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Ran G, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Li J, Chen J. The Association Between Child Abuse and Aggressive Behavior: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:3461-3475. [PMID: 36366739 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221129596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Child abuse is considered to be an essential factor in the development of aggressive behavior. The intensity of the positive relations between child abuse and aggressive behavior differed considerably among researches despite the fact that abundant studies have observed this relation. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach, a three-level meta-analysis was employed to obtain reliable estimates for the sizes of effects and investigate some potential moderators of the relation between child abuse and aggressive behavior. The present study obtained 51 studies (30,566 participants; 680 effect sizes) through performing the detailed literature search. It was found that child abuse was positively associated with aggressive behavior in the current study. In addition, the present meta-analysis observed significant moderating effects for type of child abuse, culture, measurement of child abuse, and publication year in the association between child abuse and aggressive behavior. This study suggests that child abuse is a predictor for the development of aggressive behavior in humans. Moreover, child abuse is an important aspect for consideration in efforts toward strengthening of interventions targeting individuals' aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Ran
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Qiongzhi Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Preschool and Primary Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
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Hales G, Debowska A, Rowe R, Boduszek D, Levita L. Comparison of Person-Centered and Cumulative Risk Approaches in Explaining the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Behavioral and Emotional Problems. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:8065-8087. [PMID: 36762518 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231153877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) commonly co-occur, and researchers often estimate their impact using a cumulative risk approach. The person-centered approach offers another approach to operationalize the co-occurrence of ACEs. This study aims to estimate latent classes of ACEs in a sample of U.K. children, examine their relationship with emotional and behavioral problems, and compare the explanatory value of the latent classes to cumulative risk scores. Data were collected among a general population sample of British 10-year-old children extracted from the U.K. Household Longitudinal Study (N = 601). Seven items characterized ACEs, comprising parent-report physical discipline, emotional abuse, supervisory neglect, maternal psychological distress, child-report parental educational disinterest, bullying victimization, and adverse neighborhood. Outcome measures were derived from the self-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire including total difficulties, emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, and prosocial behavior. Latent class analysis resulted in a three-class solution: low ACEs, household challenges, and community challenges. Compared to the other classes, the community challenges class scored substantially worse on total difficulties, emotional symptoms, and peer subscales. The cumulative risk score was associated with all outcomes except prosocial behavior. Cumulative risk models accounted for a larger proportion of variance compared with the latent class models, except for peer problems which the person-centered model explained better. This study confirms that ACEs are associated with impairment in child functioning, and that both person-centered and cumulative risk approaches can capture this relationship well. Specifically, the person-centered approach demonstrated how co-occurring risk factors in the community challenges class produced particularly poor internalizing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hales
- University of Chester, UK
- University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Agata Debowska
- University of Sheffield, UK
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Daniel Boduszek
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warszawa, Poland
- University of Huddersfield, UK
| | - Liat Levita
- University of Sheffield, UK
- University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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Poirson L, Robin M, Shadili G, Lamothe J, Corruble E, Gressier F, Essadek A. Male Victims of Sexual Abuse: Impact and Resilience Processes, a Qualitative Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1868. [PMID: 37444703 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of sexual abuse calls for exceptional awareness of its multidimensional impact on the mental, sexual, and social wellbeing of male adults. This study aims to deepen the overall understanding of sexual abuse consequences; to highlight some common resilience factors; and to strengthen therapeutic and social support. In this qualitative research, we conducted seven semi-structured interviews with male victims of sexual violence. The data were analysed with the interpretative phenomenological analysis. They shed light on the great suffering linked to sexual violence, and on seven themes which are seemingly pillars of resilience: bond to others, bond to the body, making sense of things, expression, rediscovering oneself, institutions, and finally, learning and commitment. The exploration of these themes reveals several avenues for adjusting care, most of which imply the importance of raising awareness so that spaces receiving the victims' word can emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Poirson
- Interpsy Laboratory, University of Lorraine, 54015 Nancy, France
| | - Marion Robin
- Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Psychiatry, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 75014 Paris, France
