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Chae H, Kwon BR, Lee S, Moon HB, Choi K. Adverse thyroid hormone and behavioral alterations induced by three frequently used synthetic musk compounds in embryo-larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138273. [PMID: 36868414 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic musk compounds (SMCs) have been extensively used in numerous consumer products, such as perfumes, cosmetics, soap, and fabric softener. Due to their bioaccumulative nature, these compounds have often been detected in the aquatic ecosystem. However, their effects on endocrine and behavioral effects in freshwater fish have rarely been investigated. In the present study, thyroid disruption and neurobehavioral toxicity of SMCs were investigated using embryo-larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Three frequently used SMCs, i.e., musk ketone (MK), 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-cyclopenta [g]- benzopyran (HHCB), and 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetralin (AHTN), were chosen. Experimental concentrations for HHCB and AHTN were selected to include the maximum levels reported in the ambient water. The 5-day exposure to either MK or HHCB led to significant decrease of T4 concentration in the larval fish at the levels as low as 0.13 μg/L, even though compensatory transcriptional changes, e.g., up-regulation of hypothalamic crhβ gene and/or down-regulation of ugt1ab gene, were taken place. In contrast, AHTN exposure resulted in up-regulation of crhβ, nis, ugt1ab, and dio2 genes but did not alter T4 level, suggesting its lesser thyroid disrupting potential. All tested SMCs caused hypoactivity of the larval fish. Several genes related to neurogenesis or development, e.g., mbp and syn2a, were down-regulated, but the patterns of transcriptional changes were different among the tested SMCs. The present observations demonstrate that MK and HHCB can decrease T4 levels and cause hypoactivity of the larval zebrafish. It requires attention that HHCB and AHTN could influence thyroid hormone or behavior of the larval fish even at the levels close to those observed in the ambient environment. Further studies on potential ecological consequences of these SMCs in freshwater environment are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeyeon Chae
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ba Reum Kwon
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunggyu Lee
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Milton EM, Cartolano MC, McDonald MD. A multi-targeted investigation of Deepwater Horizon crude oil exposure impacts on the marine teleost stress axis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 257:106444. [PMID: 36848692 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil is well-established, but a knowledge gap exists regarding how this combination of PAHs affects the vertebrate stress axis. We hypothesized that (1) marine vertebrates exposed to DWH PAHs experience stress axis impairment, and co-exposure to an additional chronic stressor may exacerbate these effects, (2) serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) may act as a secondary cortisol secretagogue in DWH PAH-exposed fish to compensate for impairment, and (3) the mechanism of stress axis impairment may involve downregulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP; as proxy for melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R) functionality), total cholesterol, and/or mRNA expression of CYP1A and steroidogenic proteins StAR, P450scc, and 11β-h at the level of the kidney. We found that in vivo plasma cortisol and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations in Gulf toadfish exposed to an environmentally relevant DWH PAH concentration (ΣPAH50= 4.6 ± 1.6 μg/L) for 7 days were not significantly different from controls, whether fish were chronically stressed or not. However, the rate of cortisol secretion by isolated kidneys after acute stimulation with ACTH was significantly lower in PAH-exposed toadfish compared to clean seawater (SW) controls. 5-HT does not appear to be acting as a secondary cortisol secretagogue, rather, PAH-exposed + stressed toadfish exhibited significantly lower plasma 5-HT concentrations than clean SW + stressed fish as well as a reduced sensitivity to 5-HT at the level of the kidney. There was a tendency for kidney cAMP concentrations to be lower in PAH-exposed fish (p = 0.069); however, mRNA expression of steroidogenic proteins between control and PAH-exposed toadfish were not significantly different and a significant elevation in total cholesterol concentration in PAH-exposed toadfish compared to controls was measured. Future work is needed to establish whether the slower cortisol secretion rate by isolated kidneys of PAH-exposed fish is detrimental, to determine the potential role of other secretagogues in compensating for the impaired kidney interrenal cell function, and to determine whether there is a reduction in MC2R mRNA expression or an impairment in the function of steroidogenic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Milton
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149-1098, USA
| | - Maria C Cartolano
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149-1098, USA
| | - M Danielle McDonald
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149-1098, USA.
