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Dubois-Comtois K, Suffren S, Lemelin JP, St-Laurent D, Daunais MP, Milot T. A longitudinal study of child adjustment during the COVID-19 pandemic: the protective role of the parent-child relationship in middle childhood. Attach Hum Dev 2024; 26:301-324. [PMID: 38860559 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2024.2365192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
This longitudinal study assessed how parent-child relationship quality during the first COVID-19 lockdown was related to changes in internalizing, externalizing, and sleep problems during the first months of the pandemic: during lockdown, partial deconfinement, and total deconfinement. Participants included 167 children (9-12 year) and their parents recruited in the province of Quebec, Canada. Child behavior problems decreased between lockdown and the two deconfinement assessments, but more sleep and behavior problems were associated with lower levels of relationship quality (more conflict, less closeness, and more insecure attachment). Significant interaction effects showed that changes in externalizing and sleep problems varied as a function of parent-child relationship. Results support the critical importance of the parent-child relationship with regard to child adjustment in middle childhood in times of crisis such as a pandemic. They also highlight resilience in children aged 9 to 12, with a decrease in problems over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Dubois-Comtois
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
- (CEIDEF), Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Trois-Rivières, Canada
- Centre de recherche, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sabrina Suffren
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
- (CEIDEF), Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Trois-Rivières, Canada
- Centre de recherche, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Département de Psychologie, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
- Centre de recherche universitaire sur les jeunes et les familles (CRUJeF), Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pascal Lemelin
- Centre de recherche universitaire sur les jeunes et les familles (CRUJeF), Québec, Canada
- Département de psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Diane St-Laurent
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
- (CEIDEF), Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Trois-Rivières, Canada
- Centre de recherche universitaire sur les jeunes et les familles (CRUJeF), Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Daunais
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
- (CEIDEF), Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Trois-Rivières, Canada
- Centre de recherche, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tristan Milot
- (CEIDEF), Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Trois-Rivières, Canada
- Centre de recherche universitaire sur les jeunes et les familles (CRUJeF), Québec, Canada
- Département de psychoéducation et de travail social, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
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Jing JQ, Yang CJ, Wang Y, Su XY, Du YJ. Impact of COVID-19 on emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children: a meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:455. [PMID: 39014321 PMCID: PMC11251369 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04931-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on society is continuous, resulting in negative psychological consequences. Given the vulnerability and sensitivity to the environment among preschool children, their emotional and behavioral problems deserve more attention. The current study aimed to explore the impact of the epidemic on preschool children's mental health by determining the pooled prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems amidst the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic and to reveal potential reasons for variations between studies. Published studies were searched in Embase, PubMed, ProQuest, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang. Based on the inclusion criteria outlined in this study, a total of 10 studies encompassing 38,059 participants were incorporated. Employing a random-effect model for estimating the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems, the results revealed a pooled prevalence rate of 24.3% (95% CI, 0.15-0.38; I²=99.9%) among preschool children. This rate surpasses the pre-outbreak prevalence observed in different countries, signifying a detrimental influence of the epidemic on the mental well-being of preschoolers. Therefore, mental health care and recovery are essential for the vulnerable group during and after the public health crisis. Specific emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children are expected to be researched in the future to provide more targeted guidance for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Jing
- East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Yang
- East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xue-Yun Su
- East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yi-Jie Du
- Qingpu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 95 Qingan Road, Shanghai, 201799, China.
- Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Wang J, Wang S, Xiao B, Li J, Feng Y, Li Y. Maternal distress, parenting stress, maladaptive parenting and children's problematic media use in China: evidence from 2022 spring in Shanghai. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1857. [PMID: 38992640 PMCID: PMC11238508 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 lockdown has forced young children to spend more time on media and significantly impacted their mothers' mental health. This study explored how mothers' individual distress influences children's problematic media use during the Shanghai citywide lockdown caused by COVID-19. Data were collected from 1889 Chinese mothers (Mage = 34.69 years, SD = 3.94 years) with preschoolers aged 3-6 years (Mage = 4.38 years, SD = 1.06 years; 49.0% boys) via an online survey. The statistical analyses relied on SPSS Statistics version 26.0 and macro-program PROCESS 3.3. to investigate the associations and mediation analysis among all the study variables. The results indicated a positive association between maternal distress and children's problematic media use, mediated by parenting stress and maladaptive parenting. Specifically, the serial mediation analysis revealed that high levels of maternal distress exacerbate parenting stress, which in turn leads to maladaptive parenting practices. These maladaptive practices subsequently increase problematic media use in preschool children. The findings highlighted that parents need to enhance their ability to manage risk and promote mental health during periods of significant stress and routine disruption to reduce children's problematic media use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Shumin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Juan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuemin Feng
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China.
