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Feng L, Yuan J, Li L, Tang J. Identification of Pyroptosis-Related Molecular Subtypes and Diagnostic Model development in Major Depressive Disorder. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01252-0. [PMID: 39177862 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychological disorder associated with inflammation, with complex pathological mechanisms. Pyroptosis has been suggested to contribute to inflammation in central nervous system diseases. Little research, however, has examined what role pyroptosis played in MDD. In the present study, the differential expression pyroptosis-related genes (DE-PRGs) in MDD were identified from the GEO database (GSE98793 and GSE19738). Then, consensus clustering analysis was used to evaluate differences in MDD molecular subtypes characteristics based on PRGs. The characteristic diagnostic biomarkers for MDD were identified by Weighted Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) and multiple machine learning algorithms. Three intersection genes (GZMA, AKR1C3, and CD52) were obtained, which are expected to become potential biomarkers for MDD with excellent reliability and accuracy. Subsequently, the immune infiltration characteristics result indicated that the development of MDD is mediated by immune-related function, where three DE-PRGs were strongly related to the immune infiltration landscape of MDD. The biological experiments in vitro further proved that three unique PRGs are emerging as important players in MDD diagnosis. Our research aimed to provide novel ideas and biomarkers targeting MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Feng
- Harbin Sport University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiabo Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Li
- Harbin Sport University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Junze Tang
- Harbin Sport University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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2
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Richardson KC, Jung K, Matsubara JA, Choy JC, Granville DJ. Granzyme B in aging and age-related pathologies. Trends Mol Med 2024:S1471-4914(24)00204-1. [PMID: 39181801 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for pathologies that manifest later in life. Much attention is devoted towards elucidating how prolonged environmental exposures and inflammation promote biological (accelerated) tissue aging. Granzymes, a family of serine proteases, are increasingly recognized for their emerging roles in biological aging and disease. Widely recognized as intracellular mediators of cell death, granzymes, particularly granzyme B (GzmB), also accumulate in the extracellular milieu of tissues with age, contributing to chronic tissue injury, inflammation, and impaired healing. Consequently, this has prompted the field to reconsider how GzmB regulation, accumulation, and proteolysis impact health and disease with age. While GzmB is observed in numerous age-related conditions, the current review focuses on mechanistic studies where proof-of-concept has been forwarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlyn C Richardson
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Laboratory, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karen Jung
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Laboratory, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joanne A Matsubara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathan C Choy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Laboratory, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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3
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Pesini C, Artal L, Paúl Bernal J, Sánchez Martinez D, Pardo J, Ramírez-Labrada A. In-depth analysis of the interplay between oncogenic mutations and NK cell-mediated cancer surveillance in solid tumors. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2379062. [PMID: 39036370 PMCID: PMC11259085 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2379062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in antitumoral and antiviral responses. Yet, cancer cells can alter themselves or the microenvironment through the secretion of cytokines or other factors, hindering NK cell activation and promoting a less cytotoxic phenotype. These resistance mechanisms, often referred to as the "hallmarks of cancer" are significantly influenced by the activation of oncogenes, impacting most, if not all, of the described hallmarks. Along with oncogenes, other types of genes, the tumor suppressor genes are frequently mutated or modified during cancer. Traditionally, these genes have been associated with uncontrollable tumor growth and apoptosis resistance. Recent evidence suggests oncogenic mutations extend beyond modulating cell death/proliferation programs, influencing cancer immunosurveillance. While T cells have been more studied, the results obtained highlight NK cells as emerging key protagonists for enhancing tumor cell elimination by modulating oncogenic activity. A few recent studies highlight the crucial role of oncogenic mutations in NK cell-mediated cancer recognition, impacting angiogenesis, stress ligands, and signaling balance within the tumor microenvironment. This review will critically examine recent discoveries correlating oncogenic mutations to NK cell-mediated cancer immunosurveillance, a relatively underexplored area, particularly in the era dominated by immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cells. Building on these insights, we will explore opportunities to improve NK cell-based immunotherapies, which are increasingly recognized as promising alternatives for treating low-antigenic tumors, offering significant advantages in terms of safety and manufacturing suitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Pesini
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Network of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III Health Institute, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Radiology, Pediatry and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Artal
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute of Carbochemistry (ICB-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Paúl Bernal
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diego Sánchez Martinez
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón I + D Foundation (ARAID), Government of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julián Pardo
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Network of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III Health Institute, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Radiology, Pediatry and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ariel Ramírez-Labrada
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Network of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III Health Institute, Zaragoza, Spain
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Sutton VR, Watt SV, Akhlaghi H, Cipolla DC, Chen KJ, LaSala D, McDonald PP, Beavis PA, Munoz I, Hodel AW, Noori T, Voskoboinik I, Trapani JA. Pharmacologic inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (cathepsin C) does not block in vitro granzyme-mediated target cell killing by CD8 T or NK cells. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1396710. [PMID: 39021839 PMCID: PMC11251990 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1396710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently developed small-molecule inhibitors of the lysosomal protease dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (DPP1), also known as cathepsin C (CatC), can suppress suppurative inflammation in vivo by blocking the processing of zymogenic (pro-) forms of neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs), including neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3, and cathepsin G. DPP1 also plays an important role in activating granzyme serine proteases that are expressed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells. Therefore, it is critical to determine whether DPP1 inhibition can also cause off-target suppression of CTL/NK-cell-mediated killing of virus-infected or malignant cells. Herein, we demonstrate that the processing of human granzymes A and B, transitioning from zymogen to active proteases, is not solely dependent on DPP1. Thus, the killing of target cells by primary human CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and gene-engineered anti-CD19 CAR T cells was not blocked in vitro even after prior exposure to high concentrations of the reversible DPP1 inhibitor brensocatib. Consistent with this observation, the turnover of model granzyme A/B peptide substrates in the human CTL/NK cell lysates was not significantly reduced by brensocatib. In contrast, preincubation with brensocatib almost entirely abolished (>90%) both the cytotoxic activity of mouse CD8+ T cells and granzyme substrate turnover. Overall, our finding that the effects of DPP1 inhibition on human cytotoxic lymphocytes are attenuated in comparison to those of mice indicates that granzyme processing/activation pathways differ between mice and humans. Moreover, the in vitro data suggest that human subjects treated with reversible DPP1 inhibitors, such as brensocatib, are unlikely to experience any appreciable deficits in CTL/NK-cell-mediated immunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien R. Sutton
