecture, 445000, China
| | - Ji’e Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The People’s Hospital ofZhijiang City, Zhijiang, Hubei, 443200, China
| | - Xiu Qu
- Department of Pain, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, China
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Millet-Boureima C, He S, Le TBU, Gamberi C. Modeling Neoplastic Growth in Renal Cell Carcinoma and Polycystic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3918. [PMID: 33920158 PMCID: PMC8070407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) share several characteristics, including neoplastic cell growth, kidney cysts, and limited therapeutics. As well, both exhibit impaired vasculature and compensatory VEGF activation of angiogenesis. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Ras/Raf/ERK pathways play important roles in regulating cystic and tumor cell proliferation and growth. Both RCC and ADPKD result in hypoxia, where HIF-α signaling is activated in response to oxygen deprivation. Primary cilia and altered cell metabolism may play a role in disease progression. Non-coding RNAs may regulate RCC carcinogenesis and ADPKD through their varied effects. Drosophila exhibits remarkable conservation of the pathways involved in RCC and ADPKD. Here, we review the progress towards understanding disease mechanisms, partially overlapping cellular and molecular dysfunctions in RCC and ADPKD and reflect on the potential for the agile Drosophila genetic model to accelerate discovery science, address unresolved mechanistic aspects of these diseases, and perform rapid pharmacological screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Millet-Boureima
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (C.M.-B.); (S.H.); (T.B.U.L.)
| | - Stephanie He
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (C.M.-B.); (S.H.); (T.B.U.L.)
| | - Thi Bich Uyen Le
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (C.M.-B.); (S.H.); (T.B.U.L.)
- Haematology-Oncology Research Group, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Chiara Gamberi
- Department of Biology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC 29528-6054, USA
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Blanc T, Goudin N, Zaidan M, Traore MG, Bienaime F, Turinsky L, Garbay S, Nguyen C, Burtin M, Friedlander G, Terzi F, Pontoglio M. Three-dimensional architecture of nephrons in the normal and cystic kidney. Kidney Int 2020; 99:632-645. [PMID: 33137337 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Kidney function is crucially dependent on the complex three-dimensional structure of nephrons. Any distortion of their shape may lead to kidney dysfunction. Traditional histological methods present major limitations for three-dimensional tissue reconstruction. Here, we combined tissue clearing, multi-photon microscopy and digital tracing for the reconstruction of single nephrons under physiological and pathological conditions. Sets of nephrons differing in location, shape and size according to their function were identified. Interestingly, nephrons tend to lie in planes. When this technique was applied to a model of cystic kidney disease, cysts were found to develop only in specific nephron segments. Along the same segment, cysts are contiguous within normal non-dilated tubules. Moreover, the shapes of cysts varied according to the nephron segment. Thus, our findings provide a valuable strategy for visualizing the complex structure of kidneys at the single nephron level and, more importantly, provide a basis for understanding pathological processes such as cystogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Blanc
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8253, Université de Paris, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Paris, France; Service de Chirurgie Viscérale et Urologie Pédiatrique, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Goudin
- Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, US24-UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - Mohamad Zaidan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8253, Université de Paris, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Paris, France; Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Frank Bienaime
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8253, Université de Paris, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Paris, France; Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Lisa Turinsky
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8253, Université de Paris, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Paris, France
| | - Serge Garbay
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8253, Université de Paris, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Paris, France
| | - Clément Nguyen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8253, Université de Paris, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Paris, France
| | - Martine Burtin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8253, Université de Paris, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Paris, France
| | - Gérard Friedlander
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8253, Université de Paris, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Paris, France; Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Fabiola Terzi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8253, Université de Paris, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Paris, France.
| | - Marco Pontoglio
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8253, Université de Paris, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Paris, France.
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Shelton EL, Yang HC, Zhong J, Salzman MM, Kon V. Renal lymphatic vessel dynamics. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F1027-F1036. [PMID: 33103446 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00322.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to other organs, renal lymphatics remove excess fluid, solutes, and macromolecules from the renal interstitium. Given the kidney's unique role in maintaining body fluid homeostasis, renal lymphatics may be critical in this process. However, little is known regarding the pathways involved in renal lymphatic vessel function, and there are no studies on the effects of drugs targeting impaired interstitial clearance, such as diuretics. Using pressure myography, we showed that renal lymphatic collecting vessels are sensitive to changes in transmural pressure and have an optimal range of effective pumping. In addition, they are responsive to vasoactive factors known to regulate tone in other lymphatic vessels including prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide, and their spontaneous contractility requires Ca2+ and Cl-. We also demonstrated that Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter Nkcc1, but not Nkcc2, is expressed in extrarenal lymphatic vessels. Furosemide, a loop diuretic that inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporters, induced a dose-dependent dilation in lymphatic vessels and decreased the magnitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions, thereby reducing the ability of these vessels to propel lymph. Ethacrynic acid, another loop diuretic, had no effect on vessel tone. These data represent a significant step forward in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying renal lymphatic vessel function and highlight potential off-target effects of furosemide that may exacerbate fluid accumulation in edema-forming conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine L Shelton
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hai-Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jianyong Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michele M Salzman
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Valentina Kon
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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