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Nakatani K, Sato H, Fukuda R. A catalyzed E/ Z isomerization mechanism of stilbene using para-benzoquinone as a triplet sensitizer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:1712-1721. [PMID: 34984427 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04672a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sensitizer molecules affect not only the quantum yield but also the selectivity of photochemical reactions. For an appropriate design of sensitized photochemical processes, we need to elucidate the reaction mechanism in detail. Here we investigated the mechanism of photoisomerization of stilbene via the triplet state with a para-benzoquinone sensitizer using density functional theory. In general, the isomerization of stilbene via the triplet state exhibits (Z)-selectivity (cis-selectivity); however, the para-benzoquinone sensitizer changes it to (E)-selectivity (trans-selectivity). The calculations showed that stilbene and para-benzoquinone form stable exciplexes having a preoxetane structure. The E/Z isomerization occurred via this exciplex, in which para-benzoquinone acted as a photocatalyst rather than a sensitizer only providing excitation energy. The spin-density distribution of the exciplex differed from the isolated stilbene in the triplet state. Therefore, the stilbene moiety could take (E)-conformation in the exciplex. The intermolecular charge-transfer drove the exciplex formation. This specific reaction mechanism originated from the electron-accepting ability of para-benzoquinone in the triplet state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Nakatani
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry (FIFC), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Fukuda
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan.
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2
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Holzmann N, Bernasconi L, Bisby RH, Parker AW. Influence of charge transfer on the isomerisation of stilbene derivatives for application in cancer therapy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:27778-27790. [PMID: 30378611 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05375h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photoisomerisation of non-toxic trans-combretastatin CA4 to its cytotoxic cis isomer demonstrates the high potential of this and similar compounds for localised cancer therapy. The introduction of intramolecular charge-transfer character by altering the substituents of combretastatin systems opens up possibilities to tailor these stilbene derivatives to the special demands of anticancer drugs. In this TDDFT study we explore how absorption wavelengths for both the trans and cis isomers can be red shifted to enable deeper light penetration into tissue and how the trans → cis and cis → trans isomerisations are affected by charge transfer effects to different degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Holzmann
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK.
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3
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Fletcher K, Krämer M, Bunz UH, Dreuw A. The π-conjugation length determines the fluorescence quenching mechanism of aromatic aldehydes in water. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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4
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Ioffe IN, Quick M, Quick MT, Dobryakov AL, Richter C, Granovsky AA, Berndt F, Mahrwald R, Ernsting NP, Kovalenko SA. Tuning Stilbene Photochemistry by Fluorination: State Reordering Leads to Sudden Polarization near the Franck-Condon Region. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15265-15274. [PMID: 28985461 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous polarization of a nonpolar molecule upon photoexcitation (the sudden polarization effect) earlier discussed for 90°-twisted alkenes is observed and calculated for planar ring-fluorinated stilbenes, trans-2,3,5,6,2',3',5',6'-octofluorostilbene (tF2356) and trans-2,3,4,5,6,2',3',4',5',6'-decafluorostilbene (tF23456). Due to the fluorination, Franck-Condon states S1FC and S2FC are dominated by the quasi-degenerate HOMO-1 → LUMO and HOMO-2 → LUMO excitations, while their interaction gives rise to a symmetry-broken zwitterionic S1 state. After optical excitation of tF2356, one observes an ultrafast (∼0.06 ps) evolution that reflects relaxation from initial nonpolar S3FC to long-lived (1.3 ns in n-hexane and 3.4 ns in acetonitrile) polar S1. The polarity of S1 is evidenced by a solvatochromic shift of its fluorescence band. The experimental results provide a sensitive test for quantum-chemical calculations. In particular, our calculations agree with the experiment, and raise concerns about the applicability of the common TDDFT approach to relatively simple stilbenic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya N Ioffe
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Martin Quick
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael T Quick
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander L Dobryakov
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Celin Richter
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Falko Berndt
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Mahrwald
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus P Ernsting
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergey A Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Orlandi G, Garavelli M, Zerbetto F. Analysis of the vibronic structure of the trans-stilbene fluorescence and excitation spectra: the S 0 and S 1 PES along the C e[double bond, length as m-dash]C e and C e-C ph torsions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:25095-25104. [PMID: 28880040 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01594a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the highly resolved vibronic structure of the low energy (≤200 cm-1) region of the fluorescence and fluorescence excitation spectra of trans-stilbene in supersonic beams. In this spectral region the vibronic structure is associated mainly with vibrational levels of the Ce-Ce torsion (τ) and the au combination of the two Ce-Cph bond twisting (ϕ). We base this analysis on the well-established S0(τ, ϕ) two-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) and on a newly refined S1(τ, ϕ) PES. We obtain vibrational eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the anharmonic S0(τ, ϕ) and S1(τ, ϕ) PES using a numerical procedure based on the Meyer's flexible model [R. Meyer, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1979, 76, 266]. Then we derive Franck-Condon factors and therefore intensities of the relevant vibronic bands for the S0 → S1 excitation and S1 → S0 fluorescence spectra. Furthermore, we assess the role of the bg combination of the two Ce-Cph bond twisting (ν48) in the structure of the S1 → S0 fluorescence spectra. By the use of these results we are able to assign most of the low energy vibrational levels of the S0 → S1 excitation spectra and of the fluorescence spectra of the emission from several low energy S1 vibronic levels. The good agreement between the observed and the computed vibrational structure of the S0 → S1 and S1 → S0 spectra suggests that the proposed picture of the E1(τ, ϕ) and E0(τ, ϕ) PES, in particular along the coordinate τ governing trans-cis photo-isomerization in S1, is accurate. In S0, the barriers for the Ce[double bond, length as m-dash]Ce torsion and for the au type Ce-Cph bond twisting are 16 080 cm-1 and 3125 cm-1, respectively, while in S1, where the bond orders of the Ce[double bond, length as m-dash]Ce and Ce-Cph bonds are reversed, the two barriers become 1350 cm-1 and 8780 cm-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Orlandi
