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Meng G, Wang L, Zhong B, Wang S, Li Q, Liu X. Unpacking interplays between competitiveness, cooperativeness, and social comparison orientation: A network psychometric approach and replication. Br J Psychol 2024. [PMID: 39264351 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence highlights the role of social comparison in competition and cooperation, yet the dynamics among competitiveness, cooperativeness, and social comparison orientation (SCO) remain underexplored. In the present study, we sought to unravel these complex interplays employing graphical Gaussian models (GGMs) and characterize the network structures utilizing cross-sectional data derived from 1073 Chinese participants. A pre-registered independent sample (n = 1348) served to examine the replicability and robustness of our initial findings. Moreover, we explored the Bayesian networks (i.e., directed acyclic graphs) to delve into their probabilistic directed dependencies. Our analysis identified an interpersonal co-opetition network where SCO bridges competitiveness and cooperativeness, emphasizing the key influence of the desire to surpass others. We also found a significant gender effect on the levels of these orientations but not on the network patterns. Additionally, the replication sample offered validation for the resultant network structure and its key nodes. In sum, these findings provide a new insight into the symbiotic relationship between competitiveness and cooperativeness within the framework of social comparison, offering significant theoretical and practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangteng Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bowei Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shujing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Flett GL, Nepon T, Hewitt PL, Su C, Yacyshyn C, Moore K, Lahijanian A. The Social Comparison Rumination Scale: Development, Psychometric Properties, and Associations With Perfectionism, Narcissism, Burnout, and Distress. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT 2024; 42:685-704. [PMID: 39157722 PMCID: PMC11326977 DOI: 10.1177/07342829241238300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
In the current article, we describe the development and validation of the Social Comparison Rumination Scale. This measured was developed as a supplement to existing social comparison measures and to enable us to determine its potential relevance to perfectionism and other personality constructs. The Social Comparison Rumination Scale (SCRS) is a six-item inventory assessing the extent to which an individual is cognitively preoccupied and thinking repetitively about social comparison outcomes and information. Three studies with five samples of university students are described. Psychometric analyses established the SCRS consists of one factor assessed with high internal consistency and the measure is reliable and valid. Analyses showed that elevated levels of social comparison rumination are associated with trait perfectionism, perfectionistic automatic thoughts, perfectionistic self-presentation, ruminative brooding, burnout, depression, and fear of negative evaluation. Links were also established between social comparison rumination and both narcissism and dispositional envy. Overall, our findings support the further use of the SCRS and highlight the tendency of many people to think in deleterious ways about social comparisons long after the actual comparisons have taken place. We discuss social comparison rumination within the context of concerns about excessive social media use and young people being exposed to seemingly perfect lives that became a vexing cognitive preoccupation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul L Hewitt
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chang Su
- Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada
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3
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Wang Y, Elliot AJ, Derrington E, Li Y. The link between social comparison orientation and domain-specific risk-taking: exploring the mediating role of two dimensions of trait competitiveness. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1340009. [PMID: 38895501 PMCID: PMC11184562 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1340009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Our recent research has demonstrated that social comparison orientation of ability (SCO-ability) is an antecedent of trait competitiveness (TC), and TC mediates the relation between SCO-ability and domain-specific risk-taking. TC is a multi-dimensional trait, therefore we sought to expand on prior research by examining whether SCO-ability predicted two distinct dimensions of TC: hypercompetitive orientation (HCO) and self-development competitive orientation (SDCO). Methods We investigated how these different dimensions of TC mediated the relation between SCO-ability and both overall and domain-specific risk-taking in two correlational studies of 622 college students (313 males, mean age = 22.10, SD = 2.35) and 717 adult workers (368 males, mean age = 27.92, SD = 5.11). Results We found that SCO-ability positively predicted HCO. Together, SCO-ability and HCO predicted overall risk-taking and risk-taking in the recreational and ethical domains in both samples. HCO mediated the relation between SCO-ability and both overall risk-taking and risk-taking in the recreational and ethical domains. Additionally, SCO-ability positively predicted SDCO. SCO-ability and SDCO mainly predicted risk-taking in the recreational domain in both studies. SDCO mediated the relation between SCO-ability and risk-taking only in the recreational domain. Discussion Collectively, the findings above advance our understanding of the relation between competition and risk-taking by using differentiated measures of TC (HCO and SDCO). Our findings suggest that HCO is more strongly related to risk-taking than SDCO, thereby refining the possible role of SCO-ability and TC in predicting overall risk-taking and domain-specific risk-taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Wang
- Reward, Competition and Social Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Andrew J. Elliot
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | | | - Yansong Li
