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Liu C, Zhao B, Liu X, Zhang A. Determination of benzimidazoles in fruits by open-tubular capillary electrochromatography based on ionic liquids grafted covalent organic frameworks. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:1277-1287. [PMID: 35829922 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel capillary electrochromatography method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of ten benzimidazole fungicides in fruits. Herein, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and ionic liquids (ILs) were successfully introduced to prepare open-tubular capillary column to improve the loading capacity and separation performance. The parameters effecting the analytical performance including pH and concentration of running buffer, separation voltage and the addition of organic solvent were investigated systematically. Under the optimized conditions, the method allowed the baseline separation of ten benzimidazole fungicides, and showed a good linearity in the range of 3.5-200 μg kg-1 with the detection limits between 1.0 and 2.8 μg kg-1. The intraday and interday precisions for recoveries were lower than 7.9% and 12.2%, respectively. Intraday and interday precisions for their retention times were lower than 3.2% and 6.6%, respectively. Satisfactory recoveries for grape, pear and orange samples at two concentrations were obtained ranging from 85.0 to 95.9% with RSDs lower than 7.8%, demonstrating the potential applications of the open-tubular capillary electrochromatography method for trace benzimidazole fungicides analysis in fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Liu
- Department of Food Science and Biology Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Buyi Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Biology Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Department of Food Science and Biology Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Ailin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Biology Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
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2
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Liu Y, Li J, Wang Y, Yan C. Open-tubular Capillary Electrochromatography with Janus Structured Au-Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles Coating as Stationary Phase. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:413-418. [PMID: 31656248 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel Au-Fe3O4 nanoparticles-based capillary column was fabricated by magnetic approach for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC). The bifunctional dumbbell-like Janus Au-Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Au-Fe3O4 NPs) were prepared through a hydrothermal synthesis strategy, and the morphology was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Multilayers Au-Fe3O4 NPs were easily coated onto the inner surface of silica capillary by an external magnetic field to generate an Au-Fe3O4 NPs-based column. Compared with a bare capillary, the modified surface exhibited more stable and suppressed electroosmotic mobility. The column showed good separation efficiency for neutral analytes in the OT-CEC separation mode, with theoretical plate numbers of up to 79705 per meter for naphthalene. The successful separation of dihydroxy benzene isomers and proteins demonstrated that the column exhibits a reasonable separation performance. The reproducibility of the Au-Fe3O4 NPs capillary was studied, with relative standard deviations (RSD) for day-to-day and column-to-column less than 1 and 1.75%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University
| | - Jing Li
- Unimicro (Shanghai) Technologies Co., Ltd
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University
| | - Chao Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University
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3
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Zhao L, Lv W, Niu X, Pan C, Chen H, Chen X. An azine-linked covalent organic framework as stationary phase for separation of environmental endocrine disruptors by open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1615:460722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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4
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Gold nanoparticles coated with a tetramethylammonium lactobionate ionic liquid for enhanced chiral differentiation in open tubular capillary electrochromatography: application to enantioseparation of β-blockers. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:170. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-4121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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5
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Zhao X, Liu L, Li N, Wang T, Chai Y, Yang Z, Ye J, Chu Q, Chen L. Zeolite silica nanoparticles-supported open-tubular columns for isomer and chiral separation using capillary electrochromatography coupled with amperometric detection. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04859f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zeolite SiO2NPs OT columns with/without BSA were used for the separation of structural isomers, epimers and enantiomers by CEC-AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Linzhen Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Yuzhu Chai
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Ziyue Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Jiannong Ye
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Qingcui Chu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
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6
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Keçili R, Büyüktiryaki S, Hussain CM. Advancement in bioanalytical science through nanotechnology: Past, present and future. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Adam V, Vaculovicova M. CE and nanomaterials - Part II: Nanomaterials in CE. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2405-2430. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Vaculovicova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
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8
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Intrchom W, Mitra S. Analytical sample preparation, preconcentration and chromatographic separation on carbon nanotubes. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Liu Z, Du Y, Feng Z. Enantioseparation of drugs by capillary electrochromatography using a stationary phase covalently modified with graphene oxide. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-2014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Electrophoretic Analysis of Natural Antioxidants in Plant and Beverage Samples Using Dynamically Coated Capillaries with Chitosan and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Enantioseparations in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography: Recent advances and applications. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1467:145-154. [PMID: 27461922 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances and applications in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) for enantioseparations during the last decade. Although extensive research has been conducted in the area of separations by use of CEC, and a big number of reviews have been published, there is not a review on exclusively the use of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in OT-CEC for enantioseparations. Therefore, in this review, the design and synthesis of different CSPs are presented, and their potential applications in OT-CEC for enantioseparations are discussed. The different approaches to CSP development include chiral nanomaterials, porous layers, molecular imprinting, sol-gel technique, polyelectrolyte multilayer coating, polymeric coating and others.
