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Yu T, Lok BH. PARP inhibitor resistance mechanisms and PARP inhibitor derived imaging probes. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024; 24:989-1008. [PMID: 39199000 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2398494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibition has become a major target in anticancer therapy. While PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are approved for homologous recombination (HR) deficient cancers, therapeutic resistance is a challenge and PARPi are now being investigated in cancers lacking HR deficiencies. This creates a need to develop molecular and imaging biomarkers of PARPi response to improve patient selection and circumvent therapeutic resistance. AREAS COVERED PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov were queried for studies on PARPi resistance and imaging. This review summarizes established and emerging resistance mechanisms to PARPi, and the current state of imaging and theragnostic probes for PARPi, including fluorescently labeled and radiolabeled probes. EXPERT OPINION While progress has been made in understanding PARPi therapeutic resistance, clinical evidence remains lacking and relatively little is known regarding PARPi response outside of HR deficiencies. Continued research will clarify the importance of known biomarkers and resistance mechanisms in patient cohorts and the broader utility of PARPi. Progress has also been made in PARPi imaging, particularly with radiolabeled probes, and both imaging and theragnostic probes have now reached clinical validation. Reducing abdominal background signal from probe clearance will broaden their applicability, and improvements to molecular synthesis and radiation delivery will increase their utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Yu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin H Lok
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Feng B, Yu H, Dong X, Díaz-Holguín A, Antolin AA, Hu H. Combining Data-Driven and Structure-Based Approaches in Designing Dual PARP1-BRD4 Inhibitors for Breast Cancer Treatment. J Chem Inf Model 2024. [PMID: 39292752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of many cancers with DNA-repairing deficiencies via synthetic lethality. Advocated by the polypharmacology concept, recent evidence discovered that a significantly synergistic effect in increasing the death of cancer cells was observed by simultaneously perturbating the enzymatic activities of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) and PARP1. Here, we developed a novel cheminformatics approach combined with a structure-based method aiming to facilitate the design of dual PARP1-BRD4 inhibitors. Instead of linking pharmacophores, the developed approach first identified merged pharmacophores (a pool of amide-containing ring systems), from which phenanthridin-6(5H)-one was further prioritized. Based on this starting point, several small molecules were rationally designed, among which HF4 exhibited low micromolar inhibitory activity against BRD4 and PARP1, particularly exhibiting strong inhibition of BRD4 BD1 with an IC50 value of 204 nM. Furthermore, it demonstrated potent antiproliferative effects against breast cancer gene-deficient and proficient breast cancer cell lines by arresting cell cycle progression and impeding DNA damage repair. Collectively, our systematic efforts to design lead-like molecules have the potential to open doors for the exploration of dual PARP1-BRD4 inhibitors as a promising avenue for breast cancer treatment. Furthermore, the developed approach can be extended to systematically design inhibitors targeting PARP1 and other related targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yu
- Information School, University of Sheffield, 211 Portobello, Sheffield, S1 4DP, U.K
| | - Xu Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, P. R. China
| | - Alejandro Díaz-Holguín
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 596, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert A Antolin
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, U.K
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia 08907, Spain
| | - Huabin Hu
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 596, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, U.K
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3
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Gu X, Wei S, Lv X. Circulating tumor cells: from new biological insights to clinical practice. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:226. [PMID: 39218931 PMCID: PMC11366768 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary reason for high mortality rates among cancer patients is metastasis, where tumor cells migrate through the bloodstream from the original site to other parts of the body. Recent advancements in technology have significantly enhanced our comprehension of the mechanisms behind the bloodborne spread of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). One critical process, DNA methylation, regulates gene expression and chromosome stability, thus maintaining dynamic equilibrium in the body. Global hypomethylation and locus-specific hypermethylation are examples of changes in DNA methylation patterns that are pivotal to carcinogenesis. This comprehensive review first provides an overview of the various processes that contribute to the formation of CTCs, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), immune surveillance, and colonization. We then conduct an in-depth analysis of how modifications in DNA methylation within CTCs impact each of these critical stages during CTC dissemination. Furthermore, we explored potential clinical implications of changes in DNA methylation in CTCs for patients with cancer. By understanding these epigenetic modifications, we can gain insights into the metastatic process and identify new biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and targeted therapies. This review aims to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical application, highlighting the significance of DNA methylation in the context of cancer metastasis and offering new avenues for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyu Gu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyou Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Xie Y, Xiao D, Li D, Peng M, Peng W, Duan H, Yang X. Combined strategies with PARP inhibitors for the treatment of BRCA wide type cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1441222. [PMID: 39156700 PMCID: PMC11327142 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1441222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability stands out as a pivotal hallmark of cancer, and PARP inhibitors (PARPi) emerging as a groundbreaking class of targeted therapy drugs meticulously crafted to inhibit the repair of DNA single-strand breaks(SSB) in tumor cells. Currently, PARPi have been approved for the treatment of ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer characterized by homologous recombination(HR) repair deficiencies due to mutations in BRCA1/2 or other DNA repair associated genes and acquiring the designation of breakthrough therapy. Nonetheless, PARPi exhibit limited efficacy in the majority of HR-proficient BRCA1/2 wild-type cancers. At present, the synergistic approach of combining PARPi with agents that induce HR defects, or with chemotherapy and radiotherapy to induce substantial DNA damage, significantly enhances the efficacy of PARPi in BRCA wild-type or HR-proficient patients, supporting extension the use of PARPi in HR proficient patients. Therefore, we have summarized the effects and mechanisms of the combined use of drugs with PARPi, including the combination of PARPi with HR defect-inducing drugs such as ATRi, CHKi, HR indirectly inducing drugs like VEGFRi, CDKi, immune checkpoint inhibitors and drugs instigating DNA damage such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In addition, this review discusses several ongoing clinical trials aimed at analyzing the clinical application potential of these combined treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Xie
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Peng
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huaxin Duan
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Kulkarni S, Gajjar K, Madhusudan S. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor therapy and mechanisms of resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1414112. [PMID: 39135999 PMCID: PMC11317305 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1414112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced epithelial ovarian cancer is the commonest cause of gynaecological cancer deaths. First-line treatment for advanced disease includes a combination of platinum-taxane chemotherapy (post-operatively or peri-operatively) and maximal debulking surgery whenever feasible. Initial response rate to chemotherapy is high (up to 80%) but most patients will develop recurrence (approximately 70-90%) and succumb to the disease. Recently, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibition (by drugs such as Olaparib, Niraparib or Rucaparib) directed synthetic lethality approach in BRCA germline mutant or platinum sensitive disease has generated real hope for patients. PARP inhibitor (PARPi) maintenance therapy can prolong survival but therapeutic response is not sustained due to intrinsic or acquired secondary resistance to PARPi therapy. Reversion of BRCA1/2 mutation can lead to clinical PARPi resistance in BRCA-germline mutated ovarian cancer. However, in the more common platinum sensitive sporadic HGSOC, the clinical mechanisms of development of PARPi resistance remains to be defined. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the current status of PARPi and the mechanisms of resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanat Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, West Bromwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ketankumar Gajjar
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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6
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Sellars E, Savguira M, Wu J, Cancelliere S, Jen M, Krishnan R, Hakem A, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Hakem R, Narod SA, Kotsopoulos J, Salmena L. A high-throughput approach to identify BRCA1-downregulating compounds to enhance PARP inhibitor sensitivity. iScience 2024; 27:110180. [PMID: 38993666 PMCID: PMC11238136 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are efficacious in BRCA1-null tumors; however, their utility is limited in tumors with functional BRCA1. We hypothesized that pharmacologically reducing BRCA1 protein levels could enhance PARPi effectiveness in BRCA1 wild-type tumors. To identify BRCA1 downregulating agents, we generated reporter cell lines using CRISPR-mediated editing to tag endogenous BRCA1 protein with HiBiT. These reporter lines enable the sensitive measurement of BRCA1 protein levels by luminescence. Validated reporter cells were used in a pilot screen of epigenetic-modifying probes and a larger screen of more than 6,000 compounds. We identified 7 compounds that could downregulate BRCA1-HiBiT expression and synergize with olaparib. Three compounds, N-acetyl-N-acetoxy chlorobenzenesulfonamide (NANAC), A-443654, and CHIR-124, were validated to reduce BRCA1 protein levels and sensitize breast cancer cells to the toxic effects of olaparib. These results suggest that BRCA1-HiBiT reporter cells hold promise in developing agents to improve the clinical utility of PARPi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Sellars
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5S 1B2, Canada
| | - Margarita Savguira
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sabrina Cancelliere
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mark Jen
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Network Biology Collaborative Centre, High-Throughput Screening, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Rehna Krishnan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Anne Hakem
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Dalia Barsyte-Lovejoy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Razqallah Hakem
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5S 1B2, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Joanne Kotsopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5S 1B2, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Leonardo Salmena
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5S 1B2, Canada
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Stiegeler N, Garsed DW, Au-Yeung G, Bowtell DDL, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V, Zwimpfer TA. Homologous recombination proficient subtypes of high-grade serous ovarian cancer: treatment options for a poor prognosis group. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1387281. [PMID: 38894867 PMCID: PMC11183307 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1387281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately 50% of tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) have functional homologous recombination-mediated (HR) DNA repair, so-called HR-proficient tumors, which are often associated with primary platinum resistance (relapse within six months after completion of first-line therapy), minimal benefit from poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, and shorter survival. HR-proficient tumors comprise multiple molecular subtypes including cases with CCNE1 amplification, AKT2 amplification or CDK12 alteration, and are often characterized as "cold" tumors with fewer infiltrating lymphocytes and decreased expression of PD-1/PD-L1. Several new treatment approaches aim to manipulate these negative prognostic features and render HR-proficient tumors more susceptible to treatment. Alterations in multiple different molecules and pathways in the DNA damage response are driving new drug development to target HR-proficient cancer cells, such as inhibitors of the CDK or P13K/AKT pathways, as well as ATR inhibitors. Treatment combinations with chemotherapy or PARP inhibitors and agents targeting DNA replication stress have shown promising preclinical and clinical results. New approaches in immunotherapy are also being explored, including vaccines or antibody drug conjugates. Many approaches are still in the early stages of development and further clinical trials will determine their clinical relevance. There is a need to include HR-proficient tumors in ovarian cancer trials and to analyze them in a more targeted manner to provide further evidence for their specific therapy, as this will be crucial in improving the overall prognosis of HGSC and ovarian cancer in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dale W. Garsed
- Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - George Au-Yeung
- Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David D. L. Bowtell
- Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Tibor A. Zwimpfer
- Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Zhang Y, Xu M, Yuan J, Hu Z, Jiang J, Huang J, Wang B, Shen J, Long M, Fan Y, Montone KT, Tanyi JL, Tavana O, Chan HM, Hu X, Zhang L. Repression of PRMT activities sensitize homologous recombination-proficient ovarian and breast cancer cells to PARP inhibitor treatment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.21.595159. [PMID: 38826355 PMCID: PMC11142138 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.21.595159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
An "induced PARP inhibitor (PARPi) sensitivity by epigenetic modulation" strategy is being evaluated in the clinic to sensitize homologous recombination (HR)-proficient tumors to PARPi treatments. To expand its clinical applications and identify more efficient combinations, we performed a drug screen by combining PARPi with 74 well-characterized epigenetic modulators that target five major classes of epigenetic enzymes. Both type I PRMT inhibitor and PRMT5 inhibitor exhibit high combination and clinical priority scores in our screen. PRMT inhibition significantly enhances PARPi treatment-induced DNA damage in HR-proficient ovarian and breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, PRMTs maintain the expression of genes associated with DNA damage repair and BRCAness and regulate intrinsic innate immune pathways in cancer cells. Analyzing large-scale genomic and functional profiles from TCGA and DepMap further confirms that PRMT1, PRMT4, and PRMT5 are potential therapeutic targets in oncology. Finally, PRMT1 and PRMT5 inhibition act synergistically to enhance PARPi sensitivity. Our studies provide a strong rationale for the clinical application of a combination of PRMT and PARP inhibitors in patients with HR-proficient ovarian or breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyou Zhang