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Shi M, He J, Xu M, Lin X, Liu H, Jiang T, Yi Z. Interactions between polycyclic musks and human lactoferrin: Multi-spectroscopic methods and docking simulation. J Mol Recognit 2023; 36:e3005. [PMID: 36573888 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.3005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Galaxolide (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-γ-2-benzopyrane; HHCB) and Tonalide (7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene; AHTN) are "pseudo-persistent" pollutants that can cause DNA damage, endocrine disruption, organ toxicity, and reproductive toxicity in humans. HHCB and AHTN are readily enriched in breast milk, so exposure of infants to HHCB and AHTN is of concern. Here, the molecular mechanisms through which HHCB and AHTN interact with human lactoferrin (HLF) are investigated using computational simulations and spectroscopic methods to identify indirectly how HHCB and AHTN may harm infants. Molecular docking and kinetic simulation studies indicated that HHCB and AHTN can interact with and alter the secondary HLF structure. The fluorescence quenching of HLF by HHCB, AHTN was static with the forming of HLF-HHCB, HLF-AHTN complex, and accompanied by non-radiative energy transfer and that 1:1 complexes form through interaction forces. Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that binding to small molecules does not markedly change the HLF fluorescence lifetime. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that HHCB and AHTN alter the peptide chain backbone structure of HLF. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, simultaneous fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that HHCB and AHTN change the secondary HLF conformation. Antimicrobial activity experiments indicated that polycyclic musks decrease lactoferrin activity and interact with HLF. These results improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the toxicities of polycyclic musks bound to HLF at the molecular level and provide theoretical support for mother-and-child health risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Shi
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng He
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhua Xu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolian Lin
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People's Republic of China.,South Asia Branch of National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiemin Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People's Republic of China.,South Asia Branch of National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongsheng Yi
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People's Republic of China
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Huang Y, Zhang W, Cui N, Xiao Z, Zhao W, Wang R, Giesy JP, Su X. Fluorene-9-bisphenol regulates steroidogenic hormone synthesis in H295R cells through the AC/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:113982. [PMID: 35987080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluorene-9-bisphenol (BHPF), which has been used as a substitute for bisphenol A (BPA) in consumer goods and industrial products, can be detected in environmental media and human urine. BHPF has been reported to have endocrine-disrupting effects, whereas deleterious effects on steroidogenesis in H295R cells and underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we investigated effects of BHPF on steroidogenesis using human adrenocortical carcinoma cells (H295R). Cytotoxicity was initially assessed and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined based on proliferation of cells. Responses of four steroid hormones, aldosterone, cortisol, testosterone and 17β-estradiol (E2), and ten critical genes, StAR, HMGR, CYP11A1, CYP11B1, CYP11B1, HSD3B2, CYP21, CYP17, 17β-HSD, and CYP19, involved in steroidogenesis after exposure to non-cytotoxic concentrations of BHPF were determined in the presence or absence of 100 μM dbcAMP. Adenylate cyclase (AC) activity, intracellular concentrations of cAMP, PKA activity and amounts of steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) gene and expressions of proteins were determined to elucidate underlying mechanisms of effects on steroidogenesis. BHPF was cytotoxic to H295R cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Effects on production of hormones results demonstrated that exposure to greater concentrations of BHPF inhibited productions of aldosterone, cortisol, testosterone and E2 by down-regulation of steroidogenic genes. Inhibition of AC activity, intercellular cAMP content and PKA activity after exposure to BHPF implied that the AC/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway was involved in BHPF-induced suppression of steroidogenesis in H295R cells. Additionally, BHPF inhibited steroidogenesis and expressions of steroidogenic genes via decreasing expression of SF-1 protein, both in basal and dbcAMP-induced treatment. These results contributed to understanding molecular mechanisms of BHPF-induced effects on steroidogenesis and advancing the comprehensive risk assessment of BPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China.
| | - Na Cui
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China.
| | - Zhiming Xiao
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China.
| | - Wenyu Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China.
| | - Ruiguo Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China.
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, and Toxicology Center, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; Department of Integrative Biology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 97266 One Bear Place, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
| | - Xiaoou Su
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China.
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Bu Q, Li Q, Zhang H, Wu D, Yu G. Using a fugacity model to determine the degradation rate of typical polycyclic musks in the field: A case study in the North Canal River watershed of Beijing, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:114096. [PMID: 34775339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To quantitate the degradation rate of 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-[g]-2-benzopyran (HHCB) and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (AHTN) under field conditions, a level III fugacity model combined with a least-squares method was used to determine the degradation rate of HHCB and AHTN in the North Canal River watershed of Beijing, China. Model fitting, validation, sensitivity, and uncertainty analyses revealed that the established model was stable and robust. The degradation rates of HHCB and AHTN were 4.16 × 10-3 h-1 (t1/2 = 167 h) and 1.68 × 10-2 h-1 (t1/2 = 41.3 h), respectively. The calculated degradation rates were extrapolated to the Liangshui River, and indicated that the differences between the measured and predicted concentrations were less than 0.32 and 0.34 log units for HHCB and AHTN, respectively. The attenuation rates of HHCB and AHTN were calculated, and the results indicated that degradation was an important yet not the sole contributor to the degradation of the polycyclic musks. Results of uncertainty analyses indicated that the inflow and outflow concentrations of the polycyclic musks in the surface water of each segment strongly influenced the model outputs, followed by environmental factors (water depth and flow rate). It is essential to measure the degradation rate in the field because of the influence of the surrounding environment. The present study reveals the utility of fugacity models to quantify the degradation rate of organic micropollutants in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Bu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology - Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Qingshan Li
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology - Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Handan Zhang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology - Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Dongkui Wu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology - Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Gang Yu
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
