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Todescato F, Fortunati I, Minotto A, Signorini R, Jasieniak JJ, Bozio R. Engineering of Semiconductor Nanocrystals for Light Emitting Applications. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9080672. [PMID: 28773794 PMCID: PMC5510729 DOI: 10.3390/ma9080672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanocrystals are rapidly spreading into the display and lighting markets. Compared with liquid crystal and organic LED displays, nanocrystalline quantum dots (QDs) provide highly saturated colors, wide color gamut, resolution, rapid response time, optical efficiency, durability and low cost. This remarkable progress has been made possible by the rapid advances in the synthesis of colloidal QDs and by the progress in understanding the intriguing new physics exhibited by these nanoparticles. In this review, we provide support to the idea that suitably engineered core/graded-shell QDs exhibit exceptionally favorable optical properties, photoluminescence and optical gain, while keeping the synthesis facile and producing QDs well suited for light emitting applications. Solid-state laser emitters can greatly profit from QDs as efficient gain materials. Progress towards fabricating low threshold, solution processed DFB lasers that are optically pumped using one- and two-photon absorption is reviewed. In the field of display technologies, the exploitation of the exceptional photoluminescence properties of QDs for LCD backlighting has already advanced to commercial levels. The next big challenge is to develop the electroluminescence properties of QD to a similar state. We present an overview of QLED devices and of the great perspectives for next generation display and lighting technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Todescato
- Department of Chemical Science and U.R. INSTM, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova I-35131, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Fortunati
- Department of Chemical Science and U.R. INSTM, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova I-35131, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Minotto
- Department of Chemical Science and U.R. INSTM, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova I-35131, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Signorini
- Department of Chemical Science and U.R. INSTM, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova I-35131, Italy.
| | - Jacek J Jasieniak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Energy Materials and Systems Institute (MEMSI), Monash University, 22 Alliance Lane, Room 109, Clayton 3800, Australia.
| | - Renato Bozio
- Department of Chemical Science and U.R. INSTM, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova I-35131, Italy.
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Yadav S, Chowdhury A, Sapra S. Thickness-Dependent Charge Carrier Dynamics in CdSe/ZnSe/CdS Core/Barrier/Shell Nanoheterostructures. Chemphyschem 2015; 17:692-8. [PMID: 26511899 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Yadav
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Apurba Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Sameer Sapra
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
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Chen X, Li L, Lai Y, Yan J, Tang Y, Wang X. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Glutathione-Capped CdTe/CdSe Near-Infrared Quantum Dots for Cell Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11500-8. [PMID: 25997004 PMCID: PMC4463713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
These glutathione (GSH)-conjugated CdTe/CdSe core/shell quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles in aqueous solution were synthesized using a microwave-assisted approach. The prepared type II core/shell QD nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis absorption, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Results revealed that the QD nanoparticles exhibited good dispersity, a uniform size distribution and tunable fluorescence emission in the near-infrared (NIR) region. In addition, these nanoparticles exhibited good biocompatibility and photoluminescence in cell imaging. In particular, this type of core/shell NIR QDs may have potential applications in molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Chen
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai 200443, China.
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai 200443, China.
| | - Yongxian Lai
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai 200443, China.
| | - Jianna Yan
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai 200443, China.
| | - Yichen Tang
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai 200443, China.
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai 200443, China.
