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Bhakta N, Kaplitz AS, Black D, Schug KA. Characterization of a Soft Ionization by Chemical Reaction in Transfer Ion Source Hyphenated With Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e202400500. [PMID: 39319578 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
A commercially available dielectric barrier discharge ionization (DBDI) source was tested with supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SFC-MS). The compound mixture investigated comprised caffeine, theobromine, theophylline, uracil, testosterone, and pyrene, diluted in methanol. Dynamic response ranges were evaluated with multiple injections at different concentrations. Precision studies demonstrated the robustness and sensitivity of the ionization source across a concentration range of 10-1000 ng/mL. Results from this experiment showed linear regression of 0.99 or greater for all analytes tested over the range with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 10% down to 10 ng/mL for all analytes except theobromine, which had an RSD of less than 10% down to 25 ng/mL. Notably, this study marks the first investigation of sensitivity for coupling a commercial DBDI source with SFC; a limit of detection less than 1 ng/mL was achieved for all compounds. This study demonstrates chromatographic separation by SFC and MS analysis for compounds that ionize poorly using traditional atmospheric pressure ionization, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Combining SFC with the DBDI source opens promising avenues for analyzing compounds that were previously challenging to characterize with standard atmospheric pressure ionization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niray Bhakta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander S Kaplitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Destini Black
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin A Schug
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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Machado ME, Nascimento MM, Bomfim Bahia PV, Martinez ST, Bittencourt de Andrade J. Analytical advances and challenges for the determination of heterocyclic aromatic compounds (NSO-HET) in sediment: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Song N, Tian Y, Luo Z, Dai J, Liu Y, Duan Y. Advances in pretreatment and analysis methods of aromatic hydrocarbons in soil. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6099-6113. [PMID: 35424557 PMCID: PMC8981609 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08633b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzene compounds that are prevalent in the soil as organic pollutants mainly include BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and three xylene isomers) and PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). These pose a severe threat to many aspects of human health. Therefore, the accurate measurement of BTEX and PAHs concentrations in the soil is of great importance. The samples for analysis of BTEX and PAHs need to be suitable for the various detection methods after pretreatment, which include Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction, solid-phase microextraction, supercritical extraction, and needle trap. The detection techniques mainly consist of gas chromatography (GC), mass spectrometry (MS), and online sensors, and provide comprehensive information on contaminants in the soil. Their performance is evaluated in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and recovery. Recently, there has been rapid progress in the pretreatment and analysis methods for the quantitative and qualitative analyses of BTEX and PAHs. Therefore, it is necessary to produce a timely and in-depth review of the emerging pretreatment and analysis methods, which is unfortunately absent from the recent literature. In this work, state-of-art extraction techniques and analytical methods have been summarized for the determination of BTEX and PAHs in soil, with a particular focus on the potential and limitations of the respective methods for different aromatic hydrocarbons. Accordingly, the paper will describe the basic methodological knowledge, as well as the recent advancement of pretreatment and analysis methods for samples containing BTEX and PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Yonghui Tian
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Zewei Luo
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Jianxiong Dai
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Yan Liu
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
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Bahia PVB, Nascimento MM, Hatje V, de Andrade JB, Machado ME. Microscale extraction combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles in marine sediments. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1653:462414. [PMID: 34320434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a novel method based on an ultrasound-assisted extraction microscale device (UAE-MSD) for the rapid and simultaneous determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASH) in marine sediments. Solvent extraction conditions were optimized by applying a simplex-centroid mixture design. Optimum conditions were used to validate and determine the concentrations of 17 PAH and 7 PASH. The best conditions were obtained by extracting sediments with 500 µL of DCM:MeOH (65:35, v:v) over 23 min of sonication. Analytes were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in selective ion monitoring (GC-MS/SIM). Matrix effects were evaluated, and matrix-matched calibration was used for quantitation. Analytical method validation was carried out using the certified reference material NIST SRM 1941b, as well as sediment spiked with PASH at three concentration levels. Recoveries ranged between 70.0 ± 3.5% and 119 ± 9.1% for PAH and 80.6 ± 10.4% and 120 ± 10% for PASH. Linearity (R2) was ≥0.99 for all compounds. Method detection limits ranged from 8.8 to 30.2 ng g-1, while limits of quantification ranged from 29.4 to 1011 ng g-1. UAE-MSD was applied to marine sediments exposed to different anthropogenic impacts collected in Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil. PAH concentrations ranged from <LOQ to 667 ng g-1, while PASH levels were <LOQ to 1152 ng g-1. Dibenzothiophene was the compound presented in the highest concentration in all samples, with values up to 249 ng g-1. The results indicated contributions of pyrogenic sources from all compounds. The developed method can potentially be applied to extract trace levels of compounds in different solid matrices to minimize extraction time and solvent consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Victor Bomfim Bahia
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Madson Moreira Nascimento
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Hatje
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Jailson Bittencourt de Andrade
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil; Centro Universitário SENAI-CIMATEC, Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845 - Piatã, Salvador, BA 41650-010, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabete Machado
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil.
