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Ducrocq T, Merel S, Miège C. Review on analytical methods and occurrence of organic contaminants in continental water sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 365:143275. [PMID: 39277038 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Various industries produce a myriad of synthetic molecules used to satisfy our needs, but all these molecules are likely to reach aquatic environments. The number of organic contaminants found in rivers and lakes continues to rise, and part of this contamination gets transferred into sediments. Analytical methods to detect problematic substances in the environment often use mass spectrometry coupled with chromatography. Here we reviewed a set of 163 articles and compiled the relevant information into a comprehensive database for analysing organic contaminants in continental sediments including suspended particulate matter and surface and bottom sediments in lakes, rivers and estuaries. We found 1204 compounds detected at least once in sediments, and classified them into 11 categories, i.e. hydrocarbons, flame retardants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), plasticizers, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), organochlorines (OCP) and other pesticides, pharmaceuticals, hormones, personal care products (PCP), and other contaminants. Concentrations of these compounds varied from a few ng to several mg/kg of dry sediment. Even hydrophilic compounds were detected in high concentrations. Well-known hydrophobic and persistent contaminants tend to be analysed with mass spectrometry coupled to gas chromatography (GC-MS) whereas contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) are usually analysed with liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Suspect screening and non-target analysis (NTA), which use high-resolution mass spectrometry, are still scarcely used on sediment but hold promise for gaining deeper knowledge of organic contamination in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Ducrocq
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, 5 Rue de la Doua, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sylvain Merel
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, 5 Rue de la Doua, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Cécile Miège
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, 5 Rue de la Doua, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France.
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2
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Xu J, Wei J, Zhang J, Xing Z, Wang Z, Qu R. Effect of Dissolved Organic Matter on the Photodegradation of Decachlorobiphenyl (PCB-209) in Heterogeneous Systems: Experimental Analysis and Excited-State Theory Calculations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39088507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can affect the transformation of pollutants through photosensitization, but most current research focuses on hydrophilic pollutants, making it such that less attention is paid to hydrophobic pollutants. In this paper, the effect and action mechanism of coexisting DOM on the photodegradation of decachlorobiphenyl (PCB-209) on suspended particles collected from the Yellow River were systematically investigated in a heterogeneous system using DOM standards and model compounds. Through molecular probe experiments, mass spectrometry analysis and theoretical calculations, we found that the excited triplet state of DOM (3DOM*) could excite PCB-209 to undergo dechlorination reaction. Due to the different modes of electron transition, the presence of carbonyl groups decreased the energy of 3DOM*, whereas the electron-donating groups made the energy of 3DOM* higher. DOM containing phenolic hydroxyl groups led to a higher steady-state concentration of •OH, and DOM containing phenyl ketone structures had a stronger ability to produce •O2-. Compared with aqueous •OH, •O2- produced from hydrophobic microregions could react more readily with PCB-209. This study deepens the understanding of the role of different functional groups of DOM in the photosensitized transformation of hydrophobic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Junyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Xu J, Wei J, Guo R, Zhang S, Teng X, Wang Z, Qu R. Environmental transformation and hazards of decachlorobiphenyl on suspended particles under sunlight irradiation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134630. [PMID: 38762988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Decachlorobiphenyl (PCB-209) can be widely detected in suspended particles and sediments due to its large hydrophobicity, and some of its transformation products may potentially threaten organisms through the food chain. Here we investigate the photochemical transformation of PCB-209 on suspended particles from the Yellow River. It was found that the suspended particles had an obvious shielding effect to largely inhibit the photodegradation of PCB-209. Meanwhile, the presence of inorganic ions (e.g. Mg2+ and NO3-) and organic matters (e.g. humic acid, HA) in the Yellow River water inhibited the reaction. The main transformation products of PCB-209 were lower-chlorinated and hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs), and small amounts of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were also observed. The mechanisms of PCP formation by double •OH attacking carbon bridge and PCDFs formation by elimination reaction of ionic state OH-PCBs were proposed using theoretical calculations, which provided some new insights into the inter-transformations between persistent organic pollutants. In combination with VEGA and EPI Suite software, some intermediates such as PCDFs were more toxic to organisms than PCB-209. This study deepens the understanding of the transformation behavior of PCB-209 on suspended particles under sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Junyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ruixue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Iwegbue CMA, Oshenyen EV, Peretiemo-Clarke BO, Olisah C, Nwajei GE, Martincigh BS. Polybrominated diphenyl ether contamination in sediments from rivers in the western Niger Delta of Nigeria. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116040. [PMID: 38569301 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the concentrations of 39 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners in sediments from three rivers in the western Niger Delta of Nigeria that have been affected by pollution from urbanization and industrial activities. The Σ39 PBDE concentrations in sediments from these rivers ranged from 0.29 to 95.5, 5.15 to 121, and 0.73 to 66.1 ng g-1 for the Afiesere (AR), Edor (ER), and Okpare Rivers (OR), respectively. The homologue distribution patterns indicated the prominence of tetra- and penta-BDE congeners in sediments from these rivers. The ecological risk assessment results showed that the penta-BDEs were the primary source of risk to sediment-dwelling organisms in these rivers. However, the human health risk assessment indicated negligible risks for exposure of both adults and children to PBDEs in these sediments. The source apportionment suggests that the PBDE contamination in these river sediments was derived from long-distance migration, debromination of highly brominated congeners, and commercial penta-BDEs. These results reflect the use of penta-BDE formulations in this region rather than octa- and deca-BDE formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chijioke Olisah
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/753, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Godwin E Nwajei
- Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Bice S Martincigh
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Cheng R, Sun J, Liu ZT, Wu W, Song M, Lu YT, Hang TJ. Kelp as a biomonitor of persistent organic pollutants in coastal areas of China: Contamination levels and human health risk. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 272:116021. [PMID: 38295738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Kelp, the brown alga distributed in coastal areas all over the world, is also an important medicine food homology product in China. However, the levels and profiles of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in kelp have not been thoroughly investigated to date. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and emerging bromine flame retardants (eBFRs) were evaluated in 41 kelp samples from the main kelp producing areas in China. The concentrations of total PCBs, PBDEs and eBFRs were in the range of 0.321-4.24 ng/g dry weight (dw), 0.255-25.5 ng/g dw and 3.00 × 10-3-47.2 ng/g dw in kelp, respectively. The pollutant pattern was dominated by decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE, 13.0 ± 11.7 ng/g dw) followed in decreasing order by BDE-209 (2.74 ± 4.09 ng/g dw), CB-11 (1.32 ± 1.06 ng/g dw). The tested results showed that kelp could reflect the pollution status of PCBs, PBDEs and eBFRs, indicating the suitability of kelp as a biomonitor of these harmful substances. Finally, the data obtained was used to evaluate human non-cancer and cancer risks of PCBs and PBDEs via kelp consumption for Chinese. Though the calculated risk indices were considered acceptable according to the international standards even in the worst scenarios, the POPs levels in kelp should be monitored continuously as a good environmental indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 TongJia Xiang, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, 210019 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Tong Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 TongJia Xiang, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 TongJia Xiang, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Min Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 TongJia Xiang, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yu-Ting Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 TongJia Xiang, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tai-Jun Hang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 TongJia Xiang, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Xu L, Tang Y, Liu S, Chen X, Wang Y, Liu Z, Qin Q, Fu D, Xu Y. Short-chain fatty acids facilitated long-term dechlorination of PCBs in Taihu Lake sediment microcosms: Evidence from PCB congener and microbial community analyses. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139935. [PMID: 37619750 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Microbial reductive dechlorination hosts great promise as an in situ bioremediation strategy for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contamination. However, the slow dechlorination in sediments limits natural attenuation. Short-chain fatty acids, as preferred carbon sources and electron donors for dechlorinating microorganisms, might stimulate PCB dechlorination. Herein, two sets of short-chain fatty acids, sole acetate and a fatty acid mixture (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), were amended periodically into Taihu Lake (China) sediment microcosms containing nine PCB congeners (PCB5, 12, 64, 71, 105, 114, 149, 153, and 170) after 24 weeks of incubation. Short-chain fatty acids facilitated the long-term PCB dechlorination and the promoting effect of the fatty acid mixture compared favorably with that of sole acetate. By the end of 108 weeks, the total PCB mass concentrations in acetate amended and fatty acid mixture amended microcosms significantly declined by 7.6% and 10.3% compared with non-amended microcosms (P < 0.05), respectively. Short-chain fatty acids selectively favored the removal of flanked meta and single-flanked para chlorines. Notably, a rare ortho dechlorination pathway, PCB25 (24-3-CB) to PCB13 (3-4-CB), was enhanced. Supplementary fatty acids significantly increased reductive dehalogenases (RDase) gene pcbA5 instead of improving the growth of Dehalococcoides. These findings highlight the merits of low cost short-chain fatty acids on in situ biostimulation in treating PCBs contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yanqiang Tang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Sha Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Water Affairs Bureau of Nanjing Pukou District, Nanjing, 211899, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zheming Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Qingdong Qin
