1
|
Huang C, Zabala D, de los Santos ELC, Song L, Corre C, Alkhalaf L, Challis G. Parallelized gene cluster editing illuminates mechanisms of epoxyketone proteasome inhibitor biosynthesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:1488-1499. [PMID: 36718812 PMCID: PMC9943649 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in DNA sequencing technology and bioinformatics have revealed the enormous potential of microbes to produce structurally complex specialized metabolites with diverse uses in medicine and agriculture. However, these molecules typically require structural modification to optimize them for application, which can be difficult using synthetic chemistry. Bioengineering offers a complementary approach to structural modification but is often hampered by genetic intractability and requires a thorough understanding of biosynthetic gene function. Expression of specialized metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in heterologous hosts can surmount these problems. However, current approaches to BGC cloning and manipulation are inefficient, lack fidelity, and can be prohibitively expensive. Here, we report a yeast-based platform that exploits transformation-associated recombination (TAR) for high efficiency capture and parallelized manipulation of BGCs. As a proof of concept, we clone, heterologously express and genetically analyze BGCs for the structurally related nonribosomal peptides eponemycin and TMC-86A, clarifying remaining ambiguities in the biosynthesis of these important proteasome inhibitors. Our results show that the eponemycin BGC also directs the production of TMC-86A and reveal contrasting mechanisms for initiating the assembly of these two metabolites. Moreover, our data shed light on the mechanisms for biosynthesis and incorporation of 4,5-dehydro-l-leucine (dhL), an unusual nonproteinogenic amino acid incorporated into both TMC-86A and eponemycin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Huang
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Chuan Huang. Tel: +61 03 9905 1750;
| | - Daniel Zabala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Emmanuel L C de los Santos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Lijiang Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Christophe Corre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Lona M Alkhalaf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu Y, Zhou Q, Zhang Z, Pan H, Ilina Y, Metsä‐Ketelä M, Igarashi Y, Tang G. Deciphering the Origin and Formation of Aminopyrrole Moiety in Kosinostatin Biosynthesis. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Shanghai 200032 China
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Zhuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Hai‐Xue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub‐lane Xiangshan Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Yulia Ilina
- Department of Biochemistry University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FIN‐20014 Finland
| | - Mikko Metsä‐Ketelä
- Department of Biochemistry University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FIN‐20014 Finland
| | - Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Biotechnology Research Center Toyama Prefectural University 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu Toyama 939‐0398 Japan
| | - Gong‐Li Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub‐lane Xiangshan Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lapenda JCL, Alves VP, Adam ML, Rodrigues MD, Nascimento SC. Cytotoxic Effect of Prodigiosin, Natural Red Pigment, Isolated from Serratia marcescens UFPEDA 398. Indian J Microbiol 2020; 60:182-195. [PMID: 32255851 PMCID: PMC7105545 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-020-00859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodigiosin is a secondary metabolite, with red pigmentation, produced by Serratia marcescens. Red pigment is a natural alkaloid whose chemical structure has three pyrrole rings. Prodigiosin has been described for several biological activities, including antitumor, inducing apotosis in T and B lymphocytes. This work aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of prodigiosin in NCHI-292, HEp-2, MCF-7 and HL-60 tumor cell lines. The red pigment was isolated from Serratia marcescens UFPEDA 398 biomass whose fractions were previously separated by column chromatography, purified, identified and further characterized by GC-MS and compared with the computerized library of m/z values. The pigment corresponded to prodigiosin with maximum absorption at 534 nm, molecular weight 323 and structural formula C20H25N3O. During the prodigiosin purification process a purple absorbance fraction at 272.65 nm was also observed. Significant cytotoxic effects of prodigiosin were evidenced for NCHI-292, Hep-2, MCF-7 and HL-60 tumor cell lines. The isolated purple fraction had no cytotoxic effect (IC50 11.3 µg/mL) when compared to prodigiosin (IC50 3.4 µg/mL) for the tumor cell lines studied. The MCF-7 strain was slightly more pigment resistant (IC50 5.1 µg/mL). Therefore, further studies will be needed to elucidate the antitumor mechanisms of prodigiosin action against tumor strains from flow cytometry tests. However, although these data are preliminary, it was evidenced that prodigiosin showed cytotoxic activity in tumor cell lines suggesting promising antitumor properties. In this sense, future studies on the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of prodigiosin produced by S. marcecsens UFPEDA 398 are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. C. L. Lapenda
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE Brazil
| | - V. P. Alves
- Immunology Laboratory, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Recife, PE Brazil
| | - M. L. Adam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Academic Center of Vitória, Recife, PE Brazil
| | - M. D. Rodrigues
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE Brazil
| | - S. C. Nascimento