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sally V. Watt
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hedieh Akhlaghi
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Kuan-Ju Chen
- Insmed Incorporated, Bridgewater, NJ, United States
| | | | | | - Paul A. Beavis
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Isabelle Munoz
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adrian W. Hodel
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tahereh Noori
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ilia Voskoboinik
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joseph A. Trapani
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Miao L, Qin YA, Yang ZJ, Shi WX, Wei XQ, Liu Y, Liu YL. Identification of potential therapeutic targets for plaque vulnerability based on an integrated analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1649-1659. [PMID: 38749785 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study aimed to explore potential hub genes and pathways of plaque vulnerability and to investigate possible therapeutic targets for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS AND RESULTS Four microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), weighted gene coexpression networks (WGCNA) and immune cell infiltration analysis (IIA) were used to identify the genes for plaque vulnerability. Then, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, Disease Ontology, Gene Ontology annotation and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were performed to explore the hub genes. Random forest and artificial neural networks were constructed for validation. Furthermore, the CMap and Herb databases were employed to explore possible therapeutic targets. A total of 168 DEGs with an adjusted P < 0.05 and approximately 1974 IIA genes were identified in GSE62646. Three modules were detected and associated with CAD-Class, including 891 genes that can be found in GSE90074. After removing duplicates, 114 hub genes were used for functional analysis. GO functions identified 157 items, and 6 pathways were enriched for the KEGG pathway at adjusted P < 0.05 (false discovery rate, FDR set at < 0.05). Random forest and artificial neural network models were built based on the GSE48060 and GSE34822 datasets, respectively, to validate the previous hub genes. Five genes (GZMA, GZMB, KLRB1, KLRD1 and TRPM6) were selected, and only two of them (GZMA and GZMB) were screened as therapeutic targets in the CMap and Herb databases. CONCLUSION We performed a comprehensive analysis and validated GZMA and GZMB as a target for plaque vulnerability, which provides a therapeutic strategy for the prevention of ACS. However, whether it can be used as a predictor in blood samples requires further experimental verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Miao
- Department of Cardiology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Affiliated of Guangxi Medical University, 8 Wenchang Road, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Liuzhou, China.
| | - Yue-Ai Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Affiliated of Guangxi Medical University, 8 Wenchang Road, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Liuzhou, China.
| | - Zhi-Jie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Affiliated of Guangxi Medical University, 8 Wenchang Road, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Liuzhou, China.
| | - Wan-Xin Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Affiliated of Guangxi Medical University, 8 Wenchang Road, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Liuzhou, China.
| | - Xin-Qiao Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Affiliated of Guangxi Medical University, 8 Wenchang Road, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Liuzhou, China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Affiliated of Guangxi Medical University, 8 Wenchang Road, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Liuzhou, China.
| | - Yan-Li Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Affiliated of Guangxi Medical University, 8 Wenchang Road, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Liuzhou, China.
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Xu H, Wei Z, Chen B, Wang J, Weng H, Li J, Yang X, Zhao S. Granzyme B PET imaging inflammation and remodeling in myocardial infarction. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:991-1001. [PMID: 37991527 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate whether granzyme B (GzmB)-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent (68 Ga-grazytracer) can characterize cardiac inflammation and remodeling in myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS Rats with MI were subjected to GzmB-targeted PET/CT on post-operative days 1, 3, 6, 14, and 28. Autoradiography, Masson staining, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA were performed to verify the inflammatory response and remodeling after MI in vitro. Rats were treated with GzmB inhibitor Z-IETD-FMK to improve cardiac remodeling. Cardiac function tests were performed by echocardiography at 6 weeks after MI. RESULTS The highest uptake of 68 Ga-grazytracer was observed on day 3 after MI compared with the values obtained on the other days (0.294 ± 0.03% ID/g at 3 days vs. 0.122 ± 0.01% ID/g in the sham group, P < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed significantly high expression of GzmB and CD8, in line with the PET/CT imaging results. Autoradiography revealed 68 Ga-grazytracer accumulation in the infarcted myocardium. The 68 Ga-grazytracer uptake of treated rats was significantly reduced compared with that in the MI groups (0.184 ± 0.03%ID/g vs. 0.286 ± 0.03%ID/g; P < 0.001). Echocardiography showed that the left ventricular ejection fraction was lower in the MI groups than in the ischemia reperfusion group. GzmB inhibitor treatment was shown to be effective in improving cardiac function without significantly shortening infarct size. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the potential of 68 Ga-grazytracer imaging to delineate adverse inflammatory responses and pathological cardiac remodeling, which can help predict heart function. PET/CT imaging-guided therapy may reduce myocardial injury and improve heart function in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchuang Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Rd 8, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zhuxin Wei
- Department of MRI, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beilishi Rd 167, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Bixi Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Department of MRI, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beilishi Rd 167, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Haoyu Weng
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Rd 8, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Rd 8, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Rd 8, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Shihua Zhao
- Department of MRI, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beilishi Rd 167, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