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Mu Xu
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Jiao Yuan
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Zhongyi Hu
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Junjie Jiang
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Bingwei Wang
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Jianfeng Shen
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Meixiao Long
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Kathleen T Montone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Janos L Tanyi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Center for Gynecologic Cancer Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Omid Tavana
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts, 02451, USA
| | - Ho Man Chan
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts, 02451, USA
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Center for Gynecologic Cancer Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
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9
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Morganti S, Marra A, De Angelis C, Toss A, Licata L, Giugliano F, Taurelli Salimbeni B, Berton Giachetti PPM, Esposito A, Giordano A, Bianchini G, Garber JE, Curigliano G, Lynce F, Criscitiello C. PARP Inhibitors for Breast Cancer Treatment: A Review. JAMA Oncol 2024; 10:658-670. [PMID: 38512229 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.7322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Importance Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of patients with germline BRCA1/2-associated breast cancer, representing the first targeted therapy capable of improving outcomes in patients with hereditary tumors. However, resistance to PARP inhibitors occurs in almost all patients. Observations This narrative review summarizes the biological rationale behind the use of PARP inhibitors in breast cancer, as well as the available evidence, recent progress, and potential future applications of these agents. Recent studies have shown that the benefit of PARP inhibitors extends beyond patients with germline BRCA1/2-associated metastatic breast cancer to patients with somatic BRCA1/2 variants and to those with germline PALB2 alterations. Moreover, these agents proved to be effective both in the metastatic and adjuvant settings. However, patients with metastatic breast cancer usually do not achieve the long-term benefit from PARP inhibitors observed in other tumor types. Mechanisms of resistance have been identified, but how to effectively target them is largely unknown. Ongoing research is investigating both novel therapeutics and new combination strategies to overcome resistance. PARP1-selective inhibitors, by sparing the hematological toxic effects induced by the PARP2 blockade, are promising agents to be combined with chemotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates, and other targeted therapies. Conclusions and Relevance Although the efficacy of PARP inhibitors is well established, many questions persist. Future research should focus on identifying predictive biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance. Integrating well-designed translational efforts into all clinical studies is thereby crucial to laying the groundwork for future insights from ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Morganti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Carmine De Angelis
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Laster and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Angela Toss
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Licata
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Giugliano
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- INSERM U981-Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, PRISM Center for Precision Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Angela Esposito
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giampaolo Bianchini
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Judy E Garber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Filipa Lynce
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carmen Criscitiello
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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10
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Yang Z, Mogre S, He R, Berdan EL, Ho Sui S, Hill S. The ORFIUS complex regulates ORC2 localization at replication origins. NAR Cancer 2024; 6:zcae003. [PMID: 38288445 PMCID: PMC10823580 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is a lethal malignancy with elevated replication stress (RS) levels and defective RS and RS-associated DNA damage responses. Here we demonstrate that the bromodomain-containing protein BRD1 is a RS suppressing protein that forms a replication origin regulatory complex with the histone acetyltransferase HBO1, the BRCA1 tumor suppressor, and BARD1, ORigin FIring Under Stress (ORFIUS). BRD1 and HBO1 promote eventual origin firing by supporting localization of the origin licensing protein ORC2 at origins. In the absence of BRD1 and/or HBO1, both origin firing and nuclei with ORC2 foci are reduced. BRCA1 regulates BRD1, HBO1, and ORC2 localization at replication origins. In the absence of BRCA1, both origin firing and nuclei with BRD1, HBO1, and ORC2 foci are increased. In normal and non-HGSC ovarian cancer cells, the ORFIUS complex responds to ATR and CDC7 origin regulatory signaling and disengages from origins during RS. In BRCA1-mutant and sporadic HGSC cells, BRD1, HBO1, and ORC2 remain associated with replication origins, and unresponsive to RS, DNA damage, or origin regulatory kinase inhibition. ORFIUS complex dysregulation may promote HGSC cell survival by allowing for upregulated origin firing and cell cycle progression despite accumulating DNA damage, and may be a RS target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelei Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Saie Mogre
- Department of Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ruiyang He
- Department of Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Emma L Berdan
- Harvard Chan Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shannan J Ho Sui
- Harvard Chan Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah J Hill
- Department of Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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11
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Gu M, Ren B, Fang Y, Ren J, Liu X, Wang X, Zhou F, Xiao R, Luo X, You L, Zhao Y. Epigenetic regulation in cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e495. [PMID: 38374872 PMCID: PMC10876210 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are defined as heritable changes in gene activity that do not involve changes in the underlying DNA sequence. The oncogenic process is driven by the accumulation of alterations that impact genome's structure and function. Genetic mutations, which directly disrupt the DNA sequence, are complemented by epigenetic modifications that modulate gene expression, thereby facilitating the acquisition of malignant characteristics. Principals among these epigenetic changes are shifts in DNA methylation and histone mark patterns, which promote tumor development and metastasis. Notably, the reversible nature of epigenetic alterations, as opposed to the permanence of genetic changes, positions the epigenetic machinery as a prime target in the discovery of novel therapeutics. Our review delves into the complexities of epigenetic regulation, exploring its profound effects on tumor initiation, metastatic behavior, metabolic pathways, and the tumor microenvironment. We place a particular emphasis on the dysregulation at each level of epigenetic modulation, including but not limited to, the aberrations in enzymes responsible for DNA methylation and histone modification, subunit loss or fusions in chromatin remodeling complexes, and the disturbances in higher-order chromatin structure. Finally, we also evaluate therapeutic approaches that leverage the growing understanding of chromatin dysregulation, offering new avenues for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhi Gu
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic TumorChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Bo Ren
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic TumorChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic TumorChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic TumorChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic TumorChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic TumorChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Feihan Zhou
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic TumorChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Ruiling Xiao
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic TumorChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Xiyuan Luo
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic TumorChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic TumorChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic TumorChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingP. R. China
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12
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Wang LH, Wei S, Yuan Y, Zhong MJ, Wang J, Yan ZX, Zhou K, Luo T, Liang L, Bian XW. KPT330 promotes the sensitivity of glioblastoma to olaparib by retaining SQSTM1 in the nucleus and disrupting lysosomal function. Autophagy 2024; 20:295-310. [PMID: 37712615 PMCID: PMC10813631 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2252301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS AO: acridine orange; ATM: ATM serine/threonine kinase; CHEK1: checkpoint kinase 1; CHEK2: checkpoint kinase 2; CI: combination index; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; DSBs: double-strand breaks; GBM: glioblastoma; HR: homologous recombination; H2AX: H2A.X variant histone; IHC: immunohistochemistry; LAPTM4B: lysosomal protein transmembrane 4 beta; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; PARP: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; RAD51: RAD51 recombinase; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; SSBs: single-strand breaks; RNF168: ring finger protein 168; XPO1: exportin 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing400038, China
| | - Sen Wei
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing400038, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing400038, China
| | - Ming-Jun Zhong
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu610000, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing400038, China
| | - Ze-Xuan Yan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing400038, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing400038, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing400038, China
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13
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Ghosh M, Kang MS, Katuwal NB, Hong SD, Jeong YG, Park SM, Kim SG, Moon YW. PSPC1 Inhibition Synergizes with Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors in a Preclinical Model of BRCA-Mutated Breast/Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17086. [PMID: 38069409 PMCID: PMC10707354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are effective against BRCA1/2-mutated cancers through synthetic lethality. Unfortunately, most cases ultimately develop acquired resistance. Therefore, enhancing PARP inhibitor sensitivity and preventing resistance in those cells are an unmet clinical need. Here, we investigated the ability of paraspeckle component 1 (PSPC1), as an additional synthetic lethal partner with BRCA1/2, to enhance olaparib sensitivity in preclinical models of BRCA1/2-mutated breast and ovarian cancers. In vitro, the combined olaparib and PSPC1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) exhibited synergistic anti-proliferative activity in BRCA1/2-mutated breast and ovarian cancer cells. The combination therapy also demonstrated synergistic tumor inhibition in a xenograft mouse model. Mechanistically, olaparib monotherapy increased the expressions of p-ATM and DNA-PKcs, suggesting the activation of a DNA repair pathway, whereas combining PSPC1 siRNA with olaparib decreased the expressions of p-ATM and DNA-PKcs again. As such, the combination increased the formation of γH2AX foci, indicating stronger DNA double-strand breaks. Subsequently, these DNA-damaged cells escaped G2/M checkpoint activation, as indicated by the suppression of p-cdc25C (Ser216) and p-cdc2 (Tyr15) after combination treatment. Finally, these cells entered mitosis, which induced increased apoptosis. Thus, this proves that PSPC1 inhibition enhances olaparib sensitivity by targeting DNA damage response in our preclinical model. The combination of olaparib and PSPC1 inhibition merits further clinical investigation to enhance PARP inhibitor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sil Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Nar Bahadur Katuwal
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa Deok Hong
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Gyu Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Min Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Kim
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Wha Moon
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea
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14
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Wang ZQ, Zhang ZC, Wu YY, Pi YN, Lou SH, Liu TB, Lou G, Yang C. Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins: biological functions, diseases, and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:420. [PMID: 37926722 PMCID: PMC10625992 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BET proteins, which influence gene expression and contribute to the development of cancer, are epigenetic interpreters. Thus, BET inhibitors represent a novel form of epigenetic anticancer treatment. Although preliminary clinical trials have shown the anticancer potential of BET inhibitors, it appears that these drugs have limited effectiveness when used alone. Therefore, given the limited monotherapeutic activity of BET inhibitors, their use in combination with other drugs warrants attention, including the meaningful variations in pharmacodynamic activity among chosen drug combinations. In this paper, we review the function of BET proteins, the preclinical justification for BET protein targeting in cancer, recent advances in small-molecule BET inhibitors, and preliminary clinical trial findings. We elucidate BET inhibitor resistance mechanisms, shed light on the associated adverse events, investigate the potential of combining these inhibitors with diverse therapeutic agents, present a comprehensive compilation of synergistic treatments involving BET inhibitors, and provide an outlook on their future prospects as potent antitumor agents. We conclude by suggesting that combining BET inhibitors with other anticancer drugs and innovative next-generation agents holds great potential for advancing the effective targeting of BET proteins as a promising anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhao-Cong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yu-Yang Wu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ya-Nan Pi
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Sheng-Han Lou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Tian-Bo Liu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Ge Lou
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Chang Yang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China.