- CESP, INSERM U1178, Team PsyDev, University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 94275 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Faculty of Health, University Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Gérard Shadili
- Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Psychiatry, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 75014 Paris, France
- Faculty of Health, University Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Josianne Lamothe
- School of Social Work, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Corruble
- Department of Psychiatry, Bicêtre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- CESP, INSERM U1018, Moods Team, Faculté de Médecine Paris Saclay, University Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Florence Gressier
- Department of Psychiatry, Bicêtre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- CESP, INSERM U1018, Moods Team, Faculté de Médecine Paris Saclay, University Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Aziz Essadek
- Interpsy Laboratory, University of Lorraine, 54015 Nancy, France
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Joseph DD, Jones AD. Understanding Violence Against Women in the Caribbean Through an Exploration of Men's Perspectives. Violence Against Women 2023; 29:1005-1023. [PMID: 35942694 PMCID: PMC9950591 DOI: 10.1177/10778012221104845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Qualitative research with 60 males (16-80 years) from two Caribbean countries was carried out to explore men's perspectives on domestic violence (DV). An inductive latent/thematic approach to data analysis supported by analytic software led to five key domains being identified: (1) meanings of violence; (2) patrinormative culture; (3) normalization of violence; (4) male victimization; and (5) blame attribution and empathy. Patriarchal values, together with childhood exposure to violence, were found to reduce empathic capacity and contribute to the normalization of DV. In addition, the minimization of male victimization and the lack of behavior-change support services for men were identified as contributory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adele D Jones
- The University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK,Adele D. Jones, Department of Behavioural
Sciences, The University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
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Liverpool S, Draoui Y, Tucker J, Pereira B, Prescod J, Owen M, Trotman C. Factors associated with children and young people's mental health in the English-speaking Caribbean region: Systematic review and narrative synthesis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282666. [PMID: 36888635 PMCID: PMC9994705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies conducted in regions consisting of low and middle income and developing countries often report high prevalence of mental health problems among children and young people (CYP). To identify some of the contributing factors we examined the available evidence from research in one such setting. METHODS Multiple academic databases and grey literature sources were searched until January 2022. We then identified primary research focusing on CYP's mental health in the English-speaking Caribbean region. Data was extracted and summarized to form a narrative synthesis of the factors associated with CYP's mental health. The synthesis was then organised according to the social-ecological model. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tools were used to examine the quality of the reviewed evidence. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021283161. RESULTS From 9684 records, 83 publications representing CYP ages 3 to 24 years from 13 countries met our inclusion criteria. The evidence was varied in quality, quantity and consistency for 21 factors associated with CYP's mental health. Adverse events and negative peer to peer and sibling relationships were consistently associated with mental health problems, while helpful coping strategies were associated with better mental health. There were mixed findings for age, sex/gender, race/ethnicity, academic level, comorbidity, positive affect, health risks behaviours, religion/prayer, parent history, parent to parent and parent to child relationships, school/employment, geography and social status. There was also some limited evidence for associations between sexuality, screen time and policies/procedures and CYP's mental health. At least 40% of the evidence contributing to each of the factors was judged as high quality. CONCLUSION Individual, relationship, community and societal factors may influence CYP's mental health outcomes in the English-speaking Caribbean. Knowledge of these factors is useful to inform early identification and early interventions. More research is needed to explore inconsistent findings and understudied areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Liverpool
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yasmin Draoui
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Judea Tucker
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Brent Pereira
- Department of Counselor Education, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jamal Prescod
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, St Michael, Barbados
| | - Michael Owen
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Trotman
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, St Michael, Barbados
