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Yao Y, Zhang J, Kong W. Effects of aromatic molecules inside argon clusters on the formation of multiply charged atomic ions in moderately intense nanosecond laser fields. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:044307. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0096594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the effect of two molecular species, fluorene (C13H10) and 1, 3, 5-trichlorobenzene (C6H3Cl3, 3ClB), embedded in atomic argon clusters, on the generation of multiply charged atomic ions (MCAI) in moderately intense nanosecond laser fields at 532 nm. The near resonant-enhancement of two photon absorption in the two aromatic species produces only a few low charge state (+2) atomic ions in a neat molecular cluster, but enclosure of the same cluster with layers of Ar can significantly increase the charge state of MCAI. The yields of singly charged atomic ions from the molecular species, such as H+, C+, and Cl+, are positively correlated to the number of molecules inside an Ar cluster, but the yields of the MCAI and Ar+ demonstrate opposite behaviors. A higher number of aromatic molecules is actually detrimental to the production of Ar+ and of MCAI. Results of exponential fittings of the yields of MCAI at different laser intensities reveal a systematic change for the exponent of Ar+: with increasing concentrations of 3ClB in Ar clusters, the exponent decreases and eventually reaches the same value as those of MCAI. These results are consistent with our previous hypothesis that the formation mechanism of MCAI may be different from that of singly charged species, and that the strong resonance of Ar3+ may play an important role in the overall energy absorption. Moreover, the effect of the molecular core seems to change the formation mechanism of Ar+ to that of MCAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Yao
- Oregon State University, United States of America
| | - Jie Zhang
- Chemistry, Oregon State University, United States of America
| | - Wei Kong
- Chemistry, Oregon State University, United States of America
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Yao Y, Zhang J, Pandey R, Wu D, Kong W, Xue L. Intensity dependence of multiply charged atomic ions from argon clusters in moderate nanosecond laser fields. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:144301. [PMID: 34654315 DOI: 10.1063/5.0065086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the laser intensity dependence of multiply charged atomic ions (MCAIs) Arn+ with 2 ≤ n ≤ 8 from argon clusters in focused nanosecond laser fields at 532 nm. The laser field, in the range of 1011-1012 W/cm2, is insufficient for optical field ionization but is adequate for multiphoton ionization. The MCAI sections of the mass spectra for clusters containing 3700 and 26 000 atoms are dominated by Arn+ with 7 ≤ n ≤ 9, extending to Ar14+. While the distributions of the MCAIs remain largely constant throughout the intensity range of the laser, the abundance of Ar+ relative to the abundances of the MCAIs increases dramatically with increasing laser intensity. Consequently, exponential fittings of the yields result in a larger exponent for Ar+ than for MCAIs, and the exponents of MCAIs with 2 ≤ n ≤ 8 are similar, with only slight variations for different charge states. The width of the arrival time and, hence, the corresponding kinetic energy of Ar+ also increases with increasing laser intensities, while the width of the arrival time of MCAIs remains constant throughout the range of measurements. These results call for more detailed theoretical investigations in this regime of laser-matter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Rahul Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Lan Xue
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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3
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Das S, Sharma P, Singh R, Vatsa RK, Tripathi VK. Multiple ionisation and Coulomb explosion in terawatt photoexcitation of Xenon clusters: An experimental and theoretical study. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Michiels R, LaForge AC, Bohlen M, Callegari C, Clark A, von Conta A, Coreno M, Di Fraia M, Drabbels M, Finetti P, Huppert M, Oliver V, Plekan O, Prince KC, Stranges S, Svoboda V, Wörner HJ, Stienkemeier F. Time-resolved formation of excited atomic and molecular states in XUV-induced nanoplasmas in ammonia clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:7828-7834. [PMID: 32248221 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00669f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High intensity XUV radiation from a free-electron laser (FEL) was used to create a nanoplasma inside ammonia clusters with the intent of studying the resulting electron-ion interactions and their interplay with plasma evolution. In a plasma-like state, electrons with kinetic energy lower than the local collective Coulomb potential of the positive ionic core are trapped in the cluster and take part in secondary processes (e.g. electron-impact excitation/ionization and electron-ion recombination) which lead to subsequent excited and neutral molecular fragmentation. Using a time-delayed UV laser, the dynamics of the excited atomic and molecular states are probed from -0.1 ps to 18 ps. We identify three different phases of molecular fragmentation that are clearly distinguished by the effect of the probe laser on the ionic and electronic yield. We propose a simple model to rationalize our data and further identify two separate channels leading to the formation of excited hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert Michiels
