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Zhang T, Zhu J, Wang Q, Xie M, Meng K, Mao L, Yang L, Pan T, Gao M, Yao G, Lin Y. Flexible Antibacterial Respiratory Monitoring Sensor Based on Controllable Au-Modified Surface of Highly {001} Preferred Anatase Titanium Dioxide Thin Film. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1722-1733. [PMID: 38373308 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory signals are critical clinical diagnostic criteria for respiratory diseases and health conditions, and respiratory sensors play a crucial role in achieving the desired respiratory monitoring effect. High sensitivity to a single factor can improve the reliability of respiratory monitoring, and maintaining the hygiene of the sensors is also important for daily health monitoring. Herein, we propose a flexible Au-modified anatase titanium dioxide resistive respiratory sensor, which can be mechanically compliantly attached to curved surfaces for respiratory monitoring in different modalities (i.e., respiratory intensity, frequency, and rate). The uniform and preferentially oriented anatase titanium dioxide films gained by the polymer-assisted deposition technique can be fabricated on flexible substrates through a liquid-assisted transferring process. The Au modification can enhance surface plasmon resonance to facilitate the photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide, and the optimized distribution of Au on the surface of titanium dioxide film made the sensor have an excellent antibacterial effect. The uniquely designed encapsulation can effectively control the contact between the surface of titanium dioxide films and electrodes, allowing the flexible sensor to exhibit fast response time (0.71 s) and recovery time (1.06 s) to respiratory as well as insensitivity or low sensitivity to other factors (i.e., gas composition, humidity, temperature, stress, and strain). This work provided an effective strategy for flexible wearable respiratory sensors and has great potential in daily respiratory monitoring for health management and pandemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyao Zhang
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Maowen Xie
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Ke Meng
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Longbiao Mao
- Department of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Taisong Pan
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Min Gao
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Guang Yao
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Medico-Engineering Cooperation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronics Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Medico-Engineering Cooperation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronics Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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2
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Preethi, Shanmugavel SP, Kumar G, N YK, M G, J RB. Recent progress in mineralization of emerging contaminants by advanced oxidation process: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122842. [PMID: 37940020 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants are chemicals generated due to the usage of pesticide, endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products and are liberated into the environment in trace quantities. The emerging contaminants eventually become a greater menace to living beings owing to their wide range and inhibitory action. To diminish these emerging contaminants from the environment, an Advanced Oxidation Process was considered as an efficient option. The Advanced Oxidation Process is an efficient method for mineralizing fractional or generous contaminants due to the generation of reactive species. The primary aim of this review paper is to provide a thorough knowledge on different Advanced Oxidation Process methods and to assess their mineralization efficacy of emerging contaminants. This study indicates the need for an integrated process for enhancing the treatment efficiency and overcoming the drawbacks of the individual Advanced Oxidation Process. Further, its application concerning technical and economic aspects is reviewed. Until now, most of the studies have been based on lab or pilot scale and do not represent the actual scenario of the emerging contaminant mineralization. Thus, the scaling up of the process was discussed, and the major challenges in large scale implementation were pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi
- Department of Physics, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India
| | - Surya Prakash Shanmugavel
- Department of Solid Waste Management and Health, Greater Chennai Corporation, Tamil Nadu, 600 003, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Box 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger, Norway; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yogalakshmi K N
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Gunasekaran M
- Department of Physics, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India
| | - Rajesh Banu J
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, 610005, India.