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Cénat JM, Dalexis RD, Clorméus LA, Lafontaine MF, Guerrier M, Michel G, Hébert M. Lifetime and Child Sexual Violence, Risk Factors and Mental Health Correlates Among a Nationally Representative Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults in Haiti: A Public Health Emergency. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:2778-2805. [PMID: 35576436 PMCID: PMC9850395 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221102484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Very little is known in Haiti and the Caribbean regarding child and lifetime sexual victimization. Using a nationally representative sample of adolescents and young adults aged 15-24, this study aimed to document the prevalence, risk factors and mental health correlates of lifetime and child sexual violence in Haiti. A national cross-sectional surrvey was conducted in Haiti, using a multistage sampling frame, stratified by geographical department, urban or rural setting, gender, and age groups (15-19 and 20-24 years). The final sample included 3586 household participants (47.6% female). A weighted sample of 3945 individuals was obtained and used in the following analyses. Overall rate of lifetime and child sexual violence was, respectively, 27.44% (95% CI 25.94-28.94) and 11.27% (95% CI 10.18-12.35). Lifetime sexual violence rate was significantly higher among female participants (29.02%; 95% CI 27.5-30.55) compared to male (25.73%, 95% CI 24.26-27.2), χ2 = 4.63, p < .05, but there was no significant gender difference for child sexual victimization. Experiences of family physical violence, emotional abuse by mother and father, divorce of parents, and other physical violence were strongly associated with higher odds of sexual victimization. Participants who reported having experienced sexual violence are more at risk to meet criteria of PTSD (OR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.66-2.32; p < .0001), depression (OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.47-2.02; p < .0001), psychological distress (OR =1.72, 95% CI 1.47-2.02; p < .0001), and substance abuse (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.13-1.57; p < .0001). Findings demonstrate that sexual violence is a public health emergency in Haiti. They provide evidence for the development of prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rose Darly Dalexis
- Interdisciplinary School of Health
Sciences, University
of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Martine Hébert
- Department of Sexology,
Université du
Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Filkin S, Mojtahedi D, Willmott D. Motivations for adolescent offending and truancy from school: retrospective interviews with adults recently released from a custodial prison sentence in England. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09762. [PMID: 35785231 PMCID: PMC9243165 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Leiding D, Kaiser F, Hüpen P, Kirchhart R, Puiu AA, Steffens M, Bergs R, Habel U. Lifetime Prevalence of Victimization and Perpetration as Related to Men's Health: Clinical Insights. Front Psychol 2022; 13:762079. [PMID: 35369152 PMCID: PMC8965285 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.762079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Violence is a known risk factor for health problems. In this epidemiological study across 5,385 male patients, we investigate the prevalence of perpetrated violence, exposure to violence, their overlap and the relationship between violence, mental, and psychosomatic health, as well as adverse health behaviors, such as self-harming behavior and the consumption of drugs. Participants completed an anonymous questionnaire addressing violence experience (i.e., both expose and perpetration), age of victimization/perpetration, frequency, and perceived severity of violence exposure. We considered physical, psychological as well as sexual violence. Information on health status and adverse health behaviors complemented the data. Results showed that 48.4% of the sample reported having experienced violence (perpetration, victimization, or both). The victim-perpetrator overlap formed the largest group, in which the incidence of having experienced multiple types of violence was significantly higher compared to victims and perpetrators. The age-crime curve flattened more slowly with increasing age in this group. Although the perceived severity of exposure to violence is lower in the overlap group, its health status and adverse health behaviors were worse. Interventions should focus on this group since they constitute a burden for the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Leiding
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Kaiser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Philippa Hüpen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ramona Kirchhart
- Center for Ambulant Psychotherapy, Röher Parkklinik, Eschweiler, Germany
| | - Andrei Alexandru Puiu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marion Steffens
- GESINE Netzwerk Gesundheit.EN/Frauen helfen Frauen EN e.V., Schwelm, Germany
| | - Rene Bergs
- Center for Vocational Training, Berufsförderungswerk Düren GmbH, Düren, Germany
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, Translation Brain Medicine, Jülich, Germany
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Liverpool S, Pereira B, Pollard M, Prescod J, Trotman C. Children and young people's mental health in the English-speaking Caribbean: a scoping review and evidence map. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2021; 15:82. [PMID: 34969383 PMCID: PMC8719385 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Internationally, there is a wealth of research suggesting that many children and young people experience mental health problems. However, the evidence from low- and middle-income countries and developing nations is generally limited. This scoping review aimed to add to the body of evidence by providing an overview of the available research literature on children and young people's (CYP's) mental health in the English-speaking Caribbean region. Seven key online academic databases and grey literature sources were searched until January 2021. Records were screened against predefined criteria and suitable articles retrieved. Relevant information was then charted and summarized. All stages of the review were informed by expert consultations. Ninety-six articles from 7901 records met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies were conducted in Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago and Barbados while fewer studies reported findings from St Lucia, The Bahamas and St Kitts and Nevis. Research funding was not frequently reported, and participants were predominantly recruited in education settings. There was a substantial focus on depressive symptoms and behaviour problems. Little or no research was available for younger children (< 12), complex clinical cases or commonly under-represented groups. Four unique interventions were identified of which one intervention showed no significant impact on CYP. Among the commonly used outcome measures only the Jamaican Youth Checklist (teacher-reported), Beck Depression Inventory-II, Brief Screen for Depression, Trinidad and Tobago Youth Survey and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory had evidence for psychometric validity within this population. We discuss future directions, implications and recommendations for research, practice, policy and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Liverpool
