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Huang W, Xu P, Li X, Huang Y, Sun H, Li W, Zhang M, Shi M, Yuan Y. Performance evaluation of the effect of humic acid on Anammox granular sludge: Apparent morphology, nitrogen removal and microbial community. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 144:148-158. [PMID: 38802226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Humic acid (HA) is a typical refractory organic matter, so it is of great significance to investigate its effect on the performance of Anammox granular sludge. When the dosage of HA ≤ 50 mg/L, HA promotes the total nitrogen removal rate (NRR) to 1.45 kg/(m3·day). When HA was between 50 and 100 mg/L, the NRR of Anammox was stable. At this time, the adsorption of HA causes the sludge to gradually turn from red to brown, but the activities of heme and enzymes showed that its capacity was not affected. When HA levels reached 250 mg/L, the NRR dropped to 0.11 kg/(m3·day). Moderate HA levels promoted the release of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), but excessive HA levels lead to a decrease in EPS concentrations. HA inhibited Anammox activity, which indirectly hindered the transmission of substrate and accumulated substrate toxicity. Although HA promoted the increase of heterotrophic microbial abundance in Anammox system, the microbial diversity decreased gradually. With the increase of HA concentration, the abundance of Candidatus_Brocadia, the main functional microorganism of Anammox system, decreased gradually, while the abundance of Candidatus_Kuenenia increased gradually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Peiling Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; Suzhou Tianjun Environmental Technology Limited Company, Suzhou 215011, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Suzhou Hongyu Environmental Technology Company Limited by Shares, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Mao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Miao Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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Yang F, Yuan Y, Liu Q, Zhang X, Gai S, Jin Y, Cheng K. Artificial humic acid promotes growth of maize seedling under alkali conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121588. [PMID: 37028787 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Salinization of cropland is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting global agricultural sustainability, posing a serious threat to agricultural productivity and food security. Application of artificial humic acid (A-HA) as plant biostimulants has been increasingly attracting farmers and researchers. However, its regulation of seed germination and growth under alkali stress has rarely received attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of maize (Zea mays L.) seed germination and seedling growth after the addition of A-HA. The effects of A-HA on seed germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll contents and osmoregulation substance under black and saline soil conditions were studied by soaking maize in solutions with and without various concentrations of A-HA. Artificial humic acid treatments significantly increased the seed germination index and dry weight of seedlings. The effects of maize root in absence and presence of A-HA under alkali stress were also evaluated using transcriptome sequencing. GO and KEGG analyzes were performed on differentially expressed genes, and the reliability of transcriptome data was verified by qPCR analysis. Results showed that A-HA significantly activated phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation pathways and plant hormone signal transduction. Moreover, Transcription factor analysis revealed that A-HA induced the expression of several transcription factors under alkali stress which had a regulatory effect on the alleviation of alkali damage in the root system. Overall, our results suggested that soaking seeds with A-HA can alleviate alkali accumulation and toxicity in maize, constituting a simple and effective strategy to mitigate saline toxicity. These results will provide new insights for the application of A-HA in management to reduce alkali-caused crop loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Joint Laboratory of Northeast Agricultural University and Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (NEAU-MPICI), Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Yue Yuan
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Joint Laboratory of Northeast Agricultural University and Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (NEAU-MPICI), Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qingyu Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Joint Laboratory of Northeast Agricultural University and Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (NEAU-MPICI), Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Joint Laboratory of Northeast Agricultural University and Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (NEAU-MPICI), Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shuang Gai
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Joint Laboratory of Northeast Agricultural University and Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (NEAU-MPICI), Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yongxu Jin
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Joint Laboratory of Northeast Agricultural University and Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (NEAU-MPICI), Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Kui Cheng
- Joint Laboratory of Northeast Agricultural University and Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (NEAU-MPICI), Harbin, 150030, China; College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