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15
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Hamilton EP, Wang JS, Oza AM, Patel MR, Ulahannan SV, Bauer T, Karlix JL, Zeron-Medina J, Fabbri G, Marco-Casanova P, Moorthy G, Hattersley MM, Littlewood GM, Mitchell P, Saeh J, Pouliot GP, Moore KN. First-in-human Study of AZD5153, A Small-molecule Inhibitor of Bromodomain Protein 4, in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Malignant Solid Tumors and Lymphoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:1154-1165. [PMID: 37486983 PMCID: PMC10544002 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
AZD5153, a reversible, bivalent inhibitor of the bromodomain and extraterminal family protein BRD4, has preclinical activity in multiple tumors. This first-in-human, phase I study investigated AZD5153 alone or with olaparib in patients with relapsed/refractory solid tumors or lymphoma. Adults with relapsed tumors intolerant of, or refractory to, prior therapies received escalating doses of oral AZD5153 once daily or twice daily continuously (21-day cycles), or AZD5153 once daily/twice daily continuously or intermittently plus olaparib 300 mg twice daily, until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Between June 30, 2017 and April 19, 2021, 34 patients received monotherapy and 15 received combination therapy. Dose-limiting toxicities were thrombocytopenia/platelet count decreased (n = 4/n = 2) and diarrhea (n = 1). The recommended phase II doses (RP2D) were AZD5153 30 mg once daily or 15 mg twice daily (monotherapy) and 10 mg once daily (intermittent schedule) with olaparib. With AZD5153 monotherapy, common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) included fatigue (38.2%), thrombocytopenia, and diarrhea (each 32.4%); common grade ≥ 3 TEAEs were thrombocytopenia (14.7%) and anemia (8.8%). With the combination, common TEAEs included nausea (66.7%) and fatigue (53.3%); the most common grade ≥ 3 TEAE was thrombocytopenia (26.7%). AZD5153 had dose-dependent pharmacokinetics, with minimal accumulation, and demonstrated dose-dependent modulation of peripheral biomarkers, including upregulation of HEXIM1. One patient with metastatic pancreatic cancer receiving combination treatment had a partial response lasting 4.2 months. These results show AZD5153 was tolerable as monotherapy and in combination at the RP2Ds; common toxicities were fatigue, hematologic AEs, and gastrointestinal AEs. Strong evidence of peripheral target engagement was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika P. Hamilton
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Judy S. Wang
- Florida Cancer Specialists/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota, Florida
| | - Amit M. Oza
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network/Sinai Health Systems, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manish R. Patel
- Florida Cancer Specialists/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota, Florida
| | - Susanna V. Ulahannan
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Todd Bauer
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | | | | | - Ganesh Moorthy
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Jamal Saeh
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | - Kathleen N. Moore
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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16
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Kinose Y, Xu H, Kim H, Kumar S, Shan X, George E, Wang X, Medvedev S, Ferman B, Gitto SB, Whicker M, D’Andrea K, Wubbenhorst B, Hallberg D, O’Connor M, Schwartz LE, Hwang WT, Nathanson KL, Mills GB, Velculescu VE, Wang TL, Brown EJ, Drapkin R, Simpkins F. Dual blockade of BRD4 and ATR/WEE1 pathways exploits ARID1A loss in clear cell ovarian cancer. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3314138. [PMID: 37841875 PMCID: PMC10571599 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3314138/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
ARID1A, an epigenetic tumor suppressor, is the most common gene mutation in clear-cell ovarian cancers (CCOCs). CCOCs are often resistant to standard chemotherapy and lack effective therapies. We hypothesized that ARID1A loss would increase CCOC cell dependency on chromatin remodeling and DNA repair pathways for survival. We demonstrate that combining BRD4 inhibitor (BRD4i) with DNA damage response inhibitors (ATR or WEE1 inhibitors; e.g. BRD4i-ATRi) was synergistic at low doses leading to decreased survival, and colony formation in CCOC in an ARID1A dependent manner. BRD4i-ATRi caused significant tumor regression and increased overall survival in ARID1AMUT but not ARID1AWT patient-derived xenografts. Combination BRD4i-ATRi significantly increased γH2AX, and decreased RAD51 foci and BRCA1 expression, suggesting decreased ability to repair DNA double-strand-breaks (DSBs) by homologous-recombination in ARID1AMUT cells, and these effects were greater than monotherapies. These studies demonstrate BRD4i-ATRi is an effective treatment strategy that capitalizes on synthetic lethality with ARID1A loss in CCOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuto Kinose
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Haineng Xu
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hyoung Kim
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xiaoyin Shan
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Erin George
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sergey Medvedev
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Benjamin Ferman
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sarah B. Gitto
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Margaret Whicker
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kurt D’Andrea
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bradley Wubbenhorst
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dorothy Hallberg
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mark O’Connor
- AstraZeneca, R&D Oncology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren E. Schwartz
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Wei-Ting Hwang
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Division of Oncological Sciences Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Victor E. Velculescu
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eric J. Brown
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Fiona Simpkins
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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17
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Lee E, Archasappawat S, Ji K, Pena J, Fernandez-Vega V, Gangaraju R, Beesabathuni NS, Kim MJ, Tian Q, Shah PS, Scampavia L, Spicer TP, Hwang CI. A new vulnerability to BET inhibition due to enhanced autophagy in BRCA2 deficient pancreatic cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:620. [PMID: 37735513 PMCID: PMC10514057 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in human malignancies. Among total pancreatic cancer patients, ~10% of patients are categorized as familial pancreatic cancer (FPC) patients, carrying germline mutations of the genes involved in DNA repair pathways (e.g., BRCA2). Personalized medicine approaches tailored toward patients' mutations would improve patients' outcome. To identify novel vulnerabilities of BRCA2-deficient pancreatic cancer, we generated isogenic Brca2-deficient murine pancreatic cancer cell lines and performed high-throughput drug screens. High-throughput drug screening revealed that Brca2-deficient cells are sensitive to Bromodomain and Extraterminal Motif (BET) inhibitors, suggesting that BET inhibition might be a potential therapeutic approach. We found that BRCA2 deficiency increased autophagic flux, which was further enhanced by BET inhibition in Brca2-deficient pancreatic cancer cells, resulting in autophagy-dependent cell death. Our data suggests that BET inhibition can be a novel therapeutic strategy for BRCA2-deficient pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- EunJung Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Suyakarn Archasappawat
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Graduate Group in Integrative Pathobiology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Keely Ji
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jocelyn Pena
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute, High-Throughput Screening Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Virneliz Fernandez-Vega
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute, High-Throughput Screening Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Ritika Gangaraju
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nitin Sai Beesabathuni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Martin Jean Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Qi Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Priya S Shah
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Louis Scampavia
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute, High-Throughput Screening Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Timothy P Spicer
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute, High-Throughput Screening Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Chang-Il Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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18
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Duska LR, Zamarin D, Hamilton E, Oza A, Fleming G, Spira A, Yeku OO, Richardson DL, Walling J, Inokuchi K, Matusow B, Bollag G, Swisher EM. Phase IIa Study of PLX2853 in Gynecologic Cancers With Known ARID1A Mutation and Phase Ib/IIa Study of PLX2853/Carboplatin in Platinum-Resistant Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2023; 7:e2300235. [PMID: 37797273 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) domain proteins facilitate the development of many human cancers via epigenetic regulation. BET inhibitors may be effective in reversing platinum resistance in ovarian cancer (OC) and may generate synthetic lethality with ARID1A loss. PLX2853 is an orally active, small-molecule inhibitor of BET bromodomain-mediated interactions that exhibits low nanomolar potency in blocking all four BET family members. METHODS We conducted a multicenter and open-label study with two parallel arms: a phase IIa study of PLX2853 monotherapy in patients with advanced gynecologic malignancies with an ARID1A mutation and a phase Ib/IIa combination study of PLX2853 plus carboplatin in women with platinum-resistant OC. The primary objectives were safety and tolerability for phase Ib and efficacy for both phase IIa portions. Thirty-four of 37 enrolled patients completed at least one post-baseline response assessment. RESULTS Of the 14 evaluable patients on the monotherapy arm, 1 (7.1%) achieved a best overall response of partial response (PR), 5 (35.7%) had stable disease (SD), and 8 (57.1%) had progressive disease (PD). Of the 20 evaluable patients on the combination arm, 1 (5.0%) had PR, 9 (45.0%) had SD, and 10 (50%) had PD. CONCLUSION This study confirmed the safety profile of PLX2853 and demonstrated the feasibility of combination with carboplatin. Although these results did not meet the prespecified response criteria, evidence of clinical activity highlights the rationale for further exploration of BET inhibitors in patients with ARID1A-mutated gynecologic malignancies, possibly in combination with agents targeting potential feedback mechanisms such as the PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda R Duska
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | | | | | - Amit Oza
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON
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19
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Philip KT, Dutta K, Chakraborty S, Patro BS. Functional inhibition of RECQL5 helicase elicits non-homologous end joining response and sensitivity of breast cancers to PARP inhibitor. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 161:106443. [PMID: 37392863 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Poly (ADPRibose) Polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) are clinically approved for the treatment of BRCA-mutated hereditary breast and ovarian cancers with homologous recombination (HR) deficiency, based on synthetic lethality concept. However, ∼90% of breast cancers are BRCA-wild type; they repair PARPi mediated damage through HR, leading to intrinsic de novo resistance. Hence, there is an unmet need of exploring novel targets in HR-proficient aggressive breast cancers for PARPi treatment. RECQL5 physically interacts and disrupts RAD51 from pre-synaptic filaments, aiding HR resolution, replication fork protection and preventing illegitimate recombination. In the current investigation, we show that targeted inhibition of HR by stabilization of RAD51-RECQL5 complex by a pharmacological inhibitor of RECQL5 (4a; 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative) in the presence of PARPi [talazoparib (BMN673)] leads to abolition of functional HR with uncontrolled activation of NHEJ repair. This was assessed by GFP based NHEJ reporter assay, KU80 recruitment and in vitro NHEJ based plasmid ligation assay. Concomitant treatment with talazoparib and 4a generates copious amounts of replication stress, prolonged cell cycle arrest, extensive double strand breaks (DSBs) and mitotic catastrophe, leading to sensitization of HR-proficient breast cancers. Suppression of NHEJ activity abolishes 4a-mediated sensitization of breast cancers to PARPi treatment. Imperatively, 4a was ineffective against normal mammary epithelial cells, which expresses low RECQL5 vis-à-vis breast cancer cells. Moreover, functional inhibition of RECQL5 suppresses metastatic potential of breast cancer cells in response to PARPi. Together, we identified RECQL5 as a novel pharmacological target for expanding PARPi based treatment horizon for HR-proficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krupa Thankam Philip