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Aaron C LaForge
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Matthias Bohlen
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Carlo Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrew Clark
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanodynamics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aaron von Conta
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcello Coreno
- ISM-CNR, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, LD2 Unit, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Di Fraia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marcel Drabbels
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanodynamics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paola Finetti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Martin Huppert
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Veronica Oliver
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanodynamics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oksana Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Kevin C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Stranges
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, University Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy, and Tasc IOM-CNR, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Vít Svoboda
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Abstract
We report experimental observations of Coulomb explosion using a nanosecond laser at 532 nm with intensities less than 1012 W/cm2. We observe multiply charged atomic ions Arn+ (1 ≤ n ≤ 7) and Cn+ (1 ≤ n ≤ 4) from argon clusters doped with molecules containing aromatic chromophores. The yield of Arn+ depends on the size of the cluster, the number density, and the photostability of the dopant. We propose that resonant absorption of ArN+ achieves a high degree of ionization, and the highly positively charged cluster has the capability to strip electrons from the evaporating Ar+ on the surface of the cluster prior to Coulomb explosion, forming Arn+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
| | - Yuzhong Yao
- Department of Chemistry , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Chemistry , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
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Tracing photoionisation behaviour of methyl iodide in gas phase: From isolated molecule to molecular aggregate. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sharma P, Das S, Vatsa RK. Tailoring Ion Charge State Distribution in Tetramethyltin Clusters under Influence of Moderate Intensity Picosecond Laser Pulse: Role of Laser Wavelength and Rate of Energy Deposition. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:2361-2370. [PMID: 28733969 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Systematic manipulation of ionic-outcome in laser-cluster interaction process has been realized for studies carried out on tetramethyltin (TMT) clusters under picosecond laser conditions, determined by choice of laser wavelength and intensity. As a function of laser intensity, TMT clusters exhibit gradual enhancement in overall ionization of its cluster constituents, up to a saturation level of ionization, which was distinct for different wavelengths (266, 355, and 532 nm). Simultaneously, systematic appearance of higher multiply charged atomic ions and shift in relative abundance of multiply charged atomic ions towards higher charge state was observed, using time-of-flight mass spectrometer. At saturation level, multiply charged atomic ions up to (C2+, Sn2+) at 266 nm, (C4+, Sn4+) at 355 nm, and (C4+, Sn6+) at 532 nm were detected. In addition, at 355 nm intra-cluster ion chemistry within the ionized cluster leads to generation of molecular hydrogen ion (H2+) and triatomic molecular hydrogen ion (H3+). Generation of multiply charged atomic ions is ascribed to efficient coupling of laser pulse with the cluster media, facilitated by inner-ionized electrons produced within the cluster, at the leading edge of laser pulse. Role of inner-ionized electrons is authenticated by measuring kinetic energy distribution of electrons liberated upon disintegration of excessively ionized cluster, under the influence of picosecond laser pulse. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Sharma
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, 400 085, India.