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Li X, Zhao Y, Chen B, Zhu Z, Kang Q, Husain T, Zhang B. Inhalation and ingestion of Synthetic musks in pregnant women: In silico spontaneous abortion risk evaluation and control. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106911. [PMID: 34619532 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic musks (SMs) are odor additives commonly used in the personal care products. Their wide existence in the environment and the recently reported adverse impact on the production and activity of progesterone and estrogen have raised pregnancy red flags and even lead to a pregnancy loss. Apart from the suggestion of limiting SM contact and exposure, effective abortion risk control measures for SMs remain to be blank. Facing the above challenges, this study tried to establish a new theoretical circumvention strategy to reduce the abortion risk of SMs to pregnant women by designing the supplementary diet plan and environmentally friendly SMs derivatives using molecular docking and three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models. According to the supplementary diet plan, the diet combination of vitamin E, vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin A, and vitamin B6 were confirmed to not only provide essential nutrients for human health, but also reduce the abortion risk in pregnant women in daily life. The multi-activity (binding ability of SMs with progesterone-estrogen) 3D-QSAR model was constructed to screen SMs derivatives. The LibDock score, a parameter reflecting the binding ability between SMs' Derivative-24 with progesterone-estrogen, decreased as much as 137.67% compared with its precursor galaxolide (HHCB). The 3D-QSAR models assisted screening indicated that Derivative-24 had lower environmental impacts (i.e., bioconcentration and mobility) and improved functional properties (odor stability, musky scent, and odor intensity). The integration of the optimum candidate, Derivative-24, with optimum three supplementary diet plans exhibited a much lower abortion risk than HHCB, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical circumvention strategy as a comprehensive abortion risk control measure. It also shed light on the design of new pharmaceutical and personal care products using advanced computing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Li
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Bing Chen
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Zhiwen Zhu
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Qiao Kang
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Tahir Husain
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Baiyu Zhang
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
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Yang Y, Wang C, Shen H, Fan H, Liu J, Wu N. Cis-bifenthrin inhibits cortisol and aldosterone biosynthesis in human adrenocortical H295R cells via cAMP signaling cascade. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 89:103784. [PMID: 34896276 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cis-bifenthrin (cis-BF) is a common-used pyrethroid insecticide frequently detected in environmental and biological matrices. Mounting evidence highlights the endocrine disrupting effects of cis-BF due to anti-estrogenic or anti-androgenic activity. However, little is known about the exposure effects of cis-BF on adrenal cortex function. In this study, effects of cis-BF on biosynthesis of adrenal steroids, as well as the potential mechanisms were investigated in human adrenocortical carcinoma (H295R) cells. Cis-BF decreased basal production levels of cortisol and aldosterone, as well as cAMP-induced production of cortisol. Both he basal and cAMP-stimulated transcriptional levels of several steroidogenic genes were significantly down-regulated by cis-BF. As an important rate-limiting enzyme in steroidogenesis, the protein level of StAR was prohibited by cis-BF on both basal and cAMP-induced conditions. Intracellular level of cAMP was significantly reduced by cis-BF. Overall, these data suggest that cis-BF may inhibit the biosynthesis of cortisol and aldosterone via disrupting cAMP signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China.
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Department of Public Health, Yu Hang No.2 People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Hong Shen
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Hongliang Fan
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nanxiang Wu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
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Prolonged sub-lethal exposure to galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) promotes the metastatic potential of glioblastoma tumor spheroids. Neurotoxicology 2021; 87:219-230. [PMID: 34687775 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Galaxolide and tonalide are well-known polycyclic musks whose intensive use without limitations in numerous cleaning, hygiene, and personal care products has resulted in widespread direct human exposure via absorption, inhalation, and oral ingestion. Latest data shows that long-term, low-dose exposure to toxic chemicals can induce unpredictable harmful effects in a variety of living systems, however, interactions between synthetic musks and brain tumours remain largely unexplored. Glioblastoma (GB) accounts for nearly half of all tumours of the central nervous system and is characterized by very poor prognosis. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the potential effect of long-term (20-generation) single and combined application of galaxolide and tonalide at sub-lethal doses (5-2.5 u M) on the angiogenesis, invasion, and migration of human U87 cells or tumour spheroids, and (2) to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Random amplified polymorphic DNA assays revealed significant DNA damage and increased total mutation load in galaxolide- and/or tonalide-treated U87 cells. In those same groups, we also detected remarkable tumour spheroid invasion and up-regulation of both HIF1-α/VEGF/MMP9 and IL6/JAK2/STAT3 signals, known to have important roles in hypoxia-related angiogenesis and/or proliferation. Prolonged musk treatment further altered angio-miRNA expression in a manner consistent with poor prognosis in GB. We also detected significant over-expression of the genes Slug, Snail, ZEB1, and Vimentin, which are biomarkers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. In addition, matrigel, transwell, and wound healing assays clearly showed that long-term sub-lethal exposure to galaxolide and/or tonalide induced invasion and migration proposing a high metastatic potential. Our results suggest that assessing expression of HIF-1a, VEGF, STAT3, and the miR-17-92 cluster in biopsy samples of GB patients who have a history of possible long-term exposure to galaxolide or tonalide could be beneficial for deciding a therapy regime. Additionally, we recommend that extensively-used hygiene and cleaning materials be selected from synthetic musk-free products, especially when used in palliative care processes for GB patients.
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Li X, Gu W, Chen B, Zhu Z, Zhang B. Functional modification of HHCB: Strategy for obtaining environmentally friendly derivatives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126116. [PMID: 34492911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Galaxolide (HHCB), one of the most widely used synthetic musks in personal care products (PCPs), has been recognized as an emerging contaminant with potential human health concerns. To overcome such adverse effects, a systematic molecular design, screening and performance evaluation approach was developed to generate functionally improved and environmentally friendly HHCB derivatives. Among the 90 designed HHCB derivatives, 15 were screened with improved functional properties (i.e., odor stability and intensity) and less environmental impacts (i.e., lower bio-toxicity, bio-accumulation ability, and mobility) using 3D-QSAR models and density functional theory methods. Their human health risks were then assessed by toxicokinetic analysis, which narrowed the candidates to four. Derivative 7, the designed molecule with the least dermal adsorption potential, was evaluated for its interaction with other PCPs additives (i.e., anti-photosensitivity materials and moisturizer) and such impacts on human health risks using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation. The environmental fate of Derivative 7 after transformation (i.e., photodegradation, biotransformation, and chlorination) was also discussed. Biotransformation and chlorination were recognized as optimum options for Derivative 7 mitigation. This study provided the theoretical basis for the design of functionally improved and environmentally friendly HHCB alternatives and advanced the understanding of their environmental behaviors and health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Li
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X5.
| | - Wenwen Gu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Bing Chen
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X5.
| | - Zhiwen Zhu
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X5.
| | - Baiyu Zhang
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X5.