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Kartik Dutta
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Saikat Chakraborty
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Birija Sankar Patro
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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20
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Zielli T, Labidi-Galy I, Del Grande M, Sessa C, Colombo I. The clinical challenges of homologous recombination proficiency in ovarian cancer: from intrinsic resistance to new treatment opportunities. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:499-516. [PMID: 37842243 PMCID: PMC10571062 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer. Optimal cytoreductive surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab is the conventional therapeutic strategy. Since 2016, the pharmacological treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer has significantly changed following the introduction of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). BRCA1/2 mutations and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) have been established as predictive biomarkers of the benefit from platinum-based chemotherapy and PARPi. While in the absence of HRD (the so-called homologous recombination proficiency, HRp), patients derive minimal benefit from PARPi, the use of the antiangiogenic agent bevacizumab in first line did not result in different efficacy according to the presence of homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes mutations. No clinical trials have currently compared PARPi and bevacizumab as maintenance therapy in the HRp population. Different strategies are under investigation to overcome primary and acquired resistance to PARPi and to increase the sensitivity of HRp tumors to these agents. These tumors are characterized by frequent amplifications of Cyclin E and MYC, resulting in high replication stress. Different agents targeting DNA replication stress, such as ATR, WEE1 and CHK1 inhibitors, are currently being explored in preclinical models and clinical trials and have shown promising preliminary signs of activity. In this review, we will summarize the available evidence on the activity of PARPi in HRp tumors and the ongoing research to develop new treatment options in this hard-to-treat population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Zielli
- Service of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), EOC, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Intidhar Labidi-Galy
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Center of Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Maria Del Grande
- Service of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), EOC, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Cristiana Sessa
- Service of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), EOC, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Colombo
- Service of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), EOC, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
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21
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Cordani N, Bianchi T, Ammoni LC, Cortinovis DL, Cazzaniga ME, Lissoni AA, Landoni F, Canova S. An Overview of PARP Resistance in Ovarian Cancer from a Molecular and Clinical Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11890. [PMID: 37569269 PMCID: PMC10418869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), a primarily high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSOC), is one of the major causes of high death-to-incidence ratios of all gynecological cancers. Cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy represent the main treatments for this aggressive disease. Molecular characterization of HGSOC has revealed that up to 50% of cases have a deficiency in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) system, which makes these tumors sensitive to poly ADP-ribose inhibitors (PARP-is). However, drug resistance often occurs and overcoming it represents a big challenge. A number of strategies are under investigation, with the most promising being combinations of PARP-is with antiangiogenetic agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Moreover, new drugs targeting different pathways, including the ATR-CHK1-WEE1, the PI3K-AKT and the RAS/RAF/MEK, are under development both in phase I and II-III clinical trials. Nevertheless, there is still a long way to go, and the next few years promise to be exciting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Cordani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (T.B.); (L.C.A.); (M.E.C.); (A.A.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Tommaso Bianchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (T.B.); (L.C.A.); (M.E.C.); (A.A.L.); (F.L.)
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Luca Carlofrancesco Ammoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (T.B.); (L.C.A.); (M.E.C.); (A.A.L.); (F.L.)
| | | | - Marina Elena Cazzaniga
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (T.B.); (L.C.A.); (M.E.C.); (A.A.L.); (F.L.)
- Phase 1 Research Centre, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Alberto Lissoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (T.B.); (L.C.A.); (M.E.C.); (A.A.L.); (F.L.)
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Fabio Landoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (T.B.); (L.C.A.); (M.E.C.); (A.A.L.); (F.L.)
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Stefania Canova
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy;
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22
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Kim YN, Shim Y, Seo J, Choi Z, Lee YJ, Shin S, Kim SW, Kim S, Choi JR, Lee JY, Lee ST. Investigation of PARP Inhibitor Resistance Based on Serially Collected Circulating Tumor DNA in Patients With BRCA-Mutated Ovarian Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:2725-2734. [PMID: 37067525 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patient-specific molecular alterations leading to PARP inhibitor (PARPi) resistance are relatively unexplored. In this study, we analyzed serially collected circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients with BRCA1/2 mutations who received PARPis to investigate the resistance mechanisms and their significance in postprogression treatment response and survival. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients were prospectively enrolled between January 2018 and December 2021 (NCT05458973). Whole-blood samples were obtained before PARPi administration and serially every 3 months until progression. ctDNA was extracted from the samples and sequenced with a 531-gene panel; gene sets for each resistance mechanism were curated. RESULTS Fifty-four patients were included in this analysis. Mutation profiles of genes in pre-PARPi samples indicating a high tumor mutational burden and alterations in genes associated with replication fork stabilization and drug efflux were associated with poor progression-free survival on PARPis. BRCA hypomorphism and reversion were found in 1 and 3 patients, respectively. Among 29 patients with matched samples, mutational heterogeneity increased postprogression on PARPis, showing at least one postspecific mutation in 89.7% of the patients. These mutations indicate non-exclusive acquired resistance mechanisms-homologous recombination repair restoration (28%), replication fork stability (34%), upregulated survival pathway (41%), target loss (10%), and drug efflux (3%). We observed poor progression-free survival with subsequent chemotherapy in patients with homologous recombination repair restoration (P = 0.003) and those with the simultaneous involvement of two or more resistance mechanisms (P = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS Analysis of serial ctDNAs highlighted multiple acquired resistance mechanisms, providing valuable insights for improving postprogression treatment and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Na Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeeun Shim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yong Jae Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Saeam Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Rak Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Dxome, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Tae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Dxome, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Bhat BA, Saifi I, Khamjan NA, Hamdani SS, Algaissi A, Rashid S, Alshehri MM, Ganie SA, Lohani M, Abdelwahab SI, Dar SA. Exploring the tumor immune microenvironment in ovarian cancer: a way-out to the therapeutic roadmap. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:841-860. [PMID: 37712621 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2259096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite cancer treatment strides, mortality due to ovarian cancer remains high globally. While immunotherapy has proven effective in treating cancers with low cure rates, it has limitations. Growing evidence suggests that both tumoral and non-tumoral components of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) play a significant role in cancer growth. Therefore, developing novel and focused therapy for ovarian cancer is critical. Studies indicate that TIME is involved in developing ovarian cancer, particularly genome-, transcriptome-, and proteome-wide studies. As a result, TIME may present a prospective therapeutic target for ovarian cancer patients. AREAS COVERED We examined several TIME-targeting medicines and the connection between TIME and ovarian cancer. The key protagonists and events in the TIME and therapeutic strategies that explicitly target these events in ovarian cancer are discussed. EXPERT OPINION We highlighted various targeted therapies against TIME in ovarian cancer, including anti-angiogenesis therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. While these therapies are in their infancy, they have shown promise in controlling ovarian cancer progression. The use of 'omics' technology is helping in better understanding of TIME in ovarian cancer and potentially identifying new therapeutic targets. TIME-targeted strategies could account for an additional treatment strategy when treating ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basharat Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Bioresources, Amar Singh College Campus, Cluster University, Srinagar, India
| | - Ifra Saifi
- Department of Botany, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut India
| | - Nizar A Khamjan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Suhail Hamdani
- Department of Bioresources, Amar Singh College Campus, Cluster University, Srinagar, India
| | - Abdullah Algaissi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safeena Rashid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Mohtashim Lohani
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Lee E, Archasappawat S, Ji K, Pena J, Fernandez-Vega V, Gangaraju R, Beesabathuni NS, Kim MJ, Tian Q, Shah P, Scampavia L, Spicer T, Hwang CI. A new vulnerability to BET inhibition due to enhanced autophagy in BRCA2 deficient pancreatic cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.30.542934. [PMID: 37398312 PMCID: PMC10312597 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.542934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in human malignancies. Among total pancreatic cancer patients, ∼10% of patients are categorized as familial pancreatic cancer (FPC) patients, carrying germline mutations of the genes involved in DNA repair pathways ( e.g., BRCA2 ). Personalized medicine approaches tailored toward patients' mutations would improve patients' outcome. To identify novel vulnerabilities of BRCA2 -deficient pancreatic cancer, we generated isogenic Brca2 -deficient murine pancreatic cancer cell lines and performed high-throughput drug screens. High-throughput drug screening revealed that Brca2 -deficient cells are sensitive to Bromodomain and Extraterminal Motif (BET) inhibitors, suggesting that BET inhibition might be a potential therapeutic approach. We found that BRCA2 deficiency increased autophagic flux, which was further enhanced by BET inhibition in Brca2 -deficient pancreatic cancer cells, resulting in autophagy-dependent cell death. Our data suggests that BET inhibition can be a novel therapeutic strategy for BRCA2 -deficient pancreatic cancer.