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Rakhi R, Suresh CH. Optoelectronic Properties of Polycyclic Benzenoid Hydrocarbons of Various Sizes and Shapes for Donor‐π‐Acceptor Systems: A DFT Study. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Rakhi
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Cherumuttathu H. Suresh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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Yoshioka T, Nagatomi Y, Harayama K, Bamba T. Development of an analytical method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coffee beverages and dark beer using novel high-sensitivity technique of supercritical fluid chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:126-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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7
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On-line supercritical fluid extraction—supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1086:82-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Zhu Y, Li X, Huang J, Zhao C, Qi J, Jin Q, Wang X. Correlations between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polar components in edible oils during deep frying of peanuts. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Bigus P, Tsakovski S, Simeonov V, Namieśnik J, Tobiszewski M. Hasse diagram as a green analytical metrics tool: ranking of methods for benzo[a]pyrene determination in sediments. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:3833-41. [PMID: 27038058 PMCID: PMC4848339 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study presents an application of the Hasse diagram technique (HDT) as the assessment tool to select the most appropriate analytical procedures according to their greenness or the best analytical performance. The dataset consists of analytical procedures for benzo[a]pyrene determination in sediment samples, which were described by 11 variables concerning their greenness and analytical performance. Two analyses with the HDT were performed—the first one with metrological variables and the second one with “green” variables as input data. Both HDT analyses ranked different analytical procedures as the most valuable, suggesting that green analytical chemistry is not in accordance with metrology when benzo[a]pyrene in sediment samples is determined. The HDT can be used as a good decision support tool to choose the proper analytical procedure concerning green analytical chemistry principles and analytical performance merits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Bigus
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Stefan Tsakovski
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Chemistry, University of Sofia "St. Kl. Okhridski", J. Bourchier Blvd. 1, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vasil Simeonov
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Chemistry, University of Sofia "St. Kl. Okhridski", J. Bourchier Blvd. 1, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marek Tobiszewski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
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10
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Raters M, Matissek R. Quantitation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH4) in cocoa and chocolate samples by an HPLC-FD method. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10666-10671. [PMID: 25307999 DOI: 10.1021/jf5028729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of the PAH4 (sum of four different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, named benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene) maximum levels permitted in cocoa beans and derived products as of 2013, an high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method (HPLC-FD) was developed and adapted to the complex cocoa butter matrix to enable a simultaneous determination of PAH4. The resulting analysis method was subsequently successfully validated. This method meets the requirements of Regulation (EU) No. 836/2011 regarding analysis methods criteria for determining PAH4 and is hence most suitable for monitoring the observance of the maximum levels applicable under Regulation (EU) No. 835/2011. Within the scope of this work, a total of 218 samples of raw cocoa, cocoa masses, and cocoa butter from several sample years (1999-2012), of various origins and treatments, as well as cocoa and chocolate products were analyzed for the occurrence of PAH4. In summary, it is noted that the current PAH contamination level of cocoa products can be deemed very slight overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Raters
- Food Chemistry Institute (LCI) of the Association of the German Confectionery Industry, Adamsstraße 52-54, D-51063 Köln, Germany
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11
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Hoggard BR, Larsen CB, Lucas NT. Site Selectivity of [RuCp*]+ Complexation in Cyclopenta[def]triphenylenes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5008852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryce R. Hoggard
- MacDiarmid
Institute for
Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Christopher B. Larsen
- MacDiarmid
Institute for
Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Nigel T. Lucas
- MacDiarmid
Institute for
Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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12
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Chen HC, Kuo HW, Ding WH. Determination of Carbon-based Engineered Nanoparticles in Marketed Fish by Microwave-assisted Extraction and Liquid Chromatography-atmospheric Pressure Photoionization-tandem Mass Spectrometry. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201300356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Analyses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seafood by capillary electrochromatography–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1313:132-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Ramos-Gómez J, Viguri JR, Luque A, Vale C, Martín-Díaz ML, DelValls TA. Sediment-quality assessment using the polychaete Arenicola marina: contamination, bioavailability, and toxicity. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 61:578-589. [PMID: 21373924 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-011-9658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The sediment quality of Cádiz Bay, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (LPGC) Port, Santander Bay, Algeciras Bay, and Huelva Estuary (Spain) was evaluated by analysing a battery of biochemical biomarkers-activities of biotranformation enzymes ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase [EROD], dibenzylflourescein dealkylase [DBF], and glutathione S-transferase [GST]; activity of antioxidant enzyme glutathione reductase [GR]; and lipid peroxidation [LPO]-in the polychaete Arenicola marina after laboratory sediment exposure. Huelva Estuary polychaetes showed significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced LPO, GST, and EROD activities compared with control lugworms related to metals and presumably polychlorinated biphenyls. EROD activity significant (p < 0.05) induction was associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons after Santander Bay sediment exposure. Nickel appeared to significantly (p < 0.05) induce GR activity and LPO in LPGC Port sediment-exposed organisms. DBF activity significantly (p < 0.05) increased in polychaetes exposed to sediments from sewage-contaminated areas. A. marina was sensitive at the biochemical level. Integration of sediment characterization and biomarker results allowed the identification of polluted sites as well as the cause of possible sediment toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ramos-Gómez
- UNITWIN/UNESCO/WiCoP, Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain.