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Kolesnik OV, Rozhko TV, Kudryasheva NS. Marine Bacteria under Low-Intensity Radioactive Exposure: Model Experiments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010410. [PMID: 36613854 PMCID: PMC9820739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioactive contaminants create problems all over world, involving marine ecosystems, with their ecological importance increasing in the future. The review focuses on bioeffects of a series of alpha and beta emitting radioisotopes (americium-241, uranium-(235 + 238), thorium-232, and tritium) and gamma radiation. Low-intensity exposures are under special consideration. Great attention has been paid to luminous marine bacteria as representatives of marine microorganisms and a conventional bioassay system. This bioassay uses bacterial bioluminescence intensity as the main testing physiological parameter; currently, it is widely applied due to its simplicity and sensitivity. Dependences of the bacterial luminescence response on the exposure time and irradiation intensity were reviewed, and applicability of hormetic or threshold models was discussed. A number of aspects of molecular intracellular processes under exposure to low-intensity radiation were analyzed: (a) changes in the rates of enzymatic processes in bacteria with the bioluminescent system of coupled enzymatic reactions of NADH:FMN-oxidoreductase and bacterial luciferase taken as an example; (b) consumption of an intracellular reducer, NADH; (c) active role of reactive oxygen species; (d) repairing of the DNA damage. The results presented confirm the function of humic substances as natural radioprotectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Kolesnik
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center ‘Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS’, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Biophysics Department, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Rozhko
- FSBEI HE V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky KrasSMU MOH, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda S. Kudryasheva
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center ‘Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS’, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Biophysics Department, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Santos JLA, Busato JG, Pittarello M, da Silva J, Horák-Terra I, Evaristo AB, Dobbss LB. Alkaline extract from vermicompost reduced the stress promoted by As on maize plants and increase their phytoextraction capacity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:20864-20877. [PMID: 34741736 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) represents an environmental risk and phytoremediation has been identified as a good technique to recover contaminated soils. Plants defense mechanisms needed to be enhanced against As stress-promoting action by biostimulants such as humic materials. This work sought to determine the effectiveness of an alkaline vermicompost extract (AEV) and in mitigating stresses promoted by As in maize plants, increasing their potential use for phytoextraction. The AEV were extracted from vermicompost and two preliminary assays in Leonard pots were carried out: the first one to define the best AEV concentration-response dose and the second to point out the toxic As concentration. The second step was to set up a 28-day long experiment with the following four treatments: control, AEV, As, As + AEV. AEV attenuated As-induced stress in maize plants. Maize dry biomass was reduced in the As treatment and rebalanced to values similar to the control in the As + HS treatment while the plants treated only with HS showed the highest biomass among the treatments. The concentrations of P, Fe, Cu, Mn and Ni, and catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) antioxidant activity increased in the As treatment and decreased in the As + AEV treatment. The rate of photosynthesis decreased, and the internal CO2 concentration increased with stress induced by As, where both effects were attenuated by AEV. Our results show the positive effect of the AEV in alleviating As abiotic stress on maize growth, offering new options of employment of humic substances in phytoremediation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Luiz Antunes Santos
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Unaí, MG, 38610-000, Brazil.
| | - Jader Galba Busato
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Marco Pittarello
- Department of Agronomy, Animals and the Environment (DAFNAE), Natural Resources, University of Padova, 35020, FoodLegnaro, Italy
| | - Juscimar da Silva
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Fazenda Tamanduá, Embrapa HortaliçasParque Estação Biológica, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Horák-Terra
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Unaí, MG, 38610-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson Barbosa Evaristo
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Unaí, MG, 38610-000, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Barros Dobbss
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Unaí, MG, 38610-000, Brazil
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Sales Junior SF, Costa Amaral IC, Mannarino CF, Hauser-Davis RA, Correia FV, Saggioro EM. Long-term landfill leachate exposure modulates antioxidant responses and causes cyto-genotoxic effects in Eisenia andrei earthworms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117351. [PMID: 34000669 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that approximately 0.4% of the total leachate produced in a landfill is destined for treatment plants, while the rest can reach the soil and groundwater. In this context, this study aimed to perform leachate toxicity evaluations through immune system cytotoxic assessments, genotoxic (comet assay) appraisals and antioxidant system (superoxide dismutase - SOD; catalase - CAT, glutathione-S-transferase - GST; reduced glutathione - GSH and metallothionein - MT) evaluations in Eisenia andrei earthworms exposed to a Brazilian leachate for 77 days. The leachate sample contained high organic matter (COD - 10,630 mg L-1) and ammoniacal nitrogen (2398 mg L-1), as well as several metals, including Ca, Cr, Fe, Mg, Ni and Zn. Leachate exposure resulted in SOD activity alterations and increased CAT activity and MT levels. Decreased GST activity and GSH levels were also observed. Antioxidant system alterations due to leachate exposure led to increased malondialdehyde levels as a result of lipid peroxidation after the 77 day-exposure. An inflammatory process was also observed in exposed earthworms, evidenced by increased amoebocyte density, and DNA damage was also noted. This study demonstrates for the first time that sublethal effect assessments in leachate-exposed earthworms comprise an important tool for solid waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Fernandes Sales Junior
