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Ko E, Kim HK. Parenting experiences of marriage immigrant women in South Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive phenomenological study. WOMEN'S HEALTH NURSING (SEOUL, KOREA) 2024; 30:153-163. [PMID: 38987919 PMCID: PMC11237363 DOI: 10.4069/whn.2024.05.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the experiential meaning of child-rearing for marriage immigrant women in Korea in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS Using the hermeneutic descriptive phenomenology framework developed by Colaizzi, 10 marriage immigrant women rearing preschool and school-age children were invited through purposive and snowball sampling from two multicultural support centers in Korea. The participants were rearing one or two children, and their original nationalities were Vietnamese, Japanese, Cambodian, and Chinese. Individual in-depth, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted from September 1 to November 30, 2021. We extracted significant statements from the transcripts, transformed these into abstract formulations, and organized them into theme clusters and themes to authentically capture the essence of the participants' subjective experiences. RESULTS Four theme clusters with 14 themes were derived. The four theme clusters identified were "navigating child healthcare alone," "guilt for not providing a social experience," "worry about media-dependent parenting," and "feelings of incompleteness and exclusion." This study explored the perspectives of mothers raising children as marriage migrant women who experienced physical and emotional health crises due to the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION The findings underscore that marriage immigrant women encountered heightened challenges in managing their children's health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic due to linguistic and cultural barriers limiting access to healthcare and information. Additionally, these women experienced considerable emotional stress from perceived inadequacies in providing a holistic social and developmental environment for their children under extensive social restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Ko
- Department of Nursing, U1 University, Youngdong, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyoung Kim
- Department of Nursing, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
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Lassri D, Gewirtz-Meydan A, Nolte T. Transdiagnostic factors in the COVID-19 pandemic: Examining the role of childhood abuse and neglect in establishing latent profiles of risk and resilience. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024:106808. [PMID: 38693009 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ample studies have focused on the negative consequences of COVID-19 on mental well-being, but fewer have explored the specific role of childhood abuse and neglect in the context of risk and resilience during this unprecedented crisis. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify distinct profiles of individuals based on their experiences of childhood abuse and neglect, coping strategies, and psycho-social transdiagnostic risk and protective factors, using a person-centered approach. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A convenience sample of 914 Israelis completed self-report questionnaires during the second wave of COVID-19. METHODS Latent Profile Analysis was employed based on levels of childhood abuse and neglect, coping strategies, and established factors underpinning risk and resilience in mental health: dissociation, self-criticism, self-efficacy, self-compassion, attachment insecurity, psychological resilience, mentalizing, distress disclosure, psychopathology, and relationship satisfaction. Profiles were compared in COVID-19-related distress and well-being using ANOVAs. RESULTS A four-profile solution was found to be optimal for describing individuals with different profiles of risk and resilience: "risk" (5.1 %)-individuals with meaningfully high levels of childhood abuse and neglect and dissociation; "vulnerable" (14.2 %)-individuals high in risk factors and low in protective factors; "moderately resilient" (47.6 %)-those with moderate levels of protective and risk factors; "highly resilient" (33.1 %)-individuals high in protective factors and low in risk factors; groups differed in mental well-being and COVID-19-related distress. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of childhood abuse and neglect in differentiating between the two distinct profiles of at-risk individuals. Implications for risk assessment and treatment in the context of potential traumatic stress are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Lassri
- The Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; Research Department of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London (UCL), United Kingdom.
| | - Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel. agewirtz-@univ.haifa.ac.il
| | - Tobias Nolte
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London (UCL), United Kingdom; Anna Freud, United Kingdom.
