1
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Li H, Zhen F, Zhang Q, Song Y, Zhang L, Qu B. Preparation of porous lignocellulose biochar adsorbent by cold isostatic pressing pretreatment and study on Hg (II) adsorption properties of C and N dual activity sites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133479. [PMID: 38945340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing corn straw (CS) mainly composed of lignocellulose to prepare physically modified biochar (PCSB) via cold isostatic pressing (CIP) in order to increase the biochar' s Hg (II) adsorption capacity. The results of the characterization indicated that CIP pretreatment renders PCSB-400' s structure more porous and higher N content of 16.65 %, leading to more N-containing functional groups partaking in the adsorption process. PCSB-400 adsorbed Hg (II) primarily via C/N synergistic complexation and electrostatic attraction between pores, in addition to the presence of redox reactions of surface functional groups on PCSB-400. The adsorption experiment reveals that PCSB-400 has a high selectivity for the adsorption of Hg (II). The adsorption process of Hg (II) by PCSB-400 more closely resembles the Langmuir model and pseudo-first-order adsorption kinetics equation. The adsorption quantity at saturation is 282.52 mg/g at 25 °C. This paper provided an effective idea to selectively remove Hg (II) in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Li
- College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Feng Zhen
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Quanguo Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Huanghe Science and Technology University, Zhengzhou 450006, China; Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, MOA of China, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yu Song
- College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bin Qu
- College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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2
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Seesuea C, Sangtawesin T, Thangsunan P, Wechakorn K. Facile Green Gamma Irradiation of Water Hyacinth Derived-Fluorescent Carbon Dots Functionalized Thiol Moiety for Metal Ion Detection. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:1761-1773. [PMID: 37615896 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent sensor-based carbon dots (CDs) have significantly developed for sensing metal ions because of their great physical and optical properties, including tunable fluorescence emission, high fluorescence quantum yield, high sensitivity, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility. In this research, a green synthetic approach via simple gamma irradiation for the carbon dot synthesis from water hyacinth was developed since water hyacinth has been classified as an invasive aquatic plant containing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The thiol moiety (SH) was further functionalized on the surface functional groups of CDs as the "turn-off" fluorescent sensor for metal ion detection. Fluorescence emission displayed a red shift from 451 to 548 nm when excited between 240 and 500 nm. The quantum yield of CDs-SH was elucidated to be 13%, with strong blue fluorescence emission under ultraviolet irridiation (365 nm), high photostability and no photobleaching. The limit of detection was determined at micromolar levels for Hg2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+. CDs-SH could be a real-time monitoring sensor for Hg2+ and Cu2+ as fluorescence quenching was observed within 2 min. Furthermore, paper test-strip based CDs-SH could be applied to detect these metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuleekron Seesuea
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | - Tanagorn Sangtawesin
- Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Nakorn Nayok, 26120, Thailand
| | - Pattanapong Thangsunan
- Division of Biochemistry and Biochemical Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Kanokorn Wechakorn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand.
- Advanced Photochemical and Electrochemical Materials Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand.