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Gosetti F, Chiuminatto U, Mazzucco E, Robotti E, Calabrese G, Gennaro MC, Marengo E. Simultaneous determination of thirteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and twelve aldehydes in cooked food by an automated on-line solid phase extraction ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6308-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ramos-Gómez J, Coz A, Viguri JR, Luque A, Martín-Díaz ML, DelValls TÁ. Biomarker responsiveness in different tissues of caged Ruditapes philippinarum and its use within an integrated sediment quality assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:1914-1922. [PMID: 21531489 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers comprising activities of biotransformation enzymes (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase -EROD-, dibenzylfluorescein dealkylase -DBF-, glutathione S-transferase -GST), antioxidant enzymes (glutathione reductase -GR- and glutathione peroxidase -GPX), lipid peroxidation -LPO- and DNA strand breaks were analyzed in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum caged at Cádiz Bay, Santander Bay and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (LPGC) Port (Spain). Sediments were characterized. Digestive gland was the most sensitive tissue to sediment contamination. In Cádiz Bay, changes in LPO regarding day 0 were related with metals. In LPGC Port, DBF, EROD, and GST activity responses suggested the presence of undetermined contaminants which might have led to DNA damage. In Santander Bay, PAHs were related with EROD activity, organic and metal contamination was found to be associated with GR and GST activities and DNA damage presented significant (p < 0.05) induction. R. philippinarum was sensitive to sediment contamination at biochemical level. Biomarkers allowed chemical exposure and sediment quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ramos-Gómez
- UNITWIN/UNESCO/WiCoP, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Cádiz, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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Ramos-Gómez J, Martins M, Raimundo J, Vale C, Martín-Díaz ML, DelValls TA. Validation of Arenicola marina in field toxicity bioassays using benthic cages: biomarkers as tools for assessing sediment quality. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 62:1538-1549. [PMID: 21530983 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sediment toxicity assessments using caged organisms present advantages over using laboratory and native community studies. The use of caged Arenicola marina in sediment toxicity assessments was evaluated. Lugworms were exposed in situ to sediments from coastal and port areas in Spain for seven days, and the activities of the biotransformation enzymes ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, dibenzylfluorescein dealkylase and glutathione S-transferase, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase and lipid peroxidation were then analyzed as biomarkers. Biomarker results and sediment physicochemical data were integrated. Cádiz Bay (SW Spain) sediments presented metal contamination that was not linked to a biochemical response. In LPGC Port (SW Spain), Pb contamination exhibited a moderate toxic potential, while PAHs, and presumably pharmaceuticals, provoked biochemical responses that efficiently prevented lipid peroxidation. In Santander Bay (N Spain), exposure to PAHs and, presumably, pharmaceuticals induced biomarker responses, but lipid peroxidation occurred nevertheless. These results indicated that caged A. marina were effective for the assessment of sediment quality and that the selected biomarkers were sufficiently sensitive to identify chemical exposure and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ramos-Gómez
- UNITWIN/UNESCO/WiCoP, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Cádiz, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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Ramos-Gómez J, Martín-Díaz ML, DelValls TA. Acute toxicity measured in the amphipod Ampelisca brevicornis after exposure to contaminated sediments from Spanish littoral. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2009; 18:1068-1076. [PMID: 19609670 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-009-0383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sediment toxicity of different areas of Spanish littoral was evaluated using an internationally recommended 10 day acute toxicity test with the amphipod Ampelisca brevicornis. Sediment samples from Santander Bay (N Spain), Las Palmas of Gran Canaria (SW Spain), Algeciras Bay (S Spain) and Ría of Huelva (SW Spain) were collected and organic carbon, fines, metals Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Co and Hg, PAHs and PCBs were analyzed for their characterization. Significant toxic effects compared with control site (P < 0.05) were observed after exposure to the sediments from Las Palmas of Gran Canaria port, from 83.3% of the sites studied in Algeciras Bay and from Ría of Huelva. These effects were associated (P < 0.05) with PCBs and metals Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in Ría of Huelva and to Ni and Co in the rest of sites. Chemical measurements were compared with international sediment quality guidelines and site-specific guidelines were derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ramos-Gómez
- UNITWIN/UNESCO/WiCoP, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, Cádiz, 11510, Spain.
