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Delhalle M, Monseur C, Knüppel I, Blavier A. Validation of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF) for a French-Speaking Sample. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2024; 17:887-898. [PMID: 39309339 PMCID: PMC11413264 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-024-00612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) is a widely used and standardized questionnaire designed to assess five types of childhood abuse. Despite the fact that the CTQ-SF demonstrates good validity and reliability, its internal structure presents some limitations and its original 28-item five-factor model has been contested. The present study assesses the reliability and the factor structure of a French version of the CTQ-SF for an alternative 25-item model and a bifactorial model, using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Participants were French-speaking females from two independent samples (N = 1903, N = 690). They completed an online sociodemographic questionnaire and the online version of the CTQ-SF. The new model proposed in this article demonstrated excellent fit indices in two independent samples. Our results support the fit of a bifactorial 25-item model, suggesting the presence of a general factor of intrafamilial maltreatment, from which only sexual abuse would be separated. Furthermore, the results support the fit of a solution with seven factors. This research proposes alternative models that address the limitations pinpointed by previous international studies and demonstrate good fit indices. Moreover, these findings provide support for the validity of a French version of the CTQ-SF. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40653-024-00612-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Delhalle
- Center of Expertise in Psychotraumatisms and Forensic Psychology, University of Liège, Place des Orateurs 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christian Monseur
- Center for Educational Statistics, University of Liège, Place des Orateurs 2, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Iris Knüppel
- Center of Expertise in Psychotraumatisms and Forensic Psychology, University of Liège, Place des Orateurs 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Adélaïde Blavier
- Center of Expertise in Psychotraumatisms and Forensic Psychology, University of Liège, Place des Orateurs 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Wold KF, Ottesen A, Flaaten CB, Kreis I, Lagerberg TV, Romm KL, Simonsen C, Widing L, Åsbø G, Melle I. Childhood trauma and treatment resistance in first-episode psychosis: Investigating the role of premorbid adjustment and duration of untreated psychosis. Schizophr Res 2024; 270:441-450. [PMID: 38991420 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early identification of treatment non-response in first-episode psychosis (FEP) is essential to outcome. Despite indications that exposure to childhood trauma (CT) can have adverse effects on illness severity, its impact on treatment non-response and the interplay with other pre-treatment characteristics is sparsely investigated. We use a lack of clinical recovery as an early indicator of treatment resistance to investigate the relationship between CT and treatment resistance status at one-year follow-up and the potential mediation of this effect by other pre-treatment characteristics. METHODS This prospective one-year follow-up study involved 141 participants recruited in their first year of treatment for a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. We investigated clinical status, childhood trauma (CT), premorbid adjustment (PA), and duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) at baseline and clinical status at one-year follow-up. Ordinal regression analyses were conducted to investigate how PA and DUP affected the relationship between CT and one-year outcome in FEP. RESULTS 45 % of the FEP sample reported moderate to severe CT, with significantly higher levels of CT in the early treatment resistant group compared to participants with full or partial early recovery. Ordinal regression analysis showed that CT was a significant predictor of being in a more severe outcome group (OR = 4.59). There was a partial mediation effect of PA and a full mediation effect of DUP on the effect of CT on outcome group membership. DISCUSSION Our findings indicate that reducing treatment delays may mitigate the adverse effects of CT on clinical outcomes and support the inclusion of broad trauma assessment in FEP services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Fjelnseth Wold
- NORMENT, Centre of Excellence, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Akiah Ottesen
- NORMENT, Centre of Excellence, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Bärthel Flaaten
- NORMENT, Centre of Excellence, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabel Kreis
- NORMENT, Centre of Excellence, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Vik Lagerberg
- NORMENT, Centre of Excellence, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Lie Romm
- NORMENT, Centre of Excellence, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Early Intervention in Psychosis Advisory Unit for Southeast Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carmen Simonsen
- NORMENT, Centre of Excellence, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Early Intervention in Psychosis Advisory Unit for Southeast Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Widing
- NORMENT, Centre of Excellence, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gina Åsbø
- NORMENT, Centre of Excellence, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, Centre of Excellence, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Badenes-Ribera L, Georgieva S, Tomás JM, Navarro-Pérez JJ. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability: A reliability generalization meta-analysis of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF). CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 154:106941. [PMID: 39024783 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire- Short Form (CTQ-SF) is among the most extensively studied and widely utilized instruments for evaluating childhood maltreatment. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to conduct a reliability generalization meta-analysis to estimate the average reliability of the CTQ-SF scores and its factors and search for study characteristics that can explain the variability in those coefficients. METHODS A total of 39 independent samples provided 243 reliability estimates (Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, and/or test-retest reliability coefficients) with the data at hand for the scores on the CTQ-SF and its five subscales for this meta-analysis. RESULTS Random and mixed-effects models were employed for analyzing the data. The average Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the CTQ-SF total score was 0.891 (95 % CI: 0.868, 0.910). For the subscales, the average Cronbach's alpha coefficient ranged from 0.656 (Physical Neglect) to 0.916 (Sexual Abuse). The average McDonald's Omega coefficient for the CTQ-SF total score was 0.800 (95 % CI: 0.800 0.800). For the subscales, the average McDonald's Omega ranged from 0.740 (Physical Neglect) to 0.900 (Sexual Abuse). The average test-retest reliability for CTQ-SF total score was 0.788 (95 % CI: 0.635, 0.872), with the subscales ranging from 0.668 (Physical Neglect) to 0.709 (Physical Abuse). Moderator analyses revealed that some factors can affect reliability estimate. CONCLUSIONS Although CTQ-SF and its five subscales have shown adequate reliability, it may vary as a function of the variability of scores, geographical location, financial source, and the affiliation of the main researcher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Badenes-Ribera
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Sylvia Georgieva
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, Valencia 46010, Spain.