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Soni U, Pal A, Singh S, Mittal M, Yadav S, Elangovan R, Sapra S. Simultaneous type-I/type-II emission from CdSe/CdS/ZnSe nano-heterostructures. ACS NANO 2014; 8:113-23. [PMID: 24303910 DOI: 10.1021/nn404537s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Core/intermediate/shell (C/I/S) structures with Type-I emission are well-known and are gaining immense importance due to their superior luminescence properties. Here, we report a unique C/I/S structure composed of CdSe/CdS/ZnSe that exhibits both Type-I and Type-II phenomena. The structures have been well characterized using a combination of optical and structural techniques. The photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) data indicate the formation of a combined Type-I and Type-II structure in one material, results supported by simple theoretical calculations. Single particle fluorescence reveals colocalization of both the emissions. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results confirm the structure of these particles. The time-resolved fluorescence studies show the possibility of tuning the lifetime of these materials by changing the Type-I/Type-II thickness ratios. It is possible to form these two separate excitons in the same system separated by a CdS intermediate layer that acts both as a barrier and an active member of the Type-II system allowing the generation and recombination of two excitons, in violation of Kasha's rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udit Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Zhang L, Lin Z, Luo JW, Franceschetti A. The birth of a type-II nanostructure: carrier localization and optical properties of isoelectronically doped CdSe:Te nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2012; 6:8325-8334. [PMID: 22900638 DOI: 10.1021/nn303060r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CdTe/CdSe core/shell nanocrystals are the prototypical example of type-II nanoheterostructures, in which the electron and the hole wave functions are localized in different parts of the nanostructure. As the thickness of the CdSe shell increases above a few monolayers, the spectroscopic properties of such nanocrystals change dramatically, reflecting the underlying type-I → type-II transition. For example, the exciton Stokes shift and radiative lifetime increase, while the decreasing biexciton binding energy changes sign from positive to negative. Recent experimental results for CdSe nanocrystals isoelectronically doped with a few Te substitutional impurities, however, have revealed a very different dependence of the optical and electronic properties on the nanocrystal size. Here we use atomistic calculations based on the pseudopotential method for single-particle excitations and the configuration-interaction approach for many-particle excitations to investigate carrier localization and electronic properties of CdTe/CdSe nanocrystals as the size of the CdTe core decreases from a few nm (characteristic of core/shell CdTe/CdSe nanocrystals) to the single impurity limit. We find that the unusual spectroscopic properties of isoelectronically doped CdSe:Te nanocrystals can be rationalized in terms of the change in the localization volume of the electron and hole wave functions as the size of the nanocrystal increases. The size dependence of the exciton Stokes shift, exciton radiative lifetime, and biexciton binding energy reflects the extent of carrier localization around the Te impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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Bals S, Casavola M, van Huis MA, Van Aert S, Batenburg KJ, Van Tendeloo G, Vanmaekelbergh D. Three-dimensional atomic imaging of colloidal core-shell nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:3420-4. [PMID: 21786766 DOI: 10.1021/nl201826e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal core-shell semiconductor nanocrystals form an important class of optoelectronic materials, in which the exciton wave functions can be tailored by the atomic configuration of the core, the interfacial layers, and the shell. Here, we provide a trustful 3D characterization at the atomic scale of a free-standing PbSe(core)-CdSe(shell) nanocrystal by combining electron microscopy and discrete tomography. Our results yield unique insights for understanding the process of cation exchange, which is widely employed in the synthesis of core-shell nanocrystals. The study that we present is generally applicable to the broad range of colloidal heteronanocrystals that currently emerge as a new class of materials with technological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bals
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Sai LM, Kong XY. Microwave-assisted synthesis of water-dispersed CdTe/CdSe core/shell type II quantum dots. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:399. [PMID: 21711922 PMCID: PMC3211493 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A facile synthesis of mercaptanacid-capped CdTe/CdSe (core/shell) type II quantum dots in aqueous solution by means of a microwave-assisted approach is reported. The results of X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that the as-prepared CdTe/CdSe quantum dots had a core/shell structure with high crystallinity. The core/shell quantum dots exhibit tunable fluorescence emissions by controlling the thickness of the CdSe shell. The photoluminescent properties were dramatically improved through UV-illuminated treatment, and the time-resolved fluorescence spectra showed that there is a gradual increase of decay lifetime with the thickness of CdSe shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Man Sai
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Yang Kong
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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Amelia M, Font M, Credi A. Luminescence quenching in self-assembled adducts of [Ru(dpp)3]2+ complexes and CdTe nanocrystals. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:12083-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11054c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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9