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK. .,Evidence Based Practice Unit, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Brent Pereira
- grid.430499.30000 0004 5312 949XDepartment of Counselor Education, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, USA
| | - Malika Pollard
- grid.412886.10000 0004 0592 769XFaculty of Social Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Wanstead, Barbados
| | - Jamal Prescod
- grid.412886.10000 0004 0592 769XFaculty of Social Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Wanstead, Barbados
| | - Catherine Trotman
- grid.412886.10000 0004 0592 769XFaculty of Social Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Wanstead, Barbados
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Sharratt K, Panicker A, Banerjee R, Mason SJ, Jones A, Varma B, Patil P, Wager N. Profiles of abuse and neglect and the association with mental health indicators among a large sample of boys and girls from India. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 122:105354. [PMID: 34634525 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child abuse and neglect (CAN) is a major public health concern, but limited data are available on the occurrence, co-occurrence, and correlates of these phenomena outside Western societies. OBJECTIVES The first aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of CAN across two settings (inside and outside the home) among children and adolescents in Mumbai, India. Another aim was to use latent class analysis (LCA) to identify meaningful profiles of maltreatment, and to examine how class membership is associated with mental wellbeing. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Self-report data was collected from males (n = 4454; Mage = 12.77 years) and females (n = 3850; Mage = 12.87) at secondary schools. RESULTS Four latent classes of maltreatment were identified among males, including 'low victimisation' (50.4% of participants), 'intra-familial non-sexual abuse' (34.6%), 'intra- and extra- familial non-sexual abuse' (10.2%), and 'poly-victimisation' (4.8%). Among females, three latent classes were identified including, 'low victimisation' (68.1%), 'intra-familial non-sexual abuse' (28.8%), and 'poly-victimisation' (3.0%). Compared to the 'low victimisation' class, children in the abuse classes demonstrated higher levels of anxiety and depression and increased odds of self-injurious thoughts and behaviours. These associations were augmented for girls relative to boys. CONCLUSION There were very few maltreated children who were subjected to just one form of CAN and experiencing co-occurring patterns of abuse and neglect was associated with indicators of poor mental health, especially among girls. These findings highlight the complexity of the situation and will inform policy makers, health professionals and school counsellors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Panicker
- University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Adele Jones
- University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Nadia Wager
- University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
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Haahr-Pedersen I, Hyland P, Hansen M, Perera C, Spitz P, Bramsen RH, Vallières F. Patterns of childhood adversity and their associations with internalizing and externalizing problems among at-risk boys and girls. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 121:105272. [PMID: 34438263 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different types of childhood adversity often cluster and overlap, underlining the importance of studying likely patterns of adversity co-occurrences and their impact on child functioning. Further sex-specific investigations of adversity co-occurrences and their associations with child mental health are warranted. OBJECTIVE To investigate if different sex-specific patterns of childhood adversity exist among at risk-children living in Denmark and to explore if divergent constellations of adversity are differentially associated with externalizing and internalizing problems. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants (N = 2198) were a sample of children ages 1-17 who have been in contact with the Danish child protection system due to suspected child abuse. The study included existing data collected as a part of child case procedures. METHOD Latent class analysis was used to identify patterns of adversity co-occurrences among girls and boys, respectively. Inter-class differences on age and child mental health were assessed using ANOVAs. RESULTS Greater variation and complexity in adversity exposure was found among girls (5 classes) compared to boys (3 classes). The female classes differed on age (p < .001, η2 = 0.06), internalizing (p < .001, η2 = 0.05), and externalizing problems (p = .002, η2 = 0.02). The male classes differed on internalizing (p < .001, η2 = 0.02) and externalizing problems (p < .001, η2 = 0.04). Overall, classes characterized by multiple adversities displayed higher scores of mental health problems compared to less exposed classes. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to multiple adversities is common among at-risk children. Information on different sex-specific patterns of adversity co-occurrences can guide intervention planning for affected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Haahr-Pedersen
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Ireland; ThRIVE, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; The Danish Children Centre for the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Philip Hyland
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Maj Hansen
- ThRIVE, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Camila Perera
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pernille Spitz
- The Danish Children Centre for the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Frédérique Vallières
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Ireland.
