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Datta RR, Papry RI, Asakura Y, Kato Y, Hong WK, Mashio AS, Hasegawa H. Effect of salinity on arsenic uptake, biotransformation, and time-dependent speciation pattern by Sargassum species. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142712. [PMID: 38942244 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The arsenic (As) content of seaweed has been extensively studied due to its toxicological concerns. As a primary producer, seaweed plays a vital role in the biochemical cycling of As in marine environments. Several studies have focused on the growth and behavior of seaweed under a salinity gradient; however, information related to the impact of salinity on As uptake, biotransformation mechanism, and time-dependent speciation patterns of these plants is limited. This study aimed to investigate the temporal effects of salinity on these factors in seaweed. Three seaweed species, Sargassum fusiforme, Sargassum thunbergii, and Sargassum horneri, were maintained in a 1% Provasoli-enriched seawater medium for 14 d under 5‰, 15‰, 25‰, and 34‰ salinities. The results revealed that the high salinity media promoted a rapid uptake of As by all three species. Arsenic accumulation inside the cell approached 100% within seven days of culture for S. thunbergii, irrespective of the salinity content of the media. In addition, As(V) biotransformation and release by S. fusiforme and S. thunbergii were time-dependent, while S. horneri released dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) from day 3 of the culture. All seaweed species showed methylation of As(V) to DMAA during the culture period. Furthermore, S. thunbergii released DMAA when As(V) was completely depleted from the culture media, whereas the release by S. fusiforme and S. horneri was relatively earlier than that of S. thunbergii. S. horneri showed minimal tolerance to low salinity, as the cells revealed significant damage. Based on the results of this study, a conceptual model was developed that demonstrated the effects of salinity on As uptake and the biotransformation mechanism of seaweed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Rani Datta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Rimana Islam Papry
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan; Department of Environmental Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Sector 10, Uttara, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Yusuke Asakura
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kato
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Wong Kuo Hong
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Asami Suzuki Mashio
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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Sim R, Weyer M, Pétursdóttir ÁH. Inorganic arsenic in seaweed: a fast HPLC-ICP-MS method without coelution of arsenosugars. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3033-3044. [PMID: 38520589 PMCID: PMC11045606 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Seaweed is becoming increasingly popular in the Western diet as consumers opt for more sustainable food sources. However, seaweed is known to accumulate high levels of arsenic-which may be in the form of carcinogenic inorganic arsenic (iAs). Here we propose a fast method for the routine measurement of iAs in seaweed using HPLC-ICP-MS without coelution of arsenosugars that may complicate quantification. The developed method was optimised using design of experiments (DOE) and tested on a range of reference materials including TORT-3 (0.36 ± 0.03 mg kg-1), DORM-5 (0.02 ± 0.003 mg kg-1), and DOLT-5 (0.07 ± 0.007 mg kg-1). The use of nitric acid in the extraction solution allowed for the successful removal of interferences from arsenosugars by causing degradation to an unretained arsenosugar species, and a recovery of 99 ± 9% was obtained for iAs in Hijiki 7405-b when compared with the certified value. The method was found to be suitable for high-throughput analysis of iAs in a range of food and feed matrices including Asparagopsis taxiformis seaweed, grass silage, and insect proteins, and offers a cost-effective, fast, and robust option for routine analysis that requires minimal sample preparation. The method may be limited with regards to the quantification of dimethylarsenate (DMA) in seaweed, as the acidic extraction may lead to overestimation of this analyte by causing degradation of lipid species that are typically more abundant in seaweed than other marine matrices (i.e. arsenophospholipids). However, the concentrations of DMA quantified using this method may provide a better estimation with regard to exposure after ingestion and subsequent digestion of seaweed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Sim
- Public Health and Food Safety, Matís, Vínlandsleið 12, 113, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Marta Weyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen, Scotland.
| | - Ásta H Pétursdóttir
- Public Health and Food Safety, Matís, Vínlandsleið 12, 113, Reykjavík, Iceland
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Obluchinskaya ED, Pozharitskaya ON, Gorshenina EV, Daurtseva AV, Flisyuk EV, Generalova YE, Terninko II, Shikov AN. Ascophyllum nodosum (Linnaeus) Le Jolis from Arctic: Its Biochemical Composition, Antiradical Potential, and Human Health Risk. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:48. [PMID: 38276650 PMCID: PMC10820375 DOI: 10.3390/md22010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ascophyllum nodosum is a brown seaweed common in Arctic tidal waters. We have collected A. nodosum samples from the Barents Sea (BS), Irminger Sea (IS), and Norwegian Sea (NS) in different reproductive stages and have evaluated their biochemical composition, radical scavenging potential, and health risks. The total content of dominating carbohydrates (fucoidan, mannitol, alginate, and laminaran) ranged from 347 mg/g DW in NS to 528 mg/g DW in BS. The proportion of two main structural monosaccharides of fucoidan (fucose and xylose) differed significantly between the seas and reproductive phase, reaching a maximum at the fertile phase in the BS sample. Polyphenols and flavonoids totals were highest in NS A. nodosum samples and increased on average in the following order: BS < IS < NS. A positive correlation of free radical scavenging activity for seaweed extracts with polyphenols content was observed. The concentration of elements in A. nodosum from the Arctic seas region was in the following order: Ca > Mg > Sr > Fe > Al > Zn > As total > Rb > Mn > Ba > Cu > Co. Seaweeds from BS had the lowest metal pollution index (MPI) of 38.4. A. nodosum from IS had the highest MPI of 83. According to the calculated target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) values, Arctic A. nodosum samples pose no carcinogenic risk to adult and child health and are safe for regular consumption. Our results suggest that the Arctic A. nodosum has a remarkable potential for food and pharmaceutical industries as an underestimated source of polysaccharides, polyphenols, and flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI RAS), 17 Vladimirskaya Str., 183038 Murmansk, Russia; (O.N.P.); (E.V.G.); (A.V.D.); (A.N.S.)