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Werner A, Kater MJ, Kerkhoff D, Schlarb AA, Lohaus A. Personal and social resources in the context of adolescent sleep. Psychol Health 2024; 39:878-894. [PMID: 36082379 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2121396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The existing literature has focused little on the health-promoting role of resources for sleep. Mainly risk factors have been highlighted regarding mental health in general. Moreover, for the vulnerable age group of adolescents, resources and their relation to sleep have hardly been explored. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the predictive role of personal/social resources for the likelihood of having chronic sleep problems in adolescents. METHODS AND MEASURES A sample of n = 131 adolescents (M = 14.31 years, SD = 1.84) completed the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children and the Questionnaire to Assess Resources for Children and Adolescents at two measurement points about 8 months apart. RESULTS Binomial logistic regressions controlling for age and sex revealed that higher levels of personal and social resources were associated with a lower likelihood of having chronic sleep problems. Especially optimism and school integration were associated with not experiencing chronic sleep problems. CONCLUSION For the first time, this study highlighted multiple resources and their health-promoting role in adolescent sleep. Both personal and social resources seem to be relevant for preventing adolescents from chronic sleep problems. Prevention and intervention programs for sleep disorders in teenagers should especially promote optimism and school integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Werner
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science , Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Maren-Jo Kater
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science , Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Denny Kerkhoff
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz , Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Arnold Lohaus
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science , Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Sun X, Yuan T, Chen F, Li Y, Jiang N. Network analysis of maternal parenting practices and adolescent mental health problems: a longitudinal study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:38. [PMID: 38504321 PMCID: PMC10953267 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An extensive literature has shown a strong connection between maternal parenting practices and adolescent mental health problems. However, it has been difficult for previous research to map a dynamic concurrent and prospective relationships within and between types of parenting practices and adolescent mental health problems. The present study addressed these issues using a network analysis approach and a longitudinal design. METHODS This study involved 591 Chinese adolescents (249 males; mean age at T1 = 13.53) and their mothers (mean age at T1 = 39.71) at two time points (T1 and T2) with eighteen months apart. Mothers reported their parenting practices including warmth, monitoring, inductive reasoning, hostility, and harshness, while adolescents reported their mental health problems including anxiety, depression, aggression, and conduct problems. Network analysis was conducted for contemporaneous networks at T1 and T2 and temporal networks from T1 to T2. RESULTS The contemporaneous networks revealed the negative association between monitoring and conduct problems served as the main pathway through which parenting practices and adolescent mental health mutually influenced each other, and further, warmth was the most influential parenting practice on adolescent mental health. The temporal network revealed that maternal hostility exerted the most influence on adolescent mental health problems, whereas adolescents' depression was most influenced by maternal parenting practices. Moreover, maternal hostility was most predicted by maternal harshness. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a novel perspective to gain a better understanding of the dynamics between and within maternal parenting practices and adolescent mental health problems. Findings highlight maternal harshness and warmth as potential prevention and intervention targets for adolescent mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Sun
- School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Feifei Chen
- School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Psychology, DePaul University, 2219N Kenmore Ave, Chicago, IL, 60614, USA.
| | - Nengzhi Jiang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China.
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de Paiva RERP, de Paula JJ, Costa DDS, da Silva LG, Malloy-Diniz LF, Romano-Silva MA, de Miranda DM. Children and adolescents' quality of life in repeated cross-sectional studies during the COVID-19. J Health Psychol 2024:13591053241235068. [PMID: 38439508 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241235068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, internalizing and externalizing symptoms have impacted the quality of life of children and adolescents. This cross-sectional study evaluated children's quality of life using parental reports, observing associations with mental health problems and sociodemographic variables. Some behavioral measures were linked to lower quality of life, particularly depression symptoms, relationship problems, and inattention. Multiple regression models indicated that reduced children's quality of life (R2 = 36%) was associated with higher levels of internalizing (r = -0.46) and externalizing (r = -0.23) behavioral problems and younger parents (r = -0.08). Children with previous mental disorder diagnoses had lower quality of life than those without (p < 0.001). In summary, children's quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic was linked to current mental health, parental age, and previous history of mental disorders.
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Garner JB, Self-Brown S, Emery V, Wootten K, Tiwari A. COVID-19 and Caregiver Risk Factors for Child Maltreatment: The Pandemic in Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:613-629. [PMID: 36935570 PMCID: PMC10030880 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231158609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has fostered an environment for increased risk of child maltreatment (CM) as families experience increased psychosocial and financial burdens and spend unprecedented amounts of time together in the home. This narrative review aimed to summarize empirical findings on existing or new pandemic-related risk factors among caregivers. A combination of search terms related to CM and COVID-19 were used to identify articles published within five databases between February 2020 and July 2022. Literature searches produced 113 articles, of which 26 published across 12 countries met inclusion criteria. Four previously well-established risk factors for CM perpetration continued to persist during the pandemic, including stress, parental mental health, financial concerns, and parental substance use. Of note, inconsistent definitions and measures were used to capture these risk factors. Several additional emerging and understudied risk factors were also identified among limited articles, such as food insecurity and parental education. Findings emphasize the ongoing need for evidence-based interventions to address CM risk during the pandemic, including parent training programs. However, consolidated measures and consistent conceptualization of risk factors are needed to advance the study of CM. Going forward, practitioners and researchers should (a) strengthen the identification process for families at greatest risk for CM, and particularly those vulnerable to pandemic-related stressors; and (b) augment delivery of CM prevention strategies and evidence-based programs to fit the pandemic context.
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Imperato C, Giardina A, Manari T, Albano A, Franceschini C, Schimmenti A, Musetti A. Problematic Gaming during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:3176. [PMID: 38132066 PMCID: PMC10742917 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11243176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to government measures enforcing isolation in order to mitigate the spread of the virus. Consequently, online activities, including gaming, increased during this challenging period. Thus, it was possible that problematic gaming (PG) patterns also increased. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we estimated the prevalence of PG during the COVID-19 pandemic and examined differences among subpopulations. The evaluation of 38 studies revealed that the overall prevalence of PG during the COVID-19 pandemic was 3.6%. Furthermore, higher PG scores were found in undergraduate and gamer subpopulations, as well as in studies using the Gaming Addiction Scale. Finally, meta-regression analyses suggest that stricter government measures, as identified by the Government Stringency Index, may have contributed to a lower prevalence of PG behaviors. A potential explanation of this finding is that containment measures had a protective function with respect to emotional distress, and thus towards PG; alternatively, it could be that current measures for PG become less precise if an individual's functioning is already impaired due to other reasons, such as COVID-19 restrictions. Further theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Imperato
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (C.I.); (T.M.)
| | - Alessandro Giardina
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Tommaso Manari
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (C.I.); (T.M.)
| | - Antonio Albano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (A.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Christian Franceschini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (A.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE—Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (C.I.); (T.M.)
