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Ndunda EN, Mwanza MM. Towards miniaturized electrochemical sensors for monitoring of polychlorinated biphenyls. OPEN RESEARCH AFRICA 2023; 6:5. [PMID: 37224321 PMCID: PMC10192943 DOI: 10.12688/openresafrica.13983.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of our environment as a result of industrialization and other human activities is a growing concern due to the harmful effects of most chemicals that are released into the environment. Of particular interest are the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that are reported to be toxic and build up in the environment due to their persistence. Among the POPs are polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which were widely used in the past in various applications ranging from additives in pesticides to dielectric fluids in electrical equipment. As a way of protecting the one health trilogy (environment, human and animal health), their determination in the environment is a paramount call that has seen researchers continue to provide advanced technologies towards achieving this goal. These technologies involve the conventional gold standard gas chromatography systems coupled to sensitive detectors that can detect trace level concentrations. They have come in handy in monitoring of PCBs but their application for routing monitoring may not be sustainable because of the cost of operation associated with them and the need for experts to run the equipment. As a result, there is need for affordable systems that are still able to achieve the required sensitivity for routine monitoring and real-time data acquisition. Sensor systems fit very well in this category since they can be miniaturized for affordability and portray many other desirable features. PCBs as environmentally relevant environmental pollutants have received minimal attention with regards to sensor development and this review highlights the efforts that have been made so far. It provides in-depth discussions on electrochemical sensors and the various modifications that have been employed to date to achieve detection of PCBs at low concentrations as well as the future prospects in remote and routine monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Nthambi Ndunda
- Department of Physical Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Machakos University, Machakos, Machakos County, Kenya
| | - Moses Mutiso Mwanza
- Department of Physical Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Machakos University, Machakos, Machakos County, Kenya
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Han C, Wang Y, Liu P, Li P, Liu B, Ding N, Routledge MN, Liu Z, Zhang C. An aggregation-induced emission immunoassay for broad detection of polychlorinated biphenyls in chicken and crab. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4963-4975. [PMID: 35606453 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with multiple variants, which may be harmful to human health by absorption and bioaccumulation. To ensure food safety, it is necessary to develop multi-residue immunoassays for broad recognition of PCBs. In this study, by mimicking the generic core structure of PCBs, three haptens have been designed and synthesized for monoclonal antibody (mAb) generation. A carboxylic acid derivative of PCB80 was a hapten that induced a mAb with broad recognition of PCBs. The results of ELISA further identified that the mAb could recognize 11 different kinds of PCBs; half-maximal inhibition concentrations (IC50) ranged from 33.12 to 476.42 ng/mL. Subsequently, using aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) nanobeads as the tracer for the output signal, the IC50 value of the various PCBs was improved to 6.38-252.1 ng/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) varied from 0.32 to 42.15 ng/mL. Recoveries of 76.90-95.74% and intra-assay coefficients of variation of 8.5-14.4% were obtained with spiked chicken and crab meat samples. Matrix interference was eliminated by dilution, and no false-positive and false-negative results were observed. The developed assay provides a simple, broad-spectrum, and sensitive tool for detecting PCBs, with high-throughput possibilities for large-scale screening of PCBs in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Pengyan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Pan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Institute of Agricultural Products Quality Inspection and Testing Center, Suqian, 223801, China
| | - Michael N Routledge
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.,School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Jiangsu Education Department, International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing (Jiangsu University), Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhengjiang Liu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cunzheng Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Urbaniak M, Gągała I, Szewczyk M, Bednarek A. Leaching of PCBs and Nutrients from Soil Fertilized with Municipal Sewage Sludge. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 97:249-54. [PMID: 27107587 PMCID: PMC4942498 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1802-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Although sewage sludge is a rich source of nutrients for arable farming and soil improvement, it can also be a source of pollutants. The effects of the land application of sludge on the PCB and nutrient content of leachate were investigated using cylindrical 650 mm length columns filled with poor quality soil. Treatments included no fertilization (control), fertilization using a 62.5 t/ha dose (O50) of sewage sludge from the largest Polish Wastewater Treatment Plant, in Lodz, and a 62.5 t/ha dose of sewage sludge mixed with CaO (O50Ca). The leaching of sludge-borne PCBs and nutrients was simulated by the application of distilled water in a quantity reflecting the annual rainfall of 562.5 mm. The obtained results demonstrate that application of sewage sludge and water simulated leaching of the most mobile chemical compounds, nitrate for example, whereas the addition of CaO decreased the average PCB and phosphorus concentrations in comparison to the control and O50 samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Urbaniak