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Obasanmi G, Zeglinski MR, Hardie E, Wilhelm AC, Turner CT, Hiroyasu S, Boivin WA, Tian Y, Zhao H, To E, Cui JZ, Xi J, Yoo HS, Uppal M, Granville DJ, Matsubara JA. Granzyme B Contributes to Choroidal Neovascularization and Age-Related Macular Degeneration Through Proteolysis of Thrombospondin-1. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100123. [PMID: 36849037 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible central vision loss in the elderly. The pathology of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), also known as wet AMD, is associated with an abnormal blood vessel growth in the eye and involves an imbalance of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. Thrombospondin (TSP)-1 and TSP-2 are endogenous matricellular proteins that inhibit angiogenesis. TSP-1 is significantly diminished in eyes with AMD, although the mechanisms involved in its reduction are unknown. Granzyme B (GzmB) is a serine protease with an increased extracellular activity in the outer retina and choroid of human eyes with nAMD-related choroidal neovascularization (CNV). This study investigated whether TSP-1 and TSP-2 are GzmB substrates using in silico and cell-free cleavage assays and explored the relationship between GzmB and TSP-1 in human eyes with nAMD-related CNV and the effect of GzmB on TSP-1 in retinal pigment epithelial culture and an explant choroid sprouting assay (CSA). In this study, TSP-1 and TSP-2 were identified as GzmB substrates. Cell-free cleavage assays substantiated the GzmB proteolysis of TSP-1 and TSP-2 by showing dose-dependent and time-dependent cleavage products. TSP-1 and TSP-2 proteolysis were hindered by the inhibition of GzmB. In the retinal pigment epithelium and choroid of human eyes with CNV, we observed a significant inverse correlation between TSP-1 and GzmB, as indicated by lower TSP-1 and higher GzmB immunoreactivity. In CSA, the vascular sprouting area increased significantly with GzmB treatment and reduced significantly with TSP-1 treatment. Western blot showed significantly reduced expression of TSP-1 in GzmB-treated retinal pigment epithelial cell culture and CSA supernatant compared with that in controls. Together, our findings suggest that the proteolysis of antiangiogenic factors such as TSP-1 by extracellular GzmB might represent a mechanism through which GzmB may contribute to nAMD-related CNV. Future studies are needed to investigate whether pharmacologic inhibition of extracellular GzmB can mitigate nAMD-related CNV by preserving intact TSP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Obasanmi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew R Zeglinski
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ella Hardie
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anna-Catharina Wilhelm
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher T Turner
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sho Hiroyasu
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wendy A Boivin
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eleanor To
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jing Z Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeanne Xi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hyung-Suk Yoo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Manjosh Uppal
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joanne A Matsubara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Construction of an enhanced computed tomography radiomics model for non-invasively predicting granzyme A in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by machine learning. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:3353-3364. [PMID: 36920557 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-07909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Classical prognostic indicators of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) can no longer meet the clinical needs of precision medicine. This study aimed to establish a radiomics model to predict Granzyme A (GZMA) expression in patients with HNSCC. METHODS We downloaded transcriptomic data of HNSCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas for prognosis analysis and then used corresponding enhanced computed tomography (CT) images from The Cancer Imaging Archive for feature extraction and model construction. We explored the influence of differences in GZMA expression on signaling pathways and analyzed the potential molecular mechanism and its relationship with immune cell infiltration. Subsequently, non-invasive CT radiomics models were established to predict the expression of GZMA mRNA and evaluate the correlation with the radiomics-score (Rad-score), related genes, and prognosis. RESULTS We found that GZMA was highly expressed in tumor tissues, and high GZMA expression was a protective factor for overall survival. The degree of B and T lymphocyte and natural killer cell infiltration was significantly correlated with GZMA expression. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the Relief GBM and RFE_GBM radiomics models had good predictive ability, and there were significant differences in the Rad-score distribution between the high- and low-GZMA-expression groups. CONCLUSIONS GZMA expression can significantly affect the prognosis of patients with HNSCC. Enhanced CT radiomics models can effectively predict the expression of GZMA mRNA.
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Chaszczewska-Markowska M, Górna K, Bogunia-Kubik K, Brzecka A, Kosacka M. The Influence of Comorbidities on Chemokine and Cytokine Profile in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients: Preliminary Results. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030801. [PMID: 36769452 PMCID: PMC9918226 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is frequently associated with a chronic inflammatory state and cardiovascular/metabolic complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of certain comorbidities on a panel of 45 chemokines and cytokines in OSA patients with special regard to their possible association with cardiovascular diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 61 newly diagnosed OSA patients. For the measurement of the plasma concentration of chemokines and cytokines, the magnetic bead-based multiplex assay for the Luminex® platform was used. RESULTS In the patients with concomitant COPD, there were increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (CCL11, CD-40 ligand) and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), while in diabetes, there were increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TRIAL). Obesity was associated with increased levels of both pro-inflammatory (IL-13) and anti-inflammatory (IL-1RA) cytokines. Hypertension was associated with increased levels of both pro-inflammatory (CCL3) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines. Increased daytime pCO2, low mean nocturnal SaO2, and the oxygen desaturation index were associated with increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (CXCL1, PDGF-AB, TNF-α, and IL-15). CONCLUSIONS In OSA patients with concomitant diabetes and COPD, elevated levels of certain pro-inflammatory and decreased levels of certain anti-inflammatory cytokines may favor the persistence of a chronic inflammatory state with further consequences. Nocturnal hypoxemia, frequent episodes of desaturation, and increased daytime pCO2 are factors contributing to the chronic inflammatory state in OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Chaszczewska-Markowska
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Górna
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Brzecka
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 53-439 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Kosacka
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 53-439 Wroclaw, Poland
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10
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Richardson KC, Jung K, Pardo J, Turner CT, Granville DJ. Noncytotoxic Roles of Granzymes in Health and Disease. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:323-348. [PMID: 35820180 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00011.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Granzymes are serine proteases previously believed to play exclusive and somewhat redundant roles in lymphocyte-mediated target cell death. However, recent studies have challenged this paradigm. Distinct substrate profiles and functions have since emerged for each granzyme while their dysregulated proteolytic activities have been linked to diverse pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlyn C Richardson
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karen Jung