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25
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Quintela M, James DW, Pociute A, Powell L, Edwards K, Coombes Z, Garcia J, Garton N, Das N, Lutchman-Singh K, Margarit L, Beynon AL, Rioja I, Prinjha RK, Harker NR, Gonzalez D, Conlan RS, Francis LW. Bromodomain inhibitor i-BET858 triggers a unique transcriptional response coupled to enhanced DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in high-grade ovarian carcinoma cells. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:63. [PMID: 37060086 PMCID: PMC10105475 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01477-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer has a specific unmet clinical need, with a persistently poor 5-year survival rate observed in women with advanced stage disease warranting continued efforts to develop new treatment options. The amplification of BRD4 in a significant subset of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSC) has led to the development of BET inhibitors (BETi) as promising antitumour agents that have subsequently been evaluated in phase I/II clinical trials. Here, we describe the molecular effects and ex vivo preclinical activities of i-BET858, a bivalent pan-BET inhibitor with proven in vivo BRD inhibitory activity. RESULTS i-BET858 demonstrates enhanced cytotoxic activity compared with earlier generation BETis both in cell lines and primary cells derived from clinical samples of HGSC. At molecular level, i-BET858 triggered a bipartite transcriptional response, comprised of a 'core' network of genes commonly associated with BET inhibition in solid tumours, together with a unique i-BET858 gene signature. Mechanistically, i-BET858 elicited enhanced DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death compared to its predecessor i-BET151. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our ex vivo and in vitro studies indicate that i-BET858 represents an optimal candidate to pursue further clinical validation for the treatment of HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Quintela
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - David W James
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Agne Pociute
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Lydia Powell
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Kadie Edwards
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Zoe Coombes
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Jetzabel Garcia
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Neil Garton
- Immunology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Nagindra Das
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, SA12 7BR, UK
| | | | - Lavinia Margarit
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
- Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | | | - Inmaculada Rioja
- Immunology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Rab K Prinjha
- Immunology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Nicola R Harker
- Immunology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Deyarina Gonzalez
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - R Steven Conlan
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Lewis W Francis
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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Ye J, Wu J, Liu B. Therapeutic strategies of dual-target small molecules to overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188866. [PMID: 36842765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite some advances in targeted therapeutics of human cancers, curative cancer treatment still remains a tremendous challenge due to the occurrence of drug resistance. A variety of underlying resistance mechanisms to targeted cancer drugs have recently revealed that the dual-target therapeutic strategy would be an attractive avenue. Compared to drug combination strategies, one agent simultaneously modulating two druggable targets generally shows fewer adverse reactions and lower toxicity. As a consequence, the dual-target small molecule has been extensively explored to overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy. Thus, in this review, we focus on summarizing drug resistance mechanisms of cancer cells, such as enhanced drug efflux, deregulated cell death, DNA damage repair, and epigenetic alterations. Based upon the resistance mechanisms, we further discuss the current therapeutic strategies of dual-target small molecules to overcome drug resistance, which will shed new light on exploiting more intricate mechanisms and relevant dual-target drugs for future cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Huang Y, Liu C, You L, Li X, Chen G, Fan J. Synergistic effect of PARP inhibitor and BRD4 inhibitor in multiple models of ovarian cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:634-649. [PMID: 36753396 PMCID: PMC9983312 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has the highest facility rate among gynaecological tumours. Current therapies including PARP inhibitors have a defect that ovarian tumour is easy to recurrent and become resistant to therapy. To solve this problem, we found that BRD4 inhibitor AZD5153 and PARP inhibitor olaparib had a widespread synergistic effect in multiple models with different gene backgrounds. AZD5153 sensitizes cells to olaparib and reverses the acquired resistance by down-regulating PTEN expression levels to destabilize hereditary materials. In this study, we used the following multiple ovarian cancer models PDX, PDO and 3D/2D cell lines to elucidate the co-effect of AZD5153 and olaparib in vivo and in vitro. The similar results of these models further proved that the mechanism identified was consistent with the biological process occurring in ovarian cancer patients after drug treatment. This consistency between the results of different models suggests the possibility of translating these laboratory research findings into clinical studies towards developing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lixin You
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Junpeng Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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28
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Wu Y, Xu S, Cheng S, Yang J, Wang Y. Clinical application of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer: from molecular mechanisms to the current status. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:6. [PMID: 36611214 PMCID: PMC9826575 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As a kind of gynecological tumor, ovarian cancer is not as common as cervical cancer and breast cancer, but its malignant degree is higher. Despite the increasingly mature treatment of ovarian cancer, the five-year survival rate of patients is still less than 50%. Based on the concept of synthetic lethality, poly (ADP- ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors target tumor cells with defects in homologous recombination repair(HRR), the most significant being the target gene Breast cancer susceptibility genes(BRCA). PARP inhibitors capture PARP-1 protein at the site of DNA damage to destroy the original reaction, causing the accumulation of PARP-DNA nucleoprotein complexes, resulting in DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs) and cell death. PARP inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of ovarian cancer for several years and achieved good results. However, with the widespread use of PARP inhibitors, more and more attention has been paid to drug resistance and side effects. Therefore, further research is needed to understand the mechanism of PARP inhibitors, to be familiar with the adverse reactions of the drug, to explore the markers of its efficacy and prognosis, and to deal with its drug resistance. This review elaborates the use of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsong Wu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shilin Xu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiani Yang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Yu Wang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
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Lu X, He Y, Johnston RL, Nanayakarra D, Sankarasubramanian S, Lopez JA, Friedlander M, Kalimutho M, Hooper JD, Raninga PV, Khanna KK. CBL0137 impairs homologous recombination repair and sensitizes high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma to PARP inhibitors. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:355. [PMID: 36539830 PMCID: PMC9769062 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSCs) are a heterogeneous subtype of epithelial ovarian cancers and include serous cancers arising in the fallopian tube and peritoneum. These cancers are now subdivided into homologous recombination repair (HR)-deficient and proficient subgroups as this classification impacts on management and prognosis. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have shown significant clinical efficacy, particularly as maintenance therapy following response to platinum-based chemotherapy in BRCA-mutant or homologous recombination (HR)-deficient HGSCs in both the 1st and 2nd line settings. However, PARPi have limited clinical benefit in HR-proficient HGSCs which make up almost 50% of HGSC and improving outcomes in these patients is now a high priority due to the poor prognosis with ineffectiveness of the current standard of care. There are a number of potential lines of investigation including efforts in sensitizing HR-proficient tumors to PARPi. Herein, we aimed to develop a novel combination therapy by targeting SSRP1 using a small molecule inhibitor CBL0137 with PARPi in HR-proficient HGSCs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We tested anti-cancer activity of CBL0137 monotherapy using a panel of HGSC cell lines and patient-derived tumor cells in vitro. RNA sequencing was used to map global transcriptomic changes in CBL0137-treated patient-derived HR-proficient HGSC cells. We tested efficacy of CBL0137 in combination with PARPi using HGSC cell lines and patient-derived tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We show that SSRP1 inhibition using a small molecule, CBL0137, that traps SSRP1 onto chromatin, exerts a significant anti-growth activity in vitro against HGSC cell lines and patient-derived tumor cells, and also reduces tumor burden in vivo. CBL0137 induced DNA repair deficiency via inhibition of the HR repair pathway and sensitized SSRP1-high HR-proficient HGSC cell lines and patient-derived tumor cells/xenografts to the PARPi, Olaparib in vitro and in vivo. CBL0137 also enhanced the efficacy of DNA damaging platinum-based chemotherapy in HGSC patient-derived xenografts. CONCLUSION Our findings strongly suggest that combination of CBL0137 and PARP inhibition represents a novel therapeutic strategy for HR-proficient HGSCs that express high levels of SSRP1 and should be investigated in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lu
- grid.1049.c0000 0001 2294 1395QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006 Australia ,grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111 Australia
| | - Yaowu He
- grid.489335.00000000406180938Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Rebecca L. Johnston
- grid.1049.c0000 0001 2294 1395QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Devathri Nanayakarra
- grid.1049.c0000 0001 2294 1395QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Sivanandhini Sankarasubramanian
- grid.1049.c0000 0001 2294 1395QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - J. Alejandro Lopez
- grid.1049.c0000 0001 2294 1395QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006 Australia ,grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111 Australia
| | - Michael Friedlander
- grid.415193.bUniversity of New South Wales Clinical School, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031 Australia
| | - Murugan Kalimutho
- grid.1049.c0000 0001 2294 1395QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - John D. Hooper
- grid.489335.00000000406180938Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Prahlad V. Raninga
- grid.1049.c0000 0001 2294 1395QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- grid.1049.c0000 0001 2294 1395QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006 Australia
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30
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Epigenetic Insights on PARP-1 Activity in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010006. [PMID: 36612003 PMCID: PMC9817704 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of chromatin state and histone protein eviction have been proven essential during transcription and DNA repair. Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) are crucial mediators of these processes by affecting DNA/histone epigenetic events. DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation patterns and histone modifications are established by mutual coordination between all epigenetic modifiers. This review will focus on histones and DNA/histone epigenetic machinery that are direct targets of PARP-1 activity by covalent and non-covalent PARylation. The effects of these modifications on the activity/recruitment of epigenetic enzymes at DNA damage sites or gene regulatory regions will be outlined. Furthermore, based on the achievements made to the present, we will discuss the potential application of epigenetic-based therapy as a novel strategy for boosting the success of PARP inhibitors, improving cell sensitivity or overcoming drug resistance.