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vitale GA, Sciarretta M, Palma Esposito F, January GG, Giaccio M, Bunk B, Spröer C, Bajerski F, Power D, Festa C, Monti MC, D'Auria MV, de Pascale D. Genomics-Metabolomics Profiling Disclosed Marine Vibrio spartinae 3.6 as a Producer of a New Branched Side Chain Prodigiosin. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1495-1504. [PMID: 32275146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of prescreening tests for antimicrobial activity of 59 bacterial isolates from sediments of Ria Formosa Lagoon (Algarve, Portugal) disclosed Vibrio spartinae 3.6 as the most active antibacterial producing strain. This bacterial strain, which has not previously been submitted for chemical profiling, was subjected to de novo whole genome sequencing, which aided in the discovery and elucidation of a prodigiosin biosynthetic gene cluster that was predicted by the bioinformatic tool KEGG BlastKoala. Comparative genomics led to the identification of a new membrane di-iron oxygenase-like enzyme, annotated as Vspart_02107, which is likely to be involved in the biosynthesis of cycloprodigiosin and analogues. The combined genomics-metabolomics profiling of the strain led to the isolation and identification of one new branched-chain prodigiosin (5) and to the detection of two new cyclic forms. Furthermore, the evaluation of the minimum inhibitory concentrations disclosed the major prodigiosin as very effective against multi-drug-resistant pathogens including Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, a clinical isolate of Listeria monocytogenes, as well as some human pathogens reported by the World Health Organization as prioritized targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Andrea Vitale
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Sciarretta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II" (UNINA), Via Domenico Montesanto, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fortunato Palma Esposito
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, I-80131 Naples, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Villa Comunale di Napoli, I-80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Grant Garren January
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Giaccio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Boyke Bunk
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, German
| | - Cathrin Spröer
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, German
| | - Felizitas Bajerski
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, German
| | - Deborah Power
- Centro de Ciencias do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Carmen Festa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II" (UNINA), Via Domenico Montesanto, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno (UNISA), I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Maria Valeria D'Auria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II" (UNINA), Via Domenico Montesanto, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Donatella de Pascale
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, I-80131 Naples, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Villa Comunale di Napoli, I-80121 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yi JS, Yoo HW, Kim EJ, Yang YH, Kim BG. Engineering Streptomyces coelicolor for production of monomethyl branched chain fatty acids. J Biotechnol 2019; 307:69-76. [PMID: 31689468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) are an appealing biorefinery-driven target of fatty acid (FA) production. BCFAs typically have lower melting points compared to straight chain FAs, making them useful in lubricants and biofuels. Actinobacteria, especially Streptomyces species, have unique secondary metabolism that are capable of producing not only antibiotics, but also high percentage of BCFAs in their membrane lipids. Since biosynthesis of polyketide (PK) and FA partially share common pathways to generate acyl-CoA precursors, in theory, Streptomyces sp. with high levels of PK antibiotics production can be easily manipulated into strains producing high levels of BCFAs. To increase the percentage of the BCFA moieties in lipids, we redirected acyl-CoA precursor fluxes from PK into BCFAs using S. coelicolor M1146 (M1146) as a host strain. In addition, 3-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase III and branched chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase were overexpressed to push fluxes of branched chain acyl-CoA precursors towards FA synthesis. The maximum titer of 354.1 mg/L BCFAs, 90.3% of the total FA moieties, was achieved using M1146dD-B, fadD deletion and bkdABC overexpression mutant of M1146 strain. Cell specific yield of 64.4 mg/L/gcell was also achieved. The production titer and specific yield are the highest ever reported in bacterial cells, which provides useful insights to develop an efficient host strain for BCFAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Sang Yi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Wang Yoo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Program for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications (CBRU), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Byung-Gee Kim
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nofiani R, Philmus B, Nindita Y, Mahmud T. 3-Ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KAS) III homologues and their roles in natural product biosynthesis. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1517-1530. [PMID: 31673313 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00162j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KAS) III proteins are one of the most abundant enzymes in nature, as they are involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and natural products. KAS III enzymes catalyse a carbon-carbon bond formation reaction that involves the α-carbon of a thioester and the carbonyl carbon of another thioester. In addition to the typical KAS III enzymes involved in fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis, there are proteins homologous to KAS III enzymes that catalyse reactions that are different from that of the traditional KAS III enzymes. Those include enzymes that are responsible for a head-to-head condensation reaction, the formation of acetoacetyl-CoA in mevalonate biosynthesis, tailoring processes via C-O bond formation or esterification, as well as amide formation. This review article highlights the diverse reactions catalysed by this class of enzymes and their role in natural product biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Risa Nofiani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Oregon State University , Corvallis , OR 97333 , USA . .,Department of Chemistry , Universitas Tanjungpura , Pontianak , Indonesia
| | - Benjamin Philmus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Oregon State University , Corvallis , OR 97333 , USA .