- Reward, Competition and Social Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Servidio R, Soraci P, Griffiths MD, Boca S, Demetrovics Z. Fear of missing out and problematic social media use: A serial mediation model of social comparison and self-esteem. Addict Behav Rep 2024; 19:100536. [PMID: 38495391 PMCID: PMC10943642 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) is consistently associated with problematic social media use (PSMU). Moreover, previous studies have shown a significant association between FoMO, self-esteem, and social comparison. However, there is a lack of studies that have investigated the relationship between, FoMO, social comparison, self-esteem, and PSMU in an integrated model. The present study hypothesized that FoMO may influence PSMU through the serial mediating role of social comparison and self-esteem. Method A cross-sectional survey study was conducted comprising 256 Italian university students (74.4% female), aged 18 to 38 years (M = 23.05 years; SD = 3.58). The participants completed an online survey assessing the variables of the study. Results Controlling for age and gender, the results showed positive associations between FoMO, social comparison, and PSMU, and a negative association between FoMO and self-esteem. Self-esteem was also negatively associated with PSMU. It was also found that social comparison and self-esteem sequentially mediated the association between FoMO and PSMU. Conclusions The present study contributes to understanding the mechanisms that underline the complex effects of FoMO on PSMU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Servidio
- Department of Culture, Education and Society, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Building Cube 20/B, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Soraci
- Università Niccolo Cusano, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi, n.3, Roma, Italy
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Boca
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Spain
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Chen L, Xu Y, He Y. Social media use in the workplace: The role of social comparison in negative behaviors. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 243:104144. [PMID: 38301407 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The pervasive use of social media in professional environments has become a focal point of contemporary research. Particularly, the routine engagement of employees with platforms like Facebook and WeChat during work hours exposes them to peers' achievements, potentially triggering upward social comparisons. This study investigates the often-overlooked psychological and behavioral consequences of such comparisons among employees in workplace settings. Specifically, we address a significant research gap by examining how upward social comparisons on social media influence employees' emotions and subsequent workplace behaviors. Utilizing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) for data analysis, this research analyzes responses from 477 high-tech employees in China. Our findings reveal that upward social comparisons can engender feelings of workplace envy and ego depletion. These emotional states, in turn, adversely impact employee behavior, manifesting in diminished job performance, increased tendency towards knowledge hiding, and heightened engagement in cyber loafing. This study contributes to the broader understanding of social media's impact on employee psychology and behavior, offering valuable insights for both academic research and practical management within the context of technology-enhanced workplace environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linmin Chen
- School of Marxism, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Transportation, Fujian University of Technology, 350000 Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuan He
- School of Economics and Management, Fujian Polytechnic of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, 366000 Yong'an, China.
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Ding Y, Sun C, Dong B. Effect of parental rearing styles on adolescent ego identity: the mediating role of involutionary attitudes. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1292718. [PMID: 38356993 PMCID: PMC10866008 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1292718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have found that negative parental rearing styles can negatively predict the acquisition of ego identity, while it has not been discussed whether the overcompetitive attitudes, a stable personality, will further hinder their ego identity development under the model of educational involutionary. The study used the Overcompetitive Attitude Scale, the Brief Parental Rearing Styles Questionnaire, and the Ego Identity Status Scale to investigate 550 young students in a school in Suzhou in order to explore the influence of parental rearing styles on adolescents' ego identity development and the role of involutional attitudes. The results showed that: (1) Adolescents' overcompetitive attitude was positively predicted by parental rejection and overprotection, while it was negatively predicted by parental emotional warmth. (2) Parental emotional warmth significantly predicted adolescents' ego identity status more favorably than parental rejection, overprotection, and overcompetitive attitude. (3) Overcompetitive attitude plays a partial intermediary role between parental rearing style and ego identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- School of Education, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
- Qianhuang Experimental Senior High School, Changzhou, China
| | - Changan Sun
- School of Education, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Dong
- School of Education, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
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Pinto da Costa M, Virdi K, Kouroupa A. A Phone Pal to overcome social isolation in patients with psychosis-Findings from a feasibility trial. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2024; 3:e0000410. [PMID: 38215157 PMCID: PMC10786382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
People with psychosis often experience social isolation due to stigma. Several volunteering programmes that exist in the community to support patients expect in-person meetings, requiring greater availability and commitment. This study investigated the acceptability and feasibility of remote volunteering over a smartphone for people with psychosis over 12 weeks, exploring its potential impact on both patients and volunteers. A total of 36 participants took part in the study. In the first phase, six participants were recruited in less than three weeks in London. All established contact with their match, and there were no study withdrawals. In the second phase, 30 additional participants were recruited in four weeks, across the United Kingdom. Most patients and volunteers reported that they primarily used audio calls to make contact, followed by text messages, WhatsApp messages and video calls. There were improvements in patients' scores of quality of life, self-esteem, social contacts and symptoms, and in volunteers' ratings of quality of life, physical activity, self-esteem, social comparison, and social distance towards people with mental illness. This study demonstrates that it is feasible, acceptable and safe to remotely connect volunteers and people with psychosis who are afar. Trial registration: ISRCTN17586238 (registration date: 28/09/2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pinto da Costa