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julian Pardo
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Radiology, Pediatrics and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Christopher T Turner
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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11
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Dubchak E, Obasanmi G, Zeglinski MR, Granville DJ, Yeung SN, Matsubara JA. Potential role of extracellular granzyme B in wet age-related macular degeneration and fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:980742. [PMID: 36204224 PMCID: PMC9531149 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.980742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related ocular diseases are the leading cause of blindness in developed countries and constitute a sizable socioeconomic burden worldwide. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) are some of the most common age-related diseases of the retina and cornea, respectively. AMD is characterized by a breakdown of the retinal pigment epithelial monolayer, which maintains retinal homeostasis, leading to retinal degeneration, while FECD is characterized by degeneration of the corneal endothelial monolayer, which maintains corneal hydration status, leading to corneal edema. Both AMD and FECD pathogenesis are characterized by disorganized local extracellular matrix (ECM) and toxic protein deposits, with both processes linked to aberrant protease activity. Granzyme B (GrB) is a serine protease traditionally known for immune-mediated initiation of apoptosis; however, it is now recognized that GrB is expressed by a variety of immune and non-immune cells and aberrant extracellular localization of GrB substantially contributes to various age-related pathologies through dysregulated cleavage of ECM, tight junction, and adherens junction proteins. Despite growing recognition of GrB involvement in multiple age-related pathologies, its role in AMD and FECD remains poorly understood. This review summarizes the pathophysiology of, and similarities between AMD and FECD, outlines the current knowledge of the role of GrB in AMD and FECD, as well as hypothesizes putative contributions of GrB to AMD and FECD pathogenesis and highlights the therapeutic potential of pharmacologically inhibiting GrB as an adjunctive treatment for AMD and FECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Dubchak
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gideon Obasanmi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew R. Zeglinski
- ICORD Centre and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David J. Granville
- ICORD Centre and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sonia N. Yeung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joanne A. Matsubara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Joanne A. Matsubara,
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12
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Yip HF, Chowdhury D, Wang K, Liu Y, Gao Y, Lan L, Zheng C, Guan D, Lam KF, Zhu H, Tai X, Lu A. ReDisX, a machine learning approach, rationalizes rheumatoid arthritis and coronary artery disease patients uniquely upon identifying subpopulation differentiation markers from their genomic data. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:931860. [PMID: 36072953 PMCID: PMC9441882 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.931860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases originate at the molecular-genetic layer, manifest through altered biochemical homeostasis, and develop symptoms later. Hence, symptomatic diagnosis is inadequate to explain the underlying molecular-genetic abnormality and individual genomic disparities. The current trends include molecular-genetic information relying on algorithms to recognize the disease subtypes through gene expressions. Despite their disposition toward disease-specific heterogeneity and cross-disease homogeneity, a gap still exists in describing the extent of homogeneity within the heterogeneous subpopulation of different diseases. They are limited to obtaining the holistic sense of the whole genome-based diagnosis resulting in inaccurate diagnosis and subsequent management. Addressing those ambiguities, our proposed framework, ReDisX, introduces a unique classification system for the patients based on their genomic signatures. In this study, it is a scalable machine learning algorithm deployed to re-categorize the patients with rheumatoid arthritis and coronary artery disease. It reveals heterogeneous subpopulations within a disease and homogenous subpopulations across different diseases. Besides, it identifies granzyme B (GZMB) as a subpopulation-differentiation marker that plausibly serves as a prominent indicator for GZMB-targeted drug repurposing. The ReDisX framework offers a novel strategy to redefine disease diagnosis through characterizing personalized genomic signatures. It may rejuvenate the landscape of precision and personalized diagnosis and a clue to drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu F. Yip
- Computational Medicine Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Debajyoti Chowdhury
- Computational Medicine Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Neurosurgery Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Liang Lan
- Department of Communication Studies, School of Communication, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chaochao Zheng
- Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daogang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kei F. Lam
- Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hailong Zhu
- Computational Medicine Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuecheng Tai
- Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Computational Medicine Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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13
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Garcinuño S, Gil-Etayo FJ, Mancebo E, López-Nevado M, Lalueza A, Díaz-Simón R, Pleguezuelo DE, Serrano M, Cabrera-Marante O, Allende LM, Paz-Artal E, Serrano A. Effective Natural Killer Cell Degranulation Is an Essential Key in COVID-19 Evolution. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126577. [PMID: 35743021 PMCID: PMC9224310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NK degranulation plays an important role in the cytotoxic activity of innate immunity in the clearance of intracellular infections and is an important factor in the outcome of the disease. This work has studied NK degranulation and innate immunological profiles and functionalities in COVID-19 patients and its association with the severity of the disease. A prospective observational study with 99 COVID-19 patients was conducted. Patients were grouped according to hospital requirements and severity. Innate immune cell subpopulations and functionalities were analyzed. The profile and functionality of innate immune cells differ between healthy controls and severe patients; CD56dim NK cells increased and MAIT cells and NK degranulation rates decreased in the COVID-19 subjects. Higher degranulation rates were observed in the non-severe patients and in the healthy controls compared to the severe patients. Benign forms of the disease had a higher granzymeA/granzymeB ratio than complex forms. In a multivariate analysis, the degranulation capacity resulted in a protective factor against severe forms of the disease (OR: 0.86), whereas the permanent expression of NKG2D in NKT cells was an independent risk factor (OR: 3.81; AUC: 0.84). In conclusion, a prompt and efficient degranulation functionality in the early stages of infection could be used as a tool to identify patients who will have a better evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Garcinuño
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
| | - Francisco Javier Gil-Etayo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Mancebo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta López-Nevado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
| | - Antonio Lalueza
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Raquel Díaz-Simón
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Daniel Enrique Pleguezuelo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Cabrera-Marante
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M. Allende
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Paz-Artal