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31
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Davalos V, Esteller M. Cancer epigenetics in clinical practice. CA Cancer J Clin 2022. [PMID: 36512337 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer development is driven by the accumulation of alterations affecting the structure and function of the genome. Whereas genetic changes disrupt the DNA sequence, epigenetic alterations contribute to the acquisition of hallmark tumor capabilities by regulating gene expression programs that promote tumorigenesis. Shifts in DNA methylation and histone mark patterns, the two main epigenetic modifications, orchestrate tumor progression and metastasis. These cancer-specific events have been exploited as useful tools for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment choice to aid clinical decision making. Moreover, the reversibility of epigenetic modifications, in contrast to the irreversibility of genetic changes, has made the epigenetic machinery an attractive target for drug development. This review summarizes the most advanced applications of epigenetic biomarkers and epigenetic drugs in the clinical setting, highlighting commercially available DNA methylation-based assays and epigenetic drugs already approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Davalos
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer, Madrid, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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32
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Hossen MN, Wang L, Dwivedi SKD, Zhang Y, Rao G, Elechalwar CK, Sheth V, Dey A, Asfa S, Gulla SK, Xu C, Fung K, Robertson JD, Bieniasz M, Wilhelm S, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Gold Nanoparticles Disrupt the IGFBP2/mTOR/PTEN Axis to Inhibit Ovarian Cancer Growth. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200491. [PMID: 36104215 PMCID: PMC9631030 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
By exploiting the self-therapeutic properties of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) a molecular axis that promotes the growth of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), one of the deadliest gynecologic malignancies with poorly understood underlying molecular mechanisms, has been identified. The biodistribution and toxicity of GNPs administered by intravenous or intraperitoneal injection, both as a single dose or by repeated dosing over two weeks are first assessed; no biochemical or histological toxicity to vital organs is found. Using an orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of HGSOC, the authors then show that GNP treatment robustly inhibits tumor growth. Investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the GNP efficacy reveals that GNPs downregulate insulin growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) by disrupting its autoregulation via the IGFBP2/mTOR/PTEN axis. This mechanism is validated by treating a cell line-based human xenograft tumor with GNPs and an mTOR dual-kinase inhibitor (PI-103), either individually or in combination with GNPs; GNP and PI-103 combination therapy inhibit ovarian tumor growth similarly to GNPs alone. This report illustrates how the self-therapeutic properties of GNPs can be exploited as a discovery tool to identify a critical signaling axis responsible for poor prognosis in ovarian cancer and provides an opportunity to interrogate the axis to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Nazir Hossen
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer CenterUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical SciencesCalifornia Northstate College of PharmacyElk GroveCAUSA
| | - Lin Wang
- Aging and Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOK 73104USA
| | - Shailendra Kumar Dhar Dwivedi
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer CenterUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
| | - Yushan Zhang
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer CenterUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
| | - Geeta Rao
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer CenterUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
| | - Chandra Kumar Elechalwar
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer CenterUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
| | - Vinit Sheth
- Stephenson School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahoma73019USA
| | - Anindya Dey
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
| | - Sima Asfa
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer CenterUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
| | - Suresh Kumar Gulla
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer CenterUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
| | - Chao Xu
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer CenterUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
- Department of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyHudson College of Public HealthUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
| | - Kar‐Ming Fung
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer CenterUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
| | - J. David Robertson
- Department of Chemistry and University of Missouri Research ReactorUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri65211United States
| | - Magdalena Bieniasz
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer CenterUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
- Aging and Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOK 73104USA
| | - Stefan Wilhelm
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer CenterUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
- Stephenson School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahoma73019USA
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringScienceand Technology (IBEST)NormanOklahoma73019USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer CenterUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer CenterUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma73104USA
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Li S, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhang C, Hong Z, Han Z. The synthetic lethality of targeting cell cycle checkpoints and PARPs in cancer treatment. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:147. [PMID: 36253861 PMCID: PMC9578258 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous cell division is a hallmark of cancer, and the underlying mechanism is tumor genomics instability. Cell cycle checkpoints are critical for enabling an orderly cell cycle and maintaining genome stability during cell division. Based on their distinct functions in cell cycle control, cell cycle checkpoints are classified into two groups: DNA damage checkpoints and DNA replication stress checkpoints. The DNA damage checkpoints (ATM-CHK2-p53) primarily monitor genetic errors and arrest cell cycle progression to facilitate DNA repair. Unfortunately, genes involved in DNA damage checkpoints are frequently mutated in human malignancies. In contrast, genes associated with DNA replication stress checkpoints (ATR-CHK1-WEE1) are rarely mutated in tumors, and cancer cells are highly dependent on these genes to prevent replication catastrophe and secure genome integrity. At present, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) operate through “synthetic lethality” mechanism with mutant DNA repair pathways genes in cancer cells. However, an increasing number of patients are acquiring PARP inhibitor resistance after prolonged treatment. Recent work suggests that a combination therapy of targeting cell cycle checkpoints and PARPs act synergistically to increase the number of DNA errors, compromise the DNA repair machinery, and disrupt the cell cycle, thereby increasing the death rate of cancer cells with DNA repair deficiency or PARP inhibitor resistance. We highlight a combinational strategy involving PARP inhibitors and inhibition of two major cell cycle checkpoint pathways, ATM-CHK2-TP53 and ATR-CHK1-WEE1. The biological functions, resistance mechanisms against PARP inhibitors, advances in preclinical research, and clinical trials are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangying Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Changyi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenya Hong
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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34
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Jacobson JC, Qiao J, Clark RA, Chung DH. Combination bromo- and extraterminal domain and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition synergistically enhances DNA damage and inhibits neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:103. [PMID: 36227363 PMCID: PMC9562984 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE JQ1 is a bromo- and extraterminal (BET) domain inhibitor that downregulates MYC expression and impairs the DNA damage response. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors prevent DNA damage sensing and repair. We hypothesized that JQ1 would promote a DNA repair-deficient phenotype that sensitizes neuroblastoma cells to PARP inhibition. METHODS Four human neuroblastoma cell lines were examined: two MYCN-amplified (BE(2)-C and IMR-32), and two non-MYCN-amplified (SK-N-SH and SH-SY5Y). Cells were treated with JQ1 (BET inhibitor), Olaparib (PARP inhibitor), or in combination to assess for therapeutic synergy of JQ1 and Olaparib. Treated cells were harvested and analyzed. Quantitative assessment of combination treatment synergy was performed using the median effect principle of Chou and Talalay. RESULTS Combination treatment with Olaparib decreased the IC50 of JQ1 by 19.9-fold, 2.0-fold, 12.1-fold, and 2.0-fold in the BE(2)-C, IMR-32, SK-N-SH, and SH-SY5Y cell lines, respectively. In the MYCN-amplified cell lines, BE(2)-C and IMR-32, combination treatment decreased gene expression of MYCN relative to single-drug treatment alone or control. Combination treatment decreased protein expression of DNA repair proteins Ku80 and RAD51, led to accumulation of DNA damage marker phospho-histone H2A.X, and increased caspase activity. In the non-MYCN-amplified cell lines, SK-N-SH and SH-SY5Y, combination treatment induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSIONS Combination BET and PARP inhibition synergistically inhibited neuroblastoma tumorigenesis in vitro. In MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells, this effect may be induced by downregulation of MYCN transcription, defects in DNA repair, accumulation of DNA damage, and apoptosis. In non-MYCN-amplified cell lines, combination treatment induced cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian C Jacobson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Health, 1935 Medical District Dr. Mailstop F3.66, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Jingbo Qiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Health, 1935 Medical District Dr. Mailstop F3.66, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Rachael A Clark
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Health, 1935 Medical District Dr. Mailstop F3.66, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Dai H Chung
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Health, 1935 Medical District Dr. Mailstop F3.66, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA.
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35
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Enhanced Antitumoral Activity of Encapsulated BET Inhibitors When Combined with PARP Inhibitors for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast and Ovarian Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184474. [PMID: 36139634 PMCID: PMC9496913 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) have demonstrated antitumoral activity in several cancers harbouring germline and somatic BRCA1/2 mutations. The widespread use of these agents in clinical practice is restricted by the development of acquired resistance due to the presence of compensatory pathways. A strategy to deal with this is the use of combination therapies with drugs that act synergistically against the tumour. BETis can completely disrupt the HR pathway by repressing the expression of BRCA1 and could be aimed at generation combination regimes to overcome PARPi resistance and enhance PARPi efficacy. However, this strategy is hampered by the poor pharmacokinetic profile and short half-life of BETis. In this work and as a proof of concept, we discuss the potential preclinical benefit provided by the combination of the PARPi olaparib and the BET inhibitor JQ1 encapsulated into nanoparticles for the treatment of BRCAness tumours. Abstract BRCA1/2 protein-deficient or mutated cancers comprise a group of aggressive malignancies. Although PARPis have shown considerably efficacy in their treatment, the widespread use of these agents in clinical practice is restricted by various factors, including the development of acquired resistance due to the presence of compensatory pathways. BETis can completely disrupt the HR pathway by repressing the expression of BRCA1 and could be aimed at generation combination regimes to overcome PARPi resistance and enhance PARPi efficacy. Due to the poor pharmacokinetic profile and short half-life, the first-in-class BETi JQ1 was loaded into newly developed nanocarrier formulations to improve the effectivity of olaparib for the treatment of BRCAness cancers. First, polylactide polymeric nanoparticles were generated by double emulsion. Moreover, liposomes were prepared by ethanol injection and evaporation solvent method. JQ1-loaded drug delivery systems display optimal hydrodynamic radii between 60 and 120 nm, with a very low polydispersity index (PdI), and encapsulation efficiencies of 92 and 16% for lipid- and polymeric-based formulations, respectively. Formulations show high stability and sustained release. We confirmed that all assayed JQ1 formulations improved antiproliferative activity compared to the free JQ1 in models of ovarian and breast cancers. In addition, synergistic interaction between JQ1 and JQ1-loaded nanocarriers and olaparib evidenced the ability of encapsulated JQ1 to enhance antitumoral activity of PARPis.