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Yıldırım Demirdöğen E, Akif Akıncı M, Bozkurt A, Çakır A, Tanrıverdi Ç. Functional Impairments and Related Factors in Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder During the COVID-19 Normalization Stage. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2023; 33:193-202. [PMID: 38765315 PMCID: PMC11082574 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2023.23637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a disorder associated with significant functional impairments that can have important consequences for the individual and the society. Those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were reported to be more vulnerable in the face of difficulties and experience more psychological problems during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. It was shown that the psychological problems experienced during the pandemic could persist during the normalization stage. We aimed to assess functional impairment in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the related factors during the normalization stage which involved the initiation of fully face-to-face schooling practices. Methods This is a cross-sectional study including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (n = 52) and a healthy control group (n = 52). Functional impairment was assessed using the Weiss functional impairment rating scale self and parent forms. We also examined the factors associated with functional impairment (internalizing-externalizing problems, parenting strategies, and perceived expressed emotion). Results Adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder had higher functional impairment scores on Weiss functional impairment rating scale self and parent in all sub-domains and total. Weiss functional impairment rating scale self and parent total mean score had a positive correlation with negative parenting and externalizing-internalizing scores and a negative correlation with the positive parenting score. Weiss functional impairment rating scale-self total mean score was positively correlated with negative parenting and externalizing-internalizing scores and perceived expressed emotion scores. Conclusion Our results suggest that the effects of the pandemic on children's functioning may persist in the normalization stage. For a comprehensive evaluation and effective intervention, it is important that comorbid symptoms, parenting strategies, and the perceived family climate are evaluated from the perspectives of both the parent and the adolescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Yıldırım Demirdöğen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Atatürk University Medicine Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Akıncı
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Atatürk University Medicine Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Bozkurt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Atatürk University Medicine Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Çakır
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Erzurum Region Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Tanrıverdi
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Erzurum Region Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
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Hmidan A, Seguin D, Duerden EG. Media screen time use and mental health in school aged children during the pandemic. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:202. [PMID: 37430372 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children's screen time activity has increased significantly during the pandemic. Extended school closures and heightened parent stress are associated with children's behavioural difficulties and time spent watching screens. The primary aim of this study was to determine which school and household factors were associated with challenging behaviours in Canadian schoolchildren during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This longitudinal survey study examined the association amongst screen time, internalizing and externalizing behaviours in school-aged children at two time points over the 2020-2021 academic school year. Parents completed survey measures on their parental involvement, stress levels, and their child's screen time use as well as their emotional and behavioural difficulties. RESULTS Children's average daily screen time was 4.40 h (SE = 18.45) at baseline and 3.89 h (SE = 16.70) at 1-year follow up, with no significant change across the school year (p = .316). Increased screen time use was associated with a greater incidence of internalizing behaviours in children (p = .03). Children who spent more time on screens and who were in households with parents reporting higher stress levels had increased internalizing behaviours (p < .001). No association between screen time use and externalizing behaviours was evident; however, parent stress was positively associated with children's externalizing behaviours (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Children's screen time use has remained high during the pandemic and is associated with anxious and depressive symptoms. Children who spent more time on screens and who were in households with parents reporting higher stress levels had increased internalizing behaviours. Parent stress was positively associated with children's externalizing behaviours. Targeted family intervention plans focused on reducing parent stress and screen time use may aid in improving children's mental health during the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Hmidan
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, 1137 Western Rd, London, ON, N6G 1G7, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, Canada
| | - Diane Seguin
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, 1137 Western Rd, London, ON, N6G 1G7, Canada
- Physiology & Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Emma G Duerden
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, 1137 Western Rd, London, ON, N6G 1G7, Canada.
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Canada.
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Perez-Oyola JC, Walter-Chavez DM, Zila-Velasque JP, Pereira-Victorio CJ, Failoc-Rojas VE, Vera-Ponce VJ, Valladares-Garrido D, Valladares-Garrido MJ. Internet addiction and mental health disorders in high school students in a Peruvian region: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:408. [PMID: 37286950 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04838-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the association between internet addiction disorder (IAD) and anxiety and depressive symptomatology in high school students in two private schools in Chiclayo, Peru, during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Analytical cross-sectional investigation of 505 adolescents from two private schools. The dependent variables were anxiety and depressive symptomatology, measured with the Beck Adapted Depression Questionnaire (BDI-IIA) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), respectively. The main independent variable was IAD, measured with the Internet Addiction Test instrument(IATI). Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated. RESULTS The average age was 14.16 years and 54.9% were women. 22.2% and 3.2% presented mild and moderate IAD; respectively. 9.3% presented severe anxiety and 34.3% severe depressive symptomatology. In the simple regression, adolescents with mild, moderate and severe IAD presented 19% (PR = 1.19; 95%CI: 1.05-1.35), 25% (PR = 1.25; 95%CI: 1.02-1.53) and 53% (PR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.47-1.60) higher prevalence of depressive symptomatology; however, this association was not maintained in the multiple model. Anxiety increased 196% in adolescents with severe IAD (PR = 2.96; 95%CI: 1.86-4.71). CONCLUSION We found that 2, 1, and 3 out of 10 students presented IAD, depressive symptomatology, and anxiety, respectively. We did not find an association between IAD and depressive symptomatology, but we did find an association with anxiety. Among the factors associated with the development of depressive symptomatology were the male sex, the presence of eating disorders, subclinical insomnia, using devices for more than 2 h, and using the Internet for academic activities. About anxiety, the associated factors are the female sex, the presence of eating disorders, subclinical insomnia, and the use of the Internet as social interaction. We recommend implementing counseling programs in view of the imminent introduction of the Internet as a pillar in education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Perez-Oyola
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, Peru
| | | | - J Pierre Zila-Velasque
- Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrion, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Pasco, Peru
- Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en La Altitud E Investigación (REDLAMTAI), Pasco, Peru
| | | | - Virgilio E Failoc-Rojas
- Unidad de investigación para la generación y síntesis de evidencias en salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.
| | - Víctor J Vera-Ponce
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, 15039, Peru
- Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Lima, 15046, Peru
| | | | - Mario J Valladares-Garrido
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Piura, Peru.