- Center of Studies on Worker's Health and Human Ecology, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabele Campos Costa Amaral
- Center of Studies on Worker's Health and Human Ecology, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camille Ferreira Mannarino
- Sanitation and Environment Health Department, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio Veríssimo Correia
- UNIRIO,Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290-20, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Enrico Mendes Saggioro
- Center of Studies on Worker's Health and Human Ecology, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Sanitation and Environment Health Department, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Azeem K, Naz F, Jalal A, Galindo FS, Teixeira Filho MCM, Khalil F. Humic acid and nitrogen dose application in corn crop under alkaline soil conditions. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA E AMBIENTAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n10p657-663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Humic acid (HA), as a bio-stimulant and a major component of organic matter (OM), can improve plant physiology, soil fertility, and nutrient availability, mainly in low OM soils. Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important nutrients that affect several metabolic and biochemical activities, leading to improved plant development. This study was conducted to investigate the combined effect of HA and N doses on soil organic matter (SOM) and total N concentration, N uptake, corn growth, and grain yield under conventional tillage at Peshawar, Pakistan. Treatments were tested in a randomized block design with four replicates arranged in a factorial scheme 3 × 4 + 1. The respective doses of HA (1.5, 3,0 and 4.5 kg ha-1) were applied at the corn sowing, whereas N doses (80, 120, 160, and 200 kg ha-1) were applied in three splits (1/3 at sowing, 1/3 at the V5 stage, and remaining 1/3 at the tasselling stage) with one control (no HA and N). The application of HA, regardless of the applied doses, had positive effects on SOM, N concentration, N uptake, corn development, and grain yield. However, the application of 4.5 kg ha-1 of HA was the most effective in promoting SOM (0.83%) and total N (0.31%), shoot biomass (10610 kg ha-1), N uptake (1.13%), and grain yield (3780 kg ha-1), even when combined with the N doses of 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha-1. Increasing N doses positively influenced SOM, N concentration, N uptake, and corn growth. The greatest grain yield was obtained at 150 kg ha-1 of N regardless of HA applied doses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farah Naz
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Pakistan
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Wu X, Lau CH, Pramanik BK, Zhang J, Xie Z. State-of-the-Art and Opportunities for Forward Osmosis in Sewage Concentration and Wastewater Treatment. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11050305. [PMID: 33919353 PMCID: PMC8143320 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11050305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of membrane technologies for wastewater treatment to recover water and nutrients from different types of wastewater can be an effective strategy to mitigate the water shortage and provide resource recovery for sustainable development of industrialisation and urbanisation. Forward osmosis (FO), driven by the osmotic pressure difference between solutions divided by a semi-permeable membrane, has been recognised as a potential energy-efficient filtration process with a low tendency for fouling and a strong ability to filtrate highly polluted wastewater. The application of FO for wastewater treatment has received significant attention in research and attracted technological effort in recent years. In this review, we review the state-of-the-art application of FO technology for sewage concentration and wastewater treatment both as an independent treatment process and in combination with other treatment processes. We also provide an outlook of the future prospects and recommendations for the improvement of membrane performance, fouling control and system optimisation from the perspectives of membrane materials, operating condition optimisation, draw solution selection, and multiple technologies combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wu
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia;
| | - Cher Hon Lau
- School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK;
| | | | - Jianhua Zhang
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
| | - Zongli Xie
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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Humic Substances Mitigate the Impact of Tritium on Luminous Marine Bacteria. Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186783. [PMID: 32947870 PMCID: PMC7556015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper studies the combined effects of beta-emitting radionuclide tritium and Humic Substances (HS) on the marine unicellular microorganism—luminous bacteria—under conditions of low-dose radiation exposures (<0.04 Gy). Tritium was used as a component of tritiated water. Bacterial luminescence intensity was considered as a tested physiological parameter. The bioluminescence response of the marine bacteria to tritium corresponded to the “hormesis” model: it included stages of bioluminescence inhibition and activation, as well as the absence of the effect. HS were shown to decrease the inhibition and activation effects of tritium, similar to those of americium-241, alpha-emitting radionuclide, studied earlier. Correlations between the bioluminescence intensity and the content of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) were found in the radioactive bacterial suspensions. The results demonstrate an important role of HS in natural processes in the regions of low radioactive contamination: HS can mitigate radiotoxic effects and adaptive response of microorganisms to low-dose radioactive exposures. The involvement of ROS in these processes was demonstrated.