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Lazar A, Gewirtz-Meydan A, Rosenbaum TY. War-Time Stress and Sexual Well-Being in Israel. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2024; 36:1-14. [PMID: 38596811 PMCID: PMC10903651 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2024.2317169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objective This study explored the relationship between war-related stressors and sexual well-being among a civilian population during the 2023 Israel-Hamas War, emphasizing a comprehensive assessment of sexual satisfaction, function, and distress. We aimed to investigate how direct exposure, media exposure, and acute stress symptoms during the war contribute to various dimensions of sexual well-being using a quasi-longitudinal online survey method. Methods An online survey with a convenience sample of 1033 Israeli adults, utilizing measures of direct and media exposure to war stress, acute stress symptoms, and various aspects of sexual well-being, both pre-war and present was distributed. Data analysis involved Pearson correlations and hierarchical regression. Results There were significant associations between stress-related variables and sexual well-being, highlighting the differential contribution of direct exposure, media exposure, and acute stress symptoms. Direct exposure to stress was uniquely associated with sexual dysfunction, while media exposure and acute stress symptoms contributed significantly to predicting various aspects of sexual well-being. Conclusions Recognizing the multifaceted impact of stress during wartime on sexual well-being is crucial for developing comprehensive mental health interventions that address individual and societal factors. This study contributes valuable insights into the relationships between stress-related variables and sexual well-being during wartime, emphasizing the need for holistic approaches in addressing the intimate challenges individuals face during times of conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryeh Lazar
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Abdul-Ghani S, Lathan EC, Miao A, Gibbons R, Eghbalzad L, Powers A, Fani N. Contributions of Trauma and Economic Insecurity to Psychological Distress in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. MENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 1:222-230. [PMID: 38707932 PMCID: PMC11068086 DOI: 10.1002/mhs2.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Racially minoritized women with limited socioeconomic resources are at increased risk for adverse psychological outcomes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Disproportionate rates of trauma exposure and economic insecurity likely heighten risk for these outcomes among socioeconomically vulnerable individuals, but the unique contributions of these factors are poorly understood. As such, we examined trauma and economic factors as predictors of pandemic-related psychological distress and symptoms. Methods Ninety-six women recruited for a trauma research study (91.7% Black, Mage=38.3 years, SDage=11.8 years) completed measures of trauma exposure, economic insecurity, and several items assessing psychological distress and symptoms related to the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined concern for mental and physical health impacts of COVID-19 as well as changes in self-reported levels of anxiety and anhedonia from the three months prior to the pandemic to the past two weeks. Linear regression analyses were used to assess contributions of trauma exposure and economic insecurity to COVID-19-related distress. Results Childhood maltreatment and lifetime trauma exposure did not predict COVID-19-related distress; however, financial concern significantly contributed to concern for the physical health impact of COVID-19 (B = .30, p < .05). Food insecurity emerged as the only significant predictor of concern for mental health impact of COVID-19 (B=.91, p < .01). Housing instability was the only significant predictor of COVID-19-related increases in anhedonia (B = -.30, p < .05). Conclusions Economic insecurity, namely self-reported financial concern, food insecurity, and housing instability, was related to COVID-19-related psychological distress in a sample of predominately Black American women living in under-resourced communities. Findings may help identify populations at risk for COVID-19-related psychological distress and symptoms and develop effective interventions, such as expanding access to nutritious food sources and housing support, for minoritized community members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Abdul-Ghani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Emma C Lathan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Amanda Miao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rebecca Gibbons
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Abigail Powers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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Matud MP, Zueco J, Del Pino-Espejo MJ, Fortes D, Beleña MÁ, Santos C, Díaz A. The Evolution of Psychological Distress Levels in University Students in Spain during Different Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Risk and Protective Factors. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:2583-2598. [PMID: 37998070 PMCID: PMC10670007 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13110180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study assesses the evolution of stressful events and psychological distress in male and female students over three different time periods of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: the initial "lockdown", with no face-to-face teaching; the "new normality" period, when classes were resumed; and two years after the first wave of the pandemic. The participants were 1200 Spanish university students who were assessed for psychological distress, COVID-19-associated stressful events, social support, and self-esteem. Female students reported more stressful events and higher levels of psychological distress than male students during the "lockdown" and "new normality" time periods of the first wave of the pandemic. However, these differences disappeared in the third period tested, two years after the first wave of the pandemic, with female and male students showing no differences in psychological distress or in the number of stressful events. The main risk predictors of psychological distress during the first wave of the pandemic were lower self-esteem and having suffered a high number of stressful events. The last variable, number of stressful events associated with COVID-19, lost most its effect two years later, when only self-esteem presented a strong and highly significant predictive role.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pilar Matud
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (M.P.M.); (D.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Jesús Zueco
- Department of Microbiology, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
| | | | - Demelsa Fortes
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (M.P.M.); (D.F.); (C.S.)