- King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kirat Virdi
- Essex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, United Kingdom
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Astleitner H, Bains A, Hörmann S. The effects of personality and social media experiences on mental health: Examining the mediating role of fear of missing out, ghosting, and vaguebooking. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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9
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Keum BT, Li X. Online Racism, Rumination, and Vigilance: Impact on Distress, Loneliness, and Alcohol Use. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00110000221143521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We examined the potential anticipatory response (rumination, vigilance) associated with online racism and its impact on psychological distress, loneliness, and alcohol use severity. With a sample of 407 racial minority adults, we conducted a path analysis to examine the indirect relation of online racism on our outcome variables via online racism-related rumination and offline racism-related vigilance. Online racism was significantly linked to psychological distress, alcohol use severity, and loneliness. Rumination and vigilance explained significant indirect relations between online racism and psychological distress and loneliness. Only rumination explained the significant indirect relation between online racism and alcohol use severity. Posthoc multigroup analysis suggested that the path model estimates for the full sample applied equivalently to the African American/Black, Asian/Asian American, and Latinx/Hispanic American groups. Online racism is likely an unjust burden for racial minority individuals that may give rise to prolonged rumination and anticipation about facing racial discrimination in their offline world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian TaeHyuk Keum
- Department of Social Welfare, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Social comparison and problematic social media use: Relationships between five different social media platforms and three different social comparison constructs. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Chae J. Comparison, Competition, and Consumption: The 3Cs of Contemporary Motherhood in the Context of Children’s Education. SEX ROLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-022-01334-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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The Mediating Effects of Social Comparison on Faculty Burnout, Teaching Anxiety, and Satisfaction Among Faculty Who Taught During the COVID-19 Pandemic. TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9668215 DOI: 10.1007/s43076-022-00246-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Guo S, Bi K, Zhang L, Jiang H. How Does Social Comparison Influence Chinese Adolescents' Flourishing through Short Videos? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:8093. [PMID: 35805753 PMCID: PMC9266214 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Flourishing indicates one's emotional status and functioning level and is essential for adolescents' further development. Adolescents' social media use has been rising, with various potential effects on their development. Therefore, in this study, we shifted the emphasis from a traditional deficit-based approach to a strength-based approach by exploring how social comparison and social media usage influence Chinese adolescents' flourishing. Altogether, 786 Chinese adolescents aged 12-19 years completed a self-report questionnaire. The results indicate that (1) both social media social comparison of ability (SCA) and social media social comparison of opinion (SCO) have no significant effect on Chinese adolescents' flourishing; (2) integration into social routine has a positive indirect effect on the relationship between social media social comparison and flourishing; and (3) social integration and emotional connection negatively affect the relationship between social media social comparison and flourishing. These findings highlight the interaction between social media social comparison and social media usage. Furthermore, the results of this study clarify that the potentially harmful effect of social media usage on adolescents' flourishing is not determined by the frequency or time spent on using social media, but how much adolescents are connected to or invested in social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Guo
- College of Public Administration and Humanities, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China;
| | - Kun Bi
- School of New Media, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Liwei Zhang
- School of Public Administration, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - He Jiang
- Department of Social Psychology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China;
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Huang X, Fan P. The dark side of social media in the workplace: A social comparison perspective. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
The social comparison theory explains some negative effect of social networking sites (SNSs) use. These Internet applications have made easier the online social comparison that in turn predicts depression and lower life satisfaction. Individuals prone to depression engage in greater levels of social comparison, particularly with others who are thought to be slightly better off, and experience a decrease in mood or self-esteem in the light of others? perceived happiness. The present study aimed at investigating the impact of the use of SNSs on the mood in an experimental design. In total, 120 university students were randomly assigned to one of two groups. In the experimental groups, the participants were instructed to access their Facebook and browse personal profiles for 20 minutes; while in the control, they read articles. For the participants with initial low mood using Facebook further lowered their mood whereas for the other participants did not have any effect. Furthermore, using Facebook lowered the mood of the participants not accustomed to use it frequently.