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Serrano
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-652-085-293
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14
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Yang Y, Yi X, Cai Y, Zhang Y, Xu Z. Immune-Associated Gene Signatures and Subtypes to Predict the Progression of Atherosclerotic Plaques Based on Machine Learning. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:865624. [PMID: 35559253 PMCID: PMC9086243 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.865624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Our study was conducted for uncovering the roles of immune-associated genes during atherosclerotic plaque progression. Methods: Gene expression profiling of GSE28829, GSE43292, GSE41571, and GSE120521 datasets was retrieved from the GEO database. Three machine learning algorithms, least absolute shrinkage, and selection operator (LASSO), random forest, and support vector machine–recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) were utilized for screening characteristic genes among atherosclerotic plaque progression- and immune-associated genes. ROC curves were generated for estimating the diagnostic efficacy. Immune cell infiltrations were estimated via ssGSEA, and immune checkpoints were quantified. CMap analysis was implemented to screen potential small-molecule compounds. Atherosclerotic plaque specimens were classified using a consensus clustering approach. Results: Seven characteristic genes (TNFSF13B, CCL5, CCL19, ITGAL, CD14, GZMB, and BTK) were identified, which enabled the prediction of progression of atherosclerotic plaques. Higher immune cell infiltrations and immune checkpoint expressions were found in advanced-stage than in early-stage atherosclerotic plaques and were positively linked to characteristic genes. Patients could clinically benefit from the characteristic gene-based nomogram. Several small molecular compounds were predicted based on the characteristic genes. Two subtypes, namely, C1 immune subtype and C2 non-immune subtype, were classified across atherosclerotic plaques. The characteristic genes presented higher expression in C1 than in C2 subtypes. Conclusion: Our findings provide several promising atherosclerotic plaque progression- and immune-associated genes as well as immune subtypes, which might enable to assist the design of more accurately tailored cardiovascular immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Yang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Yi
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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15
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Lv M, Qiu X, Wang J, Wang Y, Liu Q, Zhou H, Zhang A, Wang X. Regulation of Il-2 on the expression of granzyme B- and perforin-like genes and its functional implication in grass carp peripheral blood neutrophils. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 124:472-479. [PMID: 35483596 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Granzyme (Gzm) B and perforin, both as cytotoxic proteins, can collaborate to induce the death of target cells as well as the microbes. They were originally discovered in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells and confer the cytotoxic activities of these cells. In the present study, the coding sequences of a granzyme b-like (gcgzmbl) and a perforin-like (gcprfl) genes were cloned from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and their specific antibodies were subsequently prepared and validated. The mRNA and protein expression of these two cytotoxic proteins in grass carp peripheral blood neutrophils was demonstrated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. In the same cell model, expression of gcGzmbl and gcPrfl was stimulated by grass carp interleukin (Il)-2 in a dose- and time-dependent manners and Erk, NF-κB and Stat5 pathways were found to be involved in the regulation of Il-2 on the genes' expression. Additionally, glycolysis was proved to play a role in the stimulation of Il-2 on gcGzmbl and gcPrfl expression in peripheral blood neutrophils. As combating the invading microorganisms is one of the main functions of neutrophils, the roles of gcGzmbl and gcPrfl in the anti-bacterial activities of grass carp peripheral blood neutrophils were explored. Results showed that immunoneutralization of gcGzmbl or gcPrfl significantly attenuated the antimicrobial abilities of the neutrophils enhanced by Il-2. These findings shed a light on the expression, regulation and functions of granzyme B- and perforin-like proteins in fish peripheral blood neutrophils and enrich the understanding of Il-2 function in fish innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Lv
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xingyang Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jiankang Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yawen Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Anying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.
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16
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Tan X, Dai Q, Sun H, Jiang W, Lu S, Wang R, Lv M, Sun X, Lv N, Dai Q. Systematic Bioinformatics Analysis Based on Public and Second-Generation Sequencing Transcriptome Data: A Study on the Diagnostic Value and Potential Mechanisms of Immune-Related Genes in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:863248. [PMID: 35498008 PMCID: PMC9046674 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.863248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most serious cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Advances in genomics have provided new ideas for the development of novel molecular biomarkers of potential clinical value for AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Tan
- Department of Center of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qingli Dai
- Department of Ultrasound, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Huang Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenqing Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Si Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruxian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Meirong Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xianfeng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Naying Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qingyuan Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Qingyuan Dai
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17
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Heterogeneity induced GZMA-F2R communication inefficient impairs antitumor immunotherapy of PD-1 mAb through JAK2/STAT1 signal suppression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:213. [PMID: 35256589 PMCID: PMC8901912 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity has been associated with immunotherapy and targeted drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, communications between tumor and cytotoxic cells are poorly understood to date. In the present study, thirty-one clusters of cells were discovered in the tumor tissues and adjacent tissues through single-cell sequencing. Moreover, the quantity and function exhaustion of cytotoxic cells was observed to be induced in tumors by the TCR and apoptosis signal pathways. Furthermore, granzyme failure of cytotoxic cells was observed in HCC patients. Importantly, the GZMA secreted by cytotoxic cells was demonstrated to interact with the F2R expressed by the tumor cells both in vivo and in vitro. This interaction induced tumor suppression and T cell-mediated killing of tumor cells via the activation of the JAK2/STAT1 signaling pathway. Mechanistically, the activation of JAK2/STAT1 signaling promoted apoptosis under the mediating effect of the LDPRSFLL motif at the N-terminus of F2R, which interacted with GZMA. In addition, GZMA and F2R were positively correlated with PD-1 and PD-L1 in tumor tissues, while the expressions of F2R and GZMA promoted PD-1 mAb-induced tumor suppression in both mouse model and HCC patients. Finally, in HCC patients, a low expression of GZMA and F2R in the tumor tissues was correlated with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics and poor prognosis. Collectively, GZMA-F2R communication inefficient induces deficient PD-1 mAb therapy and provide a completely novel immunotherapy strategy for tumor suppression in HCC patients.