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Dodson TS, Beck JG. Using Social Support Matter in the Association of Post-Traumatic Cognitions and Perceived Social Support? Comparison of Female Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence With and Without a History of Child Abuse. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP11674-NP11694. [PMID: 31771401 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519888529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The association between high levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and low levels of perceived social support is well-documented in the trauma literature; research on processes that may underlie this association is less common. The current study examined negative attitudes about using social support as a potential link between negative post-traumatic cognitions about the world and self, one aspect of PTSD, and perceived social support in two groups of female survivors of intimate partner violence: those who had a history of child abuse (n = 153; IPV/CA+) and those who did not (n = 96; IPV/CA-). Negative attitudes about using social support were found to be an important link between negative post-traumatic cognitions and social support for both groups. IPV survivors with a history of child abuse had higher levels of negative post-traumatic cognitions about the world (d = .32) and self (d = .33), greater negative attitudes about using social support (d = .35), and lower perceived social support from family (d = .48), compared with IPV survivors without a history of child abuse. These results support the relevance of negative attitudes about using social support as one important factor in the relationship between PTSD symptoms and social support in interpersonal trauma survivors and highlight the impact that negative attitudes about using social support can have on the trauma survivor's functioning.
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13
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Relational adverse childhood experiences questionnaire: development and retrospective validation among young Iranian people. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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14
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Jones AD. Child Sexual Abuse as Lifespan Trauma Within the Context of Intimate Partner Violence: Experiences of Caribbean Women. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2021; 6:623661. [PMID: 34046447 PMCID: PMC8144712 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2021.623661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: There is a dearth of research which explores sexual abuse from perspectives of Caribbean women, despite its high prevalence in the region. While sexual violence is universal, tackling it requires a deep understanding of the contextual specificities in which it arises and of the intersections of gender with other sources of oppression and marginalisation. It also calls for the recognition that intimate partner violence against women is not separate from, but linked to violence against girls, not only because both are forms of gender-based violence but because together they speak to its historical, persistent and accumulative effects. Methods: In-depth intensive interviews were carried out with 35 women from Barbados and Grenada, aged 18-60 years who had experienced intimate partner violence under one of the following circumstances: during pregnancy (n = 15), as a woman a with disability (n = 8), as a woman living with HIV (n = 12). Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and thematically analyzed. Results: The participants experienced multiple forms of violence within their relationships, often concurrently. Twenty-one of the women had been subject to sexual violence and of these, 19 had experienced sexual abuse as children; these experiences were viewed as interconnected and bolstered by the high level of violence-acceptance reported within communities. Women were subject to different forms of control by their partners depending upon prevailing discourses related to their circumstances (as pregnant, disabled, or HIV positive); being 'vulnerable' was synonymous with having one's agency as an independent, autonomous person constrained and little external help was available. Conclusion: The study identified a clear chain of sexual behaviors, each of which fuel different layers of the problem: the prevalence of early sexualization of children is associated with the prevalence of child sexual abuse; child sexual abuse is pervasive in large part, because of the normalisation and social acceptance of violence against women and girls; "cultural" normalcy, in turn, fuels attitudes which contribute to sexual violence against women and women in especially vulnerable circumstances face additional risks. Integrated policy, which tackles these as interconnected issues is called for.