| | - Olga N. Pozharitskaya
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI RAS), 17 Vladimirskaya Str., 183038 Murmansk, Russia; (O.N.P.); (E.V.G.); (A.V.D.); (A.N.S.)
| | - Elena V. Gorshenina
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI RAS), 17 Vladimirskaya Str., 183038 Murmansk, Russia; (O.N.P.); (E.V.G.); (A.V.D.); (A.N.S.)
| | - Anna V. Daurtseva
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI RAS), 17 Vladimirskaya Str., 183038 Murmansk, Russia; (O.N.P.); (E.V.G.); (A.V.D.); (A.N.S.)
| | - Elena V. Flisyuk
- Department of Technology of Pharmaceutical Formulations, St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, 14 Prof. Popov Str., 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Yuliya E. Generalova
- Core Shared Research Facilities “Analytical Center”, St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, 14 Prof. Popov Str., 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.E.G.)
| | - Inna I. Terninko
- Core Shared Research Facilities “Analytical Center”, St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, 14 Prof. Popov Str., 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.E.G.)
| | - Alexander N. Shikov
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI RAS), 17 Vladimirskaya Str., 183038 Murmansk, Russia; (O.N.P.); (E.V.G.); (A.V.D.); (A.N.S.)
- Department of Technology of Pharmaceutical Formulations, St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, 14 Prof. Popov Str., 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
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Shaughnessy BK, Jackson BP, Byrnes JEK. Evidence of elevated heavy metals concentrations in wild and farmed sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) in New England. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17644. [PMID: 37848595 PMCID: PMC10582040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweed farming in the United States is gaining significant financial and political support due to prospects to sustainably expand domestic economies with environmentally friendly products. Several networks are seeking appropriate synthesis of available science to both inform policy and substantiate the sector's sustainability claims. Significant knowledge gaps remain regarding seaweed-specific food hazards and their mitigation; a resource-intensive challenge that can inhibit sustainable policies. This is particularly concerning for rapidly expanding Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp) crops, a brown seaweed that is known to accumulate heavy metals linked to food hazards. Here, we present baseline information about concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury, in both wild and farmed sugar kelp from the New England region. We interpret our findings based on proximity to potential sources of contamination, location on blade, and available heavy metals standards. Contrary to our expectations, high concentrations were widespread in both wild and farmed populations, regardless of proximity to contamination. We find, like others, that cadmium and arsenic consistently reach levels of regulatory concern, and that dried seaweeds could harbor higher concentrations compared to raw products. We also share unique findings that suggest some toxins concentrate at the base of kelp blades. Our results are one step towards aggregating vital data for the region to expand its seaweed farming footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna K Shaughnessy
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, 02125, USA.