- Oficina de Epidemiología, Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Chiclayo, Peru.
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de Maat DA, Van der Hallen R, de Nijs PFA, Visser K, Bastiaansen D, Truijens FL, van Rijen EHM, Ester W, Prinzie P, Jansen PW, Dekker LP. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Times of COVID-19: Examining Emotional and Behavioral Problems, Parental Well-Being, and Resilience. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-022-05846-y. [PMID: 37213037 PMCID: PMC10201036 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05846-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal study assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 62; Mage = 13 years) by measuring emotional and behavioral problems before and during the pandemic, and by comparing this change to a matched sample of children without ASD (n = 213; Mage = 16 years). Moreover, we examined whether indicators of parental well-being promoted resilience of children with ASD. Results showed that the mean change in problems did not differ between children with and without ASD. Importantly, some children showed an increase in problems, while others showed resilience. Parental well-being indicators were not related to resilience among children with ASD. The interindividual variability in responses, particularly among children with ASD, highlights the need for personalized support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna A de Maat
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, 3000 DR, The Netherlands.
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ruth Van der Hallen
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, 3000 DR, The Netherlands
- Rotterdam Autism Consortium (R.A.C.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter F A de Nijs
- Rotterdam Autism Consortium (R.A.C.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Visser
- Rotterdam Autism Consortium (R.A.C.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Sarr Autism Rotterdam, Youz Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Parnassia Group, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Bastiaansen
- Rotterdam Autism Consortium (R.A.C.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Yulius Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Femke L Truijens
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, 3000 DR, The Netherlands
- Rotterdam Autism Consortium (R.A.C.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth H M van Rijen
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, 3000 DR, The Netherlands
- Rotterdam Autism Consortium (R.A.C.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wietske Ester
- Rotterdam Autism Consortium (R.A.C.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Sarr Autism Rotterdam, Youz Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Parnassia Group, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium-LUMC, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
- Parnassia Bavo Group, Parnassia Bavo Academy, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Prinzie
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, 3000 DR, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline W Jansen
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, 3000 DR, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda P Dekker
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, 3000 DR, The Netherlands
- Rotterdam Autism Consortium (R.A.C.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Kim YJ, Lee CS, Kang SW. Increased adolescent game usage and health-related risk behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37359591 PMCID: PMC10068219 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examines adolescent game usage and corresponding health-related risk behaviors during a period of limited social interaction and activity due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants included 225 middle- and 225 high-school students in Seoul who completed a survey online from October 1 to 30, 2021. The study measured participants' game usage level and the health-related risk behavior index. Findings showed that participants who engaged in excessive gaming showed higher levels of health-related risk behaviors. A multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to compare the health-related risk behaviors of students in the general, potential, and high-risk groups on excessive gaming. Results indicated that female students in the high-risk group showed higher stress levels and fatigue (f = 5.549, p < .01, Cohen's d = 0.016) than the males of the same group. However, male students showed higher physical inactivity levels (f = 3.195, p > .05, Cohen's d = 0.009) than females. The post hoc test indicated clear sex distinctions among the general, potential, and high-risk groups on excessive gaming (p < .001). Among the high-risk game usage group, female students displayed a higher level of risk behaviors than males. Adolescent gaming addiction should be considered an emotional and behavioral disorder for which parental guidance and support are needed, and counseling experts and professionals must come together to provide a cure and reform program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jae Kim
- Department of Physical Education of Chung, Ang University, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Sol Lee
- Department of Physical Education of Chung, Ang University, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Kang
- Department of Physical Education of Chung, Ang University, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Yaffe Y. Parental Worry About COVID-19 in Preschool Children's Mothers During the Pandemic Waves: The Role of Maternal Negative Feelings and Parenting Styles. Matern Child Health J 2023; 27:632-640. [PMID: 36840784 PMCID: PMC9959943 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study explores the relationship between maternal feelings, maternal parenting styles, and mothers' worry about COVID-19's detrimental consequences on preschool children's health and well-being. The study is among the first to concentrate on this reference specific group, whose characteristics might be particularly vulnerable to COVID-19's adversities. One hundred and four mothers of at least one preschool-age child completed an online questionnaire battery, which included the Parental Feelings Inventory, the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ), and the parental worry about COVID-19 scale. Negative maternal feelings (i.e., anger, anxiety/sadness) were associated with authoritarian and indulgent parenting practices, especially verbal hostility, while maternal happiness was associated with more authoritative practices, especially warmth and support. The hierarchical multiple regression model explained about 42% of variance of the overall maternal worry about COVID-19 from maternal negative feelings and parenting styles, with maternal authoritative parenting and maternal anxiety/sadness as the significant predictors that uniquely explain maternal worry about COVID-19. These results are discussed in terms of positive and negative maternal worry, which partially reflect the differences between overprotective and authoritative parenting in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosi Yaffe
- Department of Education, Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, 12208, Qiryat Shemona, Israel.