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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6
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Tzeli D, Petsalakis ID, Theodorakopoulos G. Molecular logic gates based on benzo-18-crown-6 ether of styrylquinoline: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:32132-32145. [PMID: 27847950 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06899e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we examine the possibility of a benzo-18-crown-6 ether of styrylquinoline molecule (1) in acetonitrile solvent to act as a sensor for the Ca++ cation and as a molecular logical gate. DFT and TDDFT calculations are carried out using the M06-2X and the PBE0 functionals. The quinoline moiety is an electron donor and an H+ receptor, while the crown ether is a Ca++ receptor forming host-guest complexes with Ca++. The calculations show that there are 8 thermally stable forms, i.e., trans and cis isomers of neutral (1), protonated (1H+), complexed with Ca++ (1Ca++), and both protonated and Ca++ complexed (1H+Ca++), with different absorption and emission spectra, and which can be interconverted from one form to another. The addition of H+ and/or Ca++ to 1 results in variation of the oscillator strength of the major absorption and emission peaks as well as in significant shifts of the major absorption and emission peaks including shifting from the vis spectral area to UV and vice versa. Consequently, 1 is a candidate for a sensor for the Ca++ cation. Furthermore it is shown that 1 can act as a molecular optical switch owing to its ability to be reversibly protonated and/or Ca++ complexed with substantial accompanying differences in the spectral properties. Similarly, 1 can be used as a sensor molecular logic gate, in which using H+ and Ca++ and irradiation as input, the emission output at 500, 470, 430, and 407 nm can be utilized as output to build AND, NOR, XOR, XNOR, INHIBIT, and IMPLICATION logic gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demeter Tzeli
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens 116 35, Greece.
| | - Ioannis D Petsalakis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens 116 35, Greece.
| | - Giannoula Theodorakopoulos
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens 116 35, Greece.
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7
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Ünsalan O, Kuş N, Jarmelo S, Fausto R. Trans- and cis-stilbene isolated in cryogenic argon and xenon matrices. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 136 Pt A:81-94. [PMID: 24211173 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Monomers of trans- (TS) and cis-stilbene (CS) were isolated in cryogenic argon and xenon matrices, and their infrared (IR) spectra were fully assigned and interpreted. The interpretation of the vibrational spectra received support from theoretical calculations undertaken at the DFT(B3LYP)/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. In situ broadband UV irradiation of the matrix-isolated CS led to its isomerization to TS, which appeared in the photolysed matrices in both non-planar and planar configurations. The non-planar species was found to convert into the more stable planar form upon subsequent annealing of the matrices at higher temperature. TS was found to be photostable under the used experimental conditions. The structure of the non-planar TS form was assigned based on the comparison of its observed IR spectrum with those theoretically predicted for different conformations of TS. Chemometrics was used to make this assignment. Additional reasoning on the structure of the studied stilbenes is presented taking as basis results of the Natural Bond Orbital analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Ünsalan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nihal Kuş
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Physics, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Susana Jarmelo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Fausto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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8
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Roohi H, Mohtamedifar N, Hejazi F. Intramolecular photoinduced proton transfer in 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzazole family: A TD-DFT quantum chemical study. Chem Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Roohi H, Hejazi F, Mohtamedifar N, Jahantab M. Excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) in 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole and its naphthalene-fused analogs: a TD-DFT quantum chemical study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 118:228-238. [PMID: 24051295 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The intramolecular proton transfer reactions in 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HBO) and its naphthalene-fused analogs, (HNB1-3) in both S0 and S1 states at the PBE1PBE/6-311++G(2d,2p) level of theory in the gas phase and water have been investigated to find the effects of extension of aromaticity on the intramolecular proton transfer and photophysical properties. The results show that the ground state intramolecular proton transfer (GSIPT) in the studied species is impossible. Excited states potential energy surface calculations support the existence of ESIPT process. Structural parameters, relative energy of isomers, H-bonding energy, adsorption and emission bands, vertical excitation and emission energies, oscillator strength, fluorescence rate constant, dipole moment, atomic charges and electron density at critical points were calculated. Orbital analysis shows that vertical S0→S1 transition in the studied molecules corresponds essentially to the excitation from HOMO (π) to LUMO (π(*)). The potential of HNB2 molecule as an emissive and electron transport material in designing improved organic white light emitting diodes is predicted in this work. Our calculations are also supported by the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Roohi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 98135-674, Rasht, Iran.