| | - Brian P Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, 19 Fayerweather Hill Road, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Jarrett E K Byrnes
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, 02125, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, 02125, USA
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Gomez-Delgado AI, Tibon J, Silva MS, Lundebye AK, Agüera A, Rasinger JD, Strohmeier T, Sele V. Seasonal variations in mercury, cadmium, lead and arsenic species in Norwegian blue mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) - Assessing the influence of biological and environmental factors. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 76:127110. [PMID: 36495851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) can accumulate undesirable substances, including the potentially toxic elements (PTEs) cadmium (Cd), mercury, (Hg), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and As species. In this study, the levels of PTEs and As species were determined in samples of blue mussels to assess the influence of environmental and biological factors, and evaluate the potential risk associated with blue mussels in terms of food and feed safety. METHODOLOGY Blue mussels were collected monthly from one location in Western Norway from February 2018 to December 2018, and from April 2019 to April 2020. Samples were analyzed for PTEs using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to ICP-MS. Temperature, salinity and fluorescence (chlorophyll a) were monitored in the seawater column by STD/CTD, to assess the potential influence of these environmental factors on the PTE levels in the mussels. RESULTS The results showed seasonal variations in the PTEs, with somewhat higher concentrations in spring and winter months. Unusually high levels of total As (101.2 mg kg-1 dw) and inorganic As (53.6 mg kg-1 dw) were observed for some of the time points. The organic As species arsenobetaine was generally the major As species (17-82% of total As) in the mussels, but also simple methylated As species and arsenosugars were detected. Principal components analysis (PCA) did not show a consistent relationship between the environmental factors and the PTE concentrations, showing contrary results for some elements for the periods studied. The condition index (CI) could explain variations in element concentration with significant correlations for Cd (r = -0.67, p = 0.009) and Pb (r = -0.62, p = 0.02 in 2019/20 and r = -0.52, p = 0.02 in 2018), whereas the correlation between As and CI was not significant (r = 0.12 in 2018, and r = -0.06 in 2019/20). Higher concentrations of iAs and arsenosugars coincided with increased signals of chlorophyll a, suggesting that phytoplankton blooms could be a source of As in the blue mussels. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study of As species in blue mussels collected over a time period of two years, providing an insight into the natural variations of these chemical forms in mussels. In terms of mussel as food and future feed material, concentrations of Cd, Hg and Pb were below the maximum levels (MLs) established in the EU food and feed legislation. However, levels of As and iAs in mussels at some time points exceeded the MLs for As in the feed legislation, and the margin of exposure (MOE) was low if these mussels were for human consumption, highlighting the importance of determining the chemical forms of As in feed and food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jojo Tibon
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marta S Silva
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Antonio Agüera
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Tore Strohmeier
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Veronika Sele
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway.
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da Silva Junior EC, Babaahmadifooladi M, Folens K, dos Reis AR, Guilherme LRG, Van de Wiele T, Jacxsens L, Du Laing G. Content, speciation and in vitro bioaccessibility of trace elements in seaweeds and derived food products. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Huang Z, Bi R, Musil S, Pétursdóttir ÁH, Luo B, Zhao P, Tan X, Jia Y. Arsenic species and their health risks in edible seaweeds collected along the Chinese coastline. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157429. [PMID: 35863575 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Edible seaweeds with a relatively high total arsenic concentration have been a global concern. As the largest seaweed producer, China contributes about 60 % of the global seaweed production. The present study investigated 20 seaweed species collected from representative seaweed farming sites in the six provinces along the Chinese coastline, of which Saccharina japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Neopyropia spp., Gracilaria spp., Sargassum fusiforme were listed as the most consumed seaweeds in Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The inorganic arsenic (iAs) concentration in most of the seaweeds was below maximum limits (0.3 mg iAs/kg) as seaweed additives for infant food in the National Food Safety Standard of Pollutants in China (GB2762-2017, 2017), except for the species Sargassum, in which the iAs concentration significantly exceeded the limit and ranged from 15.1 to 83.7 mg/kg. Arsenic speciation in 4 cultivated seaweeds grown in both temperate and subtropical zones is reported for the first time. No significant differences in total As and iAs concentration were identified, except slightly higher total As concentration were found in Saccharina japonica growing in the temperate zone. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of toxic iAs via seaweed consumption was generally below the EFSA CONTAM Panel benchmark dose lower confidence limit (0.3 μg/kg bw/day) except for all Sargassum species where the EDI was significantly higher than 0.3 μg/kg bw/day. Moreover, the first-ever reported data on As speciation indicated very high iAs concentrations in Sargassum hemiphyllum and Sargassum henslowianum. To minimize the food chain iAs exposure, reducing both human intake of Sargassum spp. and the used of Sargassum spp. for animal feed is highly recommended. CAPSULE: This study showed that edible seaweed Sargassum spp. consumption may pose a health risk related to inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure. The risk of iAs exposure via seaweed consumption or livestock is a concern that needs to be monitored. The arsenic accumulation and speciation may be predominantly species-dependent rather than environmental-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangxun Huang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ran Bi
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China.