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3
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Lin K, Afzal S, Xu L, Ding T, Li F, Zhang M. Heterogeneous photo-Fenton degradation of acid orange 7 activated by red mud biochar under visible light irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121454. [PMID: 36997142 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous photo-Fenton process is an effective technology for degrading organic contaminants in wastewater, and Fe-based catalysts are recently preferred due to their low biotoxicity and geological abundance. Herein, we synthesized a Fe-containing red mud biochar (RMBC) via one-step co-pyrolysis of red mud and shaddock peel as a photo-Fenton catalyst to activate H2O2 and degrade an azo dye (acid orange 7, AO7). RMBC showed excellent AO7 removal capability with a decolorization efficiency of nearly 100% and a mineralization efficiency of 87% in the heterogeneous photo-Fenton process with visible light irradiation, which were kept stable in five successive reuses. RMBC provided Fe2+ for H2O2 activation, and the light irradiation facilitated the redox cycle of Fe2+/Fe3+ in the system to produce more reactive oxygen species (ROS, i.e., •OH) for AO7 degradation. Further investigation revealed that •OH was the predominant ROS responsible for AO7 degradation in the light-free condition, while more ROS were produced in the system with light irradiation, and 1O2 was the primary ROS in the photo-Fenton process for AO7 removal, followed by •OH and O2•-. This study provides insight into the interfacial mechanisms of RMBC as a photo-Fenton catalyst for treating non-degradable organic contaminants in water through advanced oxidation processes under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shahzad Afzal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liheng Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Environment Science and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Photocatalytic hydrogen production, dye degradation, and antimicrobial disinfection by Ag-Fe co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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5
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Mishra S, Chakinala N, Chakinala AG, Surolia PK. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using monometallic and bimetallic Bi-Fe doped TiO2. CATAL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2022.106518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Preda S, Pandele-Cușu J, Petrescu SV, Ciobanu EM, Petcu G, Culiță DC, Apostol NG, Costescu RM, Raut I, Constantin M, Predoană L. Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Properties of Doped TiO2 Nanopowders Synthesized by Sol−Gel Method. Gels 2022; 8:gels8100673. [PMID: 36286174 PMCID: PMC9601293 DOI: 10.3390/gels8100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For environmental applications, nanosized TiO2-based materials are known as the most important photocatalyst and are intensively studied for their advantages such as their higher activity, lower price, and chemical and photoresist properties. Zn or Cu doped TiO2 nanoparticles with anatase crystalline structure were synthesized by sol−gel process. Titanium (IV) butoxide was used as a TiO2 precursor, with parental alcohol as a solvent, and a hydrolysing agent (ammonia-containing water) was added to obtain a solution with pH 10. The gels were characterized by TG/DTA analysis, SEM, and XPS. Based on TG/DTA results, the temperature of 500 °C was chosen for processing the powders in air. The structure of the samples thermally treated at 500 °C was analysed by XRD and the patterns show crystallization in a single phase of TiO2 (anatase). The surface of the samples and the oxidation states was investigated by XPS, confirming the presence of Ti, O, Zn and Cu. The antibacterial activity of the nanoparticle powder samples was verified using the gram−positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The photocatalytic efficiency of the doped TiO2 nanopowders for degradation of methyl orange (MO) is here examined in order to evaluate the potential applications of these materials for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviu Preda
- Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu” of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independenței, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jeanina Pandele-Cușu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu” of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independenței, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Viorica Petrescu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu” of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independenței, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Mădălina Ciobanu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu” of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independenței, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Petcu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu” of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independenței, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela C. Culiță
- Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu” of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independenței, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicoleta G. Apostol
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomiștilor 405A, 077125 Măgurele, Romania
| | - Ruxandra M. Costescu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomiștilor 405A, 077125 Măgurele, Romania
| | - Iuliana Raut
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry & Petrochemistry−ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independenței, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Constantin
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry & Petrochemistry−ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independenței, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 16 Gh. Sincai, 040441 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luminița Predoană
- Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu” of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independenței, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +4-021-318-85-95
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7
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Synthesis and Application of Innovative and Environmentally Friendly Photocatalysts: A Review. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12101074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern society faces two major challenges: removing pollutants from water and producing energy from renewable sources. To do this, science proposes innovative, low-cost, and environmentally friendly methods. The heterogeneous photocatalysis process fits perfectly in this scenario. In fact, with photocatalysis, it is possible both to mineralize contaminants that are not easily biodegradable and to produce hydrogen from the water splitting reaction or from the conversion of organic substances present in water. However, the main challenge in the field of heterogeneous photocatalysis is to produce low-cost and efficient photocatalysts active under visible light or sunlight. The objective of this review is to compare the new proposals for the synthesis of innovative photocatalysts that reflect the requirements of green chemistry, applied both in the removal of organic contaminants and in hydrogen production. From this comparison, we want to bring out the strengths and weaknesses of the proposals in the literature, but above all, new ideas to improve the efficiency of heterogeneous photocatalysis guaranteeing the principles of environmental and economic sustainability.