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Liang GX, Gu MM, Zhang JR, Zhu JJ. Preparation and bioapplication of high-quality, water-soluble, biocompatible, and near-infrared-emitting CdSeTe alloyed quantum dots. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:415103. [PMID: 19762946 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/41/415103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A facile method is developed for the preparation of high-quality, water-soluble, and near-infrared (NIR)-emitting CdSeTe alloyed quantum dots (AQdots) with L-cysteine as the capping agent. By changing the size and the composition of AQdots the photoluminescent quantum yield (QY) can reach as high as 53% and the emission color can be tuned between visible and NIR regions (580-814 nm). Furthermore, the prepared NIR-emitting AQdots have been successfully applied for HL-60 cell imaging and glucose and cholesterol assay, which demonstrates the great potential of the AQdots for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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Zhang W, Chen G, Wang J, Ye BC, Zhong X. Design and Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Near-Infrared-Emitting Water-Soluble CdTe/CdSe/ZnS Core/Shell/Shell Quantum Dots. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:9723-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ic9010949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guanjiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xinhua Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Growth of near-IR luminescent colloidal CdTe/CdS nanoheterostructures based on CdTe tetrapods. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Yan XP. Aqueous layer-by-layer epitaxy of type-II CdTe/CdSe quantum dots with near-infrared fluorescence for bioimaging applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:185-189. [PMID: 19016250 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200800473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 (P. R. China)
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13
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Yu WW. Semiconductor quantum dots: synthesis and water-solubilization for biomedical applications. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008; 8:1571-81. [PMID: 18774924 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.8.10.1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantum dots (QDs) are generally nanosized inorganic particles. They have distinctive size-dependent optical properties due to their very small size (mostly < 10 nm). QDs are regarded as promising new fluorescent materials for biological labeling and imaging because of their superior properties compared with traditional organic molecular dyes. These properties include high quantum efficiency, long-term photostability and very narrow emission but broad absorption spectra. OBJECTIVE/METHODS Recent developments in synthesizing high quality semiconductor QDs (mainly metal-chalcogenide compounds) and forming biocompatible structures for biomedical applications are discussed in this paper. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS This information may facilitate the research to create new materials/technologies for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Yu
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA.
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Pan H, Cui R, Zhu JJ. CdTe Quantum Dots as Probes for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Biosensing Using Biocatalytic Growth of Au Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:16895-901. [DOI: 10.1021/jp807251k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongjing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
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Saunders AE, Koo B, Wang X, Shih CK, Korgel BA. Structural Characterization and Temperature-Dependent Photoluminescence of Linear CdTe/CdSe/CdTe Heterostructure Nanorods. Chemphyschem 2008; 9:1158-63. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Xia Y, Zhu C. Aqueous synthesis of type-II core/shell CdTe/CdSe quantum dots for near-infrared fluorescent sensing of copper(ii). Analyst 2008; 133:928-32. [DOI: 10.1039/b801963k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Doose S. Optical amplification from single excitons in colloidal quantum dots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2007; 3:1856-1858. [PMID: 17935081 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200700478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sören Doose
- Applied Laser Physics and Laser Spectroscopy, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Iyer G, Pinaud F, Tsay J, Li JJ, Bentolila LA, Michalet X, Weiss S. Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles: Peptide coated quantum dots for biological applications. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2006; 5:231-8. [PMID: 17181021 PMCID: PMC3074086 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2006.886563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDOTs) have been widely recognized by the scientific community and the biotechnology industry, as witnessed by the exponential growth of this field in the past several years. We describe the synthesis and characterization of visible and near infrared QDots--a critical step for engineering organic molecules like proteins and peptides for building nanocomposite materials with multifunctional properties suitable for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Iyer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fabien Pinaud
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - James Tsay
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jack J. Li
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Laurent A. Bentolila
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xavier Michalet
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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