| | - Stanislav Musil
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Bicheng Luo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Puhui Zhao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xi Tan
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yongfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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Threshold values on environmental chemical contaminants in seafood in the European Economic Area. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lorenc W, Hanć A, Sajnóg A, Barałkiewicz D. LC/ICP-MS AND COMPLEMENTARY TECHNIQUES IN BESPOKE AND NONTARGETED SPECIATION ANALYSIS OF ELEMENTS IN FOOD SAMPLES. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:32-50. [PMID: 32997814 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemical elements speciation analysis of food samples has been among the most important scientific topics over the last decades. Food samples are comprised of high variety of chemical compounds, from which many can interact with metals and metalloids, forming complex elemental species with various influence on the human body. It is particularly important not only to determine the amount of certain chemical element in food sample but also to identify the form in which given element occurs in given sample. Employment of bespoke and nontargeted speciation methods, with the use of liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC/ICP-MS) and complementary techniques, provides more complete picture on the metals and metalloids speciation in food. This review discusses issues concerning speciation analysis of metals and metalloids in food samples with the use of LC/ICP-MS as a leading technique in elemental speciation nowadays and a complimentary technique intended for their identification. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktor Lorenc
- Department of Trace Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, 8 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego Street, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
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Reboredo FH, Junior W, Pessoa MF, Lidon FC, Ramalho JC, Leitão RG, Silva MM, Alvarenga N, Guerra M. Elemental Composition of Algae-Based Supplements by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2041. [PMID: 34685850 PMCID: PMC8541454 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the elemental composition of fifteen algae-based supplements commonly sold in the Portuguese market, by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Despite the fact that the majority of Kelp samples were a good source of iodine, the levels observed might well contribute to an excess in the human body, which can cause dysfunction of the thyroid gland. Furthermore, the presence of lead in Sea spaghetti, Arame, Hijiki and Wakame caused a considerable risk to public health vis a vis possible ingestion of a high daily dose. Regarding arsenic, great variability was observed in all the samples with concentrations equal to or above 60 μg/g in the case of Arame, KelpJ and Hijiki. Although algae mainly accumulate organic arsenic, some also contain high levels of its inorganic form, as is commonly pointed out for Hijiki. Thus, regular ingestion of these supplements must also take into account the mentioned facts. There is no doubt that these supplements are also good sources of other nutrients, but the lack of accurate regulations and control should alert consumers to avoid indiscriminate use of these types of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando H. Reboredo
- GeoBioTec, Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (W.J.); (M.F.P.); (F.C.L.); (J.C.R.)
| | - Walter Junior
- GeoBioTec, Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (W.J.); (M.F.P.); (F.C.L.); (J.C.R.)
| | - Maria F. Pessoa
- GeoBioTec, Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (W.J.); (M.F.P.); (F.C.L.); (J.C.R.)
| | - Fernando C. Lidon
- GeoBioTec, Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (W.J.); (M.F.P.); (F.C.L.); (J.C.R.)
| | - José C. Ramalho
- GeoBioTec, Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (W.J.); (M.F.P.); (F.C.L.); (J.C.R.)
- Plant Stress & Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Quinta do Marquês, Av. República, 2784-505 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Roberta G. Leitão
- LIBPHYS-UNL, Physics Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | | | - Nuno Alvarenga
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., UTI—Unidade de Tecnologia e Inovação, Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Mauro Guerra
- LIBPHYS-UNL, Physics Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
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Effect of Dietary Seaweed Supplementation in Cows on Milk Macrominerals, Trace Elements and Heavy Metal Concentrations. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071526. [PMID: 34359396 PMCID: PMC8307245 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of seaweed supplementation in dairy cow diets on milk yield, basic composition, and mineral concentrations. Thirty-seven Icelandic cows were split into three diet treatments: control (CON, no seaweed), low seaweed (LSW, 0.75% concentrate dry matter (DM), 13–40 g/cow/day), and high seaweed (HSW, 1.5% concentrate DM, 26–158 g/cow/day). Cows were fed the same basal diet of grass silage and concentrate for a week, and then were introduced to the assigned experimental diets for 6 weeks. The seaweed mix of 91% Ascophyllum nodosum: 9% Laminaria digitata (DM basis), feed, and milk samples were collected weekly. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed effects model, with diet, week, and their interaction as fixed factors, cow ID as random factor, and the pre-treatment week data as a covariate. When compared with CON milk, LSW and HSW milk had, respectively, less Se (−1.4 and −3.1 μg/kg milk) and more I (+744 and +1649 μg/kg milk), while HSW milk also had less Cu (−11.6 μg/kg milk) and more As (+0.17 μg/kg milk) than CON milk. The minimal changes or concentrations in milk for Se, Cu, and As cannot be associated with any effects on consumer nutrition, but care should be taken when I-rich seaweed is fed to cows to avoid excessive animal I supply and milk I concentrations.
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Sustainable exploitation of macroalgae species from Chilean coast: Characterization and food applications. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Noriega-Fernández E, Sone I, Astráin-Redín L, Prabhu L, Sivertsvik M, Álvarez I, Cebrián G. Innovative Ultrasound-Assisted Approaches towards Reduction of Heavy Metals and Iodine in Macroalgal Biomass. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030649. [PMID: 33808536 PMCID: PMC8003320 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of ultrasound (US), alone or in combination with mild heating and/or EDTA towards reduction of As, Cd, I, and Hg content of Laminaria hyperborea. Concentrations of As, Cd, I, and Hg of 56.29, 0.596, 7340, and <0.01 mg kg−1 of dry weight, respectively, were found in L. hyperborea blades. Treatment with US at 50 °C increased approx. 2-fold the amount of As released, although did not affect significantly the content of Cd or I, as compared to control (no US) samples. Reducing the temperature to 8 °C significantly decreased the effect of US, but heating at 80 °C did not cause a significant effect as compared to treatments at 50 °C. On the other hand, treatment with 0.1 N EDTA at 50 °C enhanced the percentage of Cd released by approximately 7-fold, regardless of sonication. In the present work, the combination of US and EDTA at 50 °C for 5 min led to a significant reduction of the As (32%), Cd (52%) and I (31%) content in L. hyperborea, thus improving the product’s safety for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Noriega-Fernández
- Department of Processing Technology, Nofima, NO-4021 Stavanger, Norway; (I.S.); (L.P.); (M.S.)