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Zhou S, Bai J, Huang K, Ye X, Peng Y, Lei M. Consideration of Photoactivity of TiO 2 Pigments via the Photodegration of Methyl Orange under UV Irradiation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6044. [PMID: 36079424 PMCID: PMC9457480 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing a rapid and reliable method for measuring the photoreactivity of TiO2 pigments is of great importance for industrial application. The photoactivity of industrial TiO2 pigments were evaluated via the photodegradation of a model azo dye, methyl orange (MO), in the present work. The TiO2 pigments were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The photoactivity test results showed that the anatase TiO2 pigment was responsible for accelerating MO degradation, while the rutile pigment acted as a stabilizer, and effective UV absorber retarded the photodegradation of MO. It was found that the photodegradation of MO was driven mainly by photoholes (h+) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH), in the presence of TiO2 pigment with high photoactivity. With the help of the degradation intermediates during the photodegradation process and the calculated data, the preliminary degradation mechanism including azo bond cleaving, h+ oxidation, and hydroxylated products' generation for MO was also elucidated. The photoactivity of TiO2 pigments can be rapidly evaluated in this work, which would be an efficient approach for assessing the product quality control and the end-use performance of TiO2 pigments.
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9
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Ravikumar S, Mani D, Rizwan Khan M, Ahmad N, Gajalakshmi P, Surya C, Durairaj S, Pandiyan V, Ahn YH. Effect of silver incorporation on the photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Red 120 using ZnS nanoparticles under UV and solar light irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112819. [PMID: 35085559 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the Ag modified ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized via the hydrothermal method, and used for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes. Various analytical techniques were utilized to characterize the prepared ZnS and Ag incorporated ZnS nanoparticles. The vibrational and structural properties of the prepared nanoparticles were analyzed by FT-IR and XRD, which confirm the modification of Ag in the ZnS. The broadening of the hydroxyl group after incorporation of Ag in ZnS was observed in the FT-IR spectra. The additional (111), (200), and (220) planes in XRD of Ag-ZnS belong to the silver. The increased absorbance in the entire visible region facilitates the ZnS/Ag photocatalytic performance under direct sunlight. ZnS/Ag nanoparticles showed excellent photocatalytic activity toward degradation of RR 120, DB 15, and AB 1. The ZnS/Ag catalyst efficiently degrades the RR 120 under sunlight with higher pseudo-first order kinetic k = 0.0179 min-1 than the other dyes. The reusability study exhibited ZnS/Ag has highly stable and degraded more than 80% of RR 120 under sunlight irradiation after 4th cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ravikumar
- Department of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Puthanampatti, 621007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Durai Mani
- Environmental Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Geongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Rizwan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naushad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - P Gajalakshmi
- PG and Research, Department of Microbiology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Arts and Science for Women (Autonomous), Perambalur, 621 212, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Surya
- Department of Biochemistry, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Arts and Science for Women (Autonomous), Perambalur, 621 212, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivaraj Durairaj
- Sri Siva Subramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - V Pandiyan
- Department of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Puthanampatti, 621007, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Environmental Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Geongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Ellouzi I, El Hajjaji S, Harir M, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Robert D, Laânab L. Synthesis of new C,N,S,Fe-multidoping nanoparticles with potential photochemical response. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2022.2065292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imane Ellouzi
- Laboratory of Spectroscopy, Molecular Modeling, Materials, Nanomaterials, Water and Environment, CERNE2D, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Souad El Hajjaji
- Laboratory of Spectroscopy, Molecular Modeling, Materials, Nanomaterials, Water and Environment, CERNE2D, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mourad Harir
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair Analyt Food Chem, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair Analyt Food Chem, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Didier Robert