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18
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Expression of Fibrosis-Related Genes in Liver and Kidney Fibrosis in Comparison to Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030314. [PMID: 35159124 PMCID: PMC8834113 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is an important feature of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but its pathogenesis is incompletely understood. Our aim was to identify genes important for fibrosis in IBD by comparison with kidney and liver fibrosis. First, we performed bioinformatics analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus datasets of liver and kidney fibrosis and identified CXCL9, THBS2, MGP, PTPRC, CD52, GZMA, DPT and DCN as potentially important genes with altered expression in fibrosis. We then performed qPCR analysis of the selected genes’ expression on samples of fibrotic kidney, liver, Crohn’s disease (CD) with and without fibrosis and ulcerative colitis (UC), in comparison to corresponding normal tissue. We found significantly altered expression in fibrosis for all selected genes. A significant difference for some genes was observed in CD with fibrosis in comparison to CD without fibrosis and UC. We conclude that similar changes in the expression of selected genes in liver, kidney fibrosis and IBD provide further evidence that fibrosis in IBD might share common mechanisms with other organs, supporting the hypothesis that fibrosis is the common pathway in diseases of various organs. Some genes were already active in IBD with inflammation without fibrosis, suggesting the early activation of profibrotic pathways or overlapping function in fibrosis and inflammation.
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19
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Theocharidis G, Thomas BE, Sarkar D, Mumme HL, Pilcher WJR, Dwivedi B, Sandoval-Schaefer T, Sîrbulescu RF, Kafanas A, Mezghani I, Wang P, Lobao A, Vlachos IS, Dash B, Hsia HC, Horsley V, Bhasin SS, Veves A, Bhasin M. Single cell transcriptomic landscape of diabetic foot ulcers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:181. [PMID: 35013299 PMCID: PMC8748704 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27801-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) is a devastating complication of diabetes whose pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Here, we profile 174,962 single cells from the foot, forearm, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells using single-cell RNA sequencing. Our analysis shows enrichment of a unique population of fibroblasts overexpressing MMP1, MMP3, MMP11, HIF1A, CHI3L1, and TNFAIP6 and increased M1 macrophage polarization in the DFU patients with healing wounds. Further, analysis of spatially separated samples from the same patient and spatial transcriptomics reveal preferential localization of these healing associated fibroblasts toward the wound bed as compared to the wound edge or unwounded skin. Spatial transcriptomics also validates our findings of higher abundance of M1 macrophages in healers and M2 macrophages in non-healers. Our analysis provides deep insights into the wound healing microenvironment, identifying cell types that could be critical in promoting DFU healing, and may inform novel therapeutic approaches for DFU treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Theocharidis
- The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics and Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beena E Thomas
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics and Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Debasree Sarkar
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics and Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hope L Mumme
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics and Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William J R Pilcher
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics and Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bhakti Dwivedi
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Ruxandra F Sîrbulescu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonios Kafanas
- Lincoln County Hospital, Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust, Scunthorpe, UK
| | - Ikram Mezghani
- The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics and Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics and Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonio Lobao
- The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics and Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ioannis S Vlachos
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Biraja Dash
- Yale Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery-Wound Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Henry C Hsia
- Yale Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery-Wound Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Swati S Bhasin
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics and Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aristidis Veves
- The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics and Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Manoj Bhasin
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics and Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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20
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Transcriptomics Changes in the Peritoneum of Mice with Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Peritonitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313008. [PMID: 34884814 PMCID: PMC8657704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritonitis caused by LPS is a severe clinical challenge, which causes organ damage and death. However, the mechanism of LPS-induced peritonitis has not been fully revealed yet. Here, we investigated the transcriptome profile of the peritoneal tissue of LPS-induced peritonitis in mice. A model of LPS-induced peritonitis in mice was established (LPS 10 mg/kg, i.p.), and the influence of TAK 242 (TLR4 inhibitor) on the level of inflammatory cytokines in mouse peritoneal lavage fluid was investigated by using an ELISA test. Next, the peritoneal tissues of the three groups of mice (Control, LPS, and LPS+TAK 242) (n = 6) were isolated and subjected to RNA-seq, followed by a series of bioinformatics analyses, including differentially expressed genes (DEGs), enrichment pathway, protein-protein interaction, and transcription factor pathway. Then, qPCR verified-hub genes that may interact with TAK 242 were obtained. Subsequently, the three-dimensional structure of hub proteins was obtained by using homology modeling and molecular dynamics optimization (300 ns). Finally, the virtual docking between TAK 242 and hub proteins was analyzed. Our results showed that TAK 242 significantly inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines in the peritoneal lavage fluid of mice with peritonitis, including IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-1β, NO, and TNF-α. Compared with the Control group, LPS treatment induced 4201 DEGs (2442 down-regulated DEGs and 1759 up-regulated DEGs). Compared with the LPS group, 30 DEGs were affected by TAK 242 (8 down-regulated DEGs and 22 up-regulated DEGs). A total of 10 TAK 242-triggered hub genes were obtained, and the possible docking modes between TAK 242 and hub proteins were acquired. Overall, our data demonstrated that a large number of DEGs were affected in LPS-triggered peritonitis mice. Moreover, the TLR4 inhibitor TAK 242 is capable of suppressing the inflammatory response of LPS-induced peritonitis. Our work provides clues for understanding the pathogenesis of LPS-induced peritonitis in mice.
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21
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Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic relevance of gasdermin E in human diseases. Cell Signal 2021; 90:110189. [PMID: 34774988 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Gasdermin E (GSDME) is one of the main members of the GSDM family and is originally involved in hereditary hearing loss. Recent studies have reported that GSDME expression is epigenetically silenced by methylation in several common tumours, thereby enhancing tumour proliferation and metastasis. GSDME is also downregulated in cancer tissues compared with normal tissues, which suggests that GSDME can be considered a tumour suppressor. Furthermore, GSDME is the effector protein of caspase-3 and granzyme B in pyroptosis, and it plays a significant role in innate immunity, tissue damage, cancer, and hearing loss, thus revealing potential novel therapeutic avenues. A great deal of evidence reveals that GSDME can be implemented as a biomarker in cancer diagnosis and monitoring, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and chemoresistance. Based on the current knowledge of GSDME, this review is focussed on its mechanism of action and the most recent advances in its role in cancer and normal physiology.