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3
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Huangmee K, Hsu LC, Tzou YM, Cho YL, Liao CH, Teah HY, Liu YT. Thiol-functionalized black carbon as effective and economical materials for Cr(VI) removal: Simultaneous sorption and reduction. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 360:121074. [PMID: 38754188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Hazardous Cr(VI) continues to pose critical concerns for environmental and public health, demanding the development of effective remediation methods. In this study, thiol-functionalized black carbon (S-BC) was proposed for Cr(VI) removal by mixing thioglycolic acid (TGA) with black carbon (BC) derived from rice straw residue at 80 °C for 8 h. Using a 1:40 (g mL-1) BC-to-TGA ratio, the resulting S-BC40 sample demonstrated significantly enhanced Cr(VI) sorption capacities of 201.23, 145.78, and 106.60 mg g-1 at pH 3.5, 5.5, and 7.5, surpassing its BC counterpart by 2.0, 2.3, and 2.2 times. Additionally, S-BC40 converted all sorbed Cr into Cr(III) species at pH ≥ 5.5, resulting in an equal distribution of Cr(OH)3 and organic Cr(III) complexes. However, approximately 13% of Cr sorbed on BC remained as Cr(VI) at pH 3.5 and 7.5. Both C-centered and S-centered thiyl radicals might contribute to Cr(VI) reduction; however, sufficient C-S groups replenished via thiol-functionalization was the key for the complete Cr(VI) reduction on S-BC samples as pH ≥ 5.5. Thanks to the exceptional Cr(VI) sorption capacity, affordability, and accessibility, thiol-functionalization stands out as a promising modification method for BC. It presents a distinct opportunity to concurrently achieve the objectives of efficient Cr(VI) remediation and waste recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamonchanok Huangmee
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Ching Hsu
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Tzou
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan; Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lin Cho
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Liao
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Heng Yi Teah
- Presidential Endowed Chair for Platinum Society, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yu-Ting Liu
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan; Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
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4
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Li D, Wang Y, Deng W, Wang D. Efficient and selective capture of various mercury species from water using an exfoliated thiocellulose. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:171063. [PMID: 38373452 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The primary challenge in mercury (Hg) adsorbents for large-scale practical applications is to achieve the balance between performance and economy. This work attempts to address this issue by synthesizing an exfoliated thiocellulose (CU-SH) with high thiol density and hierarchical porosity using in-situ ligands grafting combined with chemical stripping. The prepared CU-SH shows remarkable physical stability and chemical resistance, and the micron sized fiber is conducive to separation from water. Hg(II) adsorption tests in water demonstrate that CU-SH has broad working pH range (1-12), fast kinetics (0.64 g/(mg‧min)), high adsorption capacity (652.9 mg/g), outstanding selectivity (Kd = 6.2 × 106 mg/L), and excellent reusability (R > 95 % after 20 cycles). Importantly, CU-SH exhibits good resistance to various coexisting ions and organic matter, and can efficiently remove Hg(II) from different real water. CU-SH can be made into a Point of Use (POU) device for continuous and efficient removal of Hg(II) from drinking water. 0.1 g CU-SH filled device can purify 3.2 L of Hg(II) (0.5 ppm) contaminated tap water before the breakthrough point of 2 ppb. Moreover, CU-SH also reveals good adsorption affinity for Hg-dissolved organic matter complexes (Hg(II)-DOM) in water, chloro(phenyl)mercury (PMC) in organic media and Hg0 vapor in air, suggesting the great practical potential of CU-SH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daikun Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yongmin Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wanying Deng
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dingyong Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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5
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Chaubey A, Pratap T, Preetiva B, Patel M, Singsit JS, Pittman CU, Mohan D. Definitive Review of Nanobiochar. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:12331-12379. [PMID: 38524436 PMCID: PMC10955718 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Nanobiochar is an advanced nanosized biochar with enhanced properties and wide applicability for a variety of modern-day applications. Nanobiochar can be developed easily from bulk biochar through top-down approaches including ball-milling, centrifugation, sonication, and hydrothermal synthesis. Nanobiochar can also be modified or engineered to obtain "engineered nanobiochar" or biochar nanocomposites with enhanced properties and applications. Nanobiochar provides many fold enhancements in surface area (0.4-97-times), pore size (0.1-5.3-times), total pore volume (0.5-48.5-times), and surface functionalities over bulk biochars. These enhancements have given increased contaminant sorption in both aqueous and soil media. Further, nanobiochar has also shown catalytic properties and applications in sensors, additive/fillers, targeted drug delivery, enzyme immobilization, polymer production, etc. The advantages and disadvantages of nanobiochar over bulk biochar are summarized herein, in detail. The processes and mechanisms involved in nanobiochar synthesis and contaminants sorption over nanobiochar are summarized. Finally, future directions and recommendations are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tej Pratap