| | - Soumitra Das
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - Rajesh K Vatsa
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, 400 085, India
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Badani P, Das S, Sharma P, Vatsa RK. Mass spectrometric and charge density studies of organometallic clusters photoionized by gigawatt laser pulses. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:188-212. [PMID: 25962722 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Clusters on exposure to nanosecond laser pulses of gigawatt intensity exhibit a variety of photo-chemical processes such as fragmentation, intracluster reaction, ionization, Coulomb explosion, etc. Present article summarizes the experimental results obtained in our laboratory utilizing time-of-flight mass spectrometer which deal with one such aspect of cluster photochemistry related to generation of multiply charged atomic ions upon excessive ionization of cluster constituents (Coulomb explosion) at low intensity laser field (∼109 W/cm2 ). To understand the mechanism of laser-cluster interaction, laser as well as cluster parameters were varied. Mass spectrometric studies were carried out at different laser wavelength as well as varying the nature of cluster constituents, backup pressure, nozzle diameter, etc. In addition, charge density measurements were also preformed to get information about the total number of ions generated upon laser-cluster interaction as a function of laser wavelength. In case of pure molecular clusters, the charge state of atomic ions as well as charge density was observed to enhance with increasing laser wavelength, signifying efficient coupling of the cluster medium with nanosecond laser pulse at longer wavelength. While in case of clusters doped with species having comparatively lower ionization energy, the efficiency of laser-cluster interaction was less, in contrast to studies carried out using femtosecond lasers. Results obtained in the present work have been rationalized on the basis of proposed three-stage cluster ionization mechanism, that is, multiphoton ionization ignited-inverse Bremsstrahlung heating and electron ionization. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev. 36:188-212, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purav Badani
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - Soumitra Das
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - Pramod Sharma
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Vatsa
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India
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Wang W, Zhao W, Hua L, Hou K, Li H. Dependence of multiply charged ions on the polarization state in nanosecond laser-benzene cluster interaction. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sharma P, Das S, Vatsa RK. Role of electron heating in efficient interaction of a nanosecond laser with the cluster media: a case study on tetrahydrofuran cluster system. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14226e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction of tetrahydrofuran clusters with nanosecond laser pulses has been investigated at 532 and 1064 nm, using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer and home-built electron analyzer setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Sharma
- Chemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400 085
- India
| | - Soumitra Das
- Chemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400 085
- India
| | - Rajesh K. Vatsa
- Chemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400 085
- India
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Tang B, Zhao W, Wang W, Hua L, Chen P, Hou K, Huang Y, Li H. Ellipticity-dependent of multiple ionisation methyl iodide cluster using 532 nm nanosecond laser. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1127442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tang
- Guangxi Grid Electric Power Research Institute, Nanning, P R China
| | - Wuduo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P R China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P R China
| | - Lei Hua
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P R China
| | - Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P R China
| | - Keyong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P R China
| | - Yunguang Huang
- Guangxi Grid Electric Power Research Institute, Nanning, P R China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P R China
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Sharma P, Das S, Vatsa RK. Efficient coupling of nanosecond laser pulses with the cluster medium: Generation of hydrogen-like [C](5+) atomic ions. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:45-53. [PMID: 25462362 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Clusters exhibit diverse photochemical behavior as a function of laser parameters, i.e. wavelength, pulse duration and intensity. One such aspect of cluster photochemistry is the generation of energetic multiply charged atomic ions, upon efficient interaction of clusters with intense laser pulses. In the present work, mass spectrometric investigations have been carried out on clusters of tetrahydrofuran (THF, C4 H8 O) - a saturated cyclic ether - subjected to nanosecond laser pulse (spanning from UV to IR wavelength range) with the aim of shedding light on the complex mechanism of laser-cluster interactions, which is still ambiguous. METHODS THF clusters, generated via supersonic expansion of room-temperature THF vapours seeded in argon, were subjected to gigawatt intensity laser pulses (355, 532 and 1064 nm) obtained from