| | - Yosi Nindita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Oregon State University , Corvallis , OR 97333 , USA .
| | - Taifo Mahmud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Oregon State University , Corvallis , OR 97333 , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu W, Kancharla P, Reynolds KA. MarH, a Bifunctional Enzyme Involved in the Condensation and Hydroxylation Steps of the Marineosin Biosynthetic Pathway. Org Lett 2017; 19:1298-1301. [PMID: 28271893 PMCID: PMC8168799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel bifunctional enzyme, MarH, has been identified, and its key functional role in the marineosin biosynthesis successfully probed. MarH catalyzes (1) a condensation step between 4-methoxy-2,2'-bipyrrole-5-carboxaldehyde (MBC) and 2-undecylpyrrole (UP) to form undecylprodiginine (UPG) and (2) hydroxylation of the alkyl chain of UPG to form the (S)-23-hydroxyundecylprodiginine (HUPG), which is essential for MarG catalyzed bicyclization toward the formation of an unusual spiro-tetrahydropyran-aminal ring of marineosins. The final enigmatic steps in the marineosin biosynthesis have now been deciphered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
| | - Papireddy Kancharla
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
| | - Kevin A. Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hu DX, Withall DM, Challis GL, Thomson RJ. Structure, Chemical Synthesis, and Biosynthesis of Prodiginine Natural Products. Chem Rev 2016; 116:7818-53. [PMID: 27314508 PMCID: PMC5555159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The prodiginine family of bacterial alkaloids is a diverse set of heterocyclic natural products that have likely been known to man since antiquity. In more recent times, these alkaloids have been discovered to span a wide range of chemical structures that possess a number of interesting biological activities. This review provides a comprehensive overview of research undertaken toward the isolation and structural elucidation of the prodiginine family of natural products. Additionally, research toward chemical synthesis of the prodiginine alkaloids over the last several decades is extensively reviewed. Finally, the current, evidence-based understanding of the various biosynthetic pathways employed by bacteria to produce prodiginine alkaloids is summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis X. Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - David M. Withall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory L. Challis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Regan J. Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Weber T, Charusanti P, Musiol-Kroll EM, Jiang X, Tong Y, Kim HU, Lee SY. Metabolic engineering of antibiotic factories: new tools for antibiotic production in actinomycetes. Trends Biotechnol 2014; 33:15-26. [PMID: 25497361 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Actinomycetes are excellent sources for novel bioactive compounds, which serve as potential drug candidates for antibiotics development. While industrial efforts to find and develop novel antimicrobials have been severely reduced during the past two decades, the increasing threat of multidrug-resistant pathogens and the development of new technologies to find and produce such compounds have again attracted interest in this field. Based on improvements in whole-genome sequencing, novel methods have been developed to identify the secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters by genome mining, to clone them, and to express them in heterologous hosts in much higher throughput than before. These technologies now enable metabolic engineering approaches to optimize production yields and to directly manipulate the pathways to generate modified products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tilmann Weber
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Alle 6, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Pep Charusanti
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Alle 6, Hørsholm, Denmark; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ewa Maria Musiol-Kroll
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Alle 6, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Xinglin Jiang
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Alle 6, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Yaojun Tong
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Alle 6, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Alle 6, Hørsholm, Denmark; Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), Center for Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology, Institute for the BioCentury, BioInformatics Research Center, and BioProcess Engineering Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Alle 6, Hørsholm, Denmark; Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), Center for Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology, Institute for the BioCentury, BioInformatics Research Center, and BioProcess Engineering Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stankovic N, Senerovic L, Ilic-Tomic T, Vasiljevic B, Nikodinovic-Runic J. Properties and applications of undecylprodigiosin and other bacterial