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Aral H, Çelik KS, Aral T, Topal G. Preparation of a novel ionic hybrid stationary phase by non-covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes with amino-derivatized silica gel for fast HPLC separation of aromatic compounds. Talanta 2016; 149:21-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Niu X, Ding S, Wang W, Xu Y, Xu Y, Chen H, Chen X. Separation of small organic molecules using covalent organic frameworks-LZU1 as stationary phase by open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1436:109-17. [PMID: 26858115 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted much attention because of their permanent nanoscale porosity and higher surface area compared to zeolites as well as robustness. COFs have great potential in several fields such as hydrogen storage, gas separation, and catalysis. However, COFs have not yet been applied in capillary electrochromatography. Herein, covalent organic frameworks-LZU1 (COF-LZU1) was used as the stationary phase in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography for the first time. Compared to the monoliths used in electrochromatography, the preparation technique of a COF-LZU1-coated capillary was simple and practical. The baseline separation of model analytes including alkylbenzenes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and anilines by the COF-LZU1-coated capillary was achieved based on the size selectivity of COF-LZU1 porous structure and hydrophobic interactions between the model analytes and organic ligands of COF-LZU1. The load capacity of the COF-LZU1-coated capillary for naphthalene was 0.6mg/mL. For three consecutive runs, the intraday relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 1.4-2.6% for the migration time and 2.7-8.7% for the peak area. The interday RSDs were 1.3-3.9% for the migration time and 3.7-9.7% for the peak area. The column-to-column reproducibility of migration time was in the range 1.0-3.9%. Moreover, the coated capillary was used for >300 runs with no changes in the separation efficiency. Thus, COFs have great potential in capillary electrochromatography and may provide a new method for chromatographic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Niu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Sanyuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yali Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yinyin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xingguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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14
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Growth of metal–organic framework HKUST-1 in capillary using liquid-phase epitaxy for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography and capillary liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1381:239-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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A Novel Fluorinated Boron Nitride Nanotube Organic Monolithic Column for Capillary Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Hu W, Hong T, Gao X, Ji Y. Applications of nanoparticle-modified stationary phases in capillary electrochromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Development and Evaluation of a New Fluorinated Double-Wall Carbon Nanotube HPLC Stationary Phase. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2736-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Yu LQ, Yang CX, Yan XP. Room temperature fabrication of post-modified zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 as stationary phase for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1343:188-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Li LM, Yang F, Wang HF, Yan XP. Metal-organic framework polymethyl methacrylate composites for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1316:97-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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20
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Cheong WJ, Ali F, Kim YS, Lee JW. Comprehensive overview of recent preparation and application trends of various open tubular capillary columns in separation science. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1308:1-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Speltini A, Merli D, Profumo A. Analytical application of carbon nanotubes, fullerenes and nanodiamonds in nanomaterials-based chromatographic stationary phases: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 783:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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22
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Xu YY, Niu XY, Dong YL, Zhang HG, Li X, Chen HL, Chen XG. Preparation and characterization of open-tubular capillary column modified with graphene oxide nanosheets for the separation of small organic molecules. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1284:180-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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André C, Lenancker G, Guillaume YC. Non-covalent functionalisation of monolithic silica for the development of carbon nanotube HPLC stationary phases. Talanta 2012; 99:580-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Wang N, He S, Yan W, Zhu Y. Incorporation of multiwalled carbon nanotube into a polymethacrylate-based monolith for ion chromatography. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Herrera-Herrera AV, González-Curbelo MÁ, Hernández-Borges J, Rodríguez-Delgado MÁ. Carbon nanotubes applications in separation science: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 734:1-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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26
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Krenkova J, Foret F, Svec F. Less common applications of monoliths: V. Monolithic scaffolds modified with nanostructures for chromatographic separations and tissue engineering. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1266-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krenkova