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15
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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of preschoolers: A parental guide. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14332. [PMID: 36974319 PMCID: PMC10028354 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Unexpected changes brought about by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have affected humans worldwide. This review attempts to address major parental concerns about the development of preschool-aged children during the pandemic from the perspectives of neuropsychology, consultation, and motor development for preschoolers aged 2–5 years. Methods A total of 273 articles including original data, review articles, national and regional perspectives, government websites, and commentaries were considered in this review, of which 117 manuscripts were excluded because they were unrelated to children, adolescents, or COVID -19 pandemic/upper respiratory infections. A total of 156 manuscripts were included after reading the abstract and entire article. Results Telehealth could be an effective tool for addressing cognitive and emotional challenges that arise during the pandemic. Online consultations are highlighted for nutritional guidelines and to overcome problems that parents face when caring for children in difficult times. Outdoor activities using sanitisers, proper cleanliness, and following standard operating procedures are recommended. Parental preoccupation with media should be avoided. Interpretation: Many preschoolers show delays in reaching their developmental milestones, and the pandemic has increased parents' concerns, as access to practitioners is limited. Therefore, parents should be encouraged to undergo neuropsychological consultations whenever necessary. This study emphasises important strategies to ensure that children's development is minimally affected while staying in the confined environment of their homes. This study serves as a new guide for parents, as they raise young children in the new normal. Parents should undergo basic yearly physical, neuropsychological, nutritional, and speech checkups.
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Shutzman B, Gershy N. Children's excessive digital media use, mental health problems and the protective role of parenting during COVID-19. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023; 139:107559. [PMID: 36405875 PMCID: PMC9650221 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19's outbreak in March 2020 and the social distancing measures that followed it changed the lives of children worldwide. Studies assessing the pandemic's implications for children have reported an alarming increase in the use of digital media (DM) and warned of its adverse impacts on children's functioning and development. The current study aimed to assess the relationship between excessive and problematic DM use and emotional, behavioral, and academic functioning among Israeli adolescents during COVID-19 and to identify adolescents at elevated risk of developing problematic DM use. Three hundred forty-seven Israeli parent-child dyads (M age = 11.81, SD = 1.41) separately completed measures assessing children's DM use (time and addiction), functioning (academic, social, emotional, and behavioral), behavioral dysregulation, and the parents' parenting practices. The results showed that DM addiction, but not DM use, was related to children's emotional, behavioral, and academic difficulties. Moreover, the results indicated that negative parenting and behavioral dysregulation increased the risk of DM addiction, which in turn increased emotional, behavioral, and academic difficulties. The results underscored parents' role in preventing problematic DM use and highlighted the need to treat DM use and problematic DM use as distinct constructs.
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17
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Ramsewak S, Moty N, Putteeraj M, Somanah J, Nirmala LP. Parenting style and its effect on eating disorders and substance abuse across the young population. DISCOVER PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC8802280 DOI: 10.1007/s44202-022-00025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This article attempts to examine the occurrence of two behavioural changes, namely, substance abuse and eating disorders in order of onset mediated by ineffective parenting styles during young age. The four parenting styles and their consequential behavioural adverse effects are taken as the focal point of this study and are synthesized to provide an outlook on the status of ineffective parenting and deviant offspring behaviours. A review of literature was primarily undertaken to examine the characteristic features of ineffective parenting. A causal relationship was then drawn between the onset of behavioural disorders with an emphasis on substance abuse and eating disorders, along the parenting spectrum. We probed into the order and directionality of the offspring behavioural changes against ineffective parenting. The current available data shows the superimposition of the parenting style spectrum on a bell-shaped distribution of behavioural outcomes as exemplified by authoritarian, permissive and neglectful parenting as a prime determinant of several disorders among the young age; parenting styles being at the extremities of the parenting spectrum. The sweet spot of parenting, mainly associated to the authoritative approach, bears the most positive effect on the growing child. The extreme ends of parenting as per the varying degree of responsiveness and demandingness, generally observed in authoritarian and neglectful parenting precipitate concomitant deviant behaviours cascading from one another; intricately linking substance abuse and eating disorders. A number of studies describe the isolated effects of ineffective parenting on the development of substance abuse and eating disorders during the adolescent period. However, the relationship between both eating disorders and substance abuse is underplayed and need to be stressed upon to tailor behaviour-specific targeted therapies and restore the normalcy of these altered behaviours. How the parenting style adopted can lead to a concurrent amalgam of disordered eating patterns and substance abuse. How disordered eating behaviours and substance abuse are initiated as coping strategies to deal with the consequences of poor parenting. Isolation of specific risk factors to deter the development of those deviant behaviours in addition to improvement of parenting methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalina Ramsewak
- Psychiatry Department, A.G. Jeetoo Hospital, Port-Louis, Mauritius
| | - Numrata Moty
- Faculty of Law, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Manish Putteeraj
- School of Health Sciences, University of Technology, Port-Louis, Mauritius
| | - Jhoti Somanah
- School of Health Sciences, University of Technology, Port-Louis, Mauritius
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18
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Hellman M. Digital screens and children. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2022; 39:469-472. [PMID: 36284742 PMCID: PMC9549218 DOI: 10.1177/14550725221125586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
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19
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Ostrov JM, Murray-Close D, Perry KJ, Perhamus GR, Memba GV, Rice DR, Nowalis S. Parenting and Adjustment Problems among Preschoolers during COVID-19. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2022; 32:93-109. [PMID: 36157198 PMCID: PMC9488881 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-022-02439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A critical area of developmental science explores factors that confer risk or protection as young children and their families experience stressful circumstances related to sociohistorical events. This study contributes to this important area by assessing relations between family context and child adjustment as children transitioned from preschool to home learning during COVID-19, and whether children higher in stress levels, indexed by morning basal cortisol, were more strongly affected. Parents of 74 children (M age = 53.56 months, SD age = 3.68 months) completed reports spanning the home learning transition; children's pre-COVID-19 transition salivary cortisol levels were assessed. Path analyses were used to test the preregistered study aims. Significant interactions were decomposed using simple slopes and Preacher's Regions of Significance (ROS) method. Across the COVID-19 transition to home-based school, children with higher morning basal cortisol experienced the sharpest increase in anger when exposed to harsh/inconsistent parenting contexts. Importantly, these effects held when controlling for household chaos, socioeconomic resources, and supportive parenting. Parallel models with supportive parenting were also tested and are discussed. This study is one of the first to test and provide support for biological sensitivity to context theory within the context of a natural experiment like COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M. Ostrov