| | - María Ángeles Beleña
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Cristina Santos
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (M.P.M.); (D.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Amelia Díaz
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
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Kaya A, Mukba G, Özok Hİ. A Person-Centered Approach to Emotional Security: Latent Profile Analysis of the Dark Triad and Psychological Symptoms. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231203561. [PMID: 37738659 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231203561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined emotional security utilizing a person-centered approach. Therefore, in the present study, we conceptualized a multidimensional construct that includes psychological symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) and the dark triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). Applying latent profile analysis (LPA) allows the exploration of the interaction of emotional security with the dark triad traits and psychological symptoms in the sample at the level of sub-classes. Depression, stress, anxiety, Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy were determined as profile indicators. Moreover, satisfaction with life and the psychological well-being of the sub-classes were predicted. Data were gathered from 558 participants (418 females, %74.9) with an average age of 22.44 years). LPA indicated four distinct profiles: 'High emotional security and low psychological symptoms, and dark triad traits' (22%), 'Low emotional security and high psychological symptoms, dark triad traits' (5%), 'Low emotional security and moderate dark triad traits' (28%), 'Moderate emotional security, psychological symptoms, and dark triad traits' (45%). Mixture modeling approach-based research provides a complementary view of the previous psychopathology literature. The findings could help practitioners target at-risk university students with low emotional security, low psychological well-being, and low life satisfaction and design programs to aid them in alleviating the psychological symptoms and the dark triad traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alican Kaya
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counselling, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Gamze Mukba
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counselling, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Halil İbrahim Özok
- Department of Mesurament and Assessment, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
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Xia J, Zhu L, Huang H, Fan P, Zhou M, Cai XL, He H. Relationships between childhood trauma and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a network analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1251473. [PMID: 37743981 PMCID: PMC10515217 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1251473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood trauma has been found to have an important impact on mental health. However, little is known regarding the intercorrelations between childhood trauma and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate such complex interplay between childhood trauma, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress level during the COVID-19 pandemic, and fear of COVID-19 using network analysis. Methods A total of 1,247 college students were recruited and were asked to complete a series of questionnaires, including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, Post-traumatic Stress Checklist-Civilian version, and Fear of COVID-19 Scale. The Gaussian graphical model with the scores of the questionnaires as nodes was estimated. The partial correlations between nodes were calculated as edges. Moreover, network comparison tests were conducted to compare the network patterns between participants with high levels of childhood trauma and low levels of childhood trauma. Results Childhood trauma was found to be connected to depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress level. The node of childhood trauma exhibited the strongest strength and the highest expected influence in the network. Participants with high levels of childhood trauma and participants with low levels of childhood trauma showed comparable network structure and global strength. Conclusion Our findings revealed a complex network pattern between childhood trauma and different mental health problems, indicating that childhood trauma might be a risk factor for mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Xia
- Department of Neurology, Changxing People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Institute of Brain Science and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huayun Huang
- Department of Neurology, Changxing People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Fan
- Department of Neurology, Changxing People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou, China
| | - Meifeng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Changxing People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou, China
| | - Xin-lu Cai
- Institute of Brain Science and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Neurology, Changxing People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Lotzin A, Flechsenhar A, Garthus-Niegel S, Georg AK, Holl J, von Hülsen L, Kenntemich L, Kliem S, Kröger C, Mack JT, Mojahed A, Nunius S, Schröder J, Seitz K, von Thadden A, Volkert J, Zrnic Novakovic I, Lueger-Schuster B. [Domestic violence and its psychological consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic-key findings from German-speaking countries]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023:10.1007/s00103-023-03747-8. [PMID: 37428206 PMCID: PMC10371903 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The impact of traumatic experiences on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic has been insufficiently discussed in the German-speaking countries. Against this background, a working group of scientifically and clinically active colleagues was formed on behalf of the German-Speaking Society for Psychotraumatology (DeGPT). The aim of the working group was to summarize central research findings on the incidence of domestic violence and associated psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in German-speaking countries and to discuss their implications. In addition, associations between pre-existing childhood trauma and psychological distress during the pandemic should be illuminated. The present narrative review was prepared for this purpose.The results of the studies conducted indicate high prevalences of domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic, which, however, predominantly correspond to pre-pandemic prevalences. Adults with current or pre-existing interpersonal traumatic experiences during childhood or adolescence reported increased psychological distress during the pandemic compared with adults without such experiences. A number of risk factors (e.g., female gender, lower frequency of social contacts) increased the risk of psychological distress and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms during the pandemic. According to these findings, people with current or past interpersonal trauma exposure represent a vulnerable group with special support needs during pandemic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Lotzin
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
- Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy (ICPP), Department Psychologie, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland.