- School
of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Manvendra Patel
- School
of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jonathan S. Singsit
- School
of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Charles U. Pittman
- Department
of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Dinesh Mohan
- School
of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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6
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Marrugo-Madrid S, Marrugo-Negrete J, Queralt I, Palet C, Díez S. Evaluation of novel biomass-derived materials as binding layers for determining labile mercury in water by diffusive gradient in thin-films technique. Talanta 2024; 267:125227. [PMID: 37826996 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, several binding gels were successfully prepared in Diffusive Gradient in Thin-film (DGT) that targeted the inclusion of novel biomass-derived materials for the determination of the labile fraction of mercury (Hg) in water. First, five biomass-derived materials were tested and the descending order as a function of the average percentage of Hg removal in solution was feathers > biochar > cork > canola meal > rice husk. The best two materials were treated and pulverized into powder to be embedded in a hydrogel; and so, feathers were pyrolyzed preserving the sulfur contained in their keratin structure (FBC), and biochar (BC) was modified and pyrolyzed with sublimated sulfur (SBC) to increase the Hg sorption sites in its structure. Analysis by Energy Dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry confirmed that the different pyrolysis procedures increased sulfur absorption successfully. The efficiency of the new gels (BC, SBC and FBC) in agarose was evaluated by comparative Hg uptake tests, showing a larger efficacy in the following order: SBC > BC > FBC. To assess the suitability of their application in freshwater environments, novel DGT devices were also evaluated to determine their diffusion coefficients (D). This test was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions, with particular focus on the potential competence of trace elements (Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd and As), which are commonly present in natural waters affected by mining. A stronger linear relationship between the Hg uptake by binding layers and the deployment time were obtained for the DGT devices with SBC (R2 = 0.948) vs. BC (R2 = 0.885). Therefore, the D obtained for Hg were 8.94 × 10-6 cm2 s-1 for DGT-SBC and 5.12 × 10-6 cm2 s-1 for DGT-BC devices at 25 °C, both within the same order of magnitude reported by previous studies. The good performance obtained by DGT-SBC devices is a promising result and indicates the potential for valorization of waste materials in the DGT technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siday Marrugo-Madrid
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cordoba, Montería, Colombia
| | - José Marrugo-Negrete
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cordoba, Montería, Colombia
| | - Ignasi Queralt
- Department of Geosciences, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Palet
- GTS-UAB Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Sergi Díez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Wu K, Wang B, Liu T, Wang J, Xu W, Zhang B, Niu Y. Synthesis of salicylaldehyde tailored PAMAM dendrimers/chitosan for adsorption of aqueous Hg(II): Performance and mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126590. [PMID: 37652340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution caused by Hg(II) exerts hazardous effect to environmental safety and human health. Herein, a family of salicylaldehyde tailored poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers/chitosan composites (G0-S/CTS, G1-S/CTS, and G2-S/CTS) were prepared and used for the removal of Hg(II) from water solution. The adsorption performance of the as-prepared composites for Hg(II) was thoroughly demonstrated by determining various influencing factors. G0-S/CTS, G1-S/CTS and G2-S/CTS exhibited competitive adsorption capacity and good adsorption selective property for Hg(II). The maximum adsorption capacity of G0-S/CTS, G1-S/CTS and G2-S/CTS for Hg(II) were 1.86, 2.18 and 4.47 mmol‧g-1, respectively. The adsorption for Hg(II) could be enhanced by raising initial Hg(II) concentration and temperature. The adsorption process was dominated by film diffusion processes with monolayer adsorption behavior. The functional groups of NH2, CONH, CN, OH, CO and CN were mainly responsible for the adsorption of Hg(II). G0-S/CTS, G1-S/CTS and G2-S/CTS displayed good regeneration property and the regenerate rate maintained 95.00 % after five adsorption-desorption cycles. The as-prepared adsorbents could be potentially used for the efficient removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Bingxiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Tonghe Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Yuzhong Niu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China.