- Institut de Chimie et Procedes pour l'Energie, L'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), CNRS-UMR7515-University of Strasbourg, Saint-Avold Antenna, Université de Lorraine, Saint-Avold, France
| | - Larbi Laânab
- Laboratory of Conception and Systems, Faculty of Sciences, Rabat, Morocco
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Comparison of two cationic chitosan-based flocculants prepared by photocatalysis and photoinitiation systems: Synthesis mechanism, structure and performance in water treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Characterization of Co2+- and Fe3+-Codoped TiO2 Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants under Visible Light Irradiation. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/9193052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, TiO2 nanomaterials were prepared using a solvothermal method and codoped with Co2+ and Fe3+ ions for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants under visible light. The physicochemical properties of the obtained materials were studied by powder X-ray diffraction, field emission electron scanning microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption isotherms. Optical absorption was characterized by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activities of the prepared materials were evaluated through methylene blue (MB) degradation under visible light irradiation. Results showed the excellent performance of MB degradation investigated on TiO2 samples codoped with Co2+ and Fe3+ in comparison with undoped and Co2+-doped TiO2 samples. The codoped TiO2 samples degraded 85%–90% of MB after 120 min, whereas all the prepared TiO2 samples were composed of pure anatase phase and had a spherical-like shape and mean crystalline size ranging from 6.2 nm to 7.8 determined by Scherrer’s equation. The optical absorption of the TiO2 codoped with Co2+ and Fe3+ was significantly enhanced toward the visible light region. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model fits well for the degradation of MB on as-prepared TiO2 codoped with Co2+ and Fe3+.
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Mancuso A, Sacco O, Vaiano V, Bonelli B, Esposito S, Freyria FS, Blangetti N, Sannino D. Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic Activity and Kinetics of Fe-Doped TiO 2 Prepared by a Three-Block Copolymer Templating Approach. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3105. [PMID: 34198890 PMCID: PMC8201317 DOI: 10.3390/ma14113105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fe-doped titania photocatalysts (with 1, 2.5, and 3.5 wt. % Fe nominal content), showing photocatalytic activity under visible light, were prepared by a soft-template assisted sol-gel approach in the presence of the triblock copolymer Pluronic P123. An undoped TiO2 photocatalyst was also prepared for comparison. The photocatalysts were characterized by means of X-ray powder Diffraction (XRPD), Quantitative Phase Analysis as obtained by Rietveld refinement, Diffuse Reflectance (DR) UV-Vis spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption at -196 °C, electrophoretic mobility in water (ζ-potential), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The physico-chemical characterization showed that all the samples were 100% anatase phase and that iron was present both in the bulk and at the surface of the Fe-doped TiO2. Indeed, the band gap energy (Eg) decreases with the Fe content, with Tauc's plot determined values ranging from 3.35 (undoped TiO2) to 2.70 eV (3.5 wt. % Fe). Notwithstanding the obtained Eg values, the photocatalytic activity results under visible light highlighted that the optimal Fe content was equal to 2.5 wt. % (Tauc's plot determined Eg = 2.74 eV). With the optimized photocatalyst and in selected operating conditions, under visible light it was possible to achieve 90% AO7 discoloration together with a TOC removal of 40% after 180 min. The kinetic behavior of the photocatalyst was also analyzed. Moreover, the tests in the presence of three different scavengers revealed that the main reactive species are (positive) holes and superoxide species. Finally, the optimized photocatalyst was also able to degrade phenol under visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Mancuso
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.M.); (V.V.)
| | - Olga Sacco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vaiano
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.M.); (V.V.)
| | - Barbara Bonelli
- Unit of Torino Politecnico, Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTM, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (B.B.); (S.E.); (F.S.F.); (N.B.)
| | - Serena Esposito
- Unit of Torino Politecnico, Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTM, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (B.B.); (S.E.); (F.S.F.); (N.B.)
| | - Francesca Stefania Freyria
- Unit of Torino Politecnico, Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTM, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (B.B.); (S.E.); (F.S.F.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicola Blangetti
- Unit of Torino Politecnico, Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTM, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (B.B.); (S.E.); (F.S.F.); (N.B.)
| | - Diana Sannino
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.M.); (V.V.)
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