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10
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Ioffe IN, Granovsky AA. Photoisomerization of Stilbene: The Detailed XMCQDPT2 Treatment. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:4973-90. [PMID: 26583415 DOI: 10.1021/ct400647w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the detailed XMCQDPT2/cc-pVTZ study of trans-cis photoisomerization in one of the core systems of both experimental and computational photochemistry-the stilbene molecule. For the first time, the potential energy surface (PES) of the S1 state has been directly optimized and scanned using a multistate multiconfiguration second-order perturbation theory. We characterize the trans-stilbene, pyramidalized (phantom), and DHP-cis-stilbene geometric domains of the S1 state and describe their stationary points including the transition states between them, as well as S1/S0 intersections. Also reported are the minima and the activation barriers in the ground state. Our calculations correctly predict the kinetic isotope effect due to H/D exchange at ethylenic hydrogens, the dynamic behavior of excited cis-stilbene, and trans-cis branching ratio after relaxation to S0 through a rather unsymmetric conical intersection. In general, the XMCQDPT2 results confirm the qualitative adequacy of the TDDFT (especially SF-TDDFT) picture of the excited stilbene but also reveal quantitative discrepancies that deserve further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Ioffe
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow, 119991, Russia
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11
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Lin N, Barone V, Cappelli C, Zhao X, Ruud K, Santoro F. Effective time-independent studies on resonance Raman spectroscopy of trans-stilbene including the Duschinsky effect. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.809490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Lin
- a State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Shandong , China
- b Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , University of Tromsø , Tromsø , Norway
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- c Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7 , Pisa , Italy
| | - Chiara Cappelli
- c Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7 , Pisa , Italy
- d Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Xian Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Shandong , China
| | - Kenneth Ruud
- b Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , University of Tromsø , Tromsø , Norway
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- e Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – CNR, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici (ICCOM-CNR) , Pisa , Italy
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12
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Tzeli D, Theodorakopoulos G, Petsalakis ID, Ajami D, Rebek J. Conformations and Fluorescence of Encapsulated Stilbene. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:4346-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ja211164b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Demeter Tzeli
- Theoretical
and Physical Chemistry
Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou, Athens 116 35, Greece
| | - Giannoula Theodorakopoulos
- Theoretical
and Physical Chemistry
Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou, Athens 116 35, Greece
| | - Ioannis D. Petsalakis
- Theoretical
and Physical Chemistry
Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou, Athens 116 35, Greece
| | - Dariush Ajami
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology & Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Julius Rebek
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology & Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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13
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Minezawa N, Gordon MS. Photoisomerization of stilbene: a spin-flip density functional theory approach. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7901-11. [PMID: 21639100 DOI: 10.1021/jp203803a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photoisomerization process of 1,2-diphenylethylene (stilbene) is investigated using the spin-flip density functional theory (SFDFT), which has recently been shown to be a promising approach for locating conical intersection (CI) points (Minezawa, N.; Gordon, M. S. J. Phys. Chem. A2009, 113, 12749). The SFDFT method gives valuable insight into twisted stilbene to which the linear response time-dependent DFT approach cannot be applied. In contrast to the previous SFDFT study of ethylene, a distinct twisted minimum is found for stilbene. The optimized structure has a sizable pyramidalization angle and strong ionic character, indicating that a purely twisted geometry is not a true minimum. In addition, the SFDFT approach can successfully locate two CI points: the twisted-pyramidalized CI that is similar to the ethylene counterpart and another CI that possibly lies on the cyclization pathway of cis-stilbene. The mechanisms of the cis--trans isomerization reaction are discussed on the basis of the two-dimensional potential energy surface along the twisting and pyramidalization angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Minezawa
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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14
