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Carone M, Malaguti M, Zanetti M, Tiraferri A, Riggio VA. Towards sustainable water management for Galdieria sulphuraria cultivation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175267. [PMID: 39102949 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The red microalga Galdieria sulphuraria has emerged as a promising biotechnological platform for large-scale cultivation and production of high-value compounds, such as the blue pigment phycocyanin. However, a large amount of freshwater and a substantial supply of nutrients challenge both the environmental and the economic sustainability of algal cultivation. Additionally, the extremophilic nature of Galdieria sulphuraria requires cultivation in an acidic culture medium that directly leads to strongly acidic wastewater, which in turn generally exceeds legal limits for industrial wastewater discharge. This research aims to address these challenges, by investigating cultivation water reuse as a strategy to reduce the impacts of Galdieria sulphuraria management. The results indicated that a 25 % water reuse may be easily implemented and showed to be effective at the pilot scale, providing no significant changes in microalgae growth (biomass productivity ~0.21 g L-1 d-1) or in phycocyanin accumulation (~ 10.8 % w/w) after three consecutive cultivation cycles in reused water. Moreover, a single cultivation cycle with water reuse percentages of 71 and 98 %, achieved with membrane filtration and with centrifugation, respectively, was also successful (biomass productivity ~0.24 g L-1 d-1). These findings encourage freshwater reuse implementations in the microalgae sector and support further investigations focusing on coupling cultivation and harvesting in continuous, real-scale configurations. Centrifugation and membrane filtration required substantially different specific electrical energy consumption for water reuse and biomass concentration: in real applications, the former technique would roughly span from 1 to 10 kWh m-3 while the latter is expected to fall within the ample range 0.1-100 kWh m-3, strongly dependent on system size. For this reason, the most suitable separation train should be chosen on a case-by-case basis, considering the prevailing flow rate and the target biomass concentration factor targeted by the separation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carone
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering - DIATI, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - M Malaguti
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering - DIATI, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - M Zanetti
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering - DIATI, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - A Tiraferri
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering - DIATI, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - V A Riggio
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering - DIATI, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
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Scapini T, Woiciechowski AL, Manzoki MC, Molina-Aulestia DT, Martinez-Burgos WJ, Fanka LS, Duda LJ, Vale ADS, de Carvalho JC, Soccol CR. Microalgae-mediated biofixation as an innovative technology for flue gases towards carbon neutrality: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 363:121329. [PMID: 38852420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae-mediated industrial flue gas biofixation has been widely discussed as a clean alternative for greenhouse gas mitigation. Through photosynthetic processes, microalgae can fix carbon dioxide (CO2) and other compounds and can also be exploited to obtain high value-added products in a circular economy. One of the major limitations of this bioprocess is the high concentrations of CO2, sulfur oxides (SOx), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in flue gases, according to the origin of the fuel, that can inhibit photosynthesis and reduce the process efficiency. To overcome these limitations, researchers have recently developed new technologies and enhanced process configurations, thereby increased productivity and CO2 removal rates. Overall, CO2 biofixation rates from flue gases by microalgae ranged from 72 mg L-1 d -1 to over 435 mg L-1 d-1, which were directly influenced by different factors, mainly the microalgae species and photobioreactor. Additionally, mixotrophic culture have shown potential in improving microalgae productivity. Progress in developing new reactor configurations, with pilot-scale implementations was observed, resulting in an increase in patents related to the subject and in the implementation of companies using combustion gases in microalgae culture. Advancements in microalgae-based green technologies for environmental impact mitigation have led to more efficient biotechnological processes and opened large-scale possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamarys Scapini
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
| | - Adenise Lorenci Woiciechowski
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil.
| | - Maria Clara Manzoki
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
| | - Denisse Tatiana Molina-Aulestia
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
| | - Walter Jose Martinez-Burgos
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
| | - Letícia Schneider Fanka
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
| | - Leonardo José Duda
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
| | - Alexander da Silva Vale
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar de Carvalho
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
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Bhatnagar P, Gururani P, Parveen A, Gautam P, Chandra Joshi N, Tomar MS, Nanda M, Vlaskin MS, Kumar V. Algae: A promising and sustainable protein-rich food ingredient for bakery and dairy products. Food Chem 2024; 441:138322. [PMID: 38190793 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The consumer demand for protein rich foods urges the exploration for novel products of natural origin. Algae can be considered as a gold mine of different bioactive compounds, among which protein is distributed in significant amounts i.e., around 30% and can even reach to 55-60% in some cyanobacteria. Bakery and dairy products are extensively consumed worldwide due to product diversification and innovation. However, incorporation of algae biomass can lead to the development of green colour and fishy flavour that usually is not accepted in such products. Therefore, isolation and application of algae-derived proteins opens a new door for food industry. The present review provides a comprehensive understanding of incorporation of algae as a protein-rich ingredient in bakery and dairy products. The paper provides a deep insight for all the possible recent trends related to production and extraction of algae proteins accompanied by their incorporation in bakery and dairy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Bhatnagar
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Prateek Gururani
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India.
| | - Afreen Parveen
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Pankaj Gautam
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Naveen Chandra Joshi
- Division of Research & Innovation, Uttaranchal University Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Mahipal Singh Tomar
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Manisha Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Mikhail S Vlaskin
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russian Federation
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russian Federation.