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-47706088
| | - Izumi Sone
- Department of Processing Technology, Nofima, NO-4021 Stavanger, Norway; (I.S.); (L.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Leire Astráin-Redín
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2—(Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.A.-R.); (I.Á.); (G.C.)
| | - Leena Prabhu
- Department of Processing Technology, Nofima, NO-4021 Stavanger, Norway; (I.S.); (L.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Morten Sivertsvik
- Department of Processing Technology, Nofima, NO-4021 Stavanger, Norway; (I.S.); (L.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Ignacio Álvarez
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2—(Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.A.-R.); (I.Á.); (G.C.)
| | - Guillermo Cebrián
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2—(Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.A.-R.); (I.Á.); (G.C.)
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Kreissig KJ, Hansen LT, Jensen PE, Wegeberg S, Geertz-Hansen O, Sloth JJ. Characterisation and chemometric evaluation of 17 elements in ten seaweed species from Greenland. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243672. [PMID: 33556100 PMCID: PMC7869976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several Greenland seaweed species have potential as foods or food ingredients, both for local consumption and export. However, knowledge regarding their content of beneficial and deleterious elements on a species specific and geographical basis is lacking. This study investigated the content of 17 elements (As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Se and Zn) in 77 samples of ten species (Agarum clathratum, Alaria esculenta, Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus distichus, Fucus vesiculosus, Hedophyllum nigripes, Laminaria solidungula, Palmaria palmata, Saccharina latissima and Saccharina longicruris). Element profiles differed between species but showed similar patterns within the same family. For five species, different thallus parts were investigated separately, and showed different element profiles. A geographic origin comparison of Fucus species indicated regional differences. The seaweeds investigated were especially good sources of macrominerals (K > Na > Ca > Mg) and trace minerals, such as Fe. Iodine contents were high, especially in macroalgae of the family Laminariaceae. None of the samples exceeded the EU maximum levels for Cd, Hg or Pb, but some exceeded the stricter French regulations, especially for Cd and I. In conclusion, these ten species are promising food items.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Susse Wegeberg
- DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy / Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Jens J. Sloth
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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15
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Zhu X, Zhang Z, Hinds LM, Sun DW, Tiwari BK. Applications of ultrasound to enhance fluidized bed drying of Ascophyllum Nodosum: Drying kinetics and product quality assessment. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 70:105298. [PMID: 32769045 PMCID: PMC7786526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ultrasound either as a pretreatment technique or as an integrated technique was employed to enhance fluidized bed drying of Ascophyllum nodosum, and drying kinetics and dried product quality were assessed. In order to compare technology efficiency and dried product qualities, oven drying and fluidized bed drying (FBD) were employed. The novel drying methods included airborne ultrasound-assisted fluidized bed drying (AUA), ultrasound pre-treatment followed by FBD (USP), and hot water blanching pre-treatment followed byFBD (HWB). Six drying kinetics models were used to describe the drying curves, among which the Page model was the best in fitting USP and AUA. Model by Millidi et al. was employed to describe HWB. Airborne ultrasound in AUA did not reduce energy consumption or drying time, but retained total phenolic content (TPC) as well as colour, and exhibited the highest yield among the novel drying methods. USP and HWB showed lower energy consumption and drying time considerably, but the TPC was the lowest among the studied methods. At the same time, USP dried product exhibited the lowest aw, followed by HWB and then AUA. This studyalso demonstrated that FBD could be a very practical drying method on Irish brown seaweed, and ultrasound-assisted drying methods may have potential developments in Irish brown seaweed drying process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglu Zhu
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland; Food Refrigeration and Computerised Food Technology (FRCFT), School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Zhihang Zhang
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura M Hinds
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland; Food Refrigeration and Computerised Food Technology (FRCFT), School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- Food Refrigeration and Computerised Food Technology (FRCFT), School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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16
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Luvonga C, Rimmer CA, Yu LL, Lee SB. Determination of total arsenic and hydrophilic arsenic species in seafood. J Food Compost Anal 2020; 96. [PMID: 34092915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Marine organisms are vital sources of staple and functional food but are also the major dietary route of human exposure to total arsenic. We surveyed the total arsenic content and the mass fractions of hydrophilic arsenic species from five different marine food types cutting across the food chain from microalgae, macroalgae, bivalve clam, crustaceans and finfish. Total arsenic was determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) while arsenic speciation analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to ICP-MS as the detector. The total arsenic contents ranged from 133 ± 11 ng/g to 26,630 ± 520 ng/g. The mass fractions of inorganic arsenic (iAs), arsenobetaine (AsB), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and the four commonly occurring arsenosugars (AsSugars) are reported. Extractable hydrophilic arsenic species accounted for 10 % (aquacultured shrimp) to 95 % (kelp) of the total arsenic. DMA was established to be a byproduct of the decomposition of AsSugars in acid extracts of samples known to contain these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Luvonga
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Catherine A Rimmer
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Lee L Yu
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Sang Bok Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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17