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Dafang Fu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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Khaled-Khodja S, Cheraitia H, Rouibah K, Ferkous H, Durand G, Cherif S, El-Hiti GA, Yadav KK, Erto A, Benguerba Y. Identification of the Contamination Sources by PCBs Using Multivariate Analyses: The Case Study of the Annaba Bay (Algeria) Basin. Molecules 2023; 28:6841. [PMID: 37836682 PMCID: PMC10574193 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), particularly the indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), were first quantified in water and sediments of two wadis, Boujemaâ and Seybouse, as well as in the effluents from a fertilizer and phytosanitary production industrial plant (Fertial). Since these contaminated discharges end in Annaba Bay (Algeria) in the Mediterranean Sea, with a significant level of contamination, all the potential sources should be identified. In this work, this task is conducted by a multivariate analysis. Liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods were applied to quantify seven PCB congeners, usually taken as indicators of contamination. The sum of the PCB concentrations in the sediments ranged from 1 to 6.4 μg/kg dw (dry weight) and up to 0.027 μg/L in waters. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used for the multivariate analysis, indicating that the main sources of PCB emissions in the bay are urban/domestic and agricultural/industrial. The outfalls that mostly contribute to the pollution of the gulf are the Boujemaâ wadi, followed by the Seybouse wadi, and finally by the Fertial cluster and more precisely the annex basin of the plant. Although referring to a specific site of local importance, the work aims to present a procedure and a methodological analysis that can be potentially applicable to further case studies all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumeya Khaled-Khodja
- Physical Chemistry of Materials Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Chadli Bendjedid University, BP 73, El Tarf 36000, Algeria;
| | - Hassen Cheraitia
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of exact sciences, Jijel University, BP 98, Ouled Aissa, Jijel 18000, Algeria;
| | - Karima Rouibah
- Laboratory of Materials: Elaborations-Properties-Applications LMEPA, Jijel University, BP 98, Ouled Aissa, Jijel 18000, Algeria;
| | - Hana Ferkous
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de 20 Août 1955 de Skikda, Skikda 21000, Algeria;
- Laboratoire de Génie Mécanique et Matériaux, Faculté de Technologie, Université de 20 Août 1955 de Skikda, Skikda 21000, Algeria
| | - Gaël Durand
- Public Laboratory Expertise and Analysis Consulting in Bretagne, C.S. 10052, 29280 Plouzané, France;
| | - Semia Cherif
- Materials and Environment Research Laboratory for Sustainable Development LR18ES10, ISSBAT, Tunis University El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia;
| | - Gamal A. El-Hiti
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal 462044, India;
- Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah 64001, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Alessandro Erto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università Di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Yacine Benguerba
- Laboratoire de Biopharmacie et Pharmaco Technie (LBPT), Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Ferhat ABBAS Setif-1 University, Setif 19000, Algeria;
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Košnář Z, Mercl F, Pierdonà L, Chane AD, Míchal P, Tlustoš P. Concentration of the main persistent organic pollutants in sewage sludge in relation to wastewater treatment plant parameters and sludge stabilisation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122060. [PMID: 37330192 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Concentration of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 7 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and 11 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sewage sludge from 40 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was investigated. Relationship between pollutant sludge contents, main WWTP parameters and type of sludge stabilisation was carefully evaluated. Average load of PAHs, PCBs, and OCPs in different sludges from Czech Republic was 3096, 95.7 and 76.1 μg/kg dry weight, respectively. There were moderate/strong correlations among the individual tested pollutants in sludge (r = 0.40-0.76). Relationship between total pollutant contents in sludge, common WWTP parameters and sludge stabilisation was not evident. Only individual pollutants such anthracene and PCB 52 correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with biochemical oxygen demand (r = -0.35) and chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies (r = -0.35), suggesting recalcitrance to degradation during wastewater treatment. When sorted according to the design capacity, a linear correlation between WWTP size and pollutant contents in sludge was evident with growing WWTP capacity. Our study indicated that WWTPs with anaerobic digestion are prone to accumulate a statistically higher content of PAHs and PCBs (P < 0.05) in digested sludges compared to aerobically digested ones. The influence of anaerobic digestion temperature of treated sludge on tested pollutants was not evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Košnář
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Filip Mercl
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Lorenzo Pierdonà
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Abraham Demelash Chane
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Míchal
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Tlustoš
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic
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Sim W, Nam A, Lee M, Oh JE. Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in surface sediments from river networks, South Korea: Spatial distribution, source identification, and ecological risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:94371-94385. [PMID: 37531057 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the nationwide monitoring of 65 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 23 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in surface sediments was conducted at 77 sites in river networks in South Korea. The concentrations of ∑PCBs were relatively high in industrial sites (0.0297-138 ng/g dry weight (dw); mean 15.1 ng/g dw; median 5.44 ng/g dw), followed by industrial and agricultural (not detected (ND)-15.2 ng/g dw; mean 1.23 ng/g dw; median 0.513 ng/g dw), other sites (0.0369-0.209 ng/g dw; mean 0.116 ng/g dw; median 0.101 ng/g dw), and agricultural (0.0119-0.359 ng/g dw; mean 0.117 ng/g dw; median 0.0476 ng/g dw). The distribution and composition of PCBs in sediments are affected by past use of commercial products, atmospheric deposition, wastewater effluents, and manufacturing processes. The concentrations of ∑OCPs in industrial sites ranged from 0.0587 to 8.70 ng/g dw (mean 1.85 ng/g dw; median 0.989 ng/g dw), followed by industrial and agricultural (ND-8.54 ng/g dw; mean 0.739 ng/g dw; median 0.343 ng/g dw), other sites (0.0247-0.143 ng/g dw; mean 0.0939 ng/g dw; median 0.114 ng/g dw), and agricultural (0.00838-0.931 ng/g dw; mean 0.232 ng/g dw; median 0.0752 ng/g dw). Hexachlorobenzene and pentachlorobenzene are unintentionally generated in industries and combustion processes. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes and chlordane were dominantly distributed by historical use, whereas recent inputs (i.e., long-range transport and atmospheric deposition) were related to aldrin, heptachlor, and hexachlorocyclohexanes. The ecological risks determined by the sediment quality guidelines and mean probable effect level quotients were acceptable, except at two sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjin Sim
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Aeji Nam
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Lee
- National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Ossai CJ, Iwegbue CMA, Tesi GO, Olisah C, Egobueze FE, Nwajei GE, Martincigh BS. Spatial characteristics, sources and exposure risk of polychlorinated biphenyls in dusts and soils from an urban environment in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163513. [PMID: 37061053 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated organic compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are a threat to both humans and the environment because of their toxicity, persistence, and capacity for long-range atmospheric transport. The concentrations of 28 PCB congeners, including 12 dioxin-like and seven indicator PCBs, were investigated in soils, and indoor and outdoor dusts from Port Harcourt city, Nigeria, in order to evaluate the characteristic distribution patterns in these media, their sources, and possible risk. The PCB concentrations varied from 4.59 to 116 ng g-1 for soils, and from 1.80 to 23.0 ng g-1 and 2.73 to 57.4 ng g-1 for indoor and outdoor dusts respectively. The sequence of PCB concentrations in these matrices was soil > outdoor dust > indoor dust. The composition of PCBs in these matrices indicated the prevalence of lower chlorinated PCBs in indoor and outdoor dusts, while the higher chlorinated congeners were dominant in soils. Di-PCBs were the predominant homologues in indoor dusts, while deca-PCBs were the most prevalent homologues in outdoor dusts and soils. The TEQ values of dioxin-like PCBs in 60 % of the soils, 100 % of the indoor dust, and 30 % of the outdoor dust were above the indicative value of 4 pg TEQ g-1 established by the Canadian authority. The hazard index (HI) values for exposure of adults and children to PCBs in these media were mostly greater than one, while the total cancer risk (TCR) values exceeded the acceptable risk value of 10-6, which indicate probable non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks resulting from exposure to PCBs in these media. Source analysis for PCBs in these matrices shows that they originated from diverse sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinedu J Ossai
- Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
| | | | - Godswill O Tesi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
| | - Chijioke Olisah
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | | | - Godwin E Nwajei
- Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Bice S Martincigh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
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11
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Afolabi OL, Iwegbue CMA, Obi G, Tesi GO, Nwajei GE, Martincigh BS. Polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans in imported canned fish in Nigeria and risk assessment. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2023; 16:32-41. [PMID: 36268849 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2022.2120543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) were measured in imported canned fish such as mackerel, sardine and tuna to evaluate the risk relating to human consumption of these products. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to evaluate the concentrations of PCBs and PCDD/Fs in the samples. The ∑28 PCB concentrations in the canned mackerel, tuna and sardine ranged from 0.33 to 9.48 ng g -1, <LOQ to 8.8 ng g-1 and <LOQ to 15.1 ng g-1, respectively, while the ∑14 PCDD/Fs concentrations varied from 0.06 to 4.70 ng g-1 for mackerel, 0.72 to 9.43 ng g-1 for tuna and not detected to 22.0 ng g -1 for sardines. Health risk analysis suggests that ingestion of these samples could lead to adverse non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks over a lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obehi L Afolabi
- Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | | | - Grace Obi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria
| | - Godswill O Tesi
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Nigeria
| | - Godwin E Nwajei
- Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Bice S Martincigh
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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12
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Falandysz J, Loganathan B, Nakano T. Novel approaches and trends in the analytics of halogenated POPs. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133308. [PMID: 34919916 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Medical University of Lodz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, 1 Muszyńskiego Street, 90-151, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Bommanna Loganathan
- Murray State University, Department of Chemistry and Watershed Studies Institute, Murray, KY, 42071, USA.
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Osaka University, Research Center for Environmental Preservation, 2-4 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
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