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Ehiguese FO, Rodgers ML, Araújo CVM, Griffitt RJ, Martin-Diaz ML. Galaxolide and tonalide modulate neuroendocrine activity in marine species from two taxonomic groups. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110960. [PMID: 33675801 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) are polycyclic musk compounds (PMCs) used in household and personal care products that have been included on the list as emerging contaminants of environmental concern due to their ubiquity in aquatic and terrestrial environments. There still exists a dearth of information on the neurotoxicity and endocrine disrupting effects of these contaminants, especially for marine and estuarine species. Here, we assessed the neuroendocrine effects of HHCB and AHTN using adult clams, Ruditapes philippinarum, and yolk-sac larvae of sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus. The clams were treated with concentrations (0.005-50 μg/L) of each compound for 21 days. Meanwhile, sheepshead minnow larvae were exposed to 0.5, 5 and 50 μg/L of HHCB and AHTN for 3 days. Enzyme activities related to neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase - AChE), neuroendocrine function (cyclooxygenase - COX), and energy reserves (total lipids - TL) were assessed in R. philippinarum. Gene expression levels of cyp19 and vtg1 were measured in C. variegatus using qPCR. Our results indicated induction of AChE and COX in the clams exposed to HHCB while AHTN exposure significantly inhibited AChE and COX. Gene expression of cyp19 and vtg1 in yolk-sac C. variegatus larvae exposed to 50 μg/L AHTN was significantly downregulated versus the control. The results of this study demonstrate that HHCB and AHTN might pose neurotoxic and endocrine disrupting effects in coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friday Ojie Ehiguese
- Physical Chemistry Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI.MAR), University of Cadiz, República Saharaui S/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Technology, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS, 39564, USA.
| | - Maria L Rodgers
- Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Technology, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS, 39564, USA
| | - Cristiano V M Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Robert J Griffitt
- Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Technology, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS, 39564, USA
| | - M Laura Martin-Diaz
- Physical Chemistry Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI.MAR), University of Cadiz, República Saharaui S/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Xiang H, Sun Q, Wang W, Li S, Xiang X, Li Z, Liao X, Li H. Study of conformational and functional changes caused by binding of environmental pollutant tonalide to human serum albumin. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:129431. [PMID: 33388505 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tonalide (AHTN) is a new category of pollutants with a wide range of potential environmental and organismal hazards due to its persistence and lipophilicity, and the safety evaluation of this pollutant under physiological condition is a pressing issue. This study investigated the mechanism of interaction between AHTN and human serum albumin (HSA) that is an important transporter in plasma using multiple spectroscopic, molecular docking, and dynamics simulation methods. The steady-state fluorescence and fluorescence lifetime experiments showed that AHTN quenches the inherent fluorescence of HSA through a static quenching mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters exhibited that the binding constant of AHTN and HSA is of the order of 10^4 L/mol, and the binding is a spontaneous process of moderate strength with hydrophobic forces as the main driving force. Site competition revealed that AHTN binds to site I of HSA IIA subdomain, which was evidenced by the molecular docking results. AHTN altered the HSA amino acid microenvironment and conformation can be derived from three-dimensional fluorescence, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulation. The computer simulations corroborate the experimental results positively. Moreover, AHTN acted as a competitive inhibitor to weaken the esterase-like activity of HSA, leading to impaired function of HSA. Results suggest that interactions between AHTN and HSA may affect the normal structure and activities of the protein, this insight will be helpful to provide some basic information to further explore the potential hazards of AHTN in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhao Xiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Qiaomei Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Wenjing Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Sai Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Xi Xiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; R&D Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650000, China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Liao
- R&D Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650000, China.
| | - Hui Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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Cartolano MC, Alloy MM, Milton E, Plotnikova A, Mager EM, McDonald MD. Exposure and Recovery from Environmentally Relevant Levels of Waterborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Deepwater Horizon Oil: Effects on the Gulf Toadfish Stress Axis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1062-1074. [PMID: 33252787 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that the combination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill impairs the glucocorticoid stress response of vertebrates in the Gulf of Mexico, but the mechanisms are unclear. We hypothesized that inhibition of cortisol release may be due to 1) overstimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-inter-renal (HPI) axis, or 2) an inhibition of cortisol biosynthesis through PAH activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Using a flow-through system, Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) were continuously exposed to control conditions or one of 3 environmentally relevant concentrations of PAHs from Deepwater Horizon oil (∑PAH50 = 0-3 μg L-1 ) for up to 7 d. One group of toadfish was then exposed to a recovery period for up to 7 d. No changes in corticotrophin-releasing factor mRNA expression, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), or pituitary mass suggested that overstimulation of the HPI axis was not a factor. The AhR activation was measured by an elevation of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A) mRNA expression within the HPI axis in fish exposed to high PAH concentrations; however, CYP1A was no longer induced after 3 d of recovery in any of the tissues. At 7 d of recovery, there was an impairment of cortisol release in response to an additional simulated predator chase that does not appear to be due to changes in the mRNA expression of the kidney steroidogenic pathway proteins steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage, and 11β-hydroxylase. Future analyses are needed to determine whether the stress response impairment is due to cholesterol availability and/or down-regulation of the melanocortin 2 receptor. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1062-1074. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Cartolano
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew M Alloy
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Emily Milton
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Anastasiya Plotnikova
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Edward M Mager
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - M Danielle McDonald
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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13