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van der Noord VE, van de Water B, Le Dévédec SE. Targeting the Heterogeneous Genomic Landscape in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer through Inhibitors of the Transcriptional Machinery. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4353. [PMID: 36139513 PMCID: PMC9496798 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer defined by lack of the estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Although TNBC tumors contain a wide variety of oncogenic mutations and copy number alterations, the direct targeting of these alterations has failed to substantially improve therapeutic efficacy. This efficacy is strongly limited by interpatient and intratumor heterogeneity, and thereby a lack in uniformity of targetable drivers. Most of these genetic abnormalities eventually drive specific transcriptional programs, which may be a general underlying vulnerability. Currently, there are multiple selective inhibitors, which target the transcriptional machinery through transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) 7, 8, 9, 12 and 13 and bromodomain extra-terminal motif (BET) proteins, including BRD4. In this review, we discuss how inhibitors of the transcriptional machinery can effectively target genetic abnormalities in TNBC, and how these abnormalities can influence sensitivity to these inhibitors. These inhibitors target the genomic landscape in TNBC by specifically suppressing MYC-driven transcription, inducing further DNA damage, improving anti-cancer immunity, and preventing drug resistance against MAPK and PI3K-targeted therapies. Because the transcriptional machinery enables transcription and propagation of multiple cancer drivers, it may be a promising target for (combination) treatment, especially of heterogeneous malignancies, including TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sylvia E. Le Dévédec
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Tsujikawa LM, Kharenko OA, Stotz SC, Rakai BD, Sarsons CD, Gilham D, Wasiak S, Fu L, Sweeney M, Johansson JO, Wong NCW, Kulikowski E. Breaking boundaries: Pan BETi disrupt 3D chromatin structure, BD2-selective BETi are strictly epigenetic transcriptional regulators. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113230. [PMID: 35687908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bromodomain and extraterminal proteins (BETs) are more than just epigenetic regulators of transcription. Here we highlight a new role for the BET protein BRD4 in the maintenance of higher order chromatin structure at Topologically Associating Domain Boundaries (TADBs). BD2-selective and pan (non-selective) BET inhibitors (BETi) differentially support chromatin structure, selectively affecting transcription and cell viability. METHODS Using RNA-seq and BRD4 ChIP-seq, the differential effect of BETi treatment on the transcriptome and BRD4 chromatin occupancy of human aortic endothelial cells from diabetic patients (dHAECs) stimulated with TNFα was evaluated. Chromatin decondensation and DNA fragmentation was assessed by immunofluorescence imaging and quantification. Key dHAEC findings were verified in proliferating monocyte-like THP-1 cells using real time-PCR, BRD4 co-immunoprecipitation studies, western blots, proliferation and apoptosis assays. FINDINGS We discovered that 1) BRD4 co-localizes with Ying-Yang 1 (YY1) at TADBs, critical chromatin structure complexes proximal to many DNA repair genes. 2) BD2-selective BETi enrich BRD4/YY1 associations, while pan-BETi do not. 3) Failure to support chromatin structures through BRD4/YY1 enrichment inhibits DNA repair gene transcription, which induces DNA damage responses, and causes widespread chromatin decondensation, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis. 4) BD2-selective BETi maintain high order chromatin structure and cell viability, while reducing deleterious pro-inflammatory transcription. INTERPRETATION BRD4 plays a previously unrecognized role at TADBs. BETi differentially impact TADB stability. Our results provide translational insight for the development of BETi as therapeutics for a range of diseases including CVD, chronic kidney disease, cancer, and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Tsujikawa
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Olesya A Kharenko
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Stephanie C Stotz
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Brooke D Rakai
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Christopher D Sarsons
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Dean Gilham
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Sylwia Wasiak
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Li Fu
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Michael Sweeney
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 4010, 44 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA.
| | - Jan O Johansson
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 4010, 44 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA.
| | - Norman C W Wong
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Ewelina Kulikowski
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
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Garcia PL, Miller AL, Zeng L, van Waardenburg RCAM, Yang ES, Yoon KJ. The BET Inhibitor JQ1 Potentiates the Anticlonogenic Effect of Radiation in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:925718. [PMID: 35795040 PMCID: PMC9252418 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.925718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported previously that the BET inhibitor (BETi) JQ1 decreases levels of the DNA repair protein RAD51 and that this decrease is concomitant with increased levels of DNA damage. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that a BETi would augment DNA damage produced by radiation and function as a radiosensitizer. We used clonogenic assays to evaluate the effect of JQ1 ± ionizing radiation (IR) on three pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro. We performed immunofluorescence assays to assess the impact of JQ1 ± IR on DNA damage as reflected by levels of the DNA damage marker γH2AX, and immunoblots to assess levels of the DNA repair protein RAD51. We also compared the effect of these agents on the clonogenic potential of transfectants that expressed contrasting levels of the principle molecular targets of JQ1 (BRD2, BRD4) to determine whether levels of these BET proteins affected sensitivity to JQ1 ± IR. The data show that JQ1 + IR decreased the clonogenic potential of pancreatic cancer cells more than either modality alone. This anticlonogenic effect was associated with increased DNA damage and decreased levels of RAD51. Further, lower levels of BRD2 or BRD4 increased sensitivity to JQ1 and JQ1 + IR, suggesting that pre-treatment levels of BRD2 or BRD4 may predict sensitivity to a BETi or to a BETi + IR. We suggest that a BETi + IR merits evaluation as therapy prior to surgery for pancreatic cancer patients with borderline resectable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L. Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Aubrey L. Miller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ling Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- UAB Medicine Nursing, Oncology Services, UAB Hospital, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Eddy S. Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Karina J. Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Karina J. Yoon,
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French CA, Cheng ML, Hanna GJ, DuBois SG, Chau NG, Hann CL, Storck S, Salgia R, Trucco M, Tseng J, Stathis A, Piekarz R, Lauer UM, Massard C, Bennett K, Coker S, Tontsch-Grunt U, Sos ML, Liao S, Wu CJ, Polyak K, Piha-Paul SA, Shapiro GI. Report of the First International Symposium on NUT Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:2493-2505. [PMID: 35417004 PMCID: PMC9197941 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NUT carcinoma is a rare, aggressive cancer defined by rearrangements of the NUTM1 gene. No routinely effective treatments of NUT carcinoma exist, despite harboring a targetable oncoprotein, most commonly BRD4-NUT. The vast majority of cases are fatal. Poor awareness of the disease is a major obstacle to progress in the treatment of NUT carcinoma. While the incidence likely exceeds that of Ewing sarcoma, and BRD4-NUT heralded the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitor class of selective epigenetic modulators, NUT carcinoma is incorrectly perceived as "impossibly rare," and therefore receives comparatively little private or governmental funding or prioritization by pharma. To raise awareness, propagate scientific knowledge, and initiate a consensus on standard and targeted treatment of NUT carcinoma, we held the First International Symposium on NUT Carcinoma on March 3, 2021. This virtual event had more than eighty attendees from the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Patients with NUT carcinoma and family members were represented and shared perspectives. Broadly, the four areas discussed by experts in the field included (1) the biology of NUT carcinoma; (2) standard approaches to the treatment of NUT carcinoma; (3) results of clinical trials using BET inhibitors; and (4) future directions, including novel BET bromodomain inhibitors, combinatorial approaches, and immunotherapy. It was concluded that standard chemotherapeutic approaches and first-generation BET bromodomain inhibitors, the latter complicated by a narrow therapeutic window, are only modestly effective in a minority of cases. Nonetheless, emerging second-generation targeted inhibitors, novel rational synergistic combinations, and the incorporation of immuno-oncology approaches hold promise to improve the prognosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steven G. DuBois
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole G. Chau
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Simone Storck
- Swabian Children’s Cancer Center, Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | | | | | - Anastasios Stathis
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Richard Piekarz
- Investigational Drug Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP), Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Christophe Massard
- Gustave Roussy-Molecular Radiotherapy INSERM U1030, Faculty of Medicine Kremlin-Bicêtre and Paris-Saclay University , France
| | | | - Shodeinde Coker
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Martin L. Sos
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Molecular Pathology University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany and Department of Translational Genomics and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sida Liao
- TScan Therapeutics, Waltham, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Sarina A. Piha-Paul
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Chen J, Wei Z, Fu K, Duan Y, Zhang M, Li K, Guo T, Yin R. Non-apoptotic cell death in ovarian cancer: Treatment, resistance and prognosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112929. [PMID: 35429741 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is mostly diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the absence of effective screening methods and specific symptoms. Repeated chemotherapy resistance and recurrence before PARPi are used as maintenance therapies, lead to low survival rates and poor prognosis. Apoptotic cell death plays a crucial role in ovarian cancer, which is proved by current researches. With the ongoing development of targeted therapy, non-apoptotic cell death has shown substantial potential in tumor prevention and treatment, including autophagy, ferroptosis, necroptosis, immunogenic cell death, pyroptosis, alkaliptosis, and other modes of cell death. We systematically reviewed the research progress on the role of non-apoptotic cell death in the onset, development, and outcome of ovarian cancer. This review provides a more theoretical basis for exploring therapeutic targets, reversing drug resistance in refractory ovarian cancer, and establishing risk prediction models that help realize the clinical transformation of vital drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhichen Wei
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Kaiyu Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuanqiong Duan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mengpei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kemin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Rutie Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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BRD4 promotes resection and homology-directed repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3016. [PMID: 35641523 PMCID: PMC9156784 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are one of the most toxic forms of DNA damage and represent a major source of genomic instability. Members of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) protein family are characterized as epigenetic readers that regulate gene expression. However, evidence suggests that BET proteins also play a more direct role in DNA repair. Here, we establish a cell-free system using Xenopus egg extracts to elucidate the gene expression-independent functions of BET proteins in DSB repair. We identify the BET protein BRD4 as a critical regulator of homologous recombination and describe its role in stimulating DNA processing through interactions with the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and resection machinery. These results establish BRD4 as a multifunctional regulator of chromatin binding that links transcriptional activity and homology-directed repair. BRD4 is a multifunctional regulator of chromatin binding that plays a direct role in DNA double-strand break repair. BRD4 interacts with the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and resection machinery to promote homologous recombination.