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Bao J, Weber PM. Electronic effects on photochemistry: the diverse reaction dynamics of highly excited stilbenes and azobenzene. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:4164-7. [PMID: 21370862 DOI: 10.1021/ja108598w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast time-resolved mass spectrometry and structural dynamics experiments on trans-stilbene, cis-stilbene, and azobenzene, with excitation to high-lying electronic states, reveal a rich diversity of photochemical reaction dynamics. All processes are found to be quite unlike the well-known photochemistry on lower electronic surfaces. While in trans-stilbene, excitation at 6 eV induces a phenyl twisting motion, in cis-stilbene it leads to an ultrafast ring-closing to form 4a,4b-dihydrophenanthrene. Azobenzene dissociates on an ultrafast time scale, rather than isomerizing as it does on a lower surface. The photochemical dynamics of the sample molecules proceed along steep potential energy surfaces and conical intersections. Because of that, the dynamics are much faster than vibrational relaxation, the randomizing effects from vibrational energy scrambling are avoided, and excitation-energy specific reaction dynamics results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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15
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Briney KA, Herman L, Boucher DS, Dunkelberger AD, Crim FF. The Influence of Vibrational Excitation on the Photoisomerization of trans-Stilbene in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:9788-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jp102752f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A. Briney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Leslie Herman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - David S. Boucher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Adam D. Dunkelberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - F. Fleming Crim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
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16
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Jiang C, Xie R, Li F, Allen RE. Trans-to-cis isomerization of stilbene following an ultrafast laser pulse. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Angeli C, Improta R, Santoro F. On the controversial nature of the 1 B1u and 2 B1u states of trans-stilbene: The n-electron valence state perturbation theory approach. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:174307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3131263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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18
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Santoro F, Improta R, Lami A, Bloino J, Barone V. Effective method to compute Franck-Condon integrals for optical spectra of large molecules in solution. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:084509. [PMID: 17343460 DOI: 10.1063/1.2437197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors present a new method for the computation of vibrationally resolved optical spectra of large molecules, including the Duschinsky [Acta Physicochim. URSS 7, 551 (1937)] rotation of the normal modes. The method automatically selects the relevant vibronic contributions to the spectrum, independent of their frequency, and it is able to provide fully converged spectra with a quite modest computational time, both in vacuo and in condensed phase. Starting from the rigorous time-dependent expression they discuss indeed in which limits the spectrum of a molecule embedded in a solvent, described as a polarizable continuum, can be computed in a time-independent formalism, defining both nonequilibrium and equilibrium limits. In these cases the polarizable continuum model provides a suitable description of the solvent field. By computing the absorption spectra of anthracene in gas phase and of coumarin C153 in gas phase and cyclohexane, and the phosphorescence spectrum of the unsubstituted coumarin in ethanol they show that the method is fast and efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Santoro
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici del CNR, Area della Ricerca del CNR Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
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19
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Debnarova A, Techert S, Schmatz S. Ab initiotreatment of time-resolved x-ray scattering: Application to the photoisomerization of stilbene. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:224101. [PMID: 17176128 DOI: 10.1063/1.2400231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we present a general theoretical outline for calculating time-dependent x-ray scattering signal changes from first principles. We derive a formalism for the description of atom-atom correlation functions as Fourier transforms of quantum-chemically calculated electron densities and show their proportionality to the molecular form factor. The formalism derived in this work is applied to the photoisomerization of stilbene. We can demonstrate that wide-angle x-ray scattering offers a possibility to study the changes in electron densities in nonperiodic complex systems, which renders it a suitable technique for the investigation of (bio)organic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Debnarova
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Improta R, Santoro F. Excited-State Behavior of trans and cis Isomers of Stilbene and Stiff Stilbene: A TD-DFT Study. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:10058-67. [PMID: 16838925 DOI: 10.1021/jp054250j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first part of the isomerization path on the two lowest excited states of trans and cis isomers of stilbene and stiff stilbene is investigated by means of TD-PBE0 calculations in the gas phase and in heptane solution. Solvent effects are taken into account by the PCM model. The excited-state optimized structures and the computed absorption and emission frequencies are in good agreement with the available experimental results. In all of the examined compounds, the isomerization process before barrier crossing occurs on the HOMO --> LUMO bright state, whereas the role played by other single-excitation states appears negligible. The relative energy barriers on the isomerization paths are consistent with the experimental excited-state lifetimes, suggesting a unifying picture of the isomerization process in stilbene-like molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Improta
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Biommagini del CNR, via Mezzocannone 6, I-80134 Napoli, Italy.
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