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Dianna Murray-Close
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Kristin J. Perry
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Gretchen R. Perhamus
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Gabriela V. Memba
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Danielle R. Rice
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Sarah Nowalis
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
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20
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Li G, Conti AA, Qiu C, Tang W. Adolescent mobile phone addiction during the COVID-19 pandemic predicts subsequent suicide risk: a two-wave longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1537. [PMID: 35962376 PMCID: PMC9372972 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the rate of mobile phone addiction and suicidality among adolescents have increased during the pandemic lockdown. However, the relationship between mobile phone addiction and suicide risk and the underlying psychological mechanisms remains unknown. This study examined the associations between mobile phone addiction in adolescents during the first month of lockdown and the suicide risk in the subsequent five months. A two-wave short-term longitudinal web-based survey was conducted on 1609 senior high school students (mean age = 16.53 years, SD = 0.97 years; 63.5% female). At Time 1 (T1), the severity of mobile phone addiction and basic demographic information was collected from Feb 24 to 28, 2020 in Sichuan Province, China (at the pandemic's peak). Five months later, between July 11 and July 23 (Time 2, T2), mobile phone addiction, daytime sleepiness, depression, and suicidality were measured within the past five months. The regression analysis revealed that mobile phone addiction during quarantine directly predicted suicidality within the next five months, even after controlling for the effect of depression and daytime sleepiness. Meanwhile, mobile phone addiction at T1 also indirectly predicted suicidality at T2, with depression and daytime sleepiness mediating this association. Programs targeting improvement of daytime sleepiness and depressive symptoms may be particularly effective in reducing suicide risk among adolescents with mobile phone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangqin Li
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Aldo Alberto Conti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Changjian Qiu
- Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wanjie Tang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Watson A, Dumuid D, Maher C, Fraysse F, Mauch C, Tomkinson GR, Ferguson T, Olds T. Parenting Styles and Their Associations with Children's Body Composition, Activity Patterns, Fitness, Diet, Health, and Academic Achievement. Child Obes 2022. [PMID: 35950961 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2022.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Evidence regarding the impact of parenting style on health and other outcomes is inconsistent and limited by measurement quality and type. This study will examine associations between parenting style and children's objectively assessed activity patterns, body composition, fitness, diet, health, and academic achievement. Methods: Two hundred fifty-five children (mean age: 9.4 years) from Adelaide, Australia, were included. Parenting style (items from Child Rearing Questionnaire and National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth to assess Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive, Disengaged parenting), diet, and health were proxy-reported by parents. Body composition, fitness, and 24 hour activity patterns were objectively measured, and children reported screen-time. Academic achievement was measured using standardized tests in reading and mathematics. Mixed models were used to regress parenting style against activity patterns, body composition, fitness, diet, health, and academic achievement, adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic position, and pubertal stage. Results: Children with Disengaged parents had poorer activity patterns: less moderate to vigorous physical activity (standard mean difference [SMD] relative to grand mean = -0.23), light physical activity (SMD = -0.13) and sleep (SMD = -0.18), more sitting (SMD = 0.45), later bedtime (SMD = 0.18), lower overall energy expenditure (SMD = -0.23), and poorer overall self-reported health (SMD = -0.30). Children with Permissive parents had generally better activity patterns (SMD = 0.25-0.32). Children with Authoritative parents were more likely to meet dietary guidelines for fruit intake (SMD = 0.12). There were no associations for Authoritarian parenting style or for academic achievement, body composition, or fitness. Conclusions: Disengaged parenting was detrimental, while Permissive parenting was beneficial for activity patterns. As parenting styles may be malleable, future interventions may target Permissive parenting to improve children's activity patterns. Trial registration: Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, identifier ACTRN12618002008202. Retrospectively registered on 14 December 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Watson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Carol Maher
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Francois Fraysse
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Chelsea Mauch
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, USA
| | - Ty Ferguson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tim Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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22
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Zafar N, Naeem M, Zehra A, Muhammad T, Sarfraz M, Hamid H, Enam K, Moaz M, Shah B, Ishaque S, Muhammad N. Parenting practices, stressors and parental concerns during COVID-19 in Pakistan. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 130:105393. [PMID: 34802747 PMCID: PMC8576182 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a global crisis that has added fear, uncertainty, and stress to parents. Parents are going through several challenges related to school closure, financial insecurity and working remotely. These stressors are affecting the mental health of parents. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to observe major stressors along with the impact of COVID-19 on parental concerns and practices during lockdown. PARTICIPANTS Sample (N = 923) was selected through purposive sampling from parents attending Out Patients Departments of hospitals in three provincial capital cities of Pakistan having a high burden of COVID-19, i.e. Lahore, Karachi and Peshawar. Parents having at least one child younger than 18 years were included in the study. METHODS A quantitative design was used using a COVID-19 Parenting Response Scale (α = 0.74). It was used as a self-administered tool for parents who knew how to read and write Urdu/English language, however it was conducted as a structured interview for those who could not read/write. Data was analyzed by applying descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, percentage), independent sample t-test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. RESULTS Findings of the current study showed several stressful factors for parents during COVID-19 pandemic, mainly financial burden, children's education, uncertainty of the situation, and many others. The study also suggests an association of parental concerns during COVID-19 with parenting practices. CONCLUSION COVID-19 pandemic presents a global crisis not only of the health of the people but also on family relations and mental well-being. Findings of this research indicate the need for targeted and accessible interventions for mental health of parents especially during these challenging circumstances so that they can cope with the challenges in an effective way and be able to take care of their children better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Zafar
- PAHCHAAN (Protection and Help of Children Against Abuse and Neglect), Canal Park, Gulberg II, Lahore, Pakistan; Child Rights Department, The University of Lahore. Main Campus, 1-KM Defence Road, Near Bhuptian Chowk, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Globark Institute of Development and Training (GIDAT), Pakistan.