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22
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de Miguel D, Ramirez-Labrada A, Uranga I, Hidalgo S, Santiago L, Galvez EM, Arias M, Pardo J. Inflammatory cell death induced by cytotoxic lymphocytes: a dangerous but necessary liaison. FEBS J 2021; 289:4398-4415. [PMID: 34174027 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CLs), and more specifically Tc and NK cells, are the main executors of cell death in the immune system, playing a key role during both immunosurveillance and immunotherapy. These cells induce regulated cell death (RCD) by different mechanisms, being granular exocytosis and expression of death ligands the most prominent and best characterized ones. Apoptosis, a traditionally considered low-inflammatory type of cell death, has been accepted for years as the paradigm of RCD induced by CLs. However, several recent studies have demonstrated that NK cells and Tc cells can also induce more inflammatory forms of cell death, namely, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Activation of these highly inflammatory types of cell death appears to critically contribute to the activation of a successful antitumour immune response. Additionally, the role of specific cell death pathways in immunogenic cell death is still under intense debate, especially considering the interconnections with other inflammatory forms of cell death. These evidences, together with the advent of new cancer immunotherapies, highlight the necessity to deepen our understanding of the link between the cell death triggered by CLs and inflammation. This knowledge will be instrumental to maximize the antitumour potential of immunotherapies, minimizing deleterious effects associated with these treatments. In this review, we will briefly summarize the main features of apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, to subsequently discuss the most recent evidences about the role of these RCD pathways during the elimination of cancer cells mediated by CLs and its modulation to increase the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego de Miguel
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ariel Ramirez-Labrada
- Unidad de Nanotoxicología e Inmunotoxicología (UNATI), Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Iratxe Uranga
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sandra Hidalgo
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Llipsy Santiago
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Maykel Arias
- Instituto de Carboquímica ICB-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julián Pardo
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Spain.,Aragón I + D Foundation (ARAID), Government of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
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23
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Czubryt MP, Hale TM. Cardiac fibrosis: Pathobiology and therapeutic targets. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110066. [PMID: 34146658 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is characteristic of the end stage in nearly all forms of heart disease. Accumulation of extracellular matrix in the myocardium leads to increased risk of arrhythmia and impaired cardiac function, and ultimately progression to heart failure. Despite the critical need to slow or reverse development of cardiac fibrosis to maintain cardiac function, there are no approved therapies that directly target the extracellular matrix. Research into the underlying causes and therapeutic targets has been hampered, in part, by the lack of a clear marker for cardiac fibroblasts - the cells responsible for regulating extracellular matrix turnover. Lineage tracing studies as well as single-cell RNA sequencing studies have provided new insights into cardiac fibroblast origins and heterogeneity. Moreover, a greater understanding of pathways governing fibroblast activation during ischemic and non-ischemic cardiac remodeling and their communication with other inflammatory and cardiac cells may lead to novel therapeutic targets to slow or reverse fibrotic remodeling. The special issue of Cellular Signaling entitled "Cardiac Fibrosis: Pathobiology and Therapeutic Targets" is comprised of review articles in which these topics, as well as important open questions for future investigation, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Czubryt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Taben M Hale
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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24
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Li T, Yang C, Jing J, Sun L, Yuan Y. Granzyme K - A novel marker to identify the presence and rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Int J Cardiol 2021; 338:242-247. [PMID: 34139229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune inflammatory dysfunction is a hallmark of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Granzyme K (GZMK) is involved in the regulation of inflammation. However, the correlation between GZMK expression and AAA risk remains unknown. METHODS This case-control study included 112 AAA patients and 112 controls. Serum GZMK levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry was utilized to determine GZMK expression in aortic tissues. RESULTS Compared with controls, AAA patients had higher levels of serum GZMK, and GZMK expression in AAA tissues was increased and positively associated with its serum levels (r = 0.688, P = 0.019). A positive association of serum GZMK levels with CRP or AAA diameter was confirmed, while there was a relationship between tissue GZMK expression and AAA diameter. The AUC of serum GZMK for AAA diagnosis was 0.78 with the sensitivity and specificity of 62.5% and 81.2%, whereas AUC for rupture detection was 0.76 with a sensitivity of 90.0% and specificity of 51.3%. A combination of clinically used inflammatory parameters with serum GZMK could enhance the accuracy of WBC or CRP alone in detecting AAA or rupture type. Multiple logistic analyses revealed an association of per unit increase of serum GZMK with AAA presence (OR = 1.046, P < 0.001) and its rupture risk (OR = 1.015, P = 0.048) after adjusting for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides proof that elevated GZMK expression both in serum and tissues is correlated with the presence of AAA, and serum GZMK may be a useful non-invasive marker that helps to identify AAA and its rupture risk in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Trauma Center and Department of Burns, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jingjing Jing
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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25
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Li S, van Dijk CGM, Meeldijk J, Kok HM, Blommestein I, Verbakel ALF, Kotte M, Broekhuizen R, Laclé MM, Goldschmeding R, Cheng C, Bovenschen N. Extracellular Granzyme K Modulates Angiogenesis by Regulating Soluble VEGFR1 Release From Endothelial Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:681967. [PMID: 34178673 PMCID: PMC8220216 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.681967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is crucial for normal development and homeostasis, but also plays a role in many diseases including cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Granzymes are serine proteases stored in the granules of cytotoxic cells, and have predominantly been studied for their pro-apoptotic role upon delivery in target cells. A growing body of evidence is emerging that granzymes also display extracellular functions, which largely remain unknown. In the present study, we show that extracellular granzyme K (GrK) inhibits angiogenesis and triggers endothelial cells to release soluble VEGFR1 (sVEGFR1), a decoy receptor that inhibits angiogenesis by sequestering VEGF-A. GrK does not cleave off membrane-bound VEGFR1 from the cell surface, does not release potential sVEGFR1 storage pools from endothelial cells, and does not trigger sVEGFR1 release via protease activating receptor-1 (PAR-1) activation. GrK induces de novo sVEGFR1 mRNA and protein expression and subsequent release of sVEGFR1 from endothelial cells. GrK protein is detectable in human colorectal tumor tissue and its levels positively correlate with sVEGFR1 protein levels and negatively correlate with T4 intratumoral angiogenesis and tumor size. In conclusion, extracellular GrK can inhibit angiogenesis via secretion of sVEGFR1 from endothelial cells, thereby sequestering VEGF-A and impairing VEGFR signaling. Our observation that GrK positively correlates with sVEGFR1 and negatively correlates with angiogenesis in colorectal cancer, suggest that the GrK-sVEGFR1-angiogenesis axis may be a valid target for development of novel anti-angiogenic therapies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Christian G M van Dijk