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Foret
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Svec
- The Molecular Foundry; E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley; California; USA
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27
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Carbon nanotubes in capillary electrophoresis, capillary electrochromatography and microchip electrophoresis. OPEN CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-012-0014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractCarbon nanotubes are among the plethora of novel nanostructures developed since the 1980s. Nanotubes have attracted considerable interest by the scientific community thanks to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties. Research areas have flourished in recent years and now include the nano-electronic, (bio)sensor and analytical field along with many others. This review covers applications of carbon nanotubes in capillary electrophoresis, capillary electrochromatography and microchip electrophoresis. First, carbon nanotubes and a range of electrophoretic techniques are briefly introduced and key references are mentioned. Next, a comprehensive survey of achievements in the field is presented and critically assessed. The merits and downsides of carbon nanotube addition to the various capillary electrophoretic modes are addressed. The different schemes for fabricating electrochromatographic stationary phases based on carbon nanotubes are discussed. Finally, some future perspectives are offered.
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Mogensen KB, Kutter JP. Carbon nanotube based stationary phases for microchip chromatography. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:1951-1958. [PMID: 22566131 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40102a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this article is to provide an overview and critical evaluation of the use of carbon nanotubes and related carbon-based nanomaterials for microchip chromatography. The unique properties of carbon nanotubes, such as a very high surface area and intriguing adsorptive behaviour, have already been demonstrated in more classical formats, for improved separation performance in gas and liquid chromatography, and for unique applications in solid phase extraction. Carbon nanotubes are now also entering the field of microfluidics, where there is a large potential to be able to provide integrated, tailor-made nanotube columns by means of catalytic growth of the nanotubes inside the fluidic channels. An evaluation of the different implementations of carbon nanotubes and related carbon-based nanomaterials for microfluidic chromatography devices is given in terms of separation performance and ease of fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus B Mogensen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Li Y, Xu L, Chen T, Liu X, Xu Z, Zhang H. Carbon nanoparticles from corn stalk soot and its novel application as stationary phase of hydrophilic interaction chromatography and per aqueous liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 726:102-8. [PMID: 22541020 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) (6-18 nm in size) were prepared by refluxing corn stalk soot in nitric acid. The obtained acid-oxidized CNPs are soluble in water due to the existence of carboxylic and hydroxyl groups. (13)C NMR measurement shows the CNPs are mainly of sp(2) and sp(3) carbon structure different from CNPs obtained from candle soot and natural gas soot. Furthermore, these CNPs exhibit unique photoluminescence properties. Interestingly, the CNPs might be exploited to immobilize on the surface of porous silica particles as chromatographic stationary phase. The resultant packing material was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography, indicating that the new stationary phase could be used in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and per aqueous liquid chromatography (PALC) modes. The separation of five nucleosides, four sulfa compounds and safflower injection was achieved by using the new column in the HILIC and PALC modes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, China
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30
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Aqel A, Yusuf K, Al-Othman ZA, Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed AY, Alwarthan AA. Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes incorporation into benzyl methacrylate monolithic columns in capillary liquid chromatography. Analyst 2012; 137:4309-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35518c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Geiger
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemistry, 207
Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Amy L. Hogerton
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemistry, 207
Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Michael T. Bowser
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemistry, 207
Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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32