| | - Mehek Naeem
- PAHCHAAN (Protection and Help of Children Against Abuse and Neglect), Canal Park, Gulberg II, Lahore, Pakistan; Child Rights Department, The University of Lahore. Main Campus, 1-KM Defence Road, Near Bhuptian Chowk, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Globark Institute of Development and Training (GIDAT), Pakistan
| | - Andleeb Zehra
- PAHCHAAN (Protection and Help of Children Against Abuse and Neglect), Canal Park, Gulberg II, Lahore, Pakistan; Child Rights Department, The University of Lahore. Main Campus, 1-KM Defence Road, Near Bhuptian Chowk, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tufail Muhammad
- CRG-PPA (Child Rights Group PPA), Pakistan; Globark Institute of Development and Training (GIDAT), Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Muhammad Moaz
- PAHCHAAN (Protection and Help of Children Against Abuse and Neglect), Canal Park, Gulberg II, Lahore, Pakistan; CRG-PPA (Child Rights Group PPA), Pakistan
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23
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Katz C, Fallon B. Two years into COVID-19: What do we know so far about child maltreatment in times of a pandemic and what else should be explored? CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 130:105546. [PMID: 35148888 PMCID: PMC8824722 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmit Katz
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Barbara Fallon
- The Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, the University of Toronto, Canada.
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Cimino S, Di Vito P, Cerniglia L. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on psychopathological symptoms in mothers and their school-age children before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic peak. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 43:1-10. [PMID: 35789629 PMCID: PMC9243995 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on children's and caregivers' mental health. We investigated psychopathological symptoms in a group of non-at-risk and a group of at-risk mothers and their school-age children from the pre-pandemic period to the lockdown period and to the post-lockdown period. We used the SCL-90/R to assess mothers' psychological symptoms, the CBCL 1½-5, and the CBCL 6-18 for the perceived children's emotional-behavioral functioning. Analysis of variance was conducted to assess significant differences in the groups over the three assessment points. Linear regressions were run to investigate the effect of maternal psychological symptoms on their children's functioning. In the non-at-risk group, maternal psychopathological symptoms significantly varied during the pandemic. Children's Aggression scores decreased after the lockdown, while Depression scores significantly increased during lockdown and after. The mothers in the at- risk group presented overall decreasing scores over the three assessment points. Children's Aggression scores did not increase during lockdown. Depression scores did not show significant changes over the three assessment points. Overall, our results showed that mothers' psychopathological risk did not influence specific areas of children's emotional/behavioral functioning, but it had an effect on the general offspring psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cimino
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical and Health Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Di Vito
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical and Health Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Cerniglia
- Faculty of Psychology, International Telematic University Uninettuno, 00186 Rome, Italy
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Li C, Cheng G, He S, Xie X, Tian G, Jiang N, Min X, Shi Y, Li R, Zhou T, Yan Y. Prevalence, correlates, and trajectory of screen viewing among Chinese children in Changsha: a birth cohort study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1170. [PMID: 35690770 PMCID: PMC9188020 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High screen viewing time has detrimental effects on children's health, development, and behavior developing. Children are being exposed to more and more media devices at an earlier age. This study was aimed to determine the amount of daily screen time and its variation and to assess potential factors of screen time by identifying the trajectory of screen time among children aged 1 to 5 years. METHOD This study was based on a representative sample of Changsha young children from a cohort study during 2015-2020. The demographic information and children's screen viewing time were collected by parents or caregivers through face-to-face interviews. The Latent growth model was used to test the effects of outdoor play on screen viewing time at eight time points, meanwhile, unconditional and conditional models were examined sequentially. RESULT After excluding respondents with missing key variables, we included 953 children in the final analysis. Children's outdoor play was slightly increased at 18 months and subsequently declined at 24-60 months, with a maximum duration of 2.96 h per day. Children's average screen time was increased at 18-36 months, and decreased at 42-54 months, with a slight increase at 60 months. The duration of media exposure peaked at 1.4 h/d at age of 36 months and 60 months. Standardized coefficients of the outdoor play at age of 12 months showed negative effects on the screen time in children, but with positive influence at age of 24, 36, and 42 months (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION High proportions of young Chinese children in Changsha had more screen time than the AAP recommended according to our analysis. Significant predictors of screen time included pregnancy computer use, paternal educational level, and outdoor play in this study, however, further understanding of risk factors is needed to promote great public health efforts to reduce children's screen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Simin He
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaowei Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Ni Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Xianying Min
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
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Baumann A, Vázquez A, Macchione A, Lima A, Coelho A, Juras M, Ribeiro M, Kohlsdorf M, Carothers B. Translation and validation of the evidence-based practice attitude scale (EBPAS-15) to Brazilian Portuguese: Examining providers' perspective about evidence-based parent intervention. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2022; 136:106421. [PMID: 35431379 PMCID: PMC9012479 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Few existing evidence-based parent interventions (EBPIs) for prevention and treatment of child and youth mental health disorders are implemented in low-middle-income countries. This study aimed to translate and confirm the factor structure of the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS-15) survey in Brazilian Portuguese with the goal of examining providers' perspective about EBPIs. Methods We translated and back translated the EBPAS-15 from English to Brazilian Portuguese. Participants were recruited via snowball sampling and data were collected using an online survey from July of 2018 through January of 2020. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to determine if the scale retained its original structure. Open-ended questions about providers' perspectives of their own clinical practice were coded using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Analyses included data from 362 clinicians (318 women, 41 men) from 20 of the 27 states of Brazil. Participants on average were 26.7 years old, held specialist degrees in the field of psychology, actively worked as therapists, and practiced in private clinics. Results The translation of the EBPAS to Brazilian Portuguese retained the same four-factor structure as the English version except for dropping one item from the Divergence domain. When asked about the challenges in their practices, providers generally referred to parents as clients with little skills to discipline their children and lacking knowledge about child development. Discussion The Brazilian version of the EBPAS-15 is promising, but future research should consider using quantitative data alongside qualitative information to better understand providers' attitudes about evidence-based interventions to inform implementation efforts. Trial registration N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.A. Baumann