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Katuri GP, Fan X, Siddique S, Kubwabo C, Kosarac I, Harris SA, Foster WG. A Selective and Sensitive Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Quantitation of Synthetic Musks in Human Serum. J AOAC Int 2020; 103:1461-1468. [PMID: 33247738 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthetic musk compounds are widely used as fragrances in many consumer products; however, information on human exposure and health effects is limited. Also, analytical methods for their quantification in biological matrices are limited. OBJECTIVE In this study, an integrated method was developed and validated for the analysis of selected synthetic musk compounds in human serum. METHOD The method is based on liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), sample clean-up by solid-phase extraction (SPE), and separation and detection by gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). RESULTS The method demonstrated good recoveries (86-105%) and high sensitivity, with low method detection limits (MDLs) ranging from 0.04 to 0.17 µg/L. The method was applied to the analysis of 10 synthetic musk compounds in 40 serum samples collected from Canadian women aged 20-44 years (20 individual samples collected in 2014 and 20 pooled samples collected in 2006). The most commonly detected compound was Galaxolide (HHCB), with median concentrations of 0.59 µg/L in samples collected in 2006, and 0.34 µg/L for samples collected in 2014. Musk ketone (MK) was not detected in any of the samples collected in 2006, but was detected in 60% of the samples collected in 2014 with a median concentration of 0.29 µg/L. Tonalide (AHTN) was detected in only one sample above its MDL (0.12 µg/L). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study in Canada to report levels of synthetic musks in human. The data generated from this study has been used in risk screening assessment by Environment and Climate Change Canada and Health Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guru Prasad Katuri
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xinghua Fan
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shabana Siddique
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cariton Kubwabo
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ivana Kosarac
- Office of Research and Surveillance, Tobacco Control Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shelley A Harris
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Warren G Foster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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14
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An Insight into Ingredients of Toxicological Interest in Personal Care Products and A Small–Scale Sampling Survey of the Greek Market: Delineating a Potential Contamination Source for Water Resources. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11122501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wastewater is not a waste but a valuable resource that should be reused. Nevertheless, it should be devoid of physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters that can harm the consumer. Along with the multitude of possible pollutants found in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), emerging pollutants, such as Personal Care Products (PCPs), have arisen. The present research examines some of the main ingredients commonly found in PCPs, focusing on their toxicological profile on their occurrence in WWTPs influents and effluents worldwide and on their persistence and biodegradability. A small-scale market sampling of PCPs was performed in Athens, Greece, in June 2019, and their individual ingredients were recorded, coded according to their main activity, scanned for the presence of ingredients of important toxicological profile, and finally analyzed for the presence of other candidates of toxicological interest. Results show that some ingredients of concern (i.e., parabens and triclosan) are a decreasing trend. On the other hand, information on the presence of synthetic musks and perfume synthesis is scarce and encumbered by brand protection. Finally, UV filters are numerous, and they are used in various combinations, while other ingredients of toxicological interest are also present. Since the reclaimed water may well be used to cover irrigation needs in Greek areas with water deficiency or to enrich bodies of surface water, it is important to know what PCP ingredients are on the rise in the market, to monitor their presence in WWTPs influents and effluents and to extend research on their environmental fate and behavior.
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15
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Fan B, Wang X, Li J, Gao X, Li W, Huang Y, Liu Z. Deriving aquatic life criteria for galaxolide (HHCB) and ecological risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 681:488-496. [PMID: 31121399 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The polycyclic musk galaxolide (HHCB) is widely used as fragrances in personal care products (PCPs) and has been detected in various environmental media. There is an urgent need to derive aquatic life criteria (ALC) of HHCB for the protection of aquatic organisms. Toxicity tests with 8 Chinese resident aquatic organisms from 3 phyla and 8 families were conducted, and three methods were used for deriving the ALC. A criterion maximum concentration (CMC) of 8.33 μg/L and a criterion continuous concentration (CCC) of 2.20 μg/L were derived according to the USEPA guidelines. The acute predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) values derived by log-normal species sensitivity distribution (SSD) and log-logistic SSD method were 77.41 and 66.47 μg/L, respectively. In addition, a significant sensitivity difference was observed between the planktonic crustacean and benthic crustacean, and there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) among SSDs based on resident and non-resident species. A comparison of chronic SSDs between HHCB, tonalide (AHTN) and musk ketone (MK) showed that nitro musk (MK) was more toxic to aquatic organisms than polycyclic musks (HHCB and AHTN). Finally, an assessment of risk to aquatic organisms in surface waters and effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) worldwide showed that potential risk may exist at several locations. HHCB concentrations in 4.08 and 46.17% of the WWTP effluents in China and 1.71 and 16.13% of the WWTP effluents in other countries exceed the hazard concentration for 5% and 1% aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effects and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effects and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effects and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiangyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effects and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effects and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effects and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Li X, Chu Z, Yang J, Li M, Du M, Zhao X, Zhu ZJ, Li Y. Synthetic Musks: A Class of Commercial Fragrance Additives in Personal Care Products (PCPs) Causing Concern as Emerging Contaminants. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2018; 81:213-280. [PMID: 30471657 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic musks (SMs) are promising fragrance additives used in personal care products (PCPs). The widespread presence of SMs in environmental media remains a serious risk because of their harmful effects. Recently, the environmental hazards of SMs have been widely reported in various environmental samples including those from coastal and marine regions. This paper provides a systematic review of SMs, including their classification, synthetic routes, analysis and occurrence in environmental samples, fate and toxicity in the environment, as well as the associated risk assessment and pollution control. Research gaps and future opportunities were also identified with the hope of raising interest in this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Li
- The Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Zhenhua Chu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawen Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Minghao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Meijin Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Joy Zhu
- The Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
| | - Yu Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China.