| | - Aleya Flechsenhar
- Lehrstuhl für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy (ICPP), Department Psychologie, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland
- Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits- und Sozialmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Anna Katharina Georg
- Institut für Psychosoziale Prävention, Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Julia Holl
- Institut für Psychosoziale Prävention, Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Leonie von Hülsen
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Laura Kenntemich
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland
- Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy (ICPP), Department Psychologie, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Sören Kliem
- Fachbereich Sozialwesen, Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena, University of Applied Sciences, Jena, Deutschland
- Department of Welfare, Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena, University of Applied Sciences, Jena, Deutschland
| | - Christoph Kröger
- Abteilung Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Deutschland
| | - Judith T Mack
- Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits- und Sozialmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Amera Mojahed
- Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits- und Sozialmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | | | - Johanna Schröder
- Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy (ICPP), Department Psychologie, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Katja Seitz
- Klinik für Allgemeine Psychiatrie, Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Alexandra von Thadden
- Abteilung Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Deutschland
| | - Jana Volkert
- Fakultät Naturwissenschaften, MSB Medical School Hamburg, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Irina Zrnic Novakovic
- Institut für Klinische und Gesundheitspsychologie, Fakultät für Psychologie, Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
| | - Brigitte Lueger-Schuster
- Institut für Klinische und Gesundheitspsychologie, Fakultät für Psychologie, Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
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De Rubeis V, Gonzalez A, de Groh M, Jiang Y, Erbas Oz U, Tarride JE, Basta NE, Kirkland S, Wolfson C, Griffith LE, Raina P, Anderson LN. Obesity and adverse childhood experiences in relation to stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:197-206. [PMID: 36690842 PMCID: PMC9868513 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with obesity are at increased risk of chronic stress, and this may have been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are also associated with both obesity and stress, and may modify risk of stress among people with obesity. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the associations between obesity, ACEs, and stress during the pandemic, and to determine if the association between obesity and stress was modified by ACEs. METHODS A longitudinal study was conducted among adults aged 50-96 years (n = 23,972) from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) COVID-19 Study. Obesity and ACEs were collected pre-pandemic (2015-2018), and stress was measured at COVID-19 Exit Survey (Sept-Dec 2020). We used logistic, Poisson, and negative binomial regression to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between obesity, ACEs, and stress outcomes during the pandemic. Interaction by ACEs was evaluated on the additive and multiplicative scales. RESULTS People with obesity were more likely to experience an increase in overall stressors (class III obesity vs. healthy weight RR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.12-1.27) as well as increased health related stressors (class III obesity vs. healthy weight RR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.12-1.39) but did not perceive the consequences of the pandemic as negative. ACEs were also associated an increase in overall stressors (4-8 ACEs vs. none RR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.33-1.44) and being more likely to perceive the pandemic as negative (4-8 ACEs vs. none RR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.19-1.47). The association between obesity and stress was not modified by ACEs. CONCLUSIONS Increased stress during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic was observed among people with obesity or ACEs. The long-term outcomes of stress during the pandemic need to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa De Rubeis
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Margaret de Groh
- Applied Research Division, Center for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, K0A 0K9, Canada
| | - Ying Jiang
- Applied Research Division, Center for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, K0A 0K9, Canada
| | - Urun Erbas Oz
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jean-Eric Tarride
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- McMaster University, Chair in Health Technology Management, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Center for Health Economics and Policy Analysis (CHEPA), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Programs for Assessment of Technology in Health (PATH), The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Nicole E Basta
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A2, Canada
| | - Susan Kirkland
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology and Division of Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christina Wolfson