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Camurati JR, Salomone VN. Arsenic in edible macroalgae: an integrated approach. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2019; 23:1-12. [PMID: 31578125 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2019.1672364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a metalloid naturally present in marine environments. Various toxic elements including arsenic (As) are bioaccumulated by macroalgae. This metalloid is subsequently incorporated as arsenate into the organism due to similarity to phosphate. In recent decades, the use of macroalgae in food has increased as a result of their numerous benefits; however, As consumption may exert potential consequences for human health. The objective of this review was to discuss the articles published up to 2019 on As in seaweed, including key topics such as speciation, toxicity of the most common species in marine macroalgae, and their effects on human health. Further, this review will emphasize the extraction methods and analysis techniques most frequently used in seaweed and the need to develop certified reference materials (CRMs) in order to support the validation of analytical methodologies for As speciation in macroalgae. Finally, this review will discuss current legislation in relation to the risk associated with consumption. The number of articles found and the different approaches, biological, analytical and toxicological, show the growing interest there has been in this field in the last few years. In addition, this review reveals aspects of As chemistry that need further study, such as transformation of organic metalloid species during digestion and cooking, which necessitates analytical improvement and toxicological experiments. Taken together our findings may contribute to revision of current legislation on As content in edible seaweed relating to human health in a growing market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta R Camurati
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (IIIA), CONICET-UNSAM, Campus Miguelete, BA, Argentina
| | - Vanesa N Salomone
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (IIIA), CONICET-UNSAM, Campus Miguelete, BA, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
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18
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Ownsworth E, Selby D, Ottley CJ, Unsworth E, Raab A, Feldmann J, Sproson AD, Kuroda J, Faidutti C, Bücker P. Tracing the natural and anthropogenic influence on the trace elemental chemistry of estuarine macroalgae and the implications for human consumption. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 685:259-272. [PMID: 31176213 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgae (seaweed) has been shown to be an effective environmental indicator. We investigate the trace element chemistry of macroalgae samples from locations along the Firth of Forth and Forth Estuary in Scotland. The overall trend in elemental abundance (Os ≪ Re < Ag < U < Cd < Co < Ni < Pb < Cu < As < Zn ≪ I), and changes along the estuary (seawards: increase As, I, Cd, U, Re, Os; decrease Pb, Cu; mid-estuary peak Zn; based on certain species), are controlled by a number of factors, including: salinity, mixing and macroalgal species differences. Within the same macroalgal species, some elemental abundances (As, I, Pb, Cu, Cd and U) are affected by mixing between freshwater riverine and North Sea marine saltwater. Additional mixing of natural and anthropogenic inputs from the surrounding geology and industry are also observed, affecting Zn, Ni, Co, Re and Os. Macroalgae is also an increasingly popular food, with some species harvested in the Firth of Forth. Iodine (67-5061 ppm), lead (0.047-4.1 ppm) and cadmium (0.006-0.93 ppm) macroalgal abundances are at safe levels for human consumption (WHO limits). However, many samples exceed the American (3 ppm) and Australian (1 ppm) limits for inorganic arsenic in macroalgae, with values ranging 0-67 ppm. In most of the samples, soaking and cooking the macroalgae reduced the inorganic arsenic content to within the American and Australian limits. However, this has further implications if the macroalgae is used to cook soups (e.g., Dashi), as the leached elements become a significant component of the soup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ownsworth
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, England DH1 3LE, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - David Selby
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, England DH1 3LE, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430074, China
| | - Christopher J Ottley
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, England DH1 3LE, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Emily Unsworth
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, England DH1 3LE, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Andrea Raab
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB24 3UE, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Joerg Feldmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB24 3UE, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Adam D Sproson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, England DH1 3LE, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa 275-8564, Japan
| | - Junichiro Kuroda
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa 275-8564, Japan
| | - Camilla Faidutti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB24 3UE, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Patrick Bücker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB24 3UE, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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19
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Pétursdóttir ÁH, Blagden J, Gunnarsson K, Raab A, Stengel DB, Feldmann J, Gunnlaugsdóttir H. Arsenolipids are not uniformly distributed within two brown macroalgal species Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:4973-4985. [PMID: 31152227 PMCID: PMC6611760 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Brown macroalgae Saccharina latissima (30-40 individuals) and Alaria esculenta (15-20 individuals) were collected from natural populations in winter in Iceland. The algal thalli were sectioned into different parts (e.g. holdfast, stipe, old frond, young frond and sori-containing frond sections) that differed in age and biological function. The work elucidated that arsenic (As) was not uniformly distributed within the two brown macroalgal species, with lower levels of total As were found in the stipe/midrib compared to other thallus parts. The arsenosugars mirrored the total arsenic in the seaweed mainly due to AsSugSO3 being the most abundant As species. However, arsenic speciation using parallel HPLC-ICP-MS/ESI-MS elucidated that the arsenic-containing lipids (AsL) had a different distribution where the arsenosugarphospholipids (AsPL) differed by approximately a factor of 4 between the sections containing the lowest and highest concentrations of AsPLs. When placing the sections in order of metabolic activity and an estimate of tissue age, there appeared to be a relationship between the activity and AsPLs, with lower levels of AsPLs in oldest parts. This is the first time such a relationship has been shown for AsLs. Hence, by applying sophisticated analytical techniques, it was possible to gain a deeper understanding of arsenolipids in seaweed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Blagden
- Matís, Research and Innovation, Vínlandsleið 12, 113, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory Aberdeen, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Karl Gunnarsson
- Marine & Freshwater Research Institute, Skúlagata 4, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Andrea Raab
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory Aberdeen, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Dagmar B Stengel
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, and, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jörg Feldmann
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory Aberdeen, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK.