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17
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Montesdeoca-Esponda S, Checchini L, Del Bubba M, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Santana-Rodriguez JJ. Analytical approaches for the determination of personal care products and evaluation of their occurrence in marine organisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:405-425. [PMID: 29579652 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of the aquatic environment caused by multiple human activities may exert a negative impact on all living organisms. Several contaminants of emerging concern such as personal care products (PCPs) are continuously released into the aquatic environment where they are biologically active and persistent. This work reviews the current knowledge, provided by papers published after 2010 and indexed by SciFinder, Scopus, and Google search engines, about the determination and occurrence of PCPs in marine biota. Analytical methodologies have been critically reviewed, emphasizing the importance of green and high-throughput approaches and focusing the discussion on the complexity of the solute-matrix interaction in the extraction step, as well as the matrix effect in the instrumental determination. Finally, the worldwide distribution of PCPs is surveyed, taking into account the concentrations found in the same organism in different marine environments. Differences among various world areas have been highlighted, evidencing some critical aspects from an environmental point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Montesdeoca-Esponda
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Leonardo Checchini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Del Bubba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Juan Santana-Rodriguez
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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18
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Helm JS, Nishioka M, Brody JG, Rudel RA, Dodson RE. Measurement of endocrine disrupting and asthma-associated chemicals in hair products used by Black women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 165:448-458. [PMID: 29705122 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personal care products are a source of exposure to endocrine disrupting and asthma-associated chemicals. Because use of hair products differs by race/ethnicity, these products may contribute to exposure and disease disparities. OBJECTIVE This preliminary study investigates the endocrine disrupting and asthma-associated chemical content of hair products used by U.S. Black women. METHODS We used gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to test 18 hair products in 6 categories used by Black women: hot oil treatment, anti-frizz/polish, leave-in conditioner, root stimulator, hair lotion, and relaxer. We tested for 66 chemicals belonging to 10 chemical classes: ultraviolet (UV) filters, cyclosiloxanes, glycol ethers, fragrances, alkylphenols, ethanolamines, antimicrobials, bisphenol A, phthalates, and parabens. RESULTS The hair products tested contained 45 endocrine disrupting or asthma-associated chemicals, including every targeted chemical class. We found cyclosiloxanes, parabens, and the fragrance marker diethyl phthalate (DEP) at the highest levels, and DEP most frequently. Root stimulators, hair lotions, and relaxers frequently contained nonylphenols, parabens, and fragrances; anti-frizz products contained cyclosiloxanes. Hair relaxers for children contained five chemicals regulated by California's Proposition 65 or prohibited by EU cosmetics regulation. Targeted chemicals were generally not listed on the product label. CONCLUSIONS Hair products used by Black women and children contained multiple chemicals associated with endocrine disruption and asthma. The prevalence of parabens and DEP is consistent with higher levels of these compounds in biomonitoring samples from Black women compared with White women. These results indicate the need for more information about the contribution of consumer products to exposure disparities. A precautionary approach would reduce the use of endocrine disrupting chemicals in personal care products and improve labeling so women can select products consistent with their values.
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19
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Yang X, Song W, Liu N, Sun Z, Liu R, Liu QS, Zhou Q, Jiang G. Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants Cause Perturbation in Steroidogenesis in Vitro and in Vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:850-858. [PMID: 29236469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) are closely correlated with human life due to their extensive usages, and increasing concerns have been raised on their biosafety. The previous controversial findings caused continuous debates on their potential endocrine disrupting effects. In the present study, four commonly used SPAs, including butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) and 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) (AO2246), were investigated for their estrogenic effects, and the results from in vitro screening assays showed SPAs themselves had negligible estrogen receptor binding affinities. Nevertheless, significant increase in E2 secretion was observed in H295R cells treated with SPAs, especially for BHA. The transcriptional levels of steroidogenic enzymes, including StAR, 3βHSD, CYP11B1, and CYP11B2 were up-regulated via the mediation of protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. In vivo experiment confirmed that waterborne exposure to BHA disturbed E2 and testosterone (T) levels in zebrafish gonad, thus causing potential estrogenic effects through the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis (HPGL-axis). Accordingly, this study has provided new insights for SPA-induced endocrine disrupting effects. Considering the allowable maximum level of individual BHA or in combination with TBHQ and BHT in foodstuffs (200 mg kg-1), the perturbation in steroidogenesis observed for relatively low concentrations of SPAs would need more public attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- Medical College, Henan Polytechnic University , Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhendong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruirui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
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20
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Reddam A, Mager EM, Grosell M, McDonald MD. The impact of acute PAH exposure on the toadfish glucocorticoid stress response. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 192:89-96. [PMID: 28942071 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine whether the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill impacted the stress response of teleost fish. The hypothesis was that intraperitoneal (IP) treatment with PAHs associated with the DWH oil spill or waterborne exposure to DWH oil high energy water-accommodated fraction (HEWAF) would result in the downregulation of the stress response of Gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta, a benthic marine teleost fish that resides in the Gulf of Mexico. In vivo plasma cortisol levels and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-mediated cortisol secretion by in vitro isolated kidney tissue were measured. Toadfish at rest IP-treated with naphthalene had higher plasma cortisol compared to fluorene-treated and control fish; phenanthrene-treated fish tended to have higher plasma cortisol levels that fluorene-treated and controls. When subjected to an additional crowding stress, naphthalene and phenanthrene-treated fish were no longer able to mount a stress response compared to fluorene-treated and control fish, suggesting exhaustion of the stress response. Supporting this in vivo data, there tended to be less cortisol released by the kidney in vitro from naphthalene and phenanthrene-treated fish in response to ACTH compared to controls. In contrast, toadfish at rest exposed to 3% Slick A HEWAF did not have significantly different plasma cortisol levels compared to controls. But, exposed fish did have significantly less cortisol released by the kidney in vitro in response to ACTH. When toadfish were subjected to an additional stress, there were no significant differences in plasma cortisol or ACTH, suggesting the action of a secondary secretagogue to maintain plasma cortisol in vivo. Combined, these data suggest that in response to acute PAH exposure, there may be internalization or downregulation of the melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R) that mediates the action of ACTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aalekhya Reddam
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149-1098, USA
| | - Edward M Mager
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149-1098, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149-1098, USA
| | - M Danielle McDonald
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149-1098, USA.