| | - Jose M Tomás
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, Valencia 46010, Spain
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García-Fernández A, Martínez-Cao C, Sánchez-Fernández-Quejo A, Bobes-Bascarán T, Andreo-Jover J, Ayad-Ahmed W, Cebriá AI, Díaz-Marsá M, Garrido-Torres N, Gómez S, González-Pinto A, Grande I, Iglesias N, March KB, Palao DJ, Pérez-Díez I, Roberto N, Ruiz-Veguilla M, de la Torre-Luque A, Zorrilla I, Pérez V, Sáiz PA, García-Portilla MP. Validation of the Spanish Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form in adolescents with suicide attempts. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1378486. [PMID: 39045440 PMCID: PMC11264239 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1378486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Child maltreatment is associated with a higher probability of mental disorders and suicidal behavior in adolescence. Therefore, accurate psychometric instruments are essential to assess this. Objective To validate the Spanish version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) in adolescents with suicide attempts. Methods Multisite cohort study of 208 adolescents with suicide attempts using data from the following scales: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and CTQ-SF. Statistical analysis: CTQ-SF scores analyzed by descriptive statistics. Internal consistency: McDonald's omega and Cronbach's alpha. Concurrent validity with PHQ-9 and C-SSRS scores: Spearman correlation coefficient. Structural validity: Confirmatory factor analysis. Results Floor and ceiling effects: Physical abuse and neglect as well as sexual abuse demonstrated high floor effects (50.0, 35.1, and 61.1% of adolescents, respectively). No ceiling effects were found. The CTQ-SF had excellent internal consistency (McDonald's omega = 0.94), as did the majority of its subscales (Cronbach's alpha 0.925-0.831) except for physical neglect (0.624). Its concurrent validity was modest, and the emotional neglect subscale had the lowest Spearman correlation coefficients (0.067-0.244). Confirmatory factor analysis: Compared with alternative factor structures, the original CTQ-SF model (correlated 5-factor) exhibited a better fit [S-B χ 2 = 676.653, p < 0; RMSEA (90% CI = 0.076-0.097) = 0.087; SRMR = 0.078; CFI = 0.980; TLI = 0.978]. Conclusion The Spanish CTQ-SF is a reliable, valid instrument for assessing traumatic experiences in adolescents at high risk of suicide. It appears appropriate for use in routine clinical practice to monitor maltreatment in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainoa García-Fernández
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Clara Martínez-Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Teresa Bobes-Bascarán
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jorge Andreo-Jover
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Isabel Cebriá
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Mental Health Service, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Unitat Mixta de Neurociència Traslacional (I3PT-INc-UAB), Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marina Díaz-Marsá
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry, and Pathology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathalia Garrido-Torres
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Sevilla, Spain
- Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sandra Gómez
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana González-Pinto
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department Psychiatry, UPV/EHU, Vitoria, Spain
- BIOARABA, Vitoria, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de Alava, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Iria Grande
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noelia Iglesias
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Mental Health, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Katya B. March
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego J. Palao
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Mental Health Service, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Unitat Mixta de Neurociència Traslacional (I3PT-INc-UAB), Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Iván Pérez-Díez
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Roberto
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Veguilla
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Sevilla, Spain
- Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alejandro de la Torre-Luque
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry, and Pathology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñaki Zorrilla
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department Psychiatry, UPV/EHU, Vitoria, Spain
- BIOARABA, Vitoria, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de Alava, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Víctor Pérez
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pilar A. Sáiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Paz García-Portilla
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Arendt IMTP, Gondan M, Juul S, Hastrup LH, Hjorthøj C, Bach B, Videbech P, Jørgensen MB, Moeller SB. Schema therapy versus treatment as usual for outpatients with difficult-to-treat depression: study protocol for a parallel group randomized clinical trial (DEPRE-ST). Trials 2024; 25:266. [PMID: 38627837 PMCID: PMC11022394 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About one third of patients with depression are in a condition that can be termed as "difficult-to-treat". Some evidence suggests that difficult-to-treat depression is associated with a higher frequency of childhood trauma and comorbid personality disorders or accentuated features. However, the condition is understudied, and the effects of psychotherapy for difficult-to-treat depression are currently uncertain. The aim of this trial is to investigate the beneficial and harmful effects of 30 sessions of individual schema therapy versus treatment as usual for difficult-to-treat depression in the Danish secondary, public mental health sector. METHODS In this randomized, multi-centre, parallel-group, superiority clinical trial, 129 outpatients with difficult-to-treat depression will be randomized (1:1) to 30 sessions of individual schema therapy or treatment as usual; in this context mainly group-based, short-term cognitive behaviour or psychodynamic therapy. The primary outcome is the change from baseline in depressive symptoms 12 months after randomization, measured on the observer-rated 6-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. The secondary outcomes are health-related quality of life assessed with the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions 5 Level Version, functional impairment assessed with the Work and Social Adjustment Scale, psychological wellbeing assessed with the WHO-5 Well-being Index, and negative effects of treatment assessed with the Negative Effects Questionnaire. Exploratory outcomes are improvement on patient self-defined outcomes, personal recovery, anxiety symptoms, anger reactions, metacognitive beliefs about anger, and perseverative negative thinking. Outcomes will be assessed at 6, 12, and 24 months after randomization; the 12-month time-point being the primary time-point of interest. Outcome assessors performing the depression-rating, data managers, statisticians, the data safety and monitoring committee, and conclusion makers for the outcome article will be blinded to treatment allocation and results. To assess cost-effectiveness of the intervention, a health economic analysis will be performed. DISCUSSION This trial will provide evidence on the beneficial and harmful effects, as well as the cost-effectiveness of schema therapy versus treatment as usual for outpatients with difficult-to-treat depression. The results can potentially improve treatment for a large and understudied patient group. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05833087. Registered on 15th April 2023 (approved without prompts for revision on 27th April 2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida-Marie T P Arendt
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark.
- Department of Trauma- and Torture Survivors, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Vestre Engvej 51, 7100, Vejle, Denmark.
