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Patra S, Pranudta A, Chanlek N, Nguyen TT, Nhat NH, El-Moselhy MM, Padungthon S. Denitrification of nitrate in regeneration waste brine using hybrid cation exchanger supported nanoscale zero-valent iron with/without palladium nanoparticles. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136851. [PMID: 36244425 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals require that reducing waste is a priority. This work described the application of an innovative zero-waste hybrid ion exchange nanotechnology that concurrently removed nitrate and induced denitrification to ammonia, with the ability to generate fertilizer for the agriculture sector from the recycled by-products. Herein, hybrid cation exchanger-supported zero-valent iron (Fe0), and bimetallic Fe0/Pd nanoparticles (HCIX-Fe0 and HCIX-Fe0/Pd) were synthesized and successfully validated for denitrification of nitrate in spent waste brine that contained nitrate. The kinetics of nitrate catalysis by both HCIX-Fe0 and HCIX-Fe0/Pd were compared and presented by six kinetic models, namely, zero-order, pseudo first- and second-order reaction, pseudo first- and second-order adsorption, and Elovich. HCIX-Fe0/Pd displayed a higher kinetic value than HCIX-Fe0, with k1 of 0.0019 and 0.0026 min-1, respectively. Nitrate was predominantly catalysed to NH4+ at a ratio of ammonia to other nitrogen compounds of around 80:20. Although HCIX-Fe0/Pd showed slightly better (14%) kinetic results, it was determined as unfavourable for real-life application due to low selectivity toward N2 gas and the need to use H2 gas. Based on practicability, the HCIX-Fe0 was further validated. The effect of salt (using NaCl) and the role of initial pH conditions were optimized and discussed. The recovery of nitrate removal was also calculated, and a recovery range of 91.42-99.14% was obtained for three consecutive runs. The sustainable, novel, zero waste hybrid ion exchange nanotechnology using the combination of two fixed-bed columns containing nitrate-selective resin for nitrate removal and novel HCIX-Fe0 for nitrate reduction to NH4+ may be a promising sustainable solution toward the goal of discharging zero nitrate waste to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Patra
- Advanced Functional Nanomaterials & Membrane for Environmental Remediation (AFMER) Research Unit, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Antika Pranudta
- Advanced Functional Nanomaterials & Membrane for Environmental Remediation (AFMER) Research Unit, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Narong Chanlek
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Trung Thanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Technology, Engineering, and Environment, An Giang University, Long Xuyen City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Hong Nhat
- Faculty of Technology, Engineering, and Environment, An Giang University, Long Xuyen City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Surapol Padungthon
- Advanced Functional Nanomaterials & Membrane for Environmental Remediation (AFMER) Research Unit, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Synthesis of Polyketone Anion Ion Exchange Fibers by Paal-Knorr Reaction and Its Physico-Chemical Properties. Macromol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Li J, Koner S, German M, SenGupta AK. Aluminum-Cycle Ion Exchange Process for Hardness Removal: A New Approach for Sustainable Softening. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:11943-11950. [PMID: 27696832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
From a sustainability viewpoint, sodium exchange softening, although used widely, is under scrutiny due to its production of excess Na-laden spent regenerant and subsequent discharge to the environment. Many arid regions are introducing regulations disallowing dumping of concentrated sodium salts, the residuals from popular Na-exchange softening. The sodium content of the softened water is, also, always higher than in the feed, which poses a dietary health concern when used for drinking or cooking. An efficient, easy-to-operate hardness removal process with reduced sodium in both the treated water and in the spent regenerant is an unmet global need. Use of a cation exchange resin in Al3+-form for hardness removal, that is, exchange of divalent Ca2+ or Mg2+ with trivalent Al3+, is counterintuitive, and this is particularly so, because the aluminum ion to be exchanged has higher affinity than calcium. Nevertheless, ion exchange accompanied by precipitation of aluminum hydroxide allows progress of the cation exchange reaction leading to hardness removal. Experimental results demonstrated that calcium can be consistently removed for multiple cycles using a stoichiometric amount of AlCl3 as the regenerant. The process essentially operates at the maximum possible thermodynamic efficiency: removal of one equivalent of Ca2+ corresponds to use of one equivalent of Al3+ as a regenerant. During the Al-cycle process there is no increase in Na+ concentration and partial reduction in the total dissolved solids (TDS) of the treated water. It is noteworthy that the ion-exchange resin used, components of the fixed-bed column and operational protocol are nearly the same as traditional softening processes on Na-cycle. Thus, existing Na-cycle systems can be retrofitted into Al-cycle operation without major difficulty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Li
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Lehigh University , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Suman Koner
- Jalpaiguri Govt. Engineering College , Civil Engineering Department, Jalpaiguri 735102, India
| | - Michael German
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Lehigh University , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Arup K SenGupta
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Lehigh University , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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Zare MA, Husain SW, Tehrani MS, Azar PA. Pentaazatetraethylene supported polyacrylamide (PAA-N5) as a novel adsorbent for the efficient removal of industrial dyes from aqueous solutions: adsorption isotherms and kinetics. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1806-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Padungthon S, German M, Wiriyathamcharoen S, SenGupta AK. Polymeric anion exchanger supported hydrated Zr(IV) oxide nanoparticles: A reusable hybrid sorbent for selective trace arsenic removal. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Greenleaf JE, SenGupta AK. Carbon Dioxide Regeneration of Ion Exchange Resins and Fibers: A Review. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2012.686859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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