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20
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Biancarosa I, Sele V, Belghit I, Ørnsrud R, Lock EJ, Amlund H. Replacing fish meal with insect meal in the diet of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) does not impact the amount of contaminants in the feed and it lowers accumulation of arsenic in the fillet. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1191-1205. [PMID: 31161892 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1619938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Insects are promising sources of protein and lipid in feeds for farmed animals. In the European Union, the use of insect meal (IM) and insect oil is permitted in fish feed. However, the European Food Safety Authority has highlighted the lack of data regarding the chemical safety of insects and products thereof. In this study, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed diets in which fish meal (FM) was partially or fully substituted with IM, resulting in four diets with an FM replacement of 0%, 33%, 66% and 100% by IM. The IM was produced from Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae fed media containing 60% seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum). After 16 weeks of feeding, fish fillet samples were collected. The concentrations of undesirable substances, e.g., heavy metals, arsenic, dioxins, mycotoxins, pesticides, in the IM, the diets and fillets were determined. The concentrations of the analysed compounds in the IM were all below EU maximum levels for feed ingredients, except for arsenic. However, for complete feeds the concentrations of these compounds in the feeds, including arsenic, were all below EU MLs. Arsenic was transferred from seaweed to IM, resulting in arsenic levels in IM similar to what has been documented for FM. Transfer of arsenic from feed to fillet was observed; however, total arsenic concentrations in the fillet significantly decreased when fish were fed diets with more IM and less FM. Arsenic speciation analysis of the diets showed that although total arsenic levels were similar, the arsenic species were different. Arsenobetaine was the major organoarsenic species in the diets containing FM, while in diets containing IM several unidentified arsenic species were detected. The results suggest that the lower feed-to-fillet transfer of arsenic when FM is replaced by IM may be due to the presence of arsenic species with low bioavailability in the IM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Biancarosa
- a Department of Requirement and Welfare, Institute of Marine Research , Bergen , Norway.,b Department of Biology, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Veronika Sele
- a Department of Requirement and Welfare, Institute of Marine Research , Bergen , Norway
| | - Ikram Belghit
- a Department of Requirement and Welfare, Institute of Marine Research , Bergen , Norway
| | - Robin Ørnsrud
- a Department of Requirement and Welfare, Institute of Marine Research , Bergen , Norway
| | - Erik-Jan Lock
- a Department of Requirement and Welfare, Institute of Marine Research , Bergen , Norway
| | - Heidi Amlund
- c Department of Nano-Bio Science, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
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21
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Kim JK, Kraemer G, Yarish C. Evaluation of the metal content of farm grown Gracilaria tikvahiae and Saccharina latissima from Long Island Sound and New York Estuaries. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Mamun MAA, Rahman IMM, Datta RR, Kosugi C, Mashio AS, Maki T, Hasegawa H. Arsenic speciation and biotransformation by the marine macroalga Undaria pinnatifida in seawater: A culture medium study. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 222:705-713. [PMID: 30738313 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater and marine organisms are capable of metabolizing arsenic (As) efficiently and regulating the As biogeochemical cycles. In this study, Undaria pinnatifida was exposed to As(V) (0, 0.1, and 1 μM) and phosphate (P; 1 and 10 μM) in seawater under laboratory-controlled conditions for up to seven days to analyze As biotransformation. The growth rates and chlorophyll fluorescence of the alga were unaffected by As stress, and statistically insignificant differences were observed among the cultures (p > 0.05). As(V) was readily accumulated by this macroalga through phosphate transporters, transformed intracellularly, and excreted into the medium, depending on the As(V) to P molar ratios. The concentration of As(V) and biotransformed species As(III) and DMAA(V) varied significantly in the algal cultures on the basis of the exposure period (p < 0.05). The concentration of As(III) was initially higher but decreased with the incubation period, whereas the concentration of DMAA(V) increased gradually. At the end of the incubation, 0.04 and 0.32 μM DMAA(V) were recorded in the media containing 0.1 and 1 μM As(V) with a constant 1.0 μM P, respectively. The results also indicated that the cellular uptake of As(V) and subsequent release of DMAA(V) were inhibited by P in the medium. The biotransformation was consistent with the As(V) detoxification mechanism based on reduction and methylation, which was enhanced by the lower As(V) to P molar ratios. These findings can be helpful in understanding the contribution of macroalgae to As biogeochemistry in marine environments and the potential risks of As dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abdullah Al Mamun
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; Department of Soil Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh.