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Li P, Wang D, Hu Z, Chen D, Wang Y, Wang M, Wei S, Song C. Insight into the potential mechanism of bicarbonate assimilation promoted by mixotrophic in CO 2 absorption and microalgae conversion system. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140903. [PMID: 38092167 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
CO2 absorption-microalgae conversion (CAMC) system is a promising carbon capture and utilization technology. However, the use of HCO3- as a carbon source often led to a slower growth rate of microalgae, which also limited the application of CAMC system. In this study, the assimilation efficiency of HCO3- in CAMC system was improved through mixotrophic, and the potential mechanism was investigated. The HCO3- assimilation efficiency and biomass under mixotrophic were 34.79% and 31.76% higher than that of control. Mixotrophic increased chlorophyll and phycocyanin content, which were beneficial to capture more light energy. The content of ATP and NADPH reached 566.86 μmol/gprot and 672.86 nmol/mgprot, which increased by 31.83% and 27.67% compared to autotrophic. The activity of carbonic anhydrase and Rubisco increased by 18.52% and 22.08%, respectively. Transcriptome showed that genes related to photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport were up-regulated. The synergy of photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation greatly improved energy metabolism efficiency, thus accelerating the assimilation of HCO3-. These results revealed a potential mechanism of promoting the HCO3- assimilation under mixotrophic, it also provided a guidance for using CAMC system to serve carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Dantong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Zhan Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Danqing Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Wetland Conservation and Green Development of Hebei Provin, Hengshui University, PR China
| | - Shuzhen Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Wetland Conservation and Green Development of Hebei Provin, Hengshui University, PR China
| | - Chunfeng Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
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Qin S, Wang K, Gao F, Ge B, Cui H, Li W. Biotechnologies for bulk production of microalgal biomass: from mass cultivation to dried biomass acquisition. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:131. [PMID: 37644516 PMCID: PMC10466707 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal biomass represents a sustainable bioresource for various applications, such as food, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, feed, and other bio-based products. For decades, its mass production has attracted widespread attention and interest. The process of microalgal biomass production involves several techniques, mainly cultivation, harvesting, drying, and pollution control. These techniques are often designed and optimized to meet optimal growth conditions for microalgae and to produce high-quality biomass at acceptable cost. Importantly, mass production techniques are important for producing a commercial product in sufficient amounts. However, it should not be overlooked that microalgal biotechnology still faces challenges, in particular the high cost of production, the lack of knowledge about biological contaminants and the challenge of loss of active ingredients during biomass production. These issues involve the research and development of low-cost, standardized, industrial-scale production equipment and the optimization of production processes, as well as the urgent need to increase the research on biological contaminants and microalgal active ingredients. This review systematically examines the global development of microalgal biotechnology for biomass production, with emphasis on the techniques of cultivation, harvesting, drying and control of biological contaminants, and discusses the challenges and strategies to further improve quality and reduce costs. Moreover, the current status of biomass production of some biotechnologically important species has been summarized, and the importance of improving microalgae-related standards for their commercial applications is noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Chunhui Road, Laishan District, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China.
| | - Kang Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Chunhui Road, Laishan District, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fengzheng Gao
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Baosheng Ge
- College of Chemical Engineering and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Hongli Cui
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Chunhui Road, Laishan District, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Chunhui Road, Laishan District, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
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Yang H, Xin X. CO 2 capture and lipid production performance of microalgae in the S-shaped photobioreactor under different culture modes. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 165:110194. [PMID: 36682097 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An S-shaped photobioreactor was designed by adding grooves and baffles in the traditional photobioreactor to improve the culture efficiency of microalgae. After that, the parameters of the characterization of the S-shaped photobioreactor, such as the mixing time, gas holdup, and gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient, were determined. The biomass, lipid production rate, and average CO2 capture rate of microalgae were then analyzed under different culture modes. Finally, the feasibility of using digested piggery wastewater combined with simulated flue gas was explored as a culture mode for the microalgae and the lipid properties of the microalgae were analyzed. The results revealed that, at a flow rate of 0.08 vvm, the mixing time was reduced by 8.5 s, the gas hold-up increased by 44.6% and the gas-liquid mass transfer ability was also improved. Improvements were also observed in the biomass values, lipid production rate, and average CO2 capture rate of the microalgae under different culture conditions, with respective values reaching 0.23 g·(L·d)-1, 70.28 mg·(L·d)-1, and 0.43 g·(L·d)-1 under the mixotrophic mode. Additionally, digested piggery wastewater combined with the simulated microalgae flue gas culture was determined to be feasible. The biomass, lipid production rate, and the average CO2 capture rate of microalgae, the values of which were 0.22 g·(L·d)-1, 52.55 mg·(L·d)-1, and 0.41 g·(L·d)-1, respectively. Lipid was observed to have the potential to produce high-quality biofuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- School of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Xin Xin
- School of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China.
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Narindri Rara Winayu B, Hsueh HT, Chu H. CO 2 fixation and cultivation of Thermosynechococcus sp. CL-1 for the production of phycocyanin. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128105. [PMID: 36243258 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cultivation of Cyanobacteria is preferable for CO2 fixation process due to its efficiency and production of beneficial byproducts like phycocyanin. In this study, Thermosynechococcus sp. CL-1 (TCL-1) was cultivated in a 30 L flat panel photobioreactor using a 3-fold-modified Fitzgerald medium with 113.2 mM dissolved inorganic carbon. The highest CO2 fixation rate of 21.98 ± 1.52 mg/L/h was followed by higher lipid content (49.91 % dry weight content or %dwc) than the generated carbohydrate (24.22 %dwc). TCL-1 also potentially produced phycocyanin that was dominated by C-phycocyanin (98.10 ± 6.67 mg/g) along with a lower amount of allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin under extraction using various types of solvent. Stability of phycocyanin extract was further examined during storage under various temperatures and light illuminations. Extraction with 36 % glucose solvent presented a protective effect to phycocyanin from heat and photo-damage which was proven by the kinetics study of phycocyanin degradation in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hsin-Ta Hsueh
- Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Chu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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