prodigiosins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:3841-58. [PMID: 24562326 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The growing demand to fulfill the needs of present-day medicine in terms of novel effective molecules has lead to reexamining some of the old and known bacterial secondary metabolites. Bacterial prodigiosins (prodiginines) have a long history of being re markable multipurpose compounds, best examined for their anticancer and antimalarial activities. Production of prodigiosin in the most common producer strain Serratia marcescens has been described in great detail. However, few reports have discussed the ecophysiological roles of these molecules in the producing strains, as well as their antibiotic and UV-protective properties. This review describes recent advances in the production process, biosynthesis, properties, and applications of bacterial prodigiosins. Special emphasis is put on undecylprodigiosin which has generally been a less studied member of the prodigiosin family. In addition, it has been suggested that proteins involved in undecylprodigiosin synthesis, RedG and RedH, could be a useful addition to the biocatalytic toolbox being able to mediate regio- and stereoselective oxidative cyclization. Judging by the number of recent references (216 for the 2007-2013 period), it has become clear that undecylprodigiosin and other bacterial prodigiosins still hold surprises in terms of valuable properties and applicative potential to medical and other industrial fields and that they still deserve continuing research curiosity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada Stankovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, P.O. Box 23, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nikodinovic-Runic J, Mojic M, Kang Y, Maksimovic-Ivanic D, Mijatovic S, Vasiljevic B, Stamenkovic VR, Senerovic L. Undecylprodigiosin conjugated monodisperse gold nanoparticles efficiently cause apoptosis in colon cancer cells in vitro. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:3271-3281. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00300d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial pigment undecylprodigiosin was conjugated to monodisperse gold nanoparticles, resulting in improved stability and cytotoxicity against colon cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marija Mojic
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”
- Department of Immunology
- University of Belgrade
- 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Yijin Kang
- Materials Science Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Argonne, USA
| | - Danijela Maksimovic-Ivanic
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”
- Department of Immunology
- University of Belgrade
- 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Mijatovic
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”
- Department of Immunology
- University of Belgrade
- 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Vasiljevic
- University of Belgrade
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering
- 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Lidija Senerovic
- University of Belgrade
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering
- 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Challis GL. Exploitation of the Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) genome sequence for discovery of new natural products and biosynthetic pathways. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 41:219-32. [PMID: 24322202 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces, and related genera of Actinobacteria, are renowned for their ability to produce antibiotics and other bioactive natural products with a wide range of applications in medicine and agriculture. Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) is a model organism that has been used for more than five decades to study the genetic and biochemical basis for the production of bioactive metabolites. In 2002, the complete genome sequence of S. coelicolor was published. This greatly accelerated progress in understanding the biosynthesis of metabolites known or suspected to be produced by S. coelicolor and revealed that streptomycetes have far greater potential to produce bioactive natural products than suggested by classical bioassay-guided isolation studies. In this article, efforts to exploit the S. coelicolor genome sequence for the discovery of novel natural products and biosynthetic pathways are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Challis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stankovic N, Radulovic V, Petkovic M, Vuckovic I, Jadranin M, Vasiljevic B, Nikodinovic-Runic J. Streptomyces sp. JS520 produces exceptionally high quantities of undecylprodigiosin with antibacterial, antioxidative, and UV-protective properties. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 96:1217-31. [PMID: 22767180 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A Gram-positive, red-pigment-producing bacterial strain, designated JS520 was isolated from the pristine sediment from the cave on mountain Miroc in Serbia. Strain was confirmed to belong to Streptomyces genus based on phenotypic and genetic analysis. Streptomyces sp. JS520 has the ability to produce exceptionally high amounts of deep red pigment into both solid and liquid media. Liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy of the purified pigments revealed the major component to be undecylprodigiosin (93 %) with minor component being oxidatively cyclized derivative. The pigment production was affected by medium composition, temperature, pH, and the aeration rate. By medium optimization, yields of undecylprodigiosin of 138 mg l(-1) were achieved, what is the highest level of undecylprodigiosin production reported for the members of Gram-positive Streptomyces genus. Purified pigment had antimicrobial properties against bacterial Bacillus and Micrococcus species (50 μg ml(-1)) and against Candida albicans species (100-200 μg ml(-1) range). The ability to affect auto-oxidation of the linoleic acid was demonstrated for the purified undecylprodigiosin, suggesting antioxidative properties of this pigment. Multiple ecophysiological roles of the pigment were revealed by comparing cultures grown under pigment-producing and pigment-nonproducing conditions. Cells grown under undecylprodigiosin-producing conditions could tolerate presence of hydrogen peroxide exhibiting three times smaller zones of inhibition at 100 mM H(2)O(2). Undecylprodigiosin-producing cells were also less susceptible to tetracycline, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and 8-hydroxyquinoline. While the growth of the cells not producing pigment was completely inhibited by 15 min of exposure to ultraviolet light (254 nm), cells producing undecylprodigiosin and cells supplied with purified pigment in vitro showed survival rates at 22 and 8 %, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada Stankovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, P.O. Box 23, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Goss RJM, Shankar S, Fayad AA. The generation of "unnatural" products: synthetic biology meets synthetic chemistry. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:870-89. [PMID: 22744619 DOI: 10.1039/c2np00001f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural product analogue generation is important, providing tools for chemical biology, enabling structure activity relationship determination and insight into the way in which natural products interact with their target biomolecules. The generation of analogues is also often necessary in order to improve bioavailability and to fine tune compounds' activity. This review provides an overview of the catalogue of approaches available for accessing series of analogues. Over the last few years there have been major advances in genome sequencing and the development of tools for biosynthetic pathway engineering; it is therefore becoming increasingly easy to combine molecular biology and synthetic organic chemistry in order to enable expeditious access to series of natural products. This review outlines the various ways of combining biology and chemistry that have been applied to analogue generation, drawing upon a series of examples to illustrate each approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J M Goss
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UKNR4 7TJ
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Singh R, Mo S, Florova G, Reynolds KA. Streptomyces coelicolor RedP and FabH enzymes, initiating undecylprodiginine and fatty acid biosynthesis, exhibit distinct acyl-CoA and malonyl-acyl carrier protein substrate specificities. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012; 328:32-8. [PMID: 22136753 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
RedP is proposed to initiate undecylprodiginine biosynthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor by condensing an acyl-CoA with malonyl-ACP and is homologous to FabH that catalyzes the same reaction for initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis. Herein, we report the substrate specificities of RedP and FabH from assays using pairings of two acyl-CoA substrates (acetyl-CoA and isobutyryl-CoA) and two malonyl-ACP substrates (malonyl-RedQ and malonyl-FabC). RedP activity was observed only with a pairing of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-RedQ, consistent with its proposed role in initiating the formation of acetyl-CoA-derived prodiginines. Malonyl-FabC is not a substrate for RedP, indicating that ACP specificity is one of the factors that permit a separation between prodiginine and fatty acid biosynthetic processes. FabH demonstrated greater catalytic efficiency for isobutyryl-CoA in comparison with acetyl-CoA using malonyl-FabC, consistent with the observation that in streptomycetes, a broad mixture of fatty acids is synthesized, with those derived from branched-chain acyl-CoA starter units predominating. Diminished FabH activity was also observed using malonyl-RedQ with the same preference for isobutyryl-CoA, completing biochemical and genetic evidence that in the absence of RedP this enzyme can produce branched-chain alkyl prodiginines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renu Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sydor PK, Challis GL. Oxidative tailoring reactions catalyzed by nonheme iron-dependent enzymes: streptorubin B biosynthesis as an example. Methods Enzymol 2012; 