| | - Matthias Gondan
- Department of Psychology, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sophie Juul
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Research Unit of Stolpegaard Psychotherapy Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Stolpegaardsvej 20, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Lene Halling Hastrup
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatry in Region Zealand, Faelledvej 6, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
- Danish Centre for Health Economics (DaCHE), University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Carsten Hjorthøj
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Bo Bach
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2a, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark
- Center for Personality Disorder Research, Mental Health Services in Region Zealand, Fælledvej 6, 4Th Floor, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Poul Videbech
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Depression Research, Nordstjernevej 41, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Martin Balslev Jørgensen
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Frederiksberg Hospital, Hovedvejen 17, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Stine Bjerrum Moeller
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Trauma- and Torture Survivors, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Vestre Engvej 51, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
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Cooper H, Jennings BJ, Kumari V, Willard AK, Bennetts RJ. The association between childhood trauma and emotion recognition is reduced or eliminated when controlling for alexithymia and psychopathy traits. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3413. [PMID: 38341493 PMCID: PMC10858958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Emotion recognition shows large inter-individual variability, and is substantially affected by childhood trauma as well as modality, emotion portrayed, and intensity. While research suggests childhood trauma influences emotion recognition, it is unclear whether this effect is consistent when controlling for interrelated individual differences. Further, the universality of the effects has not been explored, most studies have not examined differing modalities or intensities. This study examined childhood trauma's association with accuracy, when controlling for alexithymia and psychopathy traits, and if this varied across modality, emotion portrayed, and intensity. An adult sample (N = 122) completed childhood trauma, alexithymia, and psychopathy questionnaires and three emotion tasks: faces, voices, audio-visual. When investigating childhood trauma alone, there was a significant association with poorer accuracy when exploring modality, emotion portrayed, and intensity. When controlling for alexithymia and psychopathy, childhood trauma remained significant when exploring emotion portrayed, however, it was no longer significant when exploring modality and intensity. In fact, alexithymia was significant when exploring intensity. The effect sizes overall were small. Our findings suggest the importance of controlling for interrelated individual differences. Future research should explore more sensitive measures of emotion recognition, such as intensity ratings and sensitivity to intensity, to see if these follow accuracy findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Cooper
- Division of Psychology, College of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Ben J Jennings
- Division of Psychology, College of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Veena Kumari
- Division of Psychology, College of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Aiyana K Willard
- Division of Psychology, College of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Rachel J Bennetts
- Division of Psychology, College of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
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Aizpurua E, Caravaca-Sánchez F, Wolff N. Validation and measurement invariance of the childhood trauma questionnaire short form among incarcerated men and women in Spain. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 147:106527. [PMID: 37950962 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma is highly prevalent among incarcerated individuals and contributes to a range of negative outcomes. Assessing traumatic childhood events in prison settings requires valid, reliable, and effective instruments. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS This study evaluated the performance of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF), originally developed and validated in English, within a sample of incarcerated men and women (n = 1118 and n = 207, respectively) in six Spanish prisons. RESULTS The results indicated that the CTQ-SF had an acceptable fit in our sample. However, the internal consistency of the Physical Neglect subscale was found to be deficient (α = 0.57), especially among women (α = 0.43). This finding aligns with previous research across different contexts, which may signal weaknesses in the original construction of this subscale. The CTQ-SF demonstrated limited invariance between men and women, with only configural invariance being achieved, constraining the comparisons that can be made across sexes. In the absence of scalar invariance, comparisons of factor means to assess severity may be misleading, and caution is recommended when comparing prevalence estimates for men and women in Spanish prisons. Nonetheless, our findings support the convergent validity of the CTQ-SF, as trauma severity showed moderate correlations with depression, anxiety, stress, and aggression. CONCLUSIONS These results underscore the importance of evaluating the performance of instruments across various cultural contexts and populations to ensure the validity of study conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Aizpurua
- National Centre for Social Research, London, United Kingdom..
| | | | - Nancy Wolff
- Bloustein Center for Survey Research. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 33 Livingston Avenue, Office 273, United States
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Kenézlői E, Csernela E, Nemoda Z, Lakatos K, Czéh B, Unoka ZS, Simon M, Réthelyi JM. Psychometric properties of the Hungarian childhood trauma questionnaire short form and its validity in patients with adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or borderline personality disorder. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2023; 10:33. [PMID: 37974230 PMCID: PMC10655266 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-023-00239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compelling evidence supports the role of childhood traumatization in the etiology of psychiatric disorders, including adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (aADHD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Hungarian version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (H-CTQ-SF) and to investigate the differences between patients diagnosed with aADHD and BPD in terms of early traumatization. METHODS Altogether 765 (mean age = 32.8 years, 67.7% women) patients and control subjects were enrolled from different areas of Hungary. Principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out to explore the factor structure of H-CTQ-SF and test the validity of the five-factor structure. Discriminative validity was assessed by comparing clinical and non-clinical samples. Subsequently, aADHD and BPD subgroups were compared with healthy controls to test for the role of early trauma in aADHD without comorbid BPD. Convergent validity was explored by measuring correlations with subscales of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). RESULTS The five scales of the H-CTQ-SF demonstrated adequate internal consistency and reliability values. The five-factor model fitted the Hungarian version well after exclusion of one item from the physical neglect scale because of its cross-loading onto the emotional neglect subscale. The H-CTQ-SF effectively differentiated between the clinical and non-clinical samples. The BPD, but not the aADHD group showed significant differences in each CTQ domain compared with the healthy control group. All CTQ domains, except for physical abuse, demonstrated medium to high correlations with PID-5 emotional lability, anxiousness, separation insecurity, withdrawal, intimacy avoidance, anhedonia, depressivity, suspiciousness, and hostility subscales. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed the psychometric properties of the H-CTQ-SF, an easy-to-administer, non-invasive, ethically sound questionnaire. In aADHD patients without comorbid BPD, low levels of traumatization in every CTQ domain were comparable to those of healthy control individuals. Thus, the increased level of traumatization found in previous studies of aADHD might be associated with the presence of comorbid BPD. Our findings also support the role of emotional neglect, emotional abuse and sexual abuse in the development of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Kenézlői
- Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Csernela
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Nemoda
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Lakatos
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Boldizsár Czéh
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szabolcs Unoka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - János M Réthelyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Georgieva S, Tomás JM, Navarro-Pérez JJ, Samper-García P. Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal of Five of the Most Recurrently Validated Child Maltreatment Assessment Instruments from 2010 to 2020. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:2448-2465. [PMID: 35575249 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221097694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of child maltreatment has been inconsistent across literature due to its complexity, multidimensionality, and the variety of conceptualizations of this construct. Five instruments have recurrently examined psychometric properties across the last years of research: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure, Child Abuse Potential Inventory, Identification of Parents at Risk for child Abuse and Neglect, and Psychosocial Screening Tool. This article aims to examine and wrap up the knowledge regarding the psychometric properties of these instruments. A systematic review was performed through three of the most relevant databases in order to identify the most validated instruments to assess child maltreatment from 2010 to 2020, and 19 research articles were identified. Results indicate that there is a lack of information regarding some psychometric properties and therefore, in the light of this information, it is not possible to clearly determine if there are instruments with stronger scientific evidence for their psychometric properties, although the Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure Scale (MACE) obtained the strongest psychometric evidence. This systematic review provided a comprehensive review on the main psychometric properties of five child maltreatment instruments in order to facilitate researchers and child welfare professionals the selection of the most suitable instrument for their specific purpose. We recommend addressing these gaps of information by further examining the psychometric properties of these instruments, and developing valid and reliable instruments for early detection in child maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José M Tomás