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jan Meeldijk
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Helena M Kok
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Blommestein
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Annick L F Verbakel
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marit Kotte
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roel Broekhuizen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Miangela M Laclé
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Niels Bovenschen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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26
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Kanoni S, Kumar S, Amerikanou C, Kurth MJ, Stathopoulou MG, Bourgeois S, Masson C, Kannt A, Cesarini L, Kontoe MS, Milanović M, Roig FJ, Beribaka M, Campolo J, Jiménez-Hernández N, Milošević N, Llorens C, Smyrnioudis I, Francino MP, Milić N, Kaliora AC, Trivella MG, Ruddock MW, Medić-Stojanoska M, Gastaldelli A, Lamont J, Deloukas P, Dedoussis GV, Visvikis-Siest S. Nutrigenetic Interactions Might Modulate the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Status in Mastiha-Supplemented Patients With NAFLD. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683028. [PMID: 34025683 PMCID: PMC8138178 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease with no therapeutic consensus. Oxidation and inflammation are hallmarks in the progression of this complex disease, which also involves interactions between the genetic background and the environment. Mastiha is a natural nutritional supplement known to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated how a 6-month Mastiha supplementation (2.1 g/day) could impact the antioxidant and inflammatory status of patients with NAFLD, and whether genetic variants significantly mediate these effects. We recruited 98 patients with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and NAFLD and randomly allocated them to either the Mastiha or the placebo group for 6 months. The anti-oxidative and inflammatory status was assessed at baseline and post-treatment. Genome-wide genetic data was also obtained from all participants, to investigate gene-by-Mastiha interactions. NAFLD patients with severe obesity (BMI > 35kg/m2) taking the Mastiha had significantly higher total antioxidant status (TAS) compared to the corresponding placebo group (P value=0.008). We did not observe any other significant change in the investigated biomarkers as a result of Mastiha supplementation alone. We identified several novel gene-by-Mastiha interaction associations with levels of cytokines and antioxidant biomarkers. Some of the identified genetic loci are implicated in the pathological pathways of NAFLD, including the lanosterol synthase gene (LSS) associated with glutathione peroxidase activity (Gpx) levels, the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier-1 gene (MPC1) and the sphingolipid transporter-1 gene (SPNS1) associated with hemoglobin levels, the transforming growth factor‐beta‐induced gene (TGFBI) and the micro-RNA 129-1 (MIR129-1) associated with IL-6 and the granzyme B gene (GZMB) associated with IL-10 levels. Within the MAST4HEALTH randomized clinical trial (NCT03135873, www.clinicaltrials.gov) Mastiha supplementation improved the TAS levels among NAFLD patients with severe obesity. We identified several novel genome-wide significant nutrigenetic interactions, influencing the antioxidant and inflammatory status in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Satish Kumar
- EA_1122, IGE-PCV, Université de Loraine, Nancy, France
| | - Charalampia Amerikanou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Mary Jo Kurth
- Randox Laboratories Ltd (RANDOX), Crumlin, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephane Bourgeois
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aimo Kannt
- Fraunhofer Institute of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lucia Cesarini
- ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maja Milanović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Francisco J Roig
- Biotechvana, Parc Científic, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mirjana Beribaka
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Technology Zvornik, University of East Sarajevo, Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jonica Campolo
- ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Physiology National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nuria Jiménez-Hernández
- Area de Genòmica i Salut, Fundació per al Foment de la Investigació Sanitária i Biomèdica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO-Salut Pública), Valencia, Spain.,CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Llorens
- Biotechvana, Parc Científic, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - M Pilar Francino
- Area de Genòmica i Salut, Fundació per al Foment de la Investigació Sanitária i Biomèdica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO-Salut Pública), Valencia, Spain.,CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nataša Milić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Andriana C Kaliora
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Giovanna Trivella
- ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Physiology National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mark W Ruddock
- Randox Laboratories Ltd (RANDOX), Crumlin, United Kingdom
| | - Milica Medić-Stojanoska
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - John Lamont
- Randox Laboratories Ltd (RANDOX), Crumlin, United Kingdom
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Genomic Health, Life Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - George V Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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27
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Endothelial Protease Activated Receptor 1 (PAR1) Signalling Is Required for Lymphocyte Transmigration across Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122723. [PMID: 33371217 PMCID: PMC7766634 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) relies on ICAM-1 engagement on the luminal surface of the endothelial cells (ECs). In blood–brain barrier (BBB) ECs, ICAM-1 triggers TEM signalling, including through JNK MAP kinase and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which lead to the phosphorylation and internalisation of the adherens junction protein VE-cadherin. In addition to ICAM-1, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are also required for lymphocytes TEM across BBB ECs. Here, we investigated the role of protease activated GPCRs (PARs) and found a specific role for PAR1 in support of lymphocyte TEM across BBB ECs in vitro. PAR1 requirement for TEM was confirmed using protease inhibitors, specific small molecule and peptide antagonists, function blocking antibodies and siRNA-mediated knockdown. In BBB ECs, PAR1 stimulation led to activation of signalling pathways essential to TEM; notably involving JNK and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), with the latter downstream of AMPK. In turn, nitric oxide production through eNOS was essential for TEM by modulating VE-cadherin on Y731. Collectively, our data showed that non-canonical PAR1 activation by a lymphocyte-released serine protease is required for lymphocyte TEM across the BBB in vitro, and that this feeds into previously established ICAM-1-mediated endothelial TEM signalling pathways.
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