516:195-218. [PMID: 23034230 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394291-3.00002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Tailoring enzymes catalyze reactions that modify natural product backbone structures before, during, or after their biosynthesis to create a final product with specific biological activities. Such reactions can be catalyzed by a myriad of different enzyme families and are responsible for a wide variety of transformations including regio- and/or stereospecific acylation, alkylation, glycosylation, halogenation, and oxidation. Within a broad group of oxidative tailoring enzymes, there is a rapidly growing family of nonheme iron- and oxygen-dependent enzymes that catalyze a variety of remarkable hydroxylation, desaturation, halogenation, and oxidative cyclization reaction in the biosynthesis of several important metabolites, including carbapenems, penicillins, cephalosporins, clavams, prodiginines, fosfomycin, syringomycin, and coronatine. In this chapter, we report an expedient method for analyzing tailoring enzymes that catalyze oxidative cyclization reactions in prodiginine biosynthesis via expression of the corresponding genes in a heterologous host, feeding of putative biosynthetic intermediates to the resulting strains, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of the metabolites produced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina K Sydor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Whicher JR, Florova G, Sydor PK, Singh R, Alhamadsheh M, Challis GL, Reynolds KA, Smith JL. Structure and function of the RedJ protein, a thioesterase from the prodiginine biosynthetic pathway in Streptomyces coelicolor. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:22558-69. [PMID: 21543318 PMCID: PMC3121400 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.213512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodiginines are a class of red-pigmented natural products with immunosuppressant, anticancer, and antimalarial activities. Recent studies on prodiginine biosynthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor have elucidated the function of many enzymes within the pathway. However, the function of RedJ, which was predicted to be an editing thioesterase based on sequence similarity, is unknown. We report here the genetic, biochemical, and structural characterization of the redJ gene product. Deletion of redJ in S. coelicolor leads to a 75% decrease in prodiginine production, demonstrating its importance for prodiginine biosynthesis. RedJ exhibits thioesterase activity with selectivity for substrates having long acyl chains and lacking a β-carboxyl substituent. The thioesterase has 1000-fold greater catalytic efficiency with substrates linked to an acyl carrier protein (ACP) than with the corresponding CoA thioester substrates. Also, RedJ strongly discriminates against the streptomycete ACP of fatty acid biosynthesis in preference to RedQ, an ACP of the prodiginine pathway. The 2.12 Å resolution crystal structure of RedJ provides insights into the molecular basis for the observed substrate selectivity. A hydrophobic pocket in the active site chamber is positioned to bind long acyl chains, as suggested by a long-chain ligand from the crystallization solution bound in this pocket. The accessibility of the active site is controlled by the position of a highly flexible entrance flap. These data combined with previous studies of prodiginine biosynthesis in S. coelicolor support a novel role for RedJ in facilitating transfer of a dodecanoyl chain from one acyl carrier protein to another en route to the key biosynthetic intermediate 2-undecylpyrrole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Whicher
- Chemical Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alihosseini F, Lango J, Ju KS, Hammock BD, Sun G. Mutation of bacterium Vibrio gazogenes for selective preparation of colorants. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:352-60. [PMID: 19902486 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel marine bacterium strain effectively produced prodiginine type pigments. These colorants could dye wool, silk and synthetic fabrics such as polyester and polyacrylic and also show antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on the dyed products. Methyl nitrosoguanidine was used as a mutation agent to increase the genetic diversity and the production yield of the bacteria of the family of Vibrio gazogenes. The analysis of the mutated samples showed that two new main colorants as well as three previously found ones were produced. Liquid chromatography electro spray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques were used to elucidate the structures of the newly produced colorants. Mass measurements revealed that the colorants C1, C2, C3, C4 have molecular masses of 321, 323, 351, and 295 Da. One unstable colorant C5 with molecular mass of 309 Da was detected as well. The mutated bacteria strains increased the yield of pigment production by about 81% and produced prodigiosin in 97% purity. The antibiotic activities of pure colorants are discussed as well. Based on their bio-activity and excellent dyeing capabilities, these colorants could be employed in cosmetic and textile industries.