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Spain
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10
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Martin S, Strodl E. The relationship between childhood trauma, eating behaviours, and the mediating role of metacognitive beliefs. Appetite 2023; 188:106975. [PMID: 37454578 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Disordered eating poses a significant risk to psychological and physical health. The experience of childhood trauma has been linked to the development of disordered eating behaviours, but the causal psychological mechanisms remain unclear. The metacognitive model holds promise as a potential framework for understanding the mediating psychological processes that explain how childhood trauma may lead to disordered eating. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of metacognitive beliefs mediating the relationship between childhood trauma and disordered eating behaviours. Adults from the Australian community (N = 461) completed an online self-report survey measuring childhood maltreatment (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form), disordered eating behaviour (Three Factor Eating Questionnaire - Revised 21), and metacognitive beliefs (Metacognitive Questionnaire 30). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed no independent associations between any forms of childhood maltreatment and cognitive restraint, while childhood emotional abuse was uniquely associated with uncontrolled eating and emotional eating. Through bootstrapping tests, the mediating effect between childhood trauma and uncontrolled and emotional eating consistently involved the metacognitive beliefs that thoughts are uncontrollable and dangerous. Future longitudinal research is required to confirm causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Martin
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Esben Strodl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
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11
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Laporte N, Ozolins A, Westling S, Westrin Å, Wallinius M. Adverse childhood experiences as a risk factor for non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempts in forensic psychiatric patients. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:238. [PMID: 37038150 PMCID: PMC10084684 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACE) have been found to have profound negative consequences on an individuals' health. Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a clinically complex and serious global health issue and is closely related to suicide attempts. Previous research has found associations between ACE and NSSI and suicide attempts in clinical samples. However, this association has to our knowledge not been studied to this extent in a sample of forensic psychiatric patients. The aim of this study was therefore to describe the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and their associations with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and/or suicide attempts in forensic psychiatric patients. METHODS The current study is a cross-sectional study of a consecutive cohort of 98 forensic psychiatric patients (86.7% male) in Sweden. We invited 184 patients with a predicted stay of > 8 weeks who had been cleared for participation by their treating psychiatrist. Of these, 83 declined and 98 eligible patients provided informed consent. Information on ACE, NSSI, and suicide attempts derived from files, self-reports (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form; CTQ-SF), and interviews were compared separately among participants with and without NSSI or suicide attempts using t-tests. The dose-response association between ACE and NSSI/suicide attempts was analysed using binary logistic regression. RESULTS In file reviews, 57.2% of participants reported physical abuse, 20% sexual abuse, and 43% repeated bullying by peers during childhood. NSSI and suicide attempts were associated significantly with CTQ-SF total scores, with medium effect sizes (d = .60 to .63, p < .01), and strongly with several CTQ-SF subscales. Parental substance abuse was also associated with NSSI (p = .006, OR = 3.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36 to 7.66) and suicide attempts (p = .018, OR = 2.75; 95% CI = 1.18 to 6.42). Each additional ACE factor predicted an increased probability of NSSI (p = .016, OR = 1.29; CI = 1.04 to 1.59) but not of suicide attempts. When anxiety and depressive disorders were included in the model, ACE remained a significant predictor of NSSI. CONCLUSIONS We report extensive ACE, from both files and self-reports. When comparing groups, correlations were found between ACE and NSSI, and ACE and suicide attempts among forensic psychiatric patients. ACE seem to predict NSSI but not suicide attempts in this group, even when controlling for affective and anxiety disorders. Early ACE among forensic psychiatric patients, especially physical and emotional abuse and parental substance abuse, have important impacts on self-harming behaviours that must be acknowledged both by the institutions that meet them as children and in their later assessment and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Laporte
- Evidence-based forensic psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Research Department, Regional Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Växjö, Sweden.
| | - Andrejs Ozolins
- Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Sofie Westling
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatric Clinic Lund, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - Åsa Westrin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatry Research Skåne, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - Märta Wallinius
- Evidence-based forensic psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research Department, Regional Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Växjö, Sweden
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Kroener J, Schaitz C, Karabatsiakis A, Maier A, Connemann B, Schmied E, Sosic-Vasic Z. Relationship Dysfunction in Couples When One Partner Is Diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder: Findings from a Pilot Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13030253. [PMID: 36975278 PMCID: PMC10045094 DOI: 10.3390/bs13030253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Relationship dysfunction—marked by frequent conflicts—is one of the hallmark features of borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, the BPD couple as a dyad and partner-related features have rarely been taken into account. The aim of the present study was to investigate hormonal, personality, and relationship relevant factors, such as relationship satisfaction, attachment, and trauma in both partners within a dyad where one partner is diagnosed with BPD. The total sample consisted of 26 heterosexual couples. All studies were conducted at 2 p.m. Primary outcomes: Neo-Five-Factor-Inventory, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Experiences in Close Relationships Scale. Secondary outcomes: Problem List, Partnership Questionnaire, Questionnaire for Assessing Dyadic Coping. Upon questionnaire completion, one saliva sample was taken via passive drool to assess baseline cortisol and testosterone levels. Results showed that females with BPD have higher scores on childhood maltreatment, dysfunctional attachment styles, and neuroticism than mentally healthy females. Furthermore, they have more relationship-related problems and are less satisfied in their romantic relationship. Male partners of women with BPD showed lower testosterone levels, higher levels of childhood maltreatment, dysfunctional attachment styles, neuroticism, and openness compared with the healthy control partners. Furthermore, childhood trauma, neuroticism as well as dysfunctional attachment styles displayed a significant positive correlation with relationship-related problems. Traumatic childhood experiences, insecure attachment styles as well as neurotic personality characteristics contribute to increased relationship disruptions in couples. Relevant hormonal and psychosocial parameters in BPD partners should be taken into account when treating females with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kroener
- Christophsbad Goeppingen, Research Division of Applied Psychotherapy and Psychiatry, Faurndauer Straße 6-28, 73035 Goeppingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University Clinic of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7161-601-8672
| | - Caroline Schaitz
- MSB Medical School Berlin, Psychotherapeutic Outpatient Facility, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Karabatsiakis
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology II, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University Clinic of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernhard Connemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University Clinic of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Elisa Schmied
- Christophsbad Goeppingen, Research Division of Applied Psychotherapy and Psychiatry, Faurndauer Straße 6-28, 73035 Goeppingen, Germany
| | - Zrinka Sosic-Vasic
- Christophsbad Goeppingen, Research Division of Applied Psychotherapy and Psychiatry, Faurndauer Straße 6-28, 73035 Goeppingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University Clinic of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
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13
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Airey ND, Taylor CDJ, Vikram A, Berry K. Trauma measures for use with psychosis populations: A systematic review of psychometric properties using COSMIN. Psychiatry Res 2023; 323:115163. [PMID: 36948019 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic events play a key role in the development and course of psychosis. Psychotic symptoms themselves and coercive treatment practices can be inherently traumatic. Hence, reliable and valid methods of assessing trauma and its impact (i.e., Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptomology) are essential for use with people with psychosis. Many measures are available to select from, but this is the first review to appraise the psychometric properties of trauma measures to guide decision making regarding instrument use. The review was prospectively registered on Prospero (CRD42022306100). Evaluation of methodological and psychometric quality followed Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidance. Twenty-four articles were eligible, with sixteen trauma measures evaluated. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire- Short Form demonstrated the most robust evidence for assessing experience of trauma. The Trauma and Life Experience (TALE) checklist was the only measure to include specific psychosis and iatrogenic harm items. For PTSD measures, the Symptoms of Trauma Scale and PTSD Symptom Scale- Self Report had the highest quality evidence. Psychometric strengths and weaknesses of various trauma measures are comprehensively evaluated, highlighting future research directions to strengthen the evidence base with emphasis on further evaluation of the TALE, which integrates trauma specific to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola D Airey
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 2(nd) Floor Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Bury New Road, Prestwich, Manchester M25 3BL, UK.