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Noon EJ, Schuck LA, Guțu SM, Şahin B, Vujović B, Aydın Z. To compare, or not to compare? Age moderates the relationship between social comparisons on instagram and identity processes during adolescence and emerging adulthood. J Adolesc 2021; 93:134-145. [PMID: 34749167 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social networking sites such as Instagram have provided young people with unprecedented opportunities for social comparison, and such behaviour can have implications for identity development. Although initial evidence suggests that there may be developmental differences in terms of how such behaviour informs identity development during adolescence and emerging adulthood, all previous research has been conducted in highly individualistic cultural contexts (i.e., the UK and the US). METHOD To shed further light on these possible developmental differences and to determine whether results replicate amongst young people from more collectivist cultural contexts, cross-sectional survey data were collected from 1,085 (M age = 18.87, SD = 2.57; Female = 77.8%) adolescents and emerging adults in Romania and Serbia between December 2019 and March 2020. The relationships between social comparisons of ability and opinion on Instagram and three key identity processes (i.e., commitment, in-depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment) were then examined. RESULT Hierarchical multiple regression analyses identified significant age differences in terms of how social comparisons of ability and opinion on Instagram associated with identity commitment and in-depth exploration. Furthermore, possible cultural differences were identified in terms of how social comparisons of opinion on Instagram associated with the identity processes. CONCLUSION Overall, results suggest that whilst social comparisons on Instagram can elicit self-focus and prompt further exploration, developmental and cultural factors may influence how such behaviour informs identity development during adolescence and emerging adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward John Noon
- Institute of Childhood and Education, Leeds Trinity University, Brownberrie Lane, Horsforth, LS18 5HD, UK.
| | - Leon Aljosha Schuck
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010, Vienna, Austria
| | - Smaranda Maria Guțu
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Bucharest, 90 Panduri Street, Sector 5, Bucharest, 050663, Romania
| | - Burak Şahin
- Aviation Psychology Research Institute, Istanbul University, Kalenderhane Mah, Bozdoğan Kemeri Cad 7, Vezneciler, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Bojana Vujović
- Faculty of Philosophy, Psychology, University of Belgrade, Čika Ljubina 18-20, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Zeynep Aydın
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padova, Italy
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Kim H, Schlicht R, Schardt M, Florack A. The contributions of social comparison to social network site addiction. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257795. [PMID: 34710108 PMCID: PMC8553147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive use of social network sites (SNSs) can often lead to negative consequences of frequent upward social comparisons despite having the social network platform to present users in a favorable light. However, the existing literature gives little evidence to social comparison related antecedents and consequents of uncontrollable use of SNSs. The present study aimed to investigate the contributions of social comparison to SNS addiction. In Study 1, using a convenient sample in Austria (n = 103), we showed that the tendency to engage in social comparisons of ability (but not of opinion) predicted self-reported SNS addiction over and above the feelings of relative deprivation on social support and status. SNS addiction mediated the relations between social comparison of ability and stress, but not self-esteem. In Study 2, using a broad sample of participants in Austria (n = 500), we replicated the findings observed in Study 1 and showed that contrastive upward social comparison emotions (i.e., envy, depression) mediated the relation between SNS addiction and lower self-esteem whereas the contrastive downward social comparison emotion (i.e., contentment) mediated the relation between SNS addiction and higher self-esteem. Our findings suggest that SNS addiction closely relates to psychological constructs relevant to social comparison, mediates the link between social comparison of ability and detrimental consequences (i.e., stress, well-being) and demonstrate how social comparison emotions relate to both positive and negative associations between SNS addiction and self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Kim
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Marlit Schardt
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnd Florack