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21
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Api AM, Belsito D, Botelho D, Browne D, Bruze M, Burton GA, Buschmann J, Calow P, Dagli ML, Date M, Dekant W, Deodhar C, Fryer AD, Joshi K, La Cava S, Lapczynski A, Liebler DC, O'Brien D, Parakhia R, Patel A, Penning TM, Ritacco G, Romine J, Salvito D, Schultz TW, Sipes IG, Thakkar Y, Tsang S, Wahler J. RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 5-Acetyl-3-isopropyl-1,1,2,6-tetramethylindane, CAS Registry Number 68140-48-7. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 110 Suppl 1:S198-S209. [PMID: 28499826 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Api
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA.
| | - D Belsito
- Member RIFM Expert Panel, Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, 161 Fort Washington Ave., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - D Botelho
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA
| | - D Browne
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA
| | - M Bruze
- Member RIFM Expert Panel, Malmo University Hospital, Department of Occupational & Environmental Dermatology, Sodra Forstadsgatan 101, Entrance 47, Malmo, SE, 20502, Sweden
| | - G A Burton
- Member RIFM Expert Panel, School of Natural Resources & Environment, University of Michigan, Dana Building G110, 440 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 58109, USA
| | - J Buschmann
- Member RIFM Expert Panel, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Calow
- Member RIFM Expert Panel, Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, 301 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - M L Dagli
- Member RIFM Expert Panel, University of Sao Paulo, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, Av. Prof. dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Sao Paulo, CEP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - M Date
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA
| | - W Dekant
- Member RIFM Expert Panel, University of Wuerzburg, Department of Toxicology, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Deodhar
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA
| | - A D Fryer
- Member RIFM Expert Panel, Oregon Health Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - K Joshi
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA
| | - S La Cava
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA
| | - A Lapczynski
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA
| | - D C Liebler
- Member RIFM Expert Panel, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, 638 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - D O'Brien
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA
| | - R Parakhia
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA
| | - A Patel
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA
| | - T M Penning
- Member of RIFM Expert Panel, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, 1316 Biomedical Research Building (BRB) II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3083, USA
| | - G Ritacco
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA
| | - J Romine
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA
| | - D Salvito
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA
| | - T W Schultz
- Member RIFM Expert Panel, The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Medicine, 2407 River Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996- 4500, USA
| | - I G Sipes
- Member RIFM Expert Panel, Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ 85724-5050, USA
| | - Y Thakkar
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA
| | - S Tsang
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA
| | - J Wahler
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA
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Zhang X, Yu Y, Gu Y, Li X, Zhang X, Yu Y. In vitro determination of transdermal permeation of synthetic musks and estimated dermal uptake through usage of personal care products. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 173:417-424. [PMID: 28129620 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic musks, chemical constituents of personal care products, enter the human body through dermal contact. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying transdermal permeation of synthetic musks should enhance our understanding of their uptake and distribution in human skin and allow accurate evaluation of associated human exposure. Here, the transdermal permeation dynamics and distribution of galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were investigated using an in vitro skin diffusion model. The transdermal permeation amounts of HHCB and AHTN increased rapidly during the first 6 h. The applied HHCB and AHTN amounts did not affect percutaneous absorption rates. HHCB and AHTN remained primarily in the stratum corneum, accounting for 70.0% and 70.3% of the totals during the 24-h period, respectively. The percutaneous absorption rate of both chemicals was ∼11%. HHCB, AHTN, musk ketone, musk xylene, and Musk-T were detected in 29 personal care products. The average total concentrations of the musks were 3990, 54.0, 17.7, and 9.8 μg g-1 in perfume, shampoo, lotion, and shower gel, respectively. Among the four product categories, HHCB was dominant (57.4%-99.6%), followed by AHTN. The data clearly indicate that polycyclic and nitro musks are most commonly used in personal care products. The total estimated dermal intake (51.6 μg kg-1bw day-1) was markedly higher than total dermal uptake (5.9 μg kg-1bw day-1) when percutaneous absorption rates of the chemicals were added into the calculation. Uptake of HHCB and AHTN via dermal contact of personal care products was significantly higher than that from dust inhalation calculated according to earlier literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yuling Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yue Gu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
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23
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Api AM, Belsito D, Bhatia S, Bruze M, Calow P, Dagli ML, Dekant W, Fryer AD, Kromidas L, La Cava S, Lalko JF, Lapczynski A, Liebler DC, Miyachi Y, Politano VT, Ritacco G, Salvito D, Schultz TW, Shen J, Sipes IG, Wall B, Wilcox DK. RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 1-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4,4-dimethyl-1-naphthyl)propan-1-one, CAS Registry Number 74499-60-8. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97S:S101-S109. [PMID: 27475045 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of this material under current use conditions is supported by the existing information. This material was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental and reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, as well as environmental safety. Data from the target material and the suitable read across analog 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetraline (CAS # 21145-77-7) show that this material is not genotoxic. Data from the suitable read across analog 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetraline (CAS # 21145-77-7) provided a MOE > 100 for the repeat dose and developmental toxicity endpoints. The reproductive and local respiratory toxicity endpoints were completed using the TTC (Threshold of Toxicological Concern) for a Cramer Class II material (0.009 mg/kg/day and 0.47 mg/day, respectively). Data on the target material showed that this material is below the non-reactive DST for skin sensitization and did not have the potential for phototoxicity or photoallergenicity. The environmental endpoint was completed as described in the RIFM Framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Api
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA.