| | - Ismail M M Rahman
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan.
| | - Rakhi Rani Datta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Chika Kosugi
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corporation, 20-1 Shintomi, Futtsu City, Chiba 293-8511, Japan
| | - Asami S Mashio
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Teruya Maki
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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23
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Abstract
Recent interest in seaweeds as a source of macronutrients, micronutrients, and bioactive components has highlighted prospective applications within the functional food and nutraceutical industries, with impetus toward the alleviation of risk factors associated with noncommunicable diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. This narrative review summarizes the nutritional composition of edible seaweeds; evaluates the evidence regarding the health benefits of whole seaweeds, extracted bioactive components, and seaweed-based food products in humans; and assesses the potential adverse effects of edible seaweeds, including those related to ingestion of excess iodine and arsenic. If the potential functional food and nutraceutical applications of seaweeds are to be realized, more evidence from human intervention studies is needed to evaluate the nutritional benefits of seaweeds and the efficacy of their purported bioactive components. Mechanistic evidence, in particular, is imperative to substantiate health claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cherry
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pamela J Magee
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Emeir M McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Allsopp
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
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24
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Zou H, Zhou C, Li Y, Yang X, Wen J, Hu X, Sun C. Occurrence, toxicity, and speciation analysis of arsenic in edible mushrooms. Food Chem 2019; 281:269-284. [PMID: 30658757 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the strong concentration and biotransformation of arsenic, the influence of some edible mushrooms on human health has attracted widespread attention. The toxicity of arsenic greatly depends on its species, so the speciation analysis of arsenic is of critical importance. The aim of the present review is to highlight recent advances in arsenic speciation analysis in edible mushrooms. We summarized the contents and distribution of arsenic species in some edible mushrooms, the methods of sample preparation, and the techniques for their identification and quantification. Stability of the arsenic species during sample pretreatment and storage is also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimin Zou
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610047, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Sichuan, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaosong Yang
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610047, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610047, China
| | - Xiaoke Hu
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610047, China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Sichuan, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Roleda MY, Marfaing H, Desnica N, Jónsdóttir R, Skjermo J, Rebours C, Nitschke U. Variations in polyphenol and heavy metal contents of wild-harvested and cultivated seaweed bulk biomass: Health risk assessment and implication for food applications. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Mac Monagail M, Morrison L. Arsenic speciation in a variety of seaweeds and associated food products. ARSENIC SPECIATION IN ALGAE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Selective and fast screening method for inorganic arsenic in seaweed using hydride generation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HG-ICPMS). Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Marschner K, Pétursdóttir ÁH, Bücker P, Raab A, Feldmann J, Mester Z, Matoušek T, Musil S. Validation and inter-laboratory study of selective hydride generation for fast screening of inorganic arsenic in seafood. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1049:20-28. [PMID: 30612652 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is advisable to monitor and regulate inorganic arsenic (iAs) in food and feedstuff. This work describes an update and validation of a method of selective hydride generation (HG) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for high-throughput screening of iAs content in seafood samples after microwave-assisted extraction with diluted nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. High concentration of HCl (8 M) for HG along with hydrogen peroxide in samples of a same concentration as used for extraction leads to a selective conversion of iAs to volatile arsine that is released and transported to the detector. A minor contribution from methylarsonate (≈20% to iAs) was found, while HG from dimethylarsinate, trimethylarsine oxide is substantially suppressed (less than 1% to iAs). Methodology was applied to Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) TORT-3, DORM-3, DORM-4, DOLT-4, DOLT-5, PRON-1, SQID-1 and ERM-CE278k, in some of them iAs has been determined for the first time, and to various seaweed samples from a local store. The results were always compared with a reference method and selectivity of iAs determination was evaluated. An inter-laboratory reproducibility was tested by comparative analyses of six fish and four seaweed samples in three European laboratories, with good agreement of the results. The method of HG-ICP-MS is sensitive (limit of detection 2 μg kg-1 iAs), well suited for screening of large number of samples and selective at iAs concentration levels at which maximum limits are expected to be set into EU legislation for marine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Marschner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Patrick Bücker
- TESLA-Trace Element Speciation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK
| | - Andrea Raab
- TESLA-Trace Element Speciation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK
| | - Jörg Feldmann
- TESLA-Trace Element Speciation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK
| | - Zoltán Mester
- National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Tomáš Matoušek
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Musil
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Marschner K, Musil S, Mikšík I, Dědina J. Investigation of hydride generation from arsenosugars - Is it feasible for speciation analysis? Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1008:8-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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