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8
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Liu Z, Xia X, Ye CJ, Xu H, Wang QY, Zheng ZY, Li SS, Liu Z, Guo Z. Sensitive sensing of Hg(II) based on lattice B and surface F co-doped CeO 2: Synergies of catalysis and adsorption brought by doping site engineering. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1282:341937. [PMID: 37923410 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal oxides are widely used in the detection of heavy metal ions (HMIs), and the co-doping strategy that introducing a variety of different dopant atoms to modify them can obtain a better detection performance. However, there is very little research on the co-doped transition metal oxides by non-metallic elements for electrochemical detection. Herein, boron (B) and fluorine (F) co-doped CeO2 nanomaterial (BFC) is constructed to serve as the electrochemically sensitive interface for the detection of Hg(II). B and F affect the sensitivity of CeO2 to HMIs when they were introduced at different doping sites. Through a variety of characterization, it is proved that B is successfully doped into the lattice and F is doped on the surface of the material. Through the improvement of the catalytic properties and adsorption capacity of CeO2 by different doping sites, this B and F co-doped CeO2 exhibits excellent square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) current responses to Hg(II). Both the high sensitivity of 906.99 μA μM-1 cm-2 and the low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.006 μM are satisfactory. Besides, this BFC glassy carbon electrode (GCE) also has good anti-interference property, which has been successfully used in the detection of Hg(II) in actual water. This discovery provides a useful strategy for designing a variety of non-metallic co-doped transition metal oxides to construct trace heavy metal ion-sensitive interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Applications, Anhui Province Industrial Generic Technology Research Center for Alumics Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, PR China
| | - Xu Xia
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Applications, Anhui Province Industrial Generic Technology Research Center for Alumics Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, PR China
| | - Chun-Jie Ye
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Applications, Anhui Province Industrial Generic Technology Research Center for Alumics Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, PR China
| | - Huan Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Applications, Anhui Province Industrial Generic Technology Research Center for Alumics Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, PR China
| | - Qiu-Yu Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Applications, Anhui Province Industrial Generic Technology Research Center for Alumics Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, PR China
| | - Zi-Yi Zheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Applications, Anhui Province Industrial Generic Technology Research Center for Alumics Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Applications, Anhui Province Industrial Generic Technology Research Center for Alumics Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, PR China.
| | - Zhonggang Liu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230000, PR China.
| | - Zheng Guo
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230000, PR China.
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9
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Zhao BY, Yang XL, Liu XK, Shi Q, Liu YR, Wang L. Study on the cyclic adsorption performance of biomass composite membrane for Hg(II). ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:3777-3790. [PMID: 35481789 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2071644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Salix psammophila wood flour /polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel composite membrane (SPPM) with high adsorption capacity and good cycle adsorption performance was prepared by wet spinning technology. The SPPM was characterised by the scanning electron microscope (SEM), specific surface area test (BET), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the surface of SPPM is rough and porous, with good pore structure and thermal stability, and mercury ions (Hg(II)) have been successfully adsorbed on SPPM. At the same time, the effects of adsorption conditions (Hg(II) initial concentration, pH, adsorption time, and temperature) on the adsorption performance of SPPM were studied. Results from the adsorption experiment showed that the adsorption capacity of SPPM for Hg(II) can reach 426 mg/g. After four adsorption and desorption experiments, the adsorption capacity can reach 375 mg/g, which indicates that SPPM has good cycle adsorption performance. The adsorption kinetics was better described by the Pseudo-second-order kinetic, and their adsorption isotherms were fitted for the Langmuir model. The obtained results showed that SPPM is an available, economical adsorbent and was found suitable for removing Hg(II) from an aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Yun Zhao
- College of Material Science and Art Design, Laboratory of Fibrosis and Energy Utilisation of Shrubby Resources in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Lin Yang
- College of Material Science and Art Design, Laboratory of Fibrosis and Energy Utilisation of Shrubby Resources in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Kai Liu
- College of Material Science and Art Design, Laboratory of Fibrosis and Energy Utilisation of Shrubby Resources in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Shi