| | - Christopher D J Taylor
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 2(nd) Floor Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Community Mental Health Team, Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Humphrey House, Angouleme Way, Bury BL9 0EQ, UK
| | - Anvita Vikram
- Community Mental Health Team, Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Humphrey House, Angouleme Way, Bury BL9 0EQ, UK
| | - Katherine Berry
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 2(nd) Floor Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Bury New Road, Prestwich, Manchester M25 3BL, UK
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14
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Lemvigh C, Brouwer R, Hilker R, Anhøj S, Baandrup L, Pantelis C, Glenthøj B, Fagerlund B. The relative and interactive impact of multiple risk factors in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a combined register-based and clinical twin study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1266-1276. [PMID: 35822354 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has yielded evidence for genetic and environmental factors influencing the risk of schizophrenia. Numerous environmental factors have been identified; however, the individual effects are small. The additive and interactive effects of multiple risk factors are not well elucidated. Twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia offer a unique opportunity to identify factors that differ between patients and unaffected co-twins, who are perfectly matched for age, sex and genetic background. METHODS Register data were combined with clinical data for 216 twins including monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) proband pairs (one or both twins having a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis) and MZ/DZ healthy control (HC) pairs. Logistic regression models were applied to predict (1) illness vulnerability (being a proband v. HC pair) and (2) illness status (being the patient v. unaffected co-twin). Risk factors included: A polygenic risk score (PRS) for schizophrenia, birth complications, birth weight, Apgar scores, paternal age, maternal smoking, season of birth, parental socioeconomic status, urbanicity, childhood trauma, estimated premorbid intelligence and cannabis. RESULTS The PRS [odds ratio (OR) 1.6 (1.1-2.3)], childhood trauma [OR 4.5 (2.3-8.8)], and regular cannabis use [OR 8.3 (2.1-32.7)] independently predicted illness vulnerability as did an interaction between childhood trauma and cannabis use [OR 0.17 (0.03-0.9)]. Only regular cannabis use predicted having a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis between patients and unaffected co-twins [OR 3.3 (1.1-10.4)]. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that several risk factors contribute to increasing schizophrenia spectrum vulnerability. Moreover, cannabis, a potentially completely avoidable environmental risk factor, seems to play a substantial role in schizophrenia pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lemvigh
- Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS) and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - R Hilker
- Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS) and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Anhøj
- Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS) and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - L Baandrup
- Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS) and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - C Pantelis
- Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS) and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - B Glenthøj
- Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS) and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Fagerlund
- Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS) and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Peng C, Cheng J, Rong F, Wang Y, Yu Y. Psychometric properties and normative data of the childhood trauma questionnaire-short form in Chinese adolescents. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1130683. [PMID: 36923147 PMCID: PMC10008899 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1130683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) is a widely utilized instrument of childhood maltreatment (CM). However, psychometric properties and normative data of the CTQ-SF for Chinese adolescents are still unknown. Objective To examine psychometric properties and normative data of Chinese version CTQ-SF in a nationally representative sample of Chinese adolescents, including internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, structural validity, and convergent validity. Method A total of 20,951 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years were recruited from five provinces across China. Item analysis was used for 25 clinical items of the CTQ-SF. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine fit indices of the factor structure. The Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale (ACEs) was used to evaluate convergent validity. The percentile ranks for scores of the CTQ-SF and each subscales were presented. Results According to the results of three methods in Item analysis, Item 4 should be dropped. The remaining 24 clinical items achieved satisfactory fits in an alternative four-factor model. The alternative CTQ-SF showed acceptable internal consistency and the Cronbach's α of the four subscales was 0.824 (Neglect), 0.755 (Sexual Abuse), 0.713 (Physical Abuse), and 0.666 (Emotional Abuse), respectively. Besides, test-retest reliability and convergent validity of the alternative CTQ-SF were also acceptable. Conclusion The alternative four-factor model CTQ-SF exhibits good reliability and validity among Chinese adolescents. Additionally, the normative information of the CTQ-SF could provide practical support for determining severity of different subtypes of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Peng
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhan Cheng
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fajuan Rong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yizhen Yu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Andriyani F. Psychometric Properties of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF) Indonesian Version. ANALITIKA 2022. [DOI: 10.31289/analitika.v14i2.7743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abuse and neglect are increasingly occurring in various regions, including in Indonesia. The diversity of abuse and neglect in childhood and adolescence have an impact on neurobiological function damage so that it has long-term impacts on individuals who experience it. Unfortunately, in Indonesia there is no screening tool to assess the trauma of abuse and neglect in childhood and adolescence. This study aims to translate and obtain psychometric property of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) consisting of physical, emotional and sexual violence as well as physical and emotional neglect dimensions. The translation shows that the Indonesian version of the CTQ-SF has a good level of equivalence with the CTQ-SF. In addition, the classical test theory approach showed that the Indonesian version of CTQ-SF had a high reliability by the need of reviewing of the three items on the sexual abuse dan physical neglect dimensions. Nevertheless, a multidimensional approach of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the Indonesian version of CTQ-SF model was fit to measure the level of maltreatment (abuse and neglect) experience among adolescents in Indonesia
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17
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Assessing Childhood Maltreatment Exposure in Patients Without and With a Diagnosis of Substance Use Disorder. J Addict Med 2022:01271255-990000000-00110. [DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000001091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Bach B, Bo S, Simonsen E. Maladaptive personality traits may link childhood trauma history to current internalizing symptoms. Scand J Psychol 2022; 63:468-475. [PMID: 35606936 PMCID: PMC9790355 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Research supports a strong relationship between childhood maltreatment and internalizing psychopathology (e.g., anxiety and depression), and features of personality are assumed to explain some of this relationship. In this study, we proposed a model in which maladaptive traits mediate the effect of childhood trauma history on internalizing symptoms in adult individuals. A mixed sample (N = 462) composed of 142 psychiatric patients and 320 community-dwelling individuals completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), and the Symptom Checklist (SCL-27) for internalizing psychopathology. The effect of childhood traumas explained 34% of the variance in internalizing symptoms while controlling for the influence of age and gender. The traits accounted for 78% of this effect, which was predominantly exerted through the domains of Negative Affectivity, Detachment, and Psychoticism, and specifically through the facets of Depressivity, Suspiciousness, Anxiousness, Perceptual Dysregulation, and Distractibility. This finding provides preliminary support for the proposed model indicating that the aforementioned maladaptive trait domains potentially function as mediating links by which childhood traumas are translated into internalizing symptoms in adulthood. However, these findings must be interpreted with caution due to the cross-sectional and retrospective mono-method design of this study. Clinical implications are discussed in relation to transdiagnostic treatment and the potential value of specifying trait domain specifiers in ICD-11 and DSM-5 models of personality disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Bach