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - A.C. Macchione
- Centro Paradigma de Ciências do Comportamento, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A. Lima
- Sam Houston State University, TX, USA
| | - A.F. Coelho
- Universidade de Brasilia, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - M. Juras
- Florida Gulf Coast University, USA
| | - M. Ribeiro
- Aiutare Instituto de Psicologia, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - M. Kohlsdorf
- Centro Universitario UniCEUB, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - B.J. Carothers
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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Vargas Rubilar J, Richaud MC, Lemos VN, Balabanian C. Parenting and Children's Behavior During the COVID 19 Pandemic: Mother's Perspective. Front Psychol 2022; 13:801614. [PMID: 35478742 PMCID: PMC9035554 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.801614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many parents have felt anxious, overwhelmed, and stressed out due to the changes in education and family and working routines. This work aimed to (a) describe three dimensions of perceived parenting (positive parenting, parenting stress, and parental school support) in the COVID-19 pandemic context, (b) describe possible changes perceived by mothers in their children's behavior during the social isolation phase, (c) analyze if behavioral changes vary according to the dimension of perceived parenting, and (d) analyze whether the characteristics of perceived parenting dimensions vary with mother's age, number of children and number of work hours. The purposive sample consisted of 646 mothers of school-aged children in Argentina. Questionnaires on sociodemographic and work-related data, and on children's behavior were administered, as well as an instrument (Vargas Rubilar et al., 2021) that assessed the three parenting dimensions (positive parenting, parenting stress, and parent-school support). The sociodemographic and work-related variables of the study were described using descriptive statistics: measures of central tendency, frequencies, and percentages. The changes perceived in children's behavior according to the reports given by the mothers regarding positive parenting, parenting stress, and school support were compared using the Mann Whitney's U test, respecting the qualitative nature of the evaluated indicators. A factorial MANOVA was conducted to analyze the effect of mother's age, ä number of children, and the number of work hours on parenting perceived by mothers. Parenting dimensions influenced the perceived children's behavior. Mothers with higher positive parenting perceived more changes in their children's behavior. In addition, those mothers who were more stressed out perceived more problems in almost all the measured behaviors than less stressed mothers. The mothers who reported to have provided more school support to their children perceived that they adapted better to online classes. Finally, mothers' age and the number of children I parenting, particularly on parenting stress and school support, whereas work hours did not. A number of children affected stress and school support, and age only affected parenting stress. The only significant interaction regarding parenting was observed between the number of children and the number of work hours, which specifically affected parenting stress. Although social isolation due to COVID-19 affected children's behavior, according to mothers, this might be partially linked to the number of children, mothers' age, and the mothers' parenting style. These initial findings may allow the identification of some protective factors and some risk factors of parenting in the Argentine context of a pandemic, and the design of preventive psychoeducational interventions to optimize the psychological wellbeing of families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jael Vargas Rubilar
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud y del Comportamiento (CIICSAC), Universidad Adventista del Plata, Libertador San Martín, Argentina
| | - María Cristina Richaud
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud y del Comportamiento (CIICSAC), Universidad Adventista del Plata, Libertador San Martín, Argentina
| | - Viviana Noemí Lemos
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud y del Comportamiento (CIICSAC), Universidad Adventista del Plata, Libertador San Martín, Argentina
| | - Cinthia Balabanian
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud y del Comportamiento (CIICSAC), Universidad Adventista del Plata, Libertador San Martín, Argentina
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Han TS, Cho H, Sung D, Park MH. A systematic review of the impact of COVID-19 on the game addiction of children and adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:976601. [PMID: 36061296 PMCID: PMC9435970 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.976601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is reported that children and adolescents who are socially isolated experience high levels of stress and various mental health problems. At present, little research has been done to collect previous studies that focused on game addiction in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this research, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of gaming disorder during COVID-19 in children and adolescents and the various factors experienced by children and adolescents that affected gaming disorder. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane on 5 May 2021 to identify relevant literature. We extracted the prevalence estimates of game addiction from the studies to measure the global prevalence of game addiction. Then, we found the answers to the questions raised and synthesized them into several themes. RESULTS We identified 2,609 articles. Among them, studies that were not related to the topic, duplicated, and that did not meet the selection criteria were excluded, and 18 studies were selected. We rated most of the studies as moderate, and a few were low, and high. A majority of studies found an increase in game usage time and game addiction score during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some children and adolescents in emotional pain play games to communicate with their peers. Regarding parenting, violent parenting and the absence of parental supervision increase levels of game addiction in children. Gaming disorder was caused by the impact of COVID-19 in a vulnerable group with predisposing factors such as depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Adolescents and males scored higher on a game addiction scale, although we could not find any quantitative correlations due to the heterogeneous scales used for gaming addiction. CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic, isolated children and adolescents reported increased gaming hours as a result of coping with their psychological pain and avoiding social isolation. Their parents, who should provide proper supervision, also failed to provide appropriate support due to the stress caused by the pandemic. Mental health providers should educate children, adolescents, and their guardians on alternative ways to relieve stress and help parents effectively control their children's usage of games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Sun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Heejun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dajung Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Hyeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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