- College of Material Science and Art Design, Laboratory of Fibrosis and Energy Utilisation of Shrubby Resources in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Rong Liu
- College of Material Science and Art Design, Laboratory of Fibrosis and Energy Utilisation of Shrubby Resources in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Material Science and Art Design, Laboratory of Fibrosis and Energy Utilisation of Shrubby Resources in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
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10
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Yu J, Chang JS, Guo H, Han S, Lee DJ. Sodium ions removal by sulfuric acid-modified biochars. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116592. [PMID: 37423365 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Sulfuric acid modifies the biochar derived from corn cobs, stalks, and reeds. Amongst the modified biochar, corn cobs-biochar has the highest BET (101.6 m2 g-1), followed by reeds-biochars (96.1 m2 g-1). The Na+ adsorption capacities for pristine biochars are corn cobs-pristine biochar: 24.2 mg g-1, corn stalks-pristine biochar: 7.6 mg g-1, and reeds-pristine biochar: 6.3 mg g-1, relatively low for field applications. The acid-modified corn cobs biochar has a superior Na+ adsorption capacity of up to 221.1 mg g-1, much higher than literature reports and the other two tested biochars. This corn cobs-modified biochar has also a satisfactory Na+ adsorption capacity (193.1 mg g-1) from actual water collected from a sodium-contaminated city, Daqing, China. The FT-IR spectroscopy and XPS spectrum reveal that the embedded surface -SO3H groups onto the biochar correlate with its superior Na + adsorption, attributable to the ion exchange mechanisms. The biochar surface accessible to sulfonic group grafting can generate a superior Na+ adsorbing surface, which is for the first time reported and has great application potential for the remediation of sodium-contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Hongliang Guo
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Song Han
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-li, 32003, Taiwan.
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11
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Yang T, Zhang Z, Zhu W, Meng LY. Quantitative analysis of the current status and research trends of biochar research - A scientific bibliometric analysis based on global research achievements from 2003 to 2023. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:83071-83092. [PMID: 37338685 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27992-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has excellent physical and chemical properties such as porosity, high carbon content, high cation exchange capacity, and rich surface functional groups and has been widely used in environmental remediation. Over the past 20 years, although various reviews have described the application of biochar as an environmentally friendly multifunctional material in environmental remediation, no comprehensive summary and analysis of the research trends in this field exists. To promote the rapid and stable development of the field of biochar, the current state of research on biochar is clarified using the bibliometric method in this report, and potential development directions and challenges for the future are identified. All relevant biochar literature from 2003-2023 was collected from the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science Core Collection. A total of 6,119 published Chinese papers and 25,174 English papers were selected for the quantitative analysis. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Scimago graphics software was used to summarize the numbers of papers published over the years, as well as the countries, institutions, and authors that published the most articles. Secondly, using keyword co-occurrence and emergence analysis, the recognized research hotspots in different areas such as adsorbents, soil remediation, catalytic oxidation, supercapacitors, and "biochar-microbial" synergy were analyzed. Finally, the prospects and challenges of biochar were assessed to provide new perspectives for further promoting its development in technological, economic, environmental, and other aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Geography and Ocean Sciences, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Zhu
- College of Geography and Ocean Sciences, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Yue Meng
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Geography and Ocean Sciences, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Lu X, Guo J, Chen F, Tian M. Synthesizing sulfhydryl-functionalized biochar for effectively removing mercury ions from contaminated water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27653-3. [PMID: 37204567 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is regarded as an effective adsorbent for heavy metal pollution treatment, and functional optimization is still needed to improve its performance. We created raw biochar (BC and BP) from corn straw and pine sawdust, which were modified to produce sulfhydryl-modified biochar (MBC and MBP). Isothermal adsorption experiments and adsorption kinetics experiments as well as the related model fitting were performed to evaluate the adsorption performance of biochar on Hg(II). According to the results of the Langmuir model fitting, the maximum adsorption capacities of sulfhydryl-modified biochar were 193.05 mg/g (MBC) and 178.04 mg/g (MBP), respectively, which were approximately 1.6 times higher than the raw biochar. The results showed that adding sulfhydryl groups to biochar can improve its adsorption performance. The prompt effect resulted from the sulfhydryl modification providing additional functional groups and enhanced chemisorption and physical adsorption properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfa Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengkui Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Zhang D, Xiang Y, Liu G, Liang L, Chen L, Shi J, Yin Y, Cai Y, Jiang G. Mechanism and controlling factors on rapid methylmercury degradation by ligand-enhanced Fenton-like reaction at circumneutral pH. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138291. [PMID: 36870614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg), derived from industrial processes and microbial methylation, is still a worldwide environmental concern. A rapid and efficient strategy is necessary for MeHg degradation in waste and environmental waters. Here, we provide a new method with ligand-enhanced Fenton-like reaction to rapidly degrade MeHg under neutral pH. Three common chelating ligands were selected (nitriloacetic acid (NTA), citrate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic disodium (EDTA)) to promote the Fenton-like reaction and degradation of MeHg. Results showed that MeHg can be rapidly degraded, with the following efficiency sequence: EDTA > NTA > citrate. Scavenger addition demonstrated that hydroxyl radical (▪OH), superoxide radical (O2▪-), and ferryl (FeⅣO2+) were involved in MeHg degradation, and their relative contributions highly depended on ligand type. Degradation product and total Hg analysis suggested that Hg(Ⅱ) and Hg0 were generated with the demethylation of MeHg. Further, environmental factors, including initial pH, organic complexation (natural organic matter and cysteine), and inorganic ions (chloride and bicarbonate) on MeHg degradation, were investigated in NTA-enhanced system. Finally, rapid MeHg degradation was validated for MeHg-spiked waste and environmental waters. This study provided a simple and efficient strategy for MeHg remediation in contaminated waters, which is also helpful for understanding its degradation in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingxi Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effect, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuping Xiang
- Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effect, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Guangliang Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, United States
| | - Lina Liang
- Beijing Zhongke PUYAN Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Lufeng Chen
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yongguang Yin
- Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effect, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| | - Yong Cai
- Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effect, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, United States
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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Xia C, Liang Y, Li X, Garalleh HA, Garaleh M, Hill JM, Pugazhendhi A. Remediation competence of nanoparticles amalgamated biochar (nanobiochar/nanocomposite) on pollutants: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 218:114947. [PMID: 36462692 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Advanced biochar blended nanoparticles substances, such as nano biochar or nanocomposites, have provided long-term solutions to a wide range of modern-day problems. Biochar blended nano-composites can be created to create better composite materials that combine the benefits of biochar and nanoparticles. Such materials have been typically improved with active functional groups, porous structure, active surface area, catalytic deterioration ability, as well as easy recovery or separation of pollutants. Such biochar-basednanocomposites have good adsorption properties for a variety of pollutants in various form of polluted medium (soil and water contamination). Catalytic nanoparticle encapsulated biochar, can perform concurrently the adsorption (by biochar) as well as catalytic degradation (nanoparticles) functions for pollutants removal from polluted sites. In this review, the advanced and practically feasible techniques involved in the biochar blended nanoparticles-based nanocomposites have been discussed with environmental applications. Furthermore, the mechanisms involved in this composite material in remediation, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of biochar blended nanoparticles-based nanocomposites, were discussed, and future directions for study in this field were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlei Xia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Yunyi Liang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Xia Li
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Hakim Al Garalleh
- Department of Mathematical Science, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology-Dahban, Jeddah, 21361, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Garaleh
- Department of Mathematical Science, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology-Dahban, Jeddah, 21361, Saudi Arabia; Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tafila Technical University, Tafila, 66141, Jordan
| | - James M Hill
- School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