a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser. The ions generated upon laser-cluster interaction were characterized using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. RESULTS At 355 nm, THF clusters exhibit the usual multiphoton dissociation/ionization behavior while, at 532 nm, observation of multiply charged atomic ions of carbon (up to [C](4+) ) and oxygen (up to [O](3+) ) was ascribed to Coulomb explosion of THF clusters. For studies carried out at 1064 nm, multiply charged atomic ions of carbon up to [C](5+) having an ionization energy of ~392 eV were observed, at a laser intensity of 10(10) W/cm(2) . CONCLUSIONS The observation of [C](5+) atomic ions signifies efficient coupling of the laser energy with the cluster medium, using a nanosecond laser pulse. The results have been rationalized on the basis of a three-stage cluster ionization mechanism, suggesting the crucial role of the threshold laser intensity for initiating ionization within the cluster and generation of optimum charge centers for efficient extraction of energy from the laser pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Sharma
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India
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Das S, Sharma P, Badani PM, Vatsa RK. Ionisation of methyl iodide clusters using nanosecond laser pulses: detection of multiply charged positive ions, negative ions and energetic electrons. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl iodide clusters have been ionised using laser pulses of intensity ∼109 W cm−2 at 266, 355, 532 and 1064 nm and the ions produced in the laser–cluster interaction were analysed with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Das
- Chemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400085
- India
| | - Pramod Sharma
- Chemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400085
- India
| | - Purav M. Badani
- Chemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400085
- India
| | - Rajesh K. Vatsa
- Chemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400085
- India
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Das S, Badani PM, Sharma P, Vatsa RK. Diverse photochemical behavior of dibromodifluoromethane (CF2Br2) monomer and cluster under gigawatt intensity laser fields. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40703a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Das S, Badani PM, Sharma P, Vatsa RK. Size and wavelength dependent photoionisation of xenon clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhao W, Wang W, Qu P, Hou K, Li H. Multiple ionization of CH3I clusters by nanosecond laser: Electron energy distribution and formation mechanism of multiply charged ions. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Karras G, Kosmidis C. Multi-electron dissociative ionization of clusters under picosecond and femtosecond laser irradiation: the case of alkyl-halide clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:12147-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41887h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Das S, Badani PM, Sharma P, Vatsa RK, Das D, Majumder A, Das AK. Multiphoton ionization and Coulomb explosion of C2H5Br clusters: a mass spectrometric and charge density study. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:1028-1036. [PMID: 21452379 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Using time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS), laser-induced photochemistry of ethyl bromide clusters has been investigated at three different wavelengths (viz. 266, 355 and 532 nm) utilizing nanosecond laser pulses of ~5 × 10(9) W/cm(2). An interesting finding of the present work is the observation of multiply charged atomic ions of carbon and bromine at 355 and 532 nm, arising from the Coulomb explosion of (C(2)H(5)Br)(n) clusters. At 266 nm, however, the (C(2)H(5)Br)(n) clusters were found to exhibit the usual multiphoton dissociation/ionization behaviour. The TOFMS studies are complemented by measuring the total charge density of the ionized volume at 266, 355 and 532 nm, using the parallel plate method, and the charge densities were found to be ~2 × 10(9), 6 × 10(9) and 2 × 10(11) charges/cm(3), respectively. The significantly higher charge density and the presence of energetic, multiply charged atomic ions at 532 nm are explained by the higher ponderomotive energy of the 532 nm photon, coupled with the Coulomb stability of the residual multiply charged ethyl bromide clusters generated upon laser irradiation, due to their larger effective cluster size at 532 nm than at 355 and 266 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Das
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India
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Karras G, Kosmidis C. Angular distribution anisotropy of fragments ejected from methyl iodide clusters: Dependence on fs laser intensity. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang N, Wang W, Zhao W, Han F, Li H. Multiply ionization of diethyl ether clusters by 532nm nanosecond laser: The influence of laser intensity and the electron energy distribution. Chem Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Coulomb explosion of methyl iodide clusters using giga watt laser pulses in the visible region: Effect of wavelength, polarisation and doping. J CHEM SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-009-0125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Multiply ionization of benzene clusters by a nanosecond laser: Distributions of the ion charge state and the electron energy. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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