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A2, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A2, Canada
| | - Lauren E Griffith
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Parminder Raina
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Laura N Anderson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
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Pilar Matud M, del Pino MJ, Bethencourt JM, Estefanía Lorenzo D. Stressful Events, Psychological Distress and Well-Being during the Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: A Gender Analysis. APPLIED RESEARCH IN QUALITY OF LIFE 2022; 18:1-29. [PMID: 36619208 PMCID: PMC9803894 DOI: 10.1007/s11482-022-10140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates gender differences in stressful events, psychological distress and well-being during the second wave of COVID-19 in Spain, analyzing women's and men's risk and resilience factors for psychological distress and for well-being. Participants were 1758 individuals from the general population, 50.8% women, aged between 18 and 79 years. Women and men did not differ in age, number of children, educational level, occupation or marital status. The participants were assessed by seven self-report questionnaires and scales. The results revealed that women experienced more psychological distress, more negative feelings, more stressful events related to the COVID-19 pandemic, more social support, and lower thriving and self-esteem than men. Multiple regression analyses showed that, in the case of women and men as well, self-esteem was the most important predictor of higher well-being and lower psychological distress and negative feelings while more COVID-19 pandemic-related stressful events were associated with higher psychological distress and lower well-being. Another important predictor of greater well-being for either gender was social support while unemployment was associated with lower well-being. In women and men, a higher educational level was associated with greater psychological distress and negative feelings; the male sample revealed that psychological distress was also connected to younger age while in women it was associated with lower instrumental social support. The results suggest that gender plays an important role in the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the risk being higher for women than for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Pilar Matud
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia, Universidad de La Laguna, Apartado 456, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Mª José del Pino
- Department of Sociology, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Bethencourt
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia, Universidad de La Laguna, Apartado 456, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - D. Estefanía Lorenzo
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia, Universidad de La Laguna, Apartado 456, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
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Katz C, Fallon B. Two years into COVID-19: What do we know so far about child maltreatment in times of a pandemic and what else should be explored? CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 130:105546. [PMID: 35148888 PMCID: PMC8824722 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmit Katz
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Barbara Fallon
- The Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, the University of Toronto, Canada.
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Ghassabian A, Jacobson MH, Kahn LG, Brubaker SG, Mehta-Lee SS, Trasande L. Maternal Perceived Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Pre-Existing Risk Factors and Concurrent Correlates in New York City Women. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604497. [PMID: 35479764 PMCID: PMC9035490 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We examined whether pre-pandemic mental health and sociodemographic characteristics increased the susceptibility of pregnant women and mothers of young children to stress in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Between April and August 2020, we surveyed 1560 women participating in a sociodemographically diverse birth cohort in New York City. Women reported their perceived stress, resiliency, and financial, familial/societal, and health-related concerns. We extracted pre-pandemic information from questionnaires and electronic health records. Results: Pre-pandemic history of depression, current financial difficulties, and COVID-19 infection were the main risk factors associated with high perceived stress. Being Hispanic and having higher resiliency scores and preexisting social support were protective against high perceived stress. Major contributors to current perceived stress were financial and familial/societal factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Among pregnant women, changes to prenatal care were common, as were changes to experiences following birth among postpartum women and difficulties in arranging childcare among mothers of young children. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that major risk factors of higher stress during the pandemic were similar to those of other major traumatic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhgar Ghassabian
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Melanie H. Jacobson
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Linda G. Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sara G. Brubaker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shilpi S. Mehta-Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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