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Khurshid H, Mustafa MRU, Isa MH. Adsorption of chromium, copper, lead and mercury ions from aqueous solution using bio and nano adsorbents: A review of recent trends in the application of AC, BC, nZVI and MXene. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113138. [PMID: 35364043 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent trends in adsorption of Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb) and Mercury (Hg) in wastewater using (i) carbonaceous materials including activated carbon (AC) and biochar (BC), and (ii) nanomaterials including nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) and MXenes have been discussed in this paper. It has been found that adsorption capacity depends largely on the adsorbent modification technique, initial pH of wastewater, dosage of adsorbent, contact time and initial concentration of the pollutants. The pH value ranges for maximum removal of Cr, Cu, Pb and Hg have been reported as 2-4, 5-6, 5-8 and 3-8, respectively. Up to 99% removal of metals has been reported using AC, BC, nZVI and MXene. The mechanism involves the reduction and chemical adsorption of metals. AC and BC have a higher surface area (up to 5000 m2/g) compared to nZVI (up to 500 m2/g) and MXene (up to 67.66 m2/g). However, the higher reactivity and regeneration capacity of nZVI and MXene make them suitable adsorbents. From a practical point of view the application of adsorbents for real effluents, cost analysis, regeneration capability and reuse of heavy metals are some aspects that need attention in future studies. The removal efficiencies of AC and BC are comparable to the nZVI and MXene. The cost analysis may be an attractive aspect to decide the future application of these adsorbents at large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hifsa Khurshid
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Raza Ul Mustafa
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; Centre for Urban Resource Sustainability, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Hasnain Isa
- Civil Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Tungku Highway, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
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Wu J, Wang T, Liu Y, Tang W, Geng S, Chen J. Norfloxacin adsorption and subsequent degradation on ball-milling tailored N-doped biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135264. [PMID: 35690167 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
N-doping is an effective way to modify biochar for enhancing the adsorption capacity. The synthesis of N-doped biochar by the ball-milling method has been attractive due to its facile and eco-friendly approach with low energy consumption. However, the commonly used N-precursor NH3·H2O is environmentally harmful. It is needed to prepare safe and non-toxic N-doped biochar for large-scale production. Here, a urea N-doped biochar (U-MBC) was prepared by the ball-milling method and used for norfloxacin (NOR) removal. The results showed that U-MBC exhibited almost 4-fold higher adsorption capacity for NOR than pristine biochar in a wide pH range (3-9). The adsorption enhancement was owing to the enhancement of H-bonds, π-π electron donor-acceptor, and pore-filling interactions due to the N-doping and ball-milling method. Additionally, 89% of adsorbed NOR can be further removed after 6 h milling. The regenerated U-MBC still had a good adsorption capacity (46.27 mg g-1) and performed well in three cycles. The knowledge gained from this study could encourage researchers to use urea or similar safe N-precursors with the ball-milling method for the large-scale production of N-doped biochar to remove antibiotic organic pollutants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Tongshuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute (CHEARI), Beijing, 100053, PR China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Shuyu Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
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Zhou H, Ma M, Zhao Y, Baig SA, Hu S, Ye M, Wang J. Integrated green complexing agent and biochar modified nano zero-valent iron for hexavalent chromium removal: A characterisation and performance study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155080. [PMID: 35398438 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) was loaded on biochar (BC) prepared from recycled waste peanut shells. The loaded BC in the nZVI@BC composite was assumed to weaken the agglomeration of nZVI and the environmentally-friendly complexing agents sodium citrate (Cit) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were used to establish Cit-nZVI@BC and CMC-nZVI@BC for the effective removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous environments. The characterisation results suggested that Cit and CMC not only inhibited the oxidation of nZVI, but also effectively improved its reactivity. The experimental results demonstrated that the Cr(VI) removal efficiency by nZVI was less than 20%, while CMC-nZVI@BC enhanced the Cr(VI) removal efficiency to 80.73%, because CMC was coated on the nZVI surface for anti-passivation and improved the surface activity of nanoparticles. In addition, the Cr(VI) removal efficiency reached almost 100% with Cit-nZVI@BC, and the citrate dissociated the passivation layer on the surface of the zero-valent iron particles to ensure the reactivity of the zero-valent iron. The reaction mechanism of Cit-nZVI@BC includes adsorption, reduction, and co-precipitation, whereas CMC-nZVI@BC also involves surface complexation reactions. The kinetic studies revealed that the removal of Cr(VI) by Cit-nZVI@BC and CMC-nZVI@BC followed the second-order reaction kinetic model, and the reaction rates of Cit-nZVI@BC and CMC-nZVI@BC were both higher than that of nZVI. The results indicate that the prepared systems are promising for Cr(VI) remediation in contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Mengyan Ma
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongkang Zhao
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shams Ali Baig
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Garden Campus, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Shufen Hu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengyao Ye
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junliang Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
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