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tylna 3, 90-364, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ilona Gągała
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tylna 3, 90-364, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Szewczyk
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bednarek
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
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Wu L, Qi P, Fu X, Liu H, Li J, Wang Q, Fan H. A novel electrochemical PCB77-binding DNA aptamer biosensor for selective detection of PCB77. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shi L, Feng H, Zhang P, Zhou L, Xie D, An D, Cai Q. Synthesis of haptens and development of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate. Anal Biochem 2014; 447:15-22. [PMID: 24239574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ciELISA) was developed for detection of tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TBC). Polyclonal antibodies against TBC were raised from synthesized haptens and then screened against various coating antigens. After optimization of the immunoassay conditions, the linear range and IC₅₀ value of the assay were 0.30-100 and 5.17 μg/L, respectively, with little cross-reactivity (≤2%). Recovery of various samples (water, serum, soil) was tested and the values ranged from 68% to 110%. This ciELISA was also applied to determine TBC in the riverside soil of the Liuyang River, and the results were compared with the data obtained by UHPLC-MS/MS. The experimental assay results confirmed that this proposed immunoassay is a specific, sensitive, and reliable method for determination and monitoring of TBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hongyan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Pingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Dexun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Delie An
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Qingyun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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Chen HY, Zhuang HS, Yang GX, Ji XL. Development of a new polyclonal antibody for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in indoor air by ic-ELISA. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:2244-2251. [PMID: 22843339 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new polyclonal antibody (pAb) was prepared and used for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in air samples to promote the application of immunoassay technology in the determination of PCBs. Three PCB congeners immunogen mixture was used to stimulate immune responses in rabbits. The specific pAb to PCBs was obtained and used to develop an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA). A standard curve for Aroclor 1248 was prepared using concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 μg L(-1). The average IC50 value was 16.21 μg L(-1) and the limit of detection at 10% inhibition (IC90) was 0.069 μg L(-1). The entire procedure was then evaluated using spiked air samples. The recoveries of Aroclor 1248 at various spiking levels in the air samples ranged from 84 to 113%, with relative standard deviations of 3 to 6%. Under optimum conditions, the cross-reactivity profiles of the assays were obtained using three selected congeners, four Aroclor products, and other structurally related compounds of PCBs. The assays were found to be highly specific for PCB congeners and Aroclors 1248 and 1242. The air samples were then analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry to confirm the ic-ELISA results. The attained results demonstrated that the proposed method was an effective and inexpensive technique for the PCBs determination in air samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yu Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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Chen HY, Zhuang HS, Yang GX. Detection of PCB77 by Indirect Competitive Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay in Sea Sediment Samples. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.3.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tian W, Xie HQ, Fu H, Pei X, Zhao B. Immunoanalysis methods for the detection of dioxins and related chemicals. SENSORS 2012; 12:16710-31. [PMID: 23443395 PMCID: PMC3571807 DOI: 10.3390/s121216710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With the development of biotechnology, approaches based on antibodies, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), active aryl hydrocarbon immunoassay (Ah-I) and other multi-analyte immunoassays, have been utilized as alternatives to the conventional techniques based on gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy for the analysis of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in environmental and biological samples. These screening methods have been verified as rapid, simple and cost-effective. This paper provides an overview on the development and application of antibody-based approaches, such as ELISA, Ah-I, and multi-analyte immunoassays, covering the sample extraction and cleanup, antigen design, antibody preparation and immunoanalysis. However, in order to meet the requirements for on-site fast detection and relative quantification of dioxins in the environment, further optimization is needed to make these immuno-analytical methods more sensitive and easy to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Chen H, Zhuang H. Determination of 3,4-dichlorinated biphenyl in soil samples by real-time immuno-PCR assay. J Environ Sci (China) 2012; 24:2191-2197. [PMID: 23534217 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(11)61050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A real-time fluorescent quantitative immuno-polymerase chain reaction (RT-IPCR) assay was developed for the detection of non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener in soil samples. Based on the construction of 3,4-dichlorinated biphenyl (IUPAC PCB12) hapten and its immunogen, the specific polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) to PCB12 was obtained and used to develop a direct competitive RT-IPCR assay. Using the optimized assay, a standard curve for PCB12 was prepared. The linear range for the determination of PCB12 was from 10.0 to 1.0 x 106 fg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.98 and a detection limit of 1.53 fg/mL. The RT-IPCR assays were tested for their cross-reactivity profiles using four selected congeners and four Aroclor products. The results for the soil samples correlated with the concentrations of PCBs obtained by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. This highly specific, sensitive, and robust assay can be applied to on-site tests of PCBs and serve as a model for other pollutant immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Meimaridou A, Kalachova K, Shelver WL, Franek M, Pulkrabova J, Haasnoot W, Nielen MWF. Multiplex Screening of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Fish Using Spectrally Encoded Microspheres. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8696-702. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201969z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Meimaridou
- RIKILT—Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kamila Kalachova
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Weilin L. Shelver
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard 58102, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Milan Franek
- Department of Biotechnology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 32 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Pulkrabova
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Willem Haasnoot
- RIKILT—Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W. F. Nielen
- RIKILT—Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Development of an Analytical Protocol for the Determination of Polybrominated Biphenyls in Water by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel immunoassay has been developed for the quantitative determination of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) using indirect competitive format. A new method was developed to synthesize PBBs congener (PCB15) hapten and its artificial immunogen, then the polyclonal antibodies. The assay was optimized concerning the coating conjugate and antibody concentration, incubation time and temperature, the tolerance to organic solvents and so on. Under optimized conditions, PBB15 can be determined in the concentration range of 0.01-100 μg L-1 with a detection limit of 0.02 μg L-1. The cross-reactivities of the assays were below 8%. While water samples could be analyzed directly.
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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand activity of commercial health foods. Food Chem 2011; 126:1515-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhang F, Wu X, Zhan J. Resonance light scattering technique for determination of polychlorinated biphenyls with silver nanoparticles. LUMINESCENCE 2011; 26:656-61. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengju Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry; Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan; 250100; People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry; Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan; 250100; People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry; Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan; 250100; People's Republic of China
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Zhuang H, Ye Q, Chen H. Detection of PCB77 by Antibody-Coated Competitive Fluorescent Quantitative Immuno-PCR Using Molecular Beacon. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710903201891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chen HY, Zhuang HS. Real-time immuno-PCR assay for detecting PCBs in soil samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:1205-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Development and characterization of new polyclonal antibodies specific for three polychlorinated biphenyls. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2008.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tsutsumi T, Miyoshi N, Sasaki K, Maitani T. Biosensor immunoassay for the screening of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in retail fish. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 617:177-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2007] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 02/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tsutsumi T, Amakura Y, Ashieda K, Okuyama A, Tanioka Y, Sakata K, Kobayashi Y, Sasaki K, Maitani T. PCB 118 and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Immunoassays for Screening Dioxins in Retail Fish. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:2867-2874. [PMID: 18399641 DOI: 10.1021/jf072490l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of a combination of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits was examined for screening the toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations of dioxins in retail fish. The coplanar PCB-EIA system, which is a competitive immunoassay specific for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 118, was tested as a screening method for mono- ortho PCBs. The Ah immunoassay (Ah-I), which is an ELISA-based aryl hydrocarbon receptor binding assay, was analyzed for its screening ability for non- ortho PCBs, polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins (PCDDs), and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Dilution and recovery tests using purified fish extracts revealed no major interference of the matrix in the PCB-EIA and suggested that the matrix effect was minimized in the Ah-I. Finally, the results for the fish samples ( n = 20) showed a strong correlation between this method and high-resolution gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry for the determination of the TEQ concentrations of mono- ortho PCBs ( r = 0.99) and non- ortho PCBs and PCDD/Fs ( r = 0.97). These data indicate that our method is suitable for screening retail fish to determine the TEQ concentrations of dioxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Tsutsumi
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga 1-18-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
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