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Chambers SD, Holcombe TW, Svec F, Fréchet JM. Porous polymer monoliths functionalized through copolymerization of a C60 fullerene-containing methacrylate monomer for highly efficient separations of small molecules. Anal Chem 2011; 83:9478-84. [PMID: 22044302 PMCID: PMC3418882 DOI: 10.1021/ac202183g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Monolithic poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) and poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) capillary columns, which incorporate the new monomer [6,6]-phenyl-C(61)-butyric acid 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate ester, have been prepared and their chromatographic performance have been tested for the separation of small molecules in the reversed phase. While addition of the C60-fullerene monomer to the glycidyl methacrylate-based monolith enhanced column efficiency 18-fold, to 85,000 plates/m at a linear velocity of 0.46 mm/s and a retention factor of 2.6, when compared to the parent monolith, the use of butyl methacrylate together with the carbon nanostructured monomer afforded monolithic columns with an efficiency for benzene exceeding 110,000 plates/m at a linear velocity of 0.32 mm/s and a retention factor of 4.2. This high efficiency is unprecedented for separations using porous polymer monoliths operating in an isocratic mode. Optimization of the chromatographic parameters affords near baseline separation of 6 alkylbenzenes in 3 min with an efficiency of 64,000 plates/m. The presence of 1 wt % or more of water in the polymerization mixture has a large effect on both the formation and reproducibility of the monoliths. Other factors such as nitrogen exposure, polymerization conditions, capillary filling method, and sonication parameters were all found to be important in producing highly efficient and reproducible monoliths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frantisek Svec
- The Molecular Foundry, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Jean M.J. Fréchet
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Pérez-Fernández V, Domínguez-Vega E, Crego AL, García MÁ, Marina ML. Recent advances in the analysis of antibiotics by CE and CEC. Electrophoresis 2011; 33:127-46. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Cao J, Li P, Yi L. Ionic liquids coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a novel pseudostationary phase in electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:9428-34. [PMID: 22119676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A new CE system using ionic liquids coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (ILs-MWNTs) as pseudostationary phase was developed for the simultaneous determination of four flavonoids, four phenolic acids and two saponins. Several parameters affecting the separation were studied, including the choice of ILs, ILs-MWNTs concentration, the respective use of ILs and MWNTs, buffer pH, SDS concentration and borate content. Results revealed that the addition of ILs-MWNTs in running electrolytes enhanced the separation of target compounds compared to conventional micelle because the surface of carbon nanotubes interacted favorably with the analytes. Under the optimum conditions, a baseline separation was achieved for these analytes within 11 min in a 41.5 cm of effective length fused-silica capillary. At a voltage of 28.0 kV, the separation was carried out in a 10mM borate buffer (pH 9.0) containing 100mM SDS, 6% propanol and 4 μg mL(-1) ILs-MWNTs. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r(2)>0.9990) within the test ranges. The intra- and inter-day precisions as determined from standard solutions were below 3.30% and 6.23%, respectively. The recoveries for ten compounds were found to range from 85.5 to 101.8%. The method was successfully applied for the determination of three types of compounds in Qishenyiqi dropping pills. Our experimental results indicated that the proposed method offered new opportunities for the analysis of complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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35
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Chen JL. Molecularly bonded chitosan prepared as chiral stationary phases in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography: Comparison with chitosan nanoparticles bonded to the polyacrylamide phase. Talanta 2011; 85:2330-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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36
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Pesek JJ, Matyska MT, Nshanian M. Open-tubular capillary electrochromatography of small polar molecules using etched, chemically modified capillaries. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:1728-34. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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37
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Duan AH, Xie SM, Yuan LM. Nanoparticles as stationary and pseudo-station+ary phases in chromatographic and electrochromatographic separations. Trends Analyt Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Chen JL, Hsieh KH. Nanochitosan crosslinked with polyacrylamide as the chiral stationary phase for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:398-407. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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Hussain CM, Saridara C, Mitra S. Altering the polarity of self-assembled carbon nanotubes stationary phase via covalent functionalization. RSC Adv 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00341k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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40
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Chen JL, Hsieh KH. Polyacrylamide grafted on multi-walled carbon nanotubes for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography: Comparison with silica hydride and polyacrylate phase matrices. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3937-48. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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41
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Pauwels J, Hoogmartens J, Van Schepdael A. Application of carbon nanotubes for in-capillary incubations with cytochrome P450 enzymes. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3867-73. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Chen JL, Lu TL, Lin YC. Multi-walled carbon nanotube composites with polyacrylate prepared for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3217-26. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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