- Psychiatric Research UnitCenter for Personality Disorder Research, Region ZealandSlagelseDenmark
| | - Sune Bo
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryRegion ZealandRoskildeDenmark
| | - Erik Simonsen
- Psychiatric Research UnitCenter for Personality Disorder Research, Region ZealandSlagelseDenmark,Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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Pavone V, Vescio A, Lucenti L, Amico M, Caldaci A, Pappalardo XG, Parano E, Testa G. Diagnostic Tools in the Detection of Physical Child Abuse: A Systematic Review. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9081257. [PMID: 36010147 PMCID: PMC9406450 DOI: 10.3390/children9081257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Child abuse is a critical social issue. The orthopedic surgeon’s role is essential in noticing signs and symptoms of physical abuse. For this reason, several authors have proposed scoring systems to identify abuse early on and reduce undiagnosed cases. The aim of this systematic review is to overview the screening tools in the literature. In 2021, three independent authors performed a systematic review of two electronic medical databases using the following inclusion criteria: physical child abuse, questionnaire, survey, score, screening tool and predictive tool. Patients who had experienced sexual abuse or emotional abuse were excluded. The risk of bias evaluation of the articles was performed according to the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale Cohort Studies. Any evidence-level study reporting clinical data and dealing with a physical child abuse diagnosis tool was considered. A total of 217 articles were found. After reading the full texts and checking the reference lists, n = 12 (71,035 patients) articles were selected. A total of seven screening tools were found. However, only some of the seven diagnostic tools included demonstrated a high rate of sensitivity and specificity. The main limits of the studies were the lack of heterogeneity of evidence and samples and the lack of common assessing tools. Despite the multiplicity of questionnaires aimed at detecting validated child abuse, there was not a single worldwide questionnaire for early diagnosis. A combination of more than one test might increase the validity of the investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Pavone
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Policlinico “Rodolico-San Marco”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Vescio
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Policlinico “Rodolico-San Marco”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Ludovico Lucenti
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Policlinico “Rodolico-San Marco”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Mirko Amico
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Policlinico “Rodolico-San Marco”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessia Caldaci
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Policlinico “Rodolico-San Marco”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Xena Giada Pappalardo
- Unit of Catania, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Council of Research, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico Parano
- Unit of Catania, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Council of Research, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Testa
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Policlinico “Rodolico-San Marco”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence:
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20
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Stagaki M, Nolte T, Feigenbaum J, King-Casas B, Lohrenz T, Fonagy P, Montague PR. The mediating role of attachment and mentalising in the relationship between childhood maltreatment, self-harm and suicidality. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 128:105576. [PMID: 35313127 PMCID: PMC10466023 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the relationship between childhood maltreatment, self-harm and suicidality is well-established, less is known about the mediating mechanisms explaining it. Based on a developmental mentalisation-based theoretical framework, childhood adversity compromises mentalising ability and attachment security, which in turn increase vulnerability to later stressors in adulthood. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role of attachment and mentalising as potential mechanisms in the relationship between childhood maltreatment, self-harm and suicidality. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING We recruited 907 adults from clinical and community settings in Greater London. METHODS The study design was cross-sectional. Participants completed self-report questionnaires on retrospectively rated childhood trauma, and current attachment to the romantic partner, mentalising, self-harm, suicidal ideation and attempt. We used structural equation modelling to examine the data and conceptualized childhood maltreatment as a general factor in a confirmatory bifactor model. RESULTS The results showed that childhood maltreatment was both directly associated with self-harm and suicidality and indirectly via the pathways of attachment and mentalising. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that insecure attachment and impaired mentalising partially explain the association between childhood maltreatment, self-harm and suicidality. Clinically, they provide support for the potential of mentalisation-based therapy or other psychosocial interventions that aim to mitigate the risk of self-harm and suicidality among individuals who have experienced childhood maltreatment via increasing understanding of self and other mental states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stagaki
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Tobias Nolte
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Feigenbaum
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brooks King-Casas
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States of America
| | - Terry Lohrenz
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States of America
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United Kingdom; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Read Montague
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States of America; Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States of America
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21
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Morán-Kneer J, Ríos U, Costa-Cordella S, Barría C, Carvajal V, Valenzuela K, Wasserman D. Childhood Trauma and Social Cognition in participants with Bipolar Disorder: The Moderating Role of Attachment. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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22
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Wang X, Ding F, Cheng C, He J, Wang X, Yao S. Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Short Form) Across Genders, Time Points and Presence of Major Depressive Disorder Among Chinese Adolescents. Front Psychol 2022; 13:816051. [PMID: 35478747 PMCID: PMC9036057 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.816051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) is a widely used self-report tool designed to assess juveniles' experiences of abuse and neglect. The current study examined the psychometric properties, particularly measurement invariance of the CTQ-SF in Chinese non-clinical adolescents and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods Participants included 1,507 high school students (non-clinical sample) from Hunan Province and 281 adolescent patients with major depressive disorder (MDD sample) from The Second Xiangya Hospital. We examined the reliability and validity of CTQ-SF, confirm the five-factor model of the CTQ-SF. Multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the measurement invariance across genders, presence of depression, and over time. Results The CTQ-SF had good internal consistency in a non-clinical sample (Cronbach's α = 0.85) and MDD sample (Cronbach's α = 0.86). Good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.72) and Adequate validity were also observed. Good fit of the five-factor CTQ-SF model was confirmed in both samples. Multiple-group CFA confirmed that the CTQ-SF had the scalar invariance across genders and the presence of MDD, as well as over time. Conclusion The CTQ-SF is an effective and reliable tool for assessing child maltreatment in Chinese adolescents (non-clinical sample and MDD sample). The results suggest that the horizontal and longitudinal invariance of CTQ-SF are strongly established, which means CTQ-SF can be meaningfully used to compare outcomes among Chinese adolescents (non-clinical sample and MDD sample). The experience of child maltreatment, especially neglect (emotional and physical), was found to be common in Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Fengjiao Ding