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Shen J, Guo MJ, Wang YG, Yuan XY, Wen YY, Song XE, Dong SQ, Guo PY. Humic acid improves the physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of millet seedlings under drought stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1774212. [PMID: 32552556 PMCID: PMC8570710 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1774212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether humic acid (HA) can alleviate the injury of millet caused by drought and its potential mechanism. Millet seeds (Jingu 21 and Zhangza 10) were soaked in different concentrations of HA (0, 50, 10, 200, and 300 mg L-1) for 12 h. The physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of millet seedlings, including growth parameters, osmotic regulators, antioxidase activity, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and P700 parameters, were determined before and after drought stress. HA significantly promoted the growth of millet seedlings under drought stress. Pretreatment with 100 mg L-1 or 200 mg L-1 HA significantly increased free proline, soluble protein, and activity of the antioxidant enzyme system (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) in both Zhangza 10 and Jingu 21. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species ([Formula: see text] and H2O2) was reduced in HA treatments compared with that of the control (P < .05). Moreover, HA (100 mg L-1) significantly increased net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, effective quantum yield of photosystem II, relative photosynthetic electron transfer rate of photosystem II, and photochemical quenching. HA also reduced intercellular CO2 concentration and non-photochemical quenching. Furthermore, 200 mg L-1 HA significantly increased the maximum P700, effective quantum yield of photosystem I, and relative photosynthetic electron transfer rate of photosystem I in Zhangza 10 and decreased non-photochemical energy dissipation in Jingu 21 and Zhangza 10 under drought stress. HA promoted the growth of millet seedlings under drought stress by promoting the osmotic adjustment ability and antioxidant capacity of seedlings and increased photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Mei-jun Guo
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu-guo Wang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiang-yang Yuan
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Yin-yuan Wen
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Xi-e Song
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Shu-qi Dong
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Ping-yi Guo
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
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Pellenz L, Borba FH, Daroit DJ, Lassen MFM, Baroni S, Zorzo CF, Guimarães RE, Espinoza-Quiñones FR, Seibert D. Landfill leachate treatment by a boron-doped diamond-based photo-electro-Fenton system integrated with biological oxidation: A toxicity, genotoxicity and by products assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 264:110473. [PMID: 32250900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A photo-electro-Fenton (PEF) reactor employing boron-doped diamond (BDD) and soft iron anodes was studied in landfill leachate (LL) treatment. The reactor operation parameters (ROP) H2O2 concentration, current intensity and flow rate were investigated in the removal of Abs 254 nm. The PEF process with BDD anode, operating at the best operational conditions, was used as a pre-treatment and enabled biological oxidation (BO). The treatment strategy of PEF followed by BO showed to be the most efficient, reaching reductions of 77.9% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 71.5% total carbon (TC) and 76.3% radiation absorbance in 254 nm (Abs 254 nm), as well as a significant reduction in the genotoxicity (Allium cepa), observed by an increase in the mitotic index (MI) (131.5%) and decrease in the abnormalities (47.8%). The reduction of the toxic potential of LL using the integration of processes was also observed in the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) byproducts analysis, which indicated the removal of emerging contaminants, such as Bisphenol-A (BPA), N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) and Diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP). Thus, the PEF process integrated with BO presented a considerable efficiency in the removal of contaminants present in LL, becoming an alternative for the minimization of the environmental impacts caused by the discharge of this effluent in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Pellenz
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, 97900-000, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Henrique Borba
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, 97900-000, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Joner Daroit
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, 97900-000, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Manoel Francisco Mendes Lassen
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, 97900-000, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Suzymeire Baroni
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, 97900-000, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Fernanda Zorzo
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, 97900-000, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Raíssa Engroff Guimarães
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, 97900-000, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rodolfo Espinoza-Quiñones
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, West Paraná State University, Rua da Faculdade 645, Jd. Santa Maria, 85903-000, Toledo, PR, Brazil
| | - Daiana Seibert