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Combining microwave-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography–ion-trap mass spectrometry for the analysis of hexabromocyclododecane diastereoisomers in marine sediments. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7755-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 08/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Chung HW, Ding WH. Determination of organophosphate flame retardants in sediments by microwave-assisted extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with electron impact and chemical ionization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:2325-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Navarro P, Etxebarria N, Arana G. Development of a focused ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediment and mussel samples. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 648:178-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Alvarez-Guerra M, González-Piñuela C, Andrés A, Galán B, Viguri JR. Assessment of Self-Organizing Map artificial neural networks for the classification of sediment quality. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2008; 34:782-790. [PMID: 18313753 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2008.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The application of mathematical tools in initial steps of sediment quality assessment frameworks can be useful to provide an integrated interpretation of multiple measured variables. This study reveals that the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) artificial neural network can be an effective tool for the integration of multiple physical, chemical and ecotoxicological variables in order to classify different sites under study according to their similar sediment quality. Sediment samples from 40 sites of 3 estuaries of Cantabria (Spain) were classified with respect to 13 physical, chemical and toxicological variables using the SOM. Results obtained with the SOM, when compared to those of traditional multivariate statistical techniques commonly used in the field of sediment quality (principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)), provided a more useful classification for further assessment steps. Especially, the powerful visualization tools of the SOM, which offer more information and in an easier way than HCA and PCA, facilitate the task of establishing an order of priority between the distinguished groups of sites depending on their need for further investigations or remediation actions in subsequent management steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alvarez-Guerra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, ETSIIT, University of Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros s/n 39005, Santander, Spain
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Xu L, Lee HK. Novel approach to microwave-assisted extraction and micro-solid-phase extraction from soil using graphite fibers as sorbent. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1192:203-7. [PMID: 18395735 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A single-step extraction-cleanup procedure involving microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and micro-solid-phase extraction (micro-SPE) has been developed for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil samples. Micro-SPE is a relatively new extraction procedure that makes use of a sorbent enclosed within a sealed polypropylene membrane envelope. In the present work, for the first time, graphite fiber was used as a sorbent material for extraction. MAE-micro-SPE was used to cleanup sediment samples and to extract and preconcentrate five PAHs in sediment samples prepared as slurries with addition of water. The best extraction conditions comprised of microwave heating at 50 degrees C for a duration of 20 min, and an elution (desorption) time of 5 min using acetonitrile with sonication. Using gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization detection (FID), the limits of detection (LODs) of the PAHs ranged between 2.2 and 3.6 ng/g. With GC-mass spectrometry (MS), LODs were between 0.0017 and 0.0057 ng/g. The linear ranges were between 0.1 and 50 or 100 microg/g for GC-FID analysis, and 1 and 500 or 1000 ng/g for GC-MS analysis. Granular activated carbon was also used for the micro-SPE device but was found to be not as efficient in the PAH extraction. The MAE-micro-SPE method was successfully used for the extraction of PAHs in river and marine sediments, demonstrating its applicability to real environmental solid matrixes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:689-700. [PMID: 17474104 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Rodríguez-Obeso O, Alvarez-Guerra M, Andrés A, Viguri J, DelValls T, Riba I, Martín-Díaz M. Monitoring and managing sediment quality and impact assessment in Spain in the past 10 years. Trends Analyt Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2006.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Grosse S, Letzel T. Liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry with post-column liquid mixing for the efficient determination of partially oxidized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1139:75-83. [PMID: 17125779 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2006] [Revised: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The analytical hyphenation of micro-flow high-performance liquid chromatography (LC), with post-column liquid mixing and mass spectrometric detection (MS) was established to detect partially oxidized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oxy-PAHs) for low quantity samples. 100pmol injections of 30 reference standards could be detected in good sensitivity using either atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and/or atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). The connected mass spectrometer was a single quadrupol analyzer realizing simultaneous registration of positive and negative ions in scan range width of 200 - 300Da. The ionization efficiency was compared using three ionization sources (incl. electrospray ionization (ESI)) for several oxy-PAHs. According to the mass spectra, the analytes behave differently in ionization properties. Ionization mechanism (e.g. deprotonated ions and electron captured ions) could be discussed with new inside views. Finally, the hyphenated system was applied to an exemplary aerosol extract and thus highlighting the expedient utilization of this downscaled method for real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Grosse
- Analytical Research Group, Chair of Biopolymer Chemistry, Department of Basic Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising--Weihenstephan, Germany
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