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Faelens L, Hoorelbeke K, Cambier R, van Put J, Van de Putte E, De Raedt R, Koster EH. The relationship between Instagram use and indicators of mental health: A systematic review. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Liu Z, Elliot AJ, Li Y. Social comparison orientation and trait competitiveness: Their interrelation and utility in predicting overall and domain-specific risk-taking. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lee JK. The effects of social comparison orientation on psychological well-being in social networking sites: Serial mediation of perceived social support and self-esteem. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 41:6247-6259. [PMID: 33078053 PMCID: PMC7556555 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of the social comparison orientation in social networking sites on psychological well-being. In particular, it examines the mediation effect of perceived social support and self-esteem in the relationship between social comparison orientation and psychological well-being. Data were collected through an online survey with 236 participants in South Korea. The results showed that social comparison orientation negatively influenced psychological well-being. In the relationship between social comparison orientation and psychological well-being, perceived social support had no mediation effect, self-esteem had a significant negative mediation effect, and perceived social support and self-esteem had a negative serial mediation effect. The social comparison orientation in social networking sites could elicit negative emotions, which decrease perceived social support, self-esteem, and psychological well-being. Theoretical and practical implications as well as suggestions for future studies are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyun Lee
- School of Advertising & Public Relations, Hongik University, B303-1, 2639, Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong-si, 30016 South Korea
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Jabłońska MR, Zajdel R. Artificial neural networks for predicting social comparison effects among female Instagram users. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229354. [PMID: 32097446 PMCID: PMC7041802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systematic exposure to social media causes social comparisons, especially among women who compare their image to others; they are particularly vulnerable to mood decrease, self-objectification, body concerns, and lower perception of themselves. This study first investigates the possible links between life satisfaction, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and the intensity of Instagram use with a social comparison model. In the study, 974 women age 18–49 who were Instagram users voluntarily participated, completing a questionnaire. The results suggest associations between the analyzed psychological data and social comparison types. Then, artificial neural networks models were implemented to predict the type of such comparison (positive, negative, equal) based on the aforementioned psychological traits. The models were able to properly predict between 71% and 82% of cases. As human behavior analysis has been a subject of study in various fields of science, this paper contributes towards understanding the role of artificial intelligence methods for analyzing behavioral data in psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta R. Jabłońska
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, Institute of Logistics and Informatics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, Institute of Logistics and Informatics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Yang CC, Holden SM, Carter MDK, Webb JJ. Social media social comparison and identity distress at the college transition: A dual-path model. J Adolesc 2018; 69:92-102. [PMID: 30278321 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social media provide a convenient platform for social comparison, an activity that should play an important role in youth's identity development at the transition to college. Yet, the identity implications of online social comparison have not been thoroughly explored. Drawing on the theories of social comparison, introspective processes, and identity distress, we examined a dual-path model. The paths from two types of social media social comparison (i.e., comparison of ability and comparison of opinion) to two introspective processes (i.e., rumination and reflection) and finally to identity distress were tested. METHODS Short-term longitudinal survey data were collected from 219 college freshmen at a state university in the United States of America (Mage = 18.29, S.D. = 0.75; 74% female; 41% White, 38% Black). RESULTS Social comparison of ability on social media had a positive association with concurrent rumination, which predicted higher identity distress. In contrast, social comparison of opinion on social media had a positive relationship with concurrent reflection, which, however, did not predict identity distress. CONCLUSION Results indicate that different types of online social comparison yield distinct implications for young people's identity development. Largely, the study reaffirms the recently rising call for distinguishing the competition-based social comparison of ability from the information-based social comparison of opinion. At the same time, the study expands current knowledge of why these forms of social comparison may lead to differential outcomes, namely through the type of introspection they induce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Yang
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology and Research, University of Memphis, 100 Ball Hall, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | - Sean M Holden
- Office of Institutional Research, University of Memphis, 211 Administration Building, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Mollie D K Carter
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology and Research, University of Memphis, 100 Ball Hall, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Jessica J Webb
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology and Research, University of Memphis, 100 Ball Hall, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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