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Zhao L, Guo H, Chen X, Zhang W, He Q, Ding L, Yang B. Tackling drug resistance in ovarian cancer with epigenetic targeted drugs. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 927:175071. [PMID: 35636522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation plays a crucial role in the development and progression of ovarian cancer. Since the first experiment conducted on resistant ovarian cancer cells using demethylating drugs, multiple clinical trials have revealed that epigenetic targeted drugs combined with chemotherapy, molecular-targeted drugs, or even immunotherapy could enhance tumor sensitivity and reverse acquired resistances. Here, we summarized the combination strategies of epigenetic targeted drugs with other treatment strategies of ovarian cancer and discussed the principles of combination therapy. Finally, we enumerated several reasonable clinical trial designs as well as future drug development strategies, which may provide promising ideas for the application of epigenetic drugs to ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongjie Guo
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Miller RE, El-Shakankery KH, Lee JY. PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer: overcoming resistance with combination strategies. J Gynecol Oncol 2022; 33:e44. [PMID: 35320891 PMCID: PMC9024188 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2022.33.e44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer is expanding, with the transition from use in recurrent disease to the first-line setting. This is accompanied with an increasing population of patients who develop acquired PARPi resistance. Coupled with those patients with primary PARPi resistance, there is an urgent need to better understand mechanisms of resistance and identify means to overcome this resistance. Combination therapy offers the potential to overcome innate and acquired resistance, by either working synergistically with PARPi or by restoring homologous recombination deficiency, targeting the homologous recombination repair pathway through an alternate strategy. We discuss mechanisms of PARPi resistance and data on novel combinations which may restore PARPi sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan E Miller
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK.
| | | | - Jung-Yun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zhang J, Yang C, Tang P, Chen J, Zhang D, Li Y, Yang G, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu J, Ouyang L. Discovery of 4-Hydroxyquinazoline Derivatives as Small Molecular BET/PARP1 Inhibitors That Induce Defective Homologous Recombination and Lead to Synthetic Lethality for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6803-6825. [PMID: 35442700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The effective potency and resistance of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors limit their application. Here, we exploit a new paradigm that mimics the effects of breast cancer susceptibility genes (BRCA) mutations to trigger the possibility of synthetic lethality, based on the previous discovery of a potential synthetic lethality effect between bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) and PARP1. Consequently, the present study describes compound BP44 with high selectivity for BRD4 and PARP1. Fortunately, BP44 inhibits the homologous recombination in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and triggers synthetic lethality, thus leading to cell cycle arrest and DNA damage. In conclusion, we optimized the BRD4-PARP1 inhibitor based on previous studies, and we expect it to become a candidate drug for the treatment of TNBC in the future. This strategy aims to expand the use of PARPi in BRCA-competent TNBC, making an innovative approach to address unmet oncology needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Chengcan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Pan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Juncheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Gaoxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
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Resveratrol sensitizes breast cancer to PARP inhibitor, talazoparib through dual inhibition of AKT and autophagy flux. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115024. [PMID: 35367197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) is largely limited to the homologous recombination (HR) deficient cancers. Therefore, there is a necessity to explore novel drug combinations with PARPi to enhance its anti-cancer activity in HR-proficient cancers. By analysing the patient data in cBioPortal, we found copy number amplification of PARP1 in ∼ 22.8% of breast cancers. PARP1 upregulation has been correlated with unfavourable outcome with PARPi treatment. To overcome this adversity, we explored the effect of resveratrol, a natural molecule chemosensitizer, in enhancing the effects of the third generation PARPi, talazoparib (BMN673), against breast adenocarcinoma. Our results show that resveratrol effectively sensitized talazoparib induced cell death in HR proficient and BRCA wild-type breast cancer cells in vitro. Mechanistically, resveratrol caused dysregulation of cell cycle and enhanced talazoparib-induced double strand breaks (DSBs), leading to abnormal mitotic progression culminating in mitotic catastrophe. Intriguingly, our results showed potential of resveratrol in dual-inhibition of AKT-signalling and autophagy flux to impair HR-mediated DSB-repair in breast cancer cells. By using EGFP-LC3 and tf-LC3 (mRFP-EGFP-LC3) expressing breast cancer cells, we found that resveratrol attenuates fusion of autophagosome and lysosome though induction of lysosomal-membrane-permeabilization (LMP). The combination of resveratrol and talazoparib effectively reduced cell proliferation in the high-density cell proliferation assay and also led to tumour volume reduction in vivo pre-clinical SCID-mice model. The combination caused no or minimal cytotoxicity in three different normal cell lines in vitro. Taken together, our work proposes the usage of resveratrol as a chemosensitizer along with talazoparib for targeting HR-proficient breast cancers in clinical settings.
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Li X, Baek G, Carreira S, Yuan W, Ma S, Hofstad M, Lee S, Gao Y, Bertan C, Fenor de la Maza MDLD, Alluri PG, Burma S, Chen BP, Raj GV, de Bono J, Pommier Y, Mani RS. Targeting radioresistance and replication fork stability in prostate cancer. JCI Insight 2022; 7:152955. [PMID: 35349486 PMCID: PMC9090241 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family of chromatin reader proteins bind to acetylated histones and regulate gene expression. The development of BET inhibitors (BETi) has expanded our knowledge of BET protein function beyond transcriptional regulation and has ushered several prostate cancer (PCa) clinical trials. However, BETi as a single agent is not associated with antitumor activity in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We hypothesized novel combinatorial strategies are likely to enhance the efficacy of BETi. By using PCa patient-derived explants and xenograft models, we show that BETi treatment enhanced the efficacy of radiation therapy (RT) and overcame radioresistance. Mechanistically, BETi potentiated the activity of RT by blocking DNA repair. We also report a synergistic relationship between BETi and topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors (TOP1i). We show that the BETi OTX015 synergized with the new class of synthetic noncamptothecin TOP1i, LMP400 (indotecan), to block tumor growth in aggressive CRPC xenograft models. Mechanistically, BETi potentiated the antitumor activity of TOP1i by disrupting replication fork stability. Longitudinal analysis of patient tumors indicated that TOP1 transcript abundance increased as patients progressed from hormone-sensitive prostate cancer to CRPC. TOP1 was highly expressed in metastatic CRPC, and its expression correlated with the expression of BET family genes. These studies open new avenues for the rational combinatorial treatment of aggressive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - GuemHee Baek
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Suzanne Carreira
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy and Cancer Biomarkers Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Yuan
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy and Cancer Biomarkers Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sora Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yunpeng Gao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Claudia Bertan
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy and Cancer Biomarkers Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Maria de los Dolores Fenor de la Maza
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy and Cancer Biomarkers Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Prasanna G. Alluri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sandeep Burma
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology and Department of Neurosurgery, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Benjamin P.C. Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Johann de Bono
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy and Cancer Biomarkers Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ram S. Mani
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Urology and
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Wu Q, Xuan YF, Su AL, Bao XB, Miao ZH, Wang YQ. TNKS inhibitors potentiate proliferative inhibition of BET inhibitors via reducing β-Catenin in colorectal cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:1069-1087. [PMID: 35411247 PMCID: PMC8984892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an aggressive malignancy with limited options for treatment. Targeting the bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) proteins by using BET inhibitors (BETis) could effectively interrupt the interaction with acetylated histones, inhibit genes transcription and have shown a certain effect on CRC inhibition. To improve the efficacy, the inhibitors of Tankyrases, which cause accumulation of AXIN through dePARsylation, in turn facilitate the degradation of β-Catenin and suppress the growth of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)-mutated CRCs, were tested together with BETi as a combination treatment. We examined the effects of BETi and Tankyrases inhibitor (TNKSi) together on the proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of human CRCs cell lines with APC or CTNNB1 mutation, and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms affected by the double treatment. The result showed that the TNKSi could sensitize all tested CRC cell lines to BETi, and the synergistic effect was not only seen in cell proliferation inhibition, but also confirmed in decreased colony-forming ability and weaken EdU incorporation compared with monotherapy. Combined treatment resulted in enhanced G1 cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis. In addition, we found β-Catenin was potentially inhibited by the combination and revealed that both BETi-induced transcriptional inhibition and TNKSi-mediated protein degradation all reduced the β-Catenin accumulation. In all, the synergistic effects suggest that combination of BETi and TNKSi could provide novel treatment opportunities for CRC, but both TNKSi and combination strategy need to be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNo. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi-Fei Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNo. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ai-Ling Su
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNo. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu-Bin Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNo. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNo. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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Dual-target inhibitors based on PARP1: new trend in the development of anticancer research. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:511-525. [PMID: 35257598 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP1 is a hot target, and its inhibitors have been approved for cancer therapy. However, some undesirable properties restrict the application of PARP1 inhibitors, including drug resistance, side effects and low efficiency. For multifactorial diseases, dual-target drugs have exhibited excellent synergistic effects, such as reduced drug resistance, low side effects and high therapeutic efficacy, by simultaneously regulating the main pathogenic and compensatory signal pathways of diseases. In recent years, several dual-target inhibitors based on PARP1 have been reported and have demonstrated unique advantages. In this review we summarize the research progress in dual-target inhibitors based on PARP1 and discuss the related drug design strategies and structure-activity relationships. This work is expected to provide references for the development of PARP1 inhibitors.
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Shim JI, Ryu JY, Jeong SY, Cho YJ, Choi JJ, Hwang JR, Choi JY, Sa JK, Lee JW. Combination effect of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor and DNA demethylating agents for treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2022; 165:270-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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50
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Design, synthesis and mechanism studies of novel dual PARP1/BRD4 inhibitors against pancreatic cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 230:114116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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