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Chang Cheng
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Jiayue He
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
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23
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Holden RR, Patterson AA, Fekken GC. Childhood trauma and non-suicidal self-injury: Mental pain and depression as mediators in university and community samples? PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Thorup AAE, Hemager N, Bliksted VF, Greve AN, Ohland J, Wilms M, Rohd SB, Birk M, Bundgaard AF, Laursen AF, Jefsen OH, Steffensen NL, Andreassen AK, Veddum L, Knudsen CB, Enevoldsen M, Nymand M, Brandt JM, Søndergaard A, Carmichael L, Gregersen M, Krantz MF, Burton BK, Dietz M, Nudel R, Johnsen LK, Larsen KM, Meder D, Hulme OJ, Baaré WFC, Madsen KS, Lund TE, Østergaard L, Juul A, Kjær TW, Hjorthøj C, Siebner HR, Mors O, Nordentoft M. The Danish High-Risk and Resilience Study-VIA 15 - A Study Protocol for the Third Clinical Assessment of a Cohort of 522 Children Born to Parents Diagnosed With Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder and Population-Based Controls. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:809807. [PMID: 35444571 PMCID: PMC9013818 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.809807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children born to parents with severe mental illness have gained more attention during the last decades because of increasing evidence documenting that these children constitute a population with an increased risk of developing mental illness and other negative life outcomes. Because of high-quality research with cohorts of offspring with familial risk and increased knowledge about gene-environment interactions, early interventions and preventive strategies are now being developed all over the world. Adolescence is a period characterized by massive changes, both in terms of physical, neurologic, psychological, social, and behavioral aspects. It is also the period of life with the highest risk of experiencing onset of a mental disorder. Therefore, investigating the impact of various risk and resilience factors in adolescence is important. METHODS The Danish High-Risk and Resilience Study started data collection in 2012, where 522 7-year-old children were enrolled in the first wave of the study, the VIA 7 study. The cohort was identified through Danish registers based on diagnoses of the parents. A total of 202 children had a parent diagnosed with schizophrenia, 120 children had a parent diagnosed with bipolar disorder, and 200 children had parents without these diagnoses. At age 11 years, all children were assessed for the second time in the VIA 11 study, with a follow-up retention rate of 89%. A comprehensive assessment battery covering domains of psychopathology, neurocognition, social cognition and behavior, motor development and physical health, genetic analyses, attachment, stress, parental functioning, and home environment was carried out at each wave. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain and electroencephalograms were included from age 11 years. This study protocol describes the third wave of assessment, the VIA 15 study, participants being 15 years of age and the full, 3-day-long assessment battery this time including also risk behavior, magnetoencephalography, sleep, and a white noise paradigm. Data collection started on May 1, 2021. DISCUSSION We will discuss the importance of longitudinal studies and cross-sectional data collection and how studies like this may inform us about unmet needs and windows of opportunity for future preventive interventions, early illness identification, and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Fuglsang Bliksted
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jessica Ohland
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Wilms
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sinnika Birkehøj Rohd
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Birk
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anette Faurskov Bundgaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Færgemand Laursen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Oskar Hougaard Jefsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nanna Lawaetz Steffensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna Krogh Andreassen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Veddum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christina Bruun Knudsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Enevoldsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Nymand
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Marie Brandt
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Søndergaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Carmichael
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja Gregersen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Falkenberg Krantz
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Martin Dietz
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ron Nudel
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Korsgaard Johnsen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kit Melissa Larsen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Meder
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oliver James Hulme
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William Frans Christiaan Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Ellegaard Lund
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Leif Østergaard
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Section 5064, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Carsten Hjorthøj
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Georgieva S, Tomas JM, Navarro-Pérez JJ. Systematic review and critical appraisal of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF). CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 120:105223. [PMID: 34352686 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment is a complex and multidimensional construct that encompasses a great number of risk factors. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form, one of the most widely used and validated instruments to assess childhood maltreatment in the past ten years, is a retrospective instrument that assesses several types of childhood abuse and maltreatment which is divided into five dimensions. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this systematic review are to critically appraise, compare, and summarize the methodological quality and psychometric properties of published research articles validating the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form utilizing the COSMIN checklist. METHOD Articles published in English or Spanish, in the past ten years in the databases of Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest, and which, directly or indirectly analyzed psychometric properties of the CTQ-SF were screened, examined, and assessed utilizing the COSMIN checklist. RESULTS Main results indicate that there is a general pattern of assessing the same three psychometric properties (internal consistency, structural validity, and hypothesis testing) in a variety of samples, but leaving unassessed the rest of properties examined by the COSMIN checklist. Additionally, there are some problems with the internal consistency of several factors. IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS While replicability and internal consistency are good psychometric indicators of the CTQ-SF, there is a big scientific gap of information regarding some psychometric properties. It is suggested that future research should address the remaining psychometric properties, reliability, measurement error, content validity, cross cultural and criterion validity, as well as re-examining internal consistency of some dimensions, in order to advance in the knowledge on childhood maltreatment assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Georgieva
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, Valencia 46010, Spain.
| | - Jose M Tomas
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, Valencia 46010, Spain.