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Boduszek D, Debowska A, Ochen EA, Fray C, Nanfuka EK, Powell-Booth K, Turyomurugyendo F, Nelson K, Harvey R, Willmott D, Mason SJ. Prevalence and correlates of non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt among children and adolescents: Findings from Uganda and Jamaica. J Affect Disord 2021; 283:172-178. [PMID: 33556751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide are major public health concerns, but limited data are available on the prevalence and correlates of these problems in developing countries. The aim of this study is to describe experiences of three suicidal phenomena (NSSI, suicidal ideation [SI], and suicide attempt [SA]) among children and adolescents from two developing countries. We also examine how depression, anxiety, sleep problems, child maltreatment, and other socio-demographic variables associate with the risk of NSSI only, SI only, SA only, and co-occurring NSSI/SI/SA. METHODS We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of school-based Ugandan and Jamaican children and adolescents. Participants were 11,518 (52.4% female) Ugandan and 7,182 (60.8% female) Jamaican youths aged 9-17 years. RESULTS The estimated lifetime prevalence of NSSI, SI, and SA was 25.5%, 25.6%, and 12.8% respectively among Ugandan boys and 23.2%, 32.5%, and 15.3% respectively among Ugandan girls. As for the Jamaican sample, the estimated lifetime prevalence of NSSI, SI, and SA was 21%, 27.7%, and 11.9% respectively among boys and 32.6%, 48.6%, and 24.7% respectively among girls. The odds of experiencing SI only, SA only, and co-occurring NSSI/SI/SA were significantly elevated among participants with mild, moderate, and severe depression in both countries. LIMITATIONS The current study relied on retrospective data. CONCLUSIONS This study found that suicidal phenomena are common among youths from Uganda and Jamaica, with rates substantially higher than among youths from high-income countries. The risk of suicidal phenomena was especially high among youths with severe depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Boduszek
- University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK; SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Agata Debowska
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poznan, Poland.
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Li F, Jiao R, Liu D, Yin H. The Search for and Presence of Calling: Latent Profiles and Relationships With Work Meaning and Job Satisfaction. Front Psychol 2021; 12:633351. [PMID: 33708163 PMCID: PMC7940195 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.633351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed inconsistent results on the association between searching for calling and its psychosocial functioning outcomes (i.e., work meaning and job satisfaction). The link of searching for calling to its psychosocial functioning outcomes may be influenced by the presence of calling because the search for and presence of calling can co-exist within individuals. Thus, the present study employed a person-centered method (latent profile analysis) to identify subgroups combining the search for and presence of a calling and then explore the identified profiles' differences in work meaning and job satisfaction. Study participants were Chinese kindergarten teachers (n = 726). Latent profile analysis revealed four different groups: (1) actively maintaining calling (24.93%), (2) unsustainable calling (11.43%), (3) moderately increasing calling (23.14%), and (4) actively increasing calling (40.50%). Subsequent analyses showed notable differences across the four groups on work meaning and job satisfaction. Participants in profile 1 with both the highest searching for and presence of calling would experience more work meaning and job satisfaction than those in the other profiles whose strengths of searching for and presence of calling were relatively low. Participants in profile 4 had higher searching for and presence of calling than those in profile 3, and they experienced more meaningfulness at work and were more satisfied with their job. These findings indicate that actively searching for calling is closely associated with more work meaning and job satisfaction among people who already perceive intensive calling. Implications, limitations, and future directions of the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Li
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Runkai Jiao
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.,National Training Center for Kindergarten Principals, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Gudjonsson G, Vagni M, Maiorano T, Giostra V, Pajardi D. Trauma symptoms of sexual abuse reduce resilience in children to give ‘no’ replies to misleading questions. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Shechory-Bitton M, Zvi L. Is It Harassment? Perceptions of Sexual Harassment Among Lawyers and Undergraduate Students. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1793. [PMID: 32973598 PMCID: PMC7471720 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined differences between lawyers (n = 91) and undergraduate students (n = 120) regarding their evaluation of behavior as sexual harassment (SH) and blame attributions toward offender and victim. The current study used a cross-sectional, comparative, independent measures design. Also examined was the correlation between these perceptions and belief in a just world (BJW) hypothesis. The respondents were presented with case descriptions of SH that were identical in all aspects but the perpetrator and victim's gender (alternately depicted as male/female and female/male). Results showed that both lawyers and students agreed that the described event comprised SH, yet gender bias was evident. Both lawyers and students were more inclined to regard the behavior as SH when the vignette description depicted the perpetrator as a man (i.e., female victim) than as a woman (male victim). Gender bias was also evident in the examination of blame attributions, which were higher toward a male (vs. female) harasser. Nonetheless, the findings indicate that lawyers were less biased than students, manifested in less victim-blame and higher perpetrator blame attributions. No correlation between BJW and perceiving the vignette as SH and blame attribution was found. The findings indicate discriminatory judgments of SH based on gender. Gender-related stereotypes and sociocultural explanations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liza Zvi