| | - D Belsito
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, 161 Fort Washington Ave., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - S Bhatia
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - M Bruze
- Malmo University Hospital, Department of Occupational & Environmental Dermatology, Sodra Forstadsgatan 101, Entrance 47, Malmo, SE-20502, Sweden
| | - P Calow
- Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, 301 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - M L Dagli
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, Av. Prof. dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Sao Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - W Dekant
- University of Wuerzburg, Department of Toxicology, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A D Fryer
- Oregon Health Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - L Kromidas
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - S La Cava
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - J F Lalko
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - A Lapczynski
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - D C Liebler
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, 638 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, USA
| | - Y Miyachi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - V T Politano
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - G Ritacco
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - D Salvito
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - T W Schultz
- The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Medicine, 2407 River Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996-4500, USA
| | - J Shen
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - I G Sipes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5050, USA
| | - B Wall
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - D K Wilcox
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
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24
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Feng Y, Jiao Z, Shi J, Li M, Guo Q, Shao B. Effects of bisphenol analogues on steroidogenic gene expression and hormone synthesis in H295R cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 147:9-19. [PMID: 26751127 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of Bisphenol A (BPA) has been regulated in many countries because of its potential adverse effects on human health. As a result of the restriction, structural anologues such as bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) have already been used for industrial applications as alternatives to BPA. Bisphenol AF (BPAF) is mainly used as a crosslinker in the synthesis of specialty fluoroelastomers. These compounds have been detected in various environmental matrices and human samples. Previous studies have shown that these compounds have potential endocrine disrupting effects on wildlife and mammals in general. However, the effects on adrenocortical function and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, the H295R cell line was used as a model to compare the cell toxicity and to investigate the potential endocrine disrupting action of four BPs (including BPA, BPS, BPF, and BPAF). The half lethal concentration (LC50) values at 72 h exposure indicated that the rank order of toxicities of the chemicals was BPAF > BPA > BPS > BPF. The hormone results demonstrated that BPA analogues, such as BPF, BPS and BPAF were capable of altering steroidogenesis in H295R cells. BPA and BPS exhibited inhibition of hormone production, BPF predominantly led to increased progesterone and 17β-estradiol levels and BPAF showed induction of progesterone and reduction of testosterone. Inhibition effects of BPA and BPAF on hormone production were probably mediated by down-regulation of steroidogenic genes in H295R cells. However, the mechanisms of the endocrine interrupting action of BPF and BPS are still unclear, which may have additional mechanisms that have not been detected with BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Zhihao Jiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Jiachen Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Ming Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Qiaozhen Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China.
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25
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Wang J, Cao X, Sun J, Huang Y, Tang X. Disruption of endocrine function in H295R cell in vitro and in zebrafish in vivo by naphthenic acids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 299:1-9. [PMID: 26073515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) have been reported to exhibit endocrine disrupting effects on aquatic organisms. Although the responsible compounds are unknown, naphthenic acids (NAs) have been considered to be implicated. The current study was designed to investigate the endocrine disruption of OSPW extracted NAs (OS-NAs) and commercial NAs (C-NAs) using a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays. The effects of OS-NAs and C-NAs on steroidogenesis were assessed both at hormone levels and expression levels of hormone-related genes in the H295R cells. The transcriptions of biomarker genes involved in endocrine systems in zebrafish larvae were investigated to detect the effects of OS-NAs and C-NAs on endocrine function in vivo. Exposure to OS-NAs and C-NAs significantly increased production of 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), and decreased production of testosterone (T). Both OS-NAs and C-NAs significantly induced the expression of several genes involved in steroidogenesis. The abundances of transcripts of biomarker gene CYP19b, ERα, and VTG were significantly up-regulated in zebrafish larvae exposed to OS-NAs and C-NAs, which indicated that NAs had negative effects on estrogen-responsive gene transcription in vivo. These results indicated that NAs should be partly responsible for the endocrine disrupting effects of OSPW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinhua Sun
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yi Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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26
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Zhang X, Jing Y, Ma L, Zhou J, Fang X, Zhang X, Yu Y. Occurrence and transport of synthetic musks in paired maternal blood, umbilical cord blood, and breast milk. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2015; 218:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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27
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Kang S, Park S, Kim MJ, Oh SM, Chung KH, Lee S. A sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS analysis coupled with an online sample enrichment technique for H295R steroidogenesis assay and its application in the investigation of the effect of sildenafil on steroidogenesis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:9489-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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