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26
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Bendstrup G, Simonsen E, Kongerslev MT, Jørgensen MS, Petersen LS, Thomsen MS, Vestergaard M. Narrative coherence of autobiographical memories in women with borderline personality disorder and associations with childhood adversity. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2021; 8:18. [PMID: 34099064 PMCID: PMC8183034 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-021-00159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People suffering from Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) seem to have incoherent autobiographical narratives. Tentative evidence suggests that reduced narrative coherence of autobiographical memories is associated with insecure attachment. However, it remains unknown whether incoherent autobiographical narratives in people with BPD are coupled to experiences of childhood trauma, which is highly prevalent in BPD. METHOD We examined if written autobiographical memories in 26 female participants with BPD had reduced narrative coherence relative to 28 healthy female controls and whether more incoherent narratives were associated with childhood trauma. RESULTS As hypothesized, results showed that compared to controls, the autobiographical memories in participants with BPD had reduced narrative coherence, specifically inadequate orientation about the narrative and lack of narrative structure. More self-reported childhood adversity was coupled to lower orientation across groups whereas increased childhood adversity showed a specific relationship to lowered narrative structure in BPD participants. CONCLUSION Women with BPD had incoherent autobiographical narratives, and reduced narrative coherence was associated with more self-reported childhood adversity, which appeared to explain the group differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Bendstrup
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark.
| | - Erik Simonsen
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mickey T Kongerslev
- Psychiatric Clinic Roskilde, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mie S Jørgensen
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Lea S Petersen
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
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27
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Petrikova M, Kascakova N, Furstova J, Hasto J, Tavel P. Validation and Adaptation of the Slovak Version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052440. [PMID: 33801428 PMCID: PMC7967575 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Previous research has shown a strong relationship between childhood trauma and worsened physical and mental health. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) is a commonly used tool assessing early traumatic experiences. The aim of this study was to verify the psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the CTQ. Methods: Data were collected on a representative Slovak sample (N = 1018, mean age 46.24 years, 48.7% of men). The dimensional structure of the CTQ was tested by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA); convergent validity was assessed using the Adverse Childhood Questionnaire (ACE-IQ). Results: CFA confirmed the standard 5-factor CTQ model. The subscales of the CTQ and the ACE-IQ questionnaires showed moderate to high correlations. The internal consistency of the scale was found to be acceptable. Emotional neglect (EN) was reported in 48.1%, physical neglect (PN) in 35.8%, emotional abuse in 15.8%, physical abuse (PA) in 11.0%, and sexual abuse (SA) in 9.1% of the Slovak population, according to the scoring, when even low abuse or neglect is assessed as trauma. Conclusion: The CTQ questionnaire fulfilled the validation criteria and appeared to be a suitable method for assessing retrospectively reported childhood trauma experiences in the Slovak population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Petrikova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitní 22, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (N.K.); (J.F.); (J.H.); (P.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Natalia Kascakova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitní 22, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (N.K.); (J.F.); (J.H.); (P.T.)
- Psychiatric-Psychotherapeutic Outpatient Clinic, Heydukova 27, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Furstova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitní 22, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (N.K.); (J.F.); (J.H.); (P.T.)
| | - Jozef Hasto
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitní 22, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (N.K.); (J.F.); (J.H.); (P.T.)
- Department of Social Work, St. Elizabeth College of Health and Social Work, Palackeho 1, 81102 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Tavel
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitní 22, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (N.K.); (J.F.); (J.H.); (P.T.)
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Khosravani V, Berk M, Sharifi Bastan F, Samimi Ardestani SM, Wrobel A. The effects of childhood emotional maltreatment and alexithymia on depressive and manic symptoms and suicidal ideation in females with bipolar disorder: emotion dysregulation as a mediator. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2021; 25:90-102. [PMID: 33559512 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2021.1879867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relations of childhood emotional maltreatment and alexithymia to the clinical course of bipolar disorder (BD) have been widely recognised. Difficulties in regulating emotions may explain these relationships. The current study evaluated the effects of childhood emotional maltreatment and alexithymia on depressive and manic symptoms as well as suicidal ideation in female patients with BD. Emotion dysregulation was evaluated as a mediating factor. METHODS Three hundred hospitalised female patients with a diagnosis of BD provided information regarding their history of childhood emotional maltreatment, alexithymia, difficulties in emotion regulation, depressive and manic symptoms, and suicidal ideation. A series of structural equation models (SEMs) were calculated to assess the associations between these variables. RESULTS Childhood emotional abuse and difficulty in identifying feelings were indirectly associated with depressive and manic symptoms as well as suicidal ideation. This association was mediated by emotion dysregulation. This association remained significant after depressive and manic symptoms were controlled in the model. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that patients with BD who experienced emotional abuse during childhood and have difficulties identifying emotions report greater emotion dysregulation. These individuals, in turn, are more likely to experience more severe depressive and manic symptoms as well as suicidal ideation.Key pointsChildhood emotional maltreatment and emotional and clinical factors in bipolar disorder were assessed.Childhood emotional abuse indirectly affected clinical factors via emotion dysregulation.Difficulty in identifying feelings was linked to clinical factors via emotional dysregulation.Emotional dysregulation affected the links of childhood emotional maltreatment and difficulty in identifying feelings on suicidal ideation after controlling for clinical symptoms.Emotional dysregulation dimensions of impulse, strategies, and goals emerge in relation to suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Khosravani
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Orygen, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Seyed Mehdi Samimi Ardestani
- Departments of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anna Wrobel
- IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Orygen, Parkville, Australia
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Fjeldsted R, Teasdale TW, Bach B. Childhood trauma, stressful life events, and suicidality in Danish psychiatric outpatients. Nord J Psychiatry 2020; 74:280-286. [PMID: 31833427 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2019.1702096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence points to an association between adverse life experiences and suicide risk, which include childhood trauma and maltreatment as well as recent stressful life events. Accordingly, the assessment of childhood trauma and recent stressful life events might contribute to the detection of suicidal risk in a clinical setting.Aim: To investigate the association of childhood trauma and current stressful life events with suicidal behavior and improve identification of suicidality in psychiatric outpatients.Method: The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Stressful Life Events (SLE) questionnaire, and the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) were administered to 103 psychiatric outpatients (77% women). We employed binary logistic regression analysis to estimate the statistical risk of suicide attempt for patients being exposed to childhood trauma and the influence of recent stresssful life events. A ROC-analysis was used to estimate the ability of CTQ to predict suicidal behavior.Results: A substantial association between suicidal behavior and severe childhood trauma was found (OR = 3.68), whereas no significant association was found for recent stressful life events. The result was tested against possible confounding demographic factors (sex, age, job status, educational level and marital status). Childhood trauma was found to explain around 15% of the total variance in suicidality.Conclusion: The findings partially supported our hypothesis that childhood traumas (but not recent stressful life events) may play a substantial role in suicidality, and therefore assessment of childhood trauma may contribute to the detection of suicidal behavior in a psychiatric outpatient population. However, longitudinal research and replication in other populations are warranted for more conclusive findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fjeldsted
- Psychiatric Clinic Slagelse, Psychiatric Services Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Bo Bach
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatric Services Region Zealand, Copenhagen, Denmark
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