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringa, UEM, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringa, Parana, CEP: 87020-900, Brazil
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Liu X, Novak JT, He Z. Synergistically coupling membrane electrochemical reactor with Fenton process to enhance landfill leachate treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125954. [PMID: 32069725 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate is challenging to treat due to its complex composition. Advanced oxidation processes such as Fenton process can be effective to treat leachate. Herein, a previously developed membrane electrochemical reactor (MER) was coupled with Fenton oxidation through providing synergistic benefits with the low solution pH, reduced organics, and ammonia removal/recovery. This two-stage coupled system reduced the leachate COD by 88%, much higher than that from the standalone Fenton process treating raw leachate. In addition, the usage of chemical reagents has been greatly reduced. At a dimensionless oxidant dose of 1.0, the coupled MER-Fenton system reduced the consumption of both FeSO4⋅7H2O and H2O2 by 39%, H2SO4 by 100%, and NaOH by 55%. Consequently, the sludge production was reduced by 51% in weight and 12% in volume. Despite electricity consumption by the MER, the coupled system cost $4.76 per m3 leachate less than the standalone Fenton treatment. More notably, direct Fenton oxidation removed only 21% of ammonia; in comparison the MER-Fenton system removed ammonia by 98% with the possibility for recovery at a rate of 30.6-55.2 kg N m-3 reactor d-1. Those results demonstrate that coupling MER with Fenton process could mitigate some inherent drawbacks of Fenton oxidation such as ineffective ammonia removal, high acid and chemical reagents dose requirements, and a large amount of sludge generation. This system may be moved towards practical applications by addressing a few challenges such as using renewable energy to power MER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - John T Novak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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Iskander SM, Novak JT, He Z. Reduction of reagent requirements and sludge generation in Fenton's oxidation of landfill leachate by synergistically incorporating forward osmosis and humic acid recovery. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 151:310-317. [PMID: 30616043 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Applications of Fenton's oxidation of landfill leachate is limited by both high reagent requirements and a large amount of sludge generation. To address those issues, forward osmosis (FO) and humic acid (HA) recovery were incorporated with Fenton's treatment. In the FO, leachate was concentrated by 3.2 times in 10 hours using a 5-M NaCl draw solution. The HA recovery increased from 1.86 to 2.45 g L-1 at pH 2 after FO concentration, mainly because of the replacement of O in the HA structure by other inorganics (i.e., Cl, Na, K) with higher molecular weights. Due to the movement of alkalinity causing species (i.e., HCO3-, CO32-) to the draw side driven by a concentration gradient, the H2SO4 requirement per g of recovered HA and per g of removed COD decreased by 46.4% and 17.1%, respectively. The HA recovery also decreased sludge generation by 30%. At a dimensionless oxidant dose of 0.5, the proposed system reduced the overall requirement of H2SO4 by 25.2%, NaOH by 34.6%, and both FeSO4.7H2O and H2O2 by 35%, compared to the standalone Fenton's treatment of raw leachate. Those results have demonstrated that the proposed system could greatly decrease the leachate volume, lower the reagent requirements, and reduce the sludge production towards sustainable leachate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeed Md Iskander
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - John T Novak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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Li X, Zhang W, Xie D, Wang X, Ye W, Liang W. Electrochemical treatment of humic acid using particle electrodes ensembled by ordered mesoporous carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:20071-20083. [PMID: 29748796 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to degrade the macromolecular pollutant of humic acid, the powder ordered mesoporous carbon (POMC, average pore diameter 4.29 nm) was first applied for preparing the granular OMC (GOMC, Φ × H = 4 × 3-6 mm) as electrodes in a continuous three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical system. The POMC was synthesized by hard-templating method and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size distribution, N2 adsorption/desorption technology, and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR). The effects of electrochemical degradation parameters, such as current and hydraulic retention time (HRT), were investigated, and the degradation mechanism of HA was explored as well. The results indicated that the degradation efficiency of HA, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC) reached 95.3, 86.2, and 62.7%, respectively, under initial HA of 100 mg/L, current of 0.2 A, and HRT of 130 min. The detection of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) showed that plenty of ˙OH was generated on GOMC electrodes, which made the 3D system more effective than the conventional two-dimensional (2D) system. The cyclic voltammetry curves indicated that the reactions of HA on the OMC materials surface included both direct oxidation and direct reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Xie
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjian Ye
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Liang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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