- Department of Criminology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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Haahr-Pedersen I, Perera C, Hyland P, Vallières F, Murphy D, Hansen M, Spitz P, Hansen P, Cloitre M. Females have more complex patterns of childhood adversity: implications for mental, social, and emotional outcomes in adulthood. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1708618. [PMID: 32002142 PMCID: PMC6968572 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2019.1708618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been identified as an important public health problem with serious implications. Less well understood is how distinct configurations of childhood adversities carry differential risks for mental health, emotional, and social outcomes later in life. Objective: To determine if distinct profiles of childhood adversities exist for males and females and to examine if unique associations exist between the resultant latent profiles of childhood adversities and multiple indicators of mental health and social and emotional wellbeing in adulthood. Method: Participants (N = 1,839) were a nationally representative household sample of adults currently residing in the USA and the data were collected via online self-report questionnaires. Latent class analysis was used to identify the optimal number of classes to explain ACE co-occurrence among males and females, separately. ANOVAs, chi-square tests, and t-tests were used to compare male and female classes across multiple mental health, emotional, and social wellbeing variables in adulthood. Results: Females were significantly more likely than males to report a range of ACEs and mental health, social, and emotional difficulties in adulthood. Two- and four-class models were identified as the best fit for males and females, respectively, indicating more complexity and variation in ACE exposures among females. For males and female, ACEs were strongly associated with poorer mental health, emotional, and social outcomes in adulthood. Among females, growing up in a dysfunctional home environment was a significant risk factor for adverse social outcomes in adulthood. Conclusions: Males and females have distinct patterns of childhood adversities, with females experiencing more complex and varied patterns of childhood adversity. These patterns of ACEs were associated with numerous negative mental, emotional, and social outcomes among both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Haahr-Pedersen
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- The Danish Children Centre for the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camila Perera
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- International Federation of the Red Cross Centre for Psychosocial Support hosted by Danish Red Cross, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philip Hyland
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Frédérique Vallières
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Murphy
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maj Hansen
- ThRIVE, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pernille Spitz
- The Danish Children Centre for the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Hansen
- International Federation of the Red Cross Centre for Psychosocial Support hosted by Danish Red Cross, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marylène Cloitre
- National Center for PTSD, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Zhou Y, Liang Y, Cheng J, Zheng H, Liu Z. Child Maltreatment in Western China: Demographic Differences and Associations with Mental Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193619. [PMID: 31561624 PMCID: PMC6801727 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Child maltreatment has become a serious public health and social problem worldwide. However, knowledge regarding the status of child maltreatment in western China is limited. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the status of child maltreatment in western China and its relationship with mental health. Participants and setting: The present study evaluated child maltreatment in a sample of 1511 children (Mage = 11.48 years) from western China. Methods: The participants completed questionnaires designed to collect demographic information and assess their experiences with maltreatment and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Results: In total, 12.3%, 14.0%, 1.3% and 28.1% of the children experienced physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse and neglect, respectively, while 186 children (12.3%) experienced multiple types of maltreatment. Boys were more likely to experience maltreatment than girls in most cases. Physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse and neglect had unique effects on depression symptoms. Physical abuse, emotional abuse and neglect, but not sexual abuse, had unique effects on anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: The children who experienced maltreatment had higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Population-based prevention and educational programs should highlight the serious negative effects of maltreatment, especially emotional abuse and neglect, which have long been ignored in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China.