Collapse
|
19
|
Mo S, Sydor PK, Corre C, Alhamadsheh MM, Stanley AE, Haynes S, Song L, Reynolds KA, Challis GL. Elucidation of the Streptomyces coelicolor Pathway to 2-Undecylpyrrole, a Key Intermediate in Undecylprodiginine and Streptorubin B Biosynthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:137-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2007.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Revised: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
20
|
Williamson NR, Fineran PC, Gristwood T, Chawrai SR, Leeper FJ, Salmond GPC. Anticancer and immunosuppressive properties of bacterial prodiginines. Future Microbiol 2008; 2:605-18. [PMID: 18041902 DOI: 10.2217/17460913.2.6.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial prodiginines are a family of red-pigmented, tripyrrolic compounds that display numerous biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antimalarial, immunosuppressive and anticancer properties. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the biosynthesis and regulation of bacterial prodiginines. An understanding of the biosynthesis of prodiginines will allow engineering of bacterial strains capable of synthesizing novel prodiginines through rational design and mutasynthesis experiments. Bacterial prodiginines and synthetic derivatives are effective proapoptotic agents with multiple cellular targets, and they are active against numerous cancer cell lines, including multidrug-resistant cells, with little or no toxicity towards normal cell lines. A synthetic derivative, GX15-070 (Obatoclax), developed through structure-activity relationship studies of the pyrrolic ring A of GX15, is in multiple Phase I and II clinical trials in both single and dual-agent studies to treat different types of cancer. Therefore, prodiginines have real therapeutic potential in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil R Williamson
- University of Cambridge, Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kim D, Lee JS, Park YK, Kim JF, Jeong H, Oh TK, Kim BS, Lee CH. Biosynthesis of antibiotic prodiginines in the marine bacterium Hahella chejuensis KCTC 2396. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 102:937-44. [PMID: 17381736 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hahella chejuensis KCTC 2396 produces red pigments, showing antibacterial and algicidal activities. The main red-coloured metabolite of the pigments was identified as antibiotic prodigiosin. With the expectation that the red pigments are a mixture of a series of close relatives, the aim of the present study is to detect new antibiotic prodigiosin analogues and to analyse the biosynthetic pattern for prodiginines in KCTC 2396. METHODS AND RESULTS Except prodigiosin, the other constituents in the red pigments were confirmed as well-known dipyrrolyldipyrromethene prodigiosin, norprodigiosin, and undecylprodiginine. Additionally, four new prodigiosin analogues, each of which was distinguished from prodigiosin (C(5)), according to differences in alkyl chain length (C(3)-C(7)), were detected in small quantities by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry spectroscopy. Owing to the presence of a cytotoxic methoxy group, it is expected that all the new prodigiosin analogues are bioactive. CONCLUSIONS Four characterized prodiginines, including prodigiosin and four new prodigiosin analogues are produced in different ratio in KCTC 2396. All of the prodiginines possess a common linear tripyrrolyl structure and a cytotoxic methoxy group. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study shows for the first time that KCTC 2396 is able to produce antibiotic prodigiosin, undecylprodiginine and new prodigiosin analogues in a mixture of pigments. It is also shown that KCTC 2396 possesses a novel system for the simultaneous production of multiple prodiginines in a single micro-organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Williamson NR, Fineran PC, Leeper FJ, Salmond GPC. The biosynthesis and regulation of bacterial prodiginines. Nat Rev Microbiol 2006; 4:887-99. [PMID: 17109029 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The red-pigmented prodiginines are bioactive secondary metabolites produced by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Recently, these tripyrrole molecules have received renewed attention owing to reported immunosuppressive and anticancer properties. The enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathways for the production of two of these molecules, prodigiosin and undecylprodigiosin, are now known. However, the biochemistry of some of the reactions is still poorly understood. The physiology and regulation of prodiginine production in Serratia and Streptomyces are now well understood, although the biological role of these pigments in the producer organisms remains unclear. However, research into the biology of pigment production will stimulate interest in the bioengineering of strains to synthesize useful prodiginine derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil R Williamson
- Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Izumikawa M, Cheng Q, Moore BS. Priming type II polyketide synthases via a type II nonribosomal peptide synthetase mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:1428-9. [PMID: 16448095 PMCID: PMC2531066 DOI: 10.1021/ja0559707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Benzoic acid priming of the enterocin and actinorhodin type II polyketide synthase complexes was accomplished in vitro via an unprecedented type II nonribosomal peptide synthetase-like mechanism involving the benzoate:acyl carrier protein (ACP) ligase EncN and the ACP EncC. The transfer of the aryl acid to the ACP is ATP-dependent, yet coenzyme A-independent, as characterized with radiolabeled substrates and protein mass spectrometry. Subsequent transport of the ACP-bound aryl group to the native enterocin and the aberrant actinorhodin ketosynthase chain length factor heterodimers was further demonstrated, thereby demonstrating the potential of this biocatalyst for engineering diverse aryl-primed aromatic polyketide agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miho Izumikawa
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721
| | - Qian Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721
| | - Bradley S. Moore
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Stanley AE, Walton LJ, Kourdi Zerikly M, Corre C, Challis GL. Elucidation of the Streptomyces coelicolor pathway to 4-methoxy-2,2′-bipyrrole-5-carboxaldehyde, an intermediate in prodiginine biosynthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:3981-3. [PMID: 17003872 DOI: 10.1039/b609556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthetic pathway to 4-methoxy-2,2'-bipyrrole-5-carboxaldehyde (MBC), a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of prodiginine antibiotics in Streptomyces coelicolor, has been elucidated using a combination of gene replacements and feeding experiments with chemically synthesised MBC and a synthetic analogue of a pathway intermediate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Stanley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UKCV4 7AL
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
G. Floss H, Hu Y. Starter Unit Specificity of the Asukamycin “Upper” Chain Polyketide Synthase and the Branched-Chain Fatty Acid Synthase of Streptomyces nodosus subsp. asukaensis. HETEROCYCLES 2006. [DOI: 10.3987/com-06-s(o)2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
26
|
Ghatge MS, Reynolds KA. The plmS2-encoded cytochrome P450 monooxygenase mediates hydroxylation of phoslactomycin B in Streptomyces sp. strain HK803. J Bacteriol 2005; 187:7970-6. [PMID: 16291670 PMCID: PMC1291264 DOI: 10.1128/jb.187.23.7970-7976.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces sp. strain HK803 produces six analogues of phoslactomycin (Plm A through Plm F). With the exception of Plm B, these analogues contain a C-18 hydroxyl substituent esterified with a range of short-alkyl-chain carboxylic acids. Deletion of the plmS(2) open reading frame (ORF), showing high sequence similarity to bacterial cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), from the Plm biosynthetic gene cluster has previously resulted in an NP1 mutant producing only Plm B (N. Palaniappan, B. S. Kim, Y. Sekiyama, H. Osada, and K. A. Reynolds, J. Biol. Chem. 278:35552-35557, 2003). Herein, we report that a complementation experiment with an NP1 derivative (NP2), using a recombinant conjugative plasmid carrying the plmS(2) ORF downstream of the ermE* constitutive promoter (pMSG1), restored production of Plm A and Plm C through Plm F. The 1.2-kbp plmS(2) ORF was also expressed efficiently as an N-terminal polyhistidine-tagged protein in Streptomyces coelicolor. The recombinant PlmS(2) converted Plm B to C-18-hydroxy Plm B (Plm G). PlmS(2) was highly specific for Plm B and unable to process a series of derivatives in which either the lactone ring was hydrolyzed or the C-9 phosphate ester was converted to C-9/C-11 phosphorinane. This biochemical analysis and complementation experiment are consistent with a proposed Plm biosynthetic pathway in which the penultimate step is hydroxylation of the cyclohexanecarboxylic acid-derived side chain of Plm B by PlmS(2) (the resulting Plm G is then esterified to provide Plm A and Plm C through Plm F). Kinetic parameters for Plm B hydroxylation by PlmS(2) (K(m) of 45.3 +/- 9.0 microM and k(cat) of 0.27 +/- 0.04 s(-1)) are consistent with this step being a rate-limiting step in the biosynthetic pathway. The penultimate pathway intermediate Plm G has less antifungal activity than Plm A through Plm F and is not observed in fermentations of either the wild-type strain or NP2/pMSG1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohini S Ghatge
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23219, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Parry RJ. New prodiginines from a ketosynthase swap. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 12:145-6. [PMID: 15734641 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2005.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The prodiginine antibiotics exhibit antitumor and immunosuppressive activity. In this issue of Chemistry & Biology, Reynolds and coworkers demonstrate that new prodiginines can be obtained by substituting a FabH ketosynthase for the RedP ketosynthase in the undecylprodiginine biosynthetic gene cluster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Parry
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| |
Collapse
|