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yiming Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China.
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jin Cheng
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hao Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China.
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhengkui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China.
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Is childhood maltreatment associated with murderous ideation and behaviors in adolescents in China? Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:467-473. [PMID: 30321835 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has revealed associations between childhood maltreatment (CM) and adverse health behaviors. However, little is known about the relationship between CM and adolescent murderous ideation and behaviors. A total of 5726 middle and high school students completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form and the Murderous Ideation and Behaviors Questionnaire. The findings revealed that the prevalence rates for murderous ideation, plans, preparation, and attempts were 9.9%, 2.8%, 1.3%, and 0.6%, respectively. The results of multinomial logistic regression models indicated that adolescents who experienced CM were more likely to exhibit murderous ideation and behaviors, with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) ranging from 2.55 to 22.31. Additionally, a significant dose-response relationship was found between the number of CM types experienced and murderous ideation and behaviors (AORs ranging from 1.52 to 2.45). The odds of participants who had experienced three or five types of CM were significantly associated with murderous ideation and behaviors, with AORs ranging from 4.55 to 28.30 and from 5.26 to 85.45, respectively. The findings highlighted that adolescents who engaged in murderous ideation and behaviors were more likely to have a personal history of CM and revealed a dose-response relationship between the number of CM types and murderous ideation and behaviors.
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Raffaelli M, Santana JP, de Morais NA, Nieto CJ, Koller SH. Adverse childhood experiences and adjustment: A longitudinal study of street-involved youth in Brazil. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 85:91-100. [PMID: 30170923 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Most research on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) has been conducted in high-income countries in the global North. The current longitudinal study examined the prevalence, overlap, and impact of ACEs in a sample of Brazilian children and adolescents who use city streets as spaces for socialization and survival (i.e., street-involved youth). Participants (N = 113; M age = 14.18 years) were recruited in three cities following standardized procedures. Most youth were male (80.5%) and non-White (91%). Lifetime exposure to ACEs was assessed at the first study time point; six indicators of psychological, behavioral, and physical adjustment were assessed 6 months later. Analyses addressed three research goals. First, the prevalence of seven ACEs was examined. Youth reported an average of 4.8 ACEs (SD = 1.25); no significant age or gender differences were found in ACEs exposure (all ps > .05). Second, the overlap between different ACEs was explored. Family dysfunction was correlated with family disruption and physical abuse; poverty and physical abuse were related (ps < .05). Third, prospective associations between ACEs and adjustment were tested. Total number of ACEs was not significantly correlated with any outcome, but several associations emerged for specific ACEs. For example, death of a close friend or family member was prospectively associated with negative affect; sexual abuse was associated with illicit drug use and physical health symptoms (ps < .05). Findings highlight the prevalence of ACEs in this vulnerable population and underscore the value of extending research on ACEs into novel populations and contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Raffaelli
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 904 W. Nevada Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Juliana Prates Santana
- Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Aristides Novis, 197, Estrada de São Lázaro, Salvador, BA, CEP: 40210-730, Brazil.
| | - Normanda Araujo de Morais
- Graduate Psychology Program, University of Fortaleza, Av. Washington Soares, 1321, Edson Queiroz, Fortaleza, CE, CEP: 60811-905, Brazil.
| | - Carlos J Nieto
- Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 #63C-69, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.
| | - Silvia H Koller
- Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 #